Ifulethi eliqediwe: ama-pluses kanye nokuhlelwa kwamahhala

Amakamelo ngaphandle kwezindonga zangaphakathi, noma, njengoba abizwa nangokuthi futhi, ngesakhiwo samahhala, avele emakethe yezezakhiwo isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, abathuthukisi, ama-realtors kanye nabathengi abangahle bahlale bebaqondana nabo ngenjongo.

Photo: I-Legion-Media

Ngokuthenga ifulethi ngesakhiwo samahhala, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi le nkululeko kunemibandela - kusamele yakhe izindonga futhi ivumelane ngezinguquko kuzo zonke izimo.

Inkululeko ngaphandle kodonga

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi amagama athi "ukuhlelwa kwamahhala", "ukuhlela kwamahhala", "ukuhlelwa kwamahhala", okuvame ukusebenzisa ama-realtors ukuchaza umhlaba wawo, awekho emthethweni waseRussia.

Umnikazi ongaba khona onikezwe izindlu ngesakhiwo samahhala, ecabanga ngefulethi lamaphupho - ngamawindi amakhulu, indawo yomlilo yomuntu siqu, indawo yokugezela ePolbasin ububanzi, kepha awusoze wazi ukuthi amaphupho abanzi, kepha awusoze wazi ukuthi yiliphi amaphupho ...

Eqinisweni, ukwakheka kwamahhala kusho ifulethi eliqediwe. Umthengi uthola indawo yokuhlala ekhawulelwe kuphela izindonga zangaphandle. Izindonga zangaphakathi zimakwe ngemigqa yemigqa yezitini (amabhlogo we-foam), noma adonswe umugqa onamachashazi ohlelweni lwe-BTI; Ifulethi linesakhiwo sendawo yokushisa imisebe yokushisa, ezenhlalo zenziwa (ikakhulukazi zifihlwe emabhulokini ezitini noma zegwebu), kunikezwe ama-alamu omlilo kanye nohlelo lokukhipha umoya owakhelwe ngaphakathi. Iqokwe ngokucacile kuphela imingcele yekhishi nezindlu zokugezela - okuthiwa yizindawo ezimanzi.

Ngokombono wonjiniyela, ukuntuleka kwezindonga kulingana nokonga okubalulekile ezintweni zokwakha. Ukuqedwa okunzima kwezindlu ezakhiwe, noma kunalokho, ukusho, amabhokisi endlu, angenza cishe inani elifanayo nokwakhiwa kwalo. Ngalesi sizathu, unjiniyela uzokujabulela ukunikela abathuthukisi kanye nama-realtors ukuhlukanisa imali yokuhlala ibe izingxenye ezimbili - amafulethi anokuhlelwa kwamahhala nokujwayelekile.

Kamuva, udonga kumkhiqizo osuqediwe luzokwakhiwa odongeni noma luzikhawulele kumaPylons noma amakholomu azovumela ukwanda kancane endaweni ephilayo (hhayi kuphela ukwandisa isikhala). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi "amaphupho" abukeka kabi ngokhonkolo, futhi iMetrah yayo ibukeka ingaphansi kwendawo eshiwo.

Photo: Photo 5000 / fotolia.com

Yiphaphamele lapho uthenga ifulethi elinesakhiwo samahhala emakethe yesibili: zonke izindonga ezakhiwe (noma azikwakhiwa) ngumnikazi wangaphambilini kumele zibekwe ngokusemthethweni futhi zimakwe kumadokhumenti e-BTI. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzofanele wenze ukwakhiwa kabusha, ngaphandle kwalokho, efulethini elinjalo akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuthengisa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yinani

Ubunzima obungolusemqoka ukuthi abaklami abakwazi ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlela kwamahhala kudingeka kanjani ngabanikazi besikhathi esizayo sezindlu ezisendlini eyakhiwe ngazo. Kodwa-ke, ohlelweni oluphansi, lapho unjiniyela adlulisela ku-BTI, kukhona ovele endle, umthwalo wenzelwe, izinga lokubhidlizwa likhonjisiwe, izindawo zokugezela ziqokonyisiwe ngokucacile, amawadi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi Futhi amakamelo okugcina amnyama akhonjisiwe. Ngalesi sizathu, umthengi wefulethi ngokuhlelela kwamahhala kufanele abeke izindleko zawo zesabelomali hhayi kuphela ngezinsizakalo zomqambi kanye nabasebenzi abazosebenzisa iphrojekthi ehlongozwayo, kodwa futhi evunywa yile ndawo.

Izindlu zokuqala ezinamafulethi "azifani nonke omunye umuntu" avele eMoscow ngasekupheleni kwama-90s. ngekhulu leminyaka. Ngemuva kokuthi izindlu zithengiwe esakhiweni esakhiwe kanye nezobuchwepheshe ezintsha (monolithic) enobuchwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi, ukusuka kuma-80 kuye kwangama-90% amafulethi ahlelwe kabusha ngokubhidliza okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwezindonga zangaphakathi ezingekho emthethweni. Emakhaya alandelayo, abathuthukisi baqala ukunikela ngamafulethi ngezindonga zangaphakathi ezimisiwe futhi ngaphandle kwezindonga, kodwa ngephrojekthi ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela esondela ezintweni zokwakha, kanye nemiholo yabasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, lezo ziqale, amafulethi zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu phambi kwamanenekazi futhi kudlulise amadokhumenti kwi-Technory Inventory Bureau. Abathuthukisi babenenzuzo ukungithengisa kuphela efulethini, kodwa futhi nezinsizakalo zabo zokugunyaza iphrojekthi eyenziwe yikhasimende, ngoba kube nethuba lokuphothula uhlelo lomthengi ngamunye. Izinguquko ezidingekayo zenziwa kokusalungiswa okusebenzayo, nangemva kwendlu yeKhomishini Yezwe, umniniyo washeshe wathola amadokhumenti ezindlu.

Namuhla, izinkampani zingakulungeli ukusebenza nekhasimende ngalinye, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi uxoshe uhlelo lokwakha (phansi) ngohlelo - lungatholakala kusuka kunjiniyela noma enkampanini yabaphathi. Uhlelo lumakwe ngokuphelele, okwavunyelwana futhi lwadluliselwa kwi-Stotexpextiz ngaphambi kokwakhiwa. Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luqinisekiswa yi-SEMPANSI LOKUQHAWULA KANYE futhi lunikezwe esikalini segquma kanye nesethi esemqoka yemibhalo.

Ubuhle nobubi

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuqonda kwenqubo eholayo yephrojekthi, kufanelekile ukuthi uphinde uqaphele ukuthi yimaphi amathuba okuhleleka kwamahhala okunikeza umthengi. Ngokungafani nezindlu eziqediwe, lapho izindonga eziphakeme kuzodingeka ziphule indiza yenganekwane yazo, ifulethi eliqediwe lizokuvumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kokubi, kubiza kakhulu, kanye nesigaba somsebenzi esinothuli kakhulu futhi esingcolile. Okunye okuhle okuhlotshaniswa nentengo yokuqala yefulethi. Njengoba izindonga zazingakhiwanga, kubiza okushibhile kancane kunengomakhelwane, egcwaliswe ngokuphelele yiphrojekthi.

Ngeshwa, ifulethi elinjalo lizoletha izinkinga eziningi. Umnikazi kuzofanela ameme umqambi, athuthukise futhi axhumanise iphrojekthi, athole abasebenzi,

Futhi yabe sekwamukelwe ukuqaliswa (kungaba nezinkinga uma inhloso iza ngokumelene nezindinganiso zokwakha nokuhlanzeka, eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesakhiwo nabaqashi). Ngokusho konjiniyela, ekugcineni kwayo yonke imisebenzi kanye nokuxhumana, izindleko zangempela zemitha yesikwele kwesinye isikhathi zikhulisa kabili.

Ugesi emizini lapho kunikezwa khona izindlu ngesakhiwo samahhala, kuyisiko ukuyeka kuphela ukuvikela isihlangu sefulethi, kepha ungangenisi ngaphakathi, ngoba udaba lokufakwa kukagesi luvame ukuba buthela kakhulu lapho uhlela kabusha. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka i-wiring yokushisa, ngoba kwezinye izimo amabhethri okushisa aphakathi nawo ahlelwa ngokubona komgcini (ngaphakathi kwekhono elibekwe yiprojekthi yekhasimende). Ivoti elinjalo Indawo efulethini yefulethi icishe ibe yizindawo ezimbalwa njengezindawo ezimbalwa (ngoba azikho amaphaseji nezinye izakhiwo ezisizayo). Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe noma iyiphi iphrojekthi enemikhawulo yokubhidlika, ngoba kungenzeka ukwandisa indawo yokuhlala kuphela yingxenye yefulethi elizobe likhanyiselwe ukukhanya kwemvelo okunganele. Kunzima ukuvumelana ngephrojekthi enjalo, futhi ama-akhawunti wokuhlinzekwa kukagesi ayoba mane nje.

Uma uthembela kuma-AVOs, ngaphandle kokukhipha kabusha, khona-ke "umnikazi wenkululeko" noma onothando "ongagunyazwanga olushushiswa umthetho, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlela kabusha kuzolinyazwa komakhelwane noma, impilo kanye nokuphila kanye nempilo komakhelwane.

Photo: I-Legion-Media

Umnikazi wefulethi, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwawo okungakhishwa ngendlela ebekiwe (noma kwenziwa ngokwephulwa kwezidingo), zibhekele ngokuhambisana nemithetho yemithetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unesibopho sokuletha igumbi lesimo sangaphambili (ngaphambi kokuhlelwa kabusha) noma ukuxhumanisa umsebenzi owenziwe

IHillpox inelungelo lokufuna ifulethi liye esimweni, elilungiselelwe kuhlelo lwe-BTI. Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa (kuyabiza futhi isikhathi eside) Kuzofakazelwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha akubandakanyi nanoma yiziphi izinsongo, inkantolo ingavumela ukushiya indawo yokuhlala evuselelwe kanye (noma). Kodwa-ke, kusengaphambili ukubabona kusengaphambili umphumela wokucatshangelwa kwecala kunzima kakhulu, futhi ukulungiswa kwenkantolo kuzoletha izinkinga eziningi.

Njengoba abathuthukisi bakholelwa, namhlanje, lapho bethenga ifulethi esakhiweni esisha esijwayelekile, kungcono ukukhetha izindlu ezihleliwe futhi ziqede ngokuphelele, zithole ipasipoti, ehlotshiswe ngayo yonke imithetho ye-BTI. Uma usukulungele ukuchitha futhi ufuna ukwenza ukwakheka kwasekuqaleni, unake kakhulu. Cela ikhophi yohlelo oluphansi kusuka kunjiniyela, thintana nomklami wakho, landela ukubala kokuqala kwephrojekthi. Noma khetha indlu lapho ukwakheka okujwayelekile akunikezwanga, futhi ifulethi ngalinye lakhiwa kucatshangelwa izifiso zekhasimende - kukhona iziphakamiso ezinjalo emakethe yezezakhiwo.

Sithola amadokhumenti

Ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi, ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo, ukudweba isiphetho sezobuchwepheshe ngesimo sezakhiwo kanye nethuba lokuvuselelwa kabusha, ukuthola isiphetho se-rospotrebnadzor kanye nokuvunywa kwephrojekthi kuthatha okungenani izinyanga ezi-2-3. Ngaphezu kwephrojekthi, uzodinga ikhophi yepasipoti, isitatimende mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kabusha kokuhlelwa kabusha kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha, ikhophi lamadokhumenti alungile efulethini, imvume yezobuchwepheshe yendawo yokuhlala, imvume ebhaliwe ye abanikazi.

Ngemuva kokuthola isixazululo sesilinganiso sentaba, ungaqhubekela ekusetshenzisweni kwephrojekthi. Ngemuva kokuba wonke umsebenzi usuqediwe, kuyadingeka ukufakazela ukuphela kokuphela kokuvuselelwa kabusha eHillside (ukwamukelwa kwemisebenzi efihliwe kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa), bese uthola uhlelo olusha ku-BTI, bese kuthi isitifiketi se ubunikazi befulethi ngokuhlelwa komuntu ngamunye. Amaphepha abhaliwe azothatha cishe izinyanga ezi-2.

Njengoba kunikezwe ubunzima, abathuthukisi bakulungele ukulahla ukuhlelela kwamahhala futhi banikeze abathengi izinketho eziningana zezakhiwo ezilungele nezivunyelweyo zamakamelo afanayo.

Cabanga ukungavinjelwa

Photo: I-Legion-Media

Sizokhumbuza abafundi bethu, yimiphi imisebenzi ekwakheni kabusha kwezakhiwo zokuhlala abadingi ukuthola imvume, yimuphi umsebenzi okudingekayo ukuxhumanisa ngochwepheshe osezingeni eliphakeme, futhi yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwephrojekthi yokuqala ye-developer akuvunyelwe, ngoba kuyingozi Kwabahlali besakhiwo sefulethi.

Imvume ngeke idinge uma uhlela:

• Yenza izakhiwo zezimonyo, kufaka phakathi ukushintshana okuqediwe kwezindonga, phansi, uphahla, izinto zokugembula ezingaphandle ngaphandle kokushintsha iphethini nemibala;
• ukwakha noma ukuhlukanisa ifenisha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (amakhabethe, amakhabethe), hhayi ukwakha amakamelo azimele (le ndawo ayikhonjelwa kwi-accounting yezobuchwepheshe);
• Faka esikhundleni (ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa) imishini yobunjiniyela efana nepharamitha kanye nedivayisi yezobuchwepheshe;
• Hambisa isitofu sikagesi sasekhaya ngaphakathi ekhishini;
• Khweza izindlela zobuchwepheshe zangaphandle (antennas, amagridi okuvikela kanye nama-conditioners amoyeni) kuma-facade ezakhiwo zamafulethi;
• Faka iminyango yokuzilawula noma ye-carousel kanye nemibukiso emiklamo yamazinga akhanyayo ngaphandle kokushintsha ubungako bangaphandle bezakhiwo;
• Faka esikhundleni izinto zokwakha futhi ushintshe ipulasitiki yezinhlaka zangaphandle, ama-balconies kanye nama-loggias;
• Hlela kabusha ukufudumeza (ukufudumeza) namadivayisi wegesi (ngenkathi ufaka futhi uhlele kabusha imishini yegesi
• ngokubeka amanethiwekhi angeziwe wokuhlinzekwa akwenqatshelwe);
• Buyisela izinto zokujoyina ze-facade yesakhiwo (ngoshintsho ekudwebeni).

Imisebenzi elandelayo ingenziwa, bese ikhipha imvume (ngendlela eyenziwe lula, yesaziso):

• Faka kabusha amadivaysi amapayipi egumbini lezindlu zangasese, izindlu zangasese, amakhishi;
• ukuvala iminyango ekuhlukaniselweni okungafuneki;
• Ama-loggias acwebezelayo nama-balconies amaphrojekthi ajwayelekile;
• Susa i-Tambur noma Shintsha ifomu labo ngaphandle kokukhulisa ubukhulu bangaphandle;
• Yehlisa ukwahlukaniswa kwangaphakathi ngaphandle kokukhuphula imithwalo ekuqedeni;
• Ukuhlukaniswa (ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye) okungama-undesiprectic (ngaphandle kokuxhumana);
• Yenza izingodo zokuhlukaniswa okungalungile (ngaphandle kwe-intercouquququ).
• Le phrojekthi nayo ingayenziwa yilezo zinhlobo zomsebenzi ezithinta izakhiwo ezisekelayo, ukuxhumana okujwayelekile kwezobunjiniyela, kungashiwongo kuhlu ezimbili ezedlule.

Kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele:

• Kuchitha imibandela yokusebenza kwendlu nendawo yokuhlala yezakhamizi, kufaka phakathi ubunzima bokufinyelela kwezokuxhumana kobunjiniyela, ukuxhumanisa amadivayisi, njll;
• Amakamelo abuke kabusha noma amakamelo ahlobene, uma ngemuva kokwenza umsebenzi ngeke akulungele ukuphila;
• phazamisa amandla nokuqina kwezinhlaka ezisekelayo zesakhiwo, yingakho ukuwohloka kungawa;
• Ukufaka ukunqamula noma amadivaysi okulawula ku-General (amanethiwekhi ajwayelekile) wezobunjiniyela, uma usebenzisa imali kungathinta ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kumagumbi ahlobene nawo;
• Susa noma wehlise isigaba sesiphambano seziteshi zomoya omncane;
• Khulisa umthwalo ezinhlakeni ezisekelayo ngaphezulu kwephrojekthi (ukubalwa kwekhono lokuthwala, ngokukhubazeka) lapho usebenzisa ama-screen ezinyaweni, esikhundleni sokufaka izigaba
• kusuka ezintweni ezifuywayo ezinhlakeni zezinto ezisindayo,
• kanye nendawo eyengeziwe;
• Dlulisa ama-radiator afudumele axhumeke ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi noma ukufudumeza okuphakathi, e-loggia, kumakholoni naseVeranda;
• Khweza phansi okufudumele kusuka ezinhlelweni ezinhloso ezijwayelekile zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okushisayo nokushisa;
• ukwephula izidingo zokwakha, zokuhlanzeka kanye nokuhlanzeka, okusebenzayo nemithetho yokuphepha komlilo yezakhiwo ezifulethini;
• Yakha izikhwama, anciphise ama-niches, punch izimbobo
• Ezindongeni zePylons, izindonga zedayidi kanye namakholomu (ama-racks, izinsika), kanye nasezindaweni zokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezenziwe ngesandla;
• Hlela izinhlawulo kuma-seams avundlile futhi ngaphansi kwamaphaneli odonga angaphakathi, kanye namaphaneli odonga kanye namapuleti we-skereps wokubeka i-wiring kagesi, i-wiring yepayipi (ezindlini ezijwayelekile);
• vala phansi ama-loggias kanye namathafa phansi kwesibili nangaphezulu;
• Ukwakha kabusha futhi (noma) uhlenge i-attic, isitezi sobuchwepheshe impahla ephelele yabanikazi bezakhiwo;
• yenza umsebenzi wokuhlela kabusha noma ukwakheka kabusha
• Ezakhiweni ezazisikwa yisimo esiphuthumayo;
• feza umsebenzi othinta ukubukeka kokuvela kwezindlu, kufaka phakathi ukwakha amawindi we-mansard, kanye nokushintsha ubukhulu bezakhiwo zokuhlala (amasayithi amagugu amasiko);
• Hlela ama-pasist phakathi kwamakamelo okuhlala namakhishi afakiwe ngaphandle komnyango wokuvalwa ngokuqinile;
• Hlanganisa igumbi elifuywayo elinendawo yokuhlala.