Namuhla, izindlu ngazinye ezakhiwe zisebenzisa i-sandwich-panels ye-sip ye-thermal ye-sip kungenye yamandla asebenza kahle futhi ngasikhathi sinye esingabizi. Ukuhlomisa ukwakheka kohlelo lokushisa umoya, awukwazi ukudala kuphela izimo zokuphila, kepha futhi ugcine ngokushisa.
Photo: Imibono yekhaya lakho
Umqondo wokukhiqiza amaphaneli we-sandwich we-sandwich (Iphaneli elifakiwe Izinto ezibonakalayo. Emashumini eminyaka edlule, ubuchwepheshe buphothulwe kaningi (ukwakheka kwezendlalelo zangaphakathi nangaphandle) kwaguqulwa, kepha kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kusukela ngo-1982, lapho i-Edison OSB Plant yenziwa i-batch yokuqala yezitofu (i-OSP ). Kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukuthi uhlelo lwe-SIP lukhona kwifomu lapho sazi khona manje - amapuleti amabili akhona, phakathi kwalo ungqimba lwe-polystyrene olufakiwe. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe buhanjiswa ezweni lethu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwabasekeli, unabaphikisi abakholelwa ukuthi ezindlini ezakhiwe kusuka kumaphaneli e-SIP akunakwenzeka ukuhlala. Okokuqala, izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamaphaneli zihlukaniswe emoyeni ezintweni ezinjenge-phenol, i-formaldehyde ne-styrene. Okwesibili, cishe ekwakhiweni kwe-Airtight, i-Thermos ayikho nje ukuphefumula. Bala ukushiyeka okusohlwini lwezakhiwo ze-SIP, mhlawumbe, ngeke, kepha zicabangele kangcono izindlela zokuziqeda.
Ukwakheka kwamaphaneli e-SIP
I-OSP-PLUS (i-Strand Board ethambekele - i-OSB) icindezelwe ngaphansi kwethonya le-high stication spital chipboard. Zenziwe nge-chip emincane (ubukhulu 0.5-0.7 mm, ubude bafinyelela ku-140 mm), okubekwe ezingxenyeni eziningana: Ngaphansi kubekwa eceleni kwe-axis enkulu yepuleti, futhi engxenyeni engaphakathi kungukuthi i-perpendicular to okokugcina. Isakhiwo esinjalo sinikeza amapuleti ukuqina okudingekayo (kunikeza ukumelana nomthwalo), amandla (kuvikela imiphetho kusuka kuma-chips), ukungakwazi ukuphehla kwe-shrinkage kanye nokuqhekeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Osp-Slabs anobukhulu obuphezulu (okungukuthi, bayakwazi ukuqina ngokuqinile izipikili nezikulufa) kanye nokumelana komswakama (okuhlanganisiwe kokuvuvukala lapho kungamanzi amahora angama-24 kuye kwayi-15, Izinto ezibonakalayo azikubhubhisi futhi zigcine amandla), futhi zingathathi ukubola. Zilungele ukucubungula: kulula ukusika nokukhathazeka, kungafakwa ku-gloud futhi kugxishwe yinoma yiziphi izingoma ezihloselwe ngokhuni. Impilo yensizakalo ebaliwe - iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.
Amakhona angaphandle kanye nemiphetho ephansi yama-facade ahlukaniswe ngamaphrofayili akhethekile (afakwe ohlelweni lwe-erfurt facade) olufakwe ngegridi yokuqinisa
Ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlanu ze-OSP-SLABS ezikhona kulomuhla, kufanelekile ukunaka i-OSB ECO, ekhiqizwa ngokuya ngezidingo zesimanje zemvelo yezindlu - izinto ezibophayo ezingenawo ama-denol ahleliwe ukuxhuma ama-chip. Kuvela kumapuleti anjalo azenzelwa izingqimba zangaphandle zamaphaneli we-sip, bese kuba khona ukuthi zikhulume nge-phenolic ne-formaldehyde emoyeni.
Ukubeka Ukuxhumana Kwe-Pipes
Ukubeka amapayipi okuxhumana ngamateyipu aqediwe weSisekelo ngumcimbi odla isikhathi futhi obizayo. Kulula kakhulu ukuwabulala ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhuphula amafomu, amanzi angangeni manzi izindawo zendima futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalokho uthele ezifoni likakhonkolo. Ngakho-ke abakhi beza, bephethe amapayipi ngisho nangaphakathi endaweni engaphansi kwendawo yomlilo.I-Polystyrere Foam - Ukushisa kanye nokushisa okuzwakalayo, ama-98% aqukethe umoya nokunwebeka ekuthinteni. Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60, kusetshenziswa kabanzi hhayi ekwakheni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasembonini yokudla kanye nezokwelapha. Ngokwenziwa kwamaphaneli wokushisa okushisa ahlelekile, kufanele ukhethe i-facade polystyrere Foam ye-PSB-CCF 25, enokonga okuhle kakhulu kwamandla (okuphakelayo okushisayo - hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-0.039 w / (m • k / (m • k) nomsindo wezakhiwo. Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwe-facade polystyrere Foam kusuka ku-foam evamile - ukuqina okubalulekile (15, 1-25.0 kg / m3), ngakho-ke, amandla aphezulu okuguquguqukayo okuqondile - okungenani i-0.1 MPA, ngokugoba - okungenani i-0.18 MPA), ukuqina (ukumelana nemithwalo, kubuye kube nokushisa kwekhono lokushisa esimweni sezulu esinomswakama), ukuphepha komlilo (kuqukethe i-flame retardant kuvela-200 kuya ku-85 ° C). Ngenxa yokumunca umswakama ophansi (ngevolumu - kungabi ngaphezu kwe-2% emahoreni angama-24), indlela yokukhula yezakhi zokukhula kwama-microorganisms ayikhiwa endaweni ye-polystyrene.. Izinto ezingabunjwanga, amelana namakhemikhali.
Ukwakheka kwe-domocomplekt
1. Ubukhulu be-SIP-Panel: 214 mm - ukuthola ukugqagqana nophahla (okuqinisiwe); I-164 mm - izindonga zangaphandle nangaphakathi; 124 mm - ukuze izihlukaniso. Ubukhulu obukhulu bungu-2.8 × 1.25 m. Ubukhulu be-OSP-PULTS - 12 mm. 2. Ingxenye yesikhathi sokhuni 100 × 80, 140 × 80 no-190 × 80 mm. Bavale amaphethelo amaphaneli ukuze abaxhumane nabo phakathi kwabo. Ngakho-ke ekwakhiweni okuqoqiwe, kwasungulwa ifreyimu esigabeni sama-racks angama-1250 mm, imishayo - 625 mm.
Asisondelana nemininingwane enjalo ngezakhiwo zezinto okufanele zisetshenziselwe ukwenziwa kwamaphaneli we-SIP. Ukukhetha iphaneli yokwakhiwa kwendlu, cela umphakeli ngemvelaphi yezinto zokwakha, ezenziwe ngazo, kanye nemigomo yokwenziwa (amapuleti akufanele ahlungwe ngqo esizeni sokwakha, kodwa kuphela ku Izimo zefekthri - Ezokuphepha). Uma zonke izidingo zibonwa, uma kungenzeka ukuthi kufanele uzisole ngokuthenga. Yebo, ikhwalithi ephezulu (enolwazi ngokucophelela slots) ukufakwa kwamaphaneli kanye nohlelo lokungena komoya onokwethenjelwa luzoba isiqinisekiso esengeziwe sokwenza ubumsulwa komoya endlini eyakhiwe.
Ukubona ngeso lengqondo: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Isikimu sesakhiwo sohlelo ku: 1 - i-boiler yokushisa amanzi; 2 - Iyunithi yokushisa komoya (AVN); 3 - isiqu sokondla umoya womoya; 4 - Ama-ducts endiza anezimo eziguquguqukayo; Ama-5 - gribles ukunikezwa komoya ofudumele; I-6 - ama-lattices okudla komoya; 7 - Impendulo yenethiwekhi; 8 - Recuperator (uyazikhethela); 9 - isiteshi sokufakwa esikhundleni somoya omusha; I-10 - I-Compressor Forfensation Unit of thermal air pump "Air-Air"
Izindlu ezenzelwe ubuchwepheshe be-SIP zingasetshenziswa ebangeni lokushisa kusuka ku -700 kuya ku-80 ° C. Bakhululekile ukuhlala ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zesimo sezulu
Ngobunzima obuhlukile - empeleni zero uPary Pary kanye ne-aerialness yezakhiwo eziqoqiwe eziqoqwe kusuka kumaphaneli we-SIP - ungalwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Isibonelo, vula njalo amawindi noma amafasitela. Indlela iyasebenza (ihlolwe ngamakhulu eminyaka), kepha hhayi ukukhululeka kakhulu kwabakhileyo endlini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika: Akazange avule iwindi - egumbini elithile, elithola - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - libanda - kubanda - kubanda - kubanda - kubanda - kubanda - kubanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ngeshwa, ngeshwa, yinhle kakhulu - sikhishwe esandleni esivulekile, ukhokhelwe ngemfudumalo ngokulahlekelwa kwemali etholwa yigazi.Ukuxoxisana
Ukuze uthumele amapayipi nezintambo zikagesi kusuka ku-basepace ngaphakathi kwendlu, emaphanini e-OSP wesisekelo ngaphambi kokuwafaka, kwenziwa i-Drank ehambisanayo. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwesikhundla sokudlula kokukhulumisana ngokusebenzisa ukunqwabelana, igwebu lavalwa uphawu, bese liqinisa, futhi lalicubungulwa ngokulondolozwa kokuqina kokukhiwa kwamanzi okukhomba.
Kusho ukuthini kuleli cala ngaphansi kwenduduzo? Unethezekile - Yilapho ubuyela ekhaya (akunandaba - kusuka emsebenzini, kusuka ohambweni lwebhizinisi noma iholide elide), nakuwo wonke amakamelo afudumele nomoya omusha. I-microclimate enhle ingadalwa, yithi, ngokuhlelela endlini ezimele ohlelweni lokushisa lwezokuhanjiswa kanye nomoya omncane. Kepha kunenzuzo enkulu, njengoba ochwepheshe bayaqinisekisa, ukuhlomisa uhlelo lokushisa luhlanganiswe nomoya omncane. Kungani kufanele akhethe isinqumo esinjalo?
Ukubona ngeso lengqondo: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Kungenzeka ukuhlelela ukudliwa ngokulungisa ivolumu yomoya enikezwe egumbini ngalinye. Kwanele ekuphakeni nasekubuyiseni ama-pucts aphethwe ama-throttle valves
Ukushisa komoya kuvumela ngemodi ezenzakalelayo ukwakha i-microclimate enempilo egumbini ngalinye lokuhlala, ukusetha amanani okushisa afanele (22-24 ° C), umswakama ohlobene (0.155-0% (0.155-0.25 M / S) . Kepha into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthi uhlelo olunjalo luyakwazi ukulondolozwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ubumsulwa komoya, futhi ingxenye ethile isuse umoya osetshenzisiwe futhi yafakwa endaweni yayo entsha, ifakwe emgwaqweni yayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuzokwenzeka ukonga kuze kube yi-30% yezinsizakusebenza zamandla (ngokwesibonelo, uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kwamanzi), ngoba ukufuya kanyekanye ezindaweni zokuhlala kunikeza imodi yokugcina umoya.
Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-SIP: ukunemba, ukusebenza kwamandla okususelwa ngokushesha, inkathi yonke, ukutholakala, ukusebenza kahle. Ububi - Izeluleko Zobunzima
Ukusuka emcabangweni ukuze uzijwayeze
Sizotshela ngokufakwa kohlelo olunjalo olunjalo ngoMbiko Wezithombe obonisa inqubo yokwakha indlu ngendawo ephelele ka-94,5 m2 (ephilayo 78.4 m2), eyenzelwe indawo yokuhlala yomndeni wabantu ababili Abantu-ezinempilo. Ukuhlinzekwa kweqoqo lamaphaneli e-SIP wokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwalo kweqembu lezinkampani, kanti ukwakhiwa kwaqashwa amabutho we-brigade. Uhlelo lokufudumeza nomoya omncane "lwe-Antares" lwenzelwe, lwenziwe futhi lubekwe ochwepheshe beqembu lokukhiqiza ama-Antares.Ubukhulu bezakhiwo zokuhlala ekhaya basondelene ngosayizi wamakamelo wedolobha elinamagumbi amathathu okulala wesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye
Izixazululo zezakhiwo nokuhlelela zibonisa izakhiwo eziphansi. Isibonelo, igumbi lokuhlala linikeza amathuba okufaka indawo yomlilo, futhi iwindi le-panoramic lifakwe umnyango lapho kuzoba lula ukuya khona ethafeni elinamathiselwe endlini, i-veranda noma engadini ebusika. Kusuka ephaketheni eliphakeme eliphansi likhona ophahleni lwe-canofy ye-balcony (indawo engu-16 m²), okungelona nzima ukuguqula indawo yokuphumula ekhululekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhala ngaphansi kwe-canopy singaguqulwa sibe egalaji.
Uhlelo lokushisa luwumoya, oluhlanganiswe nohlelo lokupholiselana.
Kubandakanya impompo eshisayo yomoya, i-heater kagesi, isihlungi sokuhlanza umoya we-elekthronikhi, isisetshenziswa se-UV, umswakama, kanye ne-recuperator, ehlisa kakhulu izindleko zokushisa komoya.
Kusele ukwengeza ukuthi amabutho asebenza indlu kusukela ngo-2009, kanye nokududuza, kanye nendawo yokuhlala i-microclimate, kufanelekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba izindleko zokusebenza zohlelo lokufudumeza umoya alwedluleli ama-ruble angu-12,500. ngesizini.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kokusebenza ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo endlini, ikhebula likagesi, ipayipi lamanzi elibandayo, laphinde labekwe ekujuleni kwepayipi lokufaka indle okungaphezulu kwe-1 m
Ngoba indlu ikhethelwe isisekelo esihle esihlaselwe yi-tepi. Ngedivayisi yayo, kwakukhona amasentimitha angama-70 ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-70, adalwe emcameni wawo we-gravel nesihlabathi, esasimbozwa ngamanzi avela ngaphezulu
Ukudalwa kwamateyipu wesisekelo asetshenzisiwe amabhlogo wefomu lensimbi (kodwa) kusuka kububanzi be-PPP buka-50 mm
Isisekelo esiphakeme se-75 cm sakhiwa kusetshenziswa amabhlogo kepha ububanzi obungama-25 cm
Ngaphambi kokugcwaliseka kokhonkolo emabhulokini kodwa washaya ipayipi lokuphuza umoya
Amateyipu weSisekelo kanye nesisekelo akhishwe kukhonkolo we-M300. Ngaphandle kwamabhulokhi kepha embozwe ngokwakheka okungangeni manzi
I-cesspool ezungeze umngcele wendlu yayifakwe nge-polystyrenererererene extredyrene
Ipulatifomu ngaphansi kombhede wesikhathi esizayo nayo nayo yafakelwa.
Emapuleti e-polystyrere Foaming, afakwe amafomu, abeke kulo i-Metal Frame, bese enza isilayidi sikakhonkolo ngokukhulu kuka-150 mm
Emathepheni esisekelo, ibha yokugobhoza yabekwa (190 × 80 mm), ilungisa amahange kuya kokhonkolo.
Amapuleti agcwele ngaphezulu ambozwe ngaphambili kusuka ngezansi ngeBitumen Mastic
Umhlangano: Amaphaneli afakwa kuphaneli, iphaneli yesibili nelilandelayo linamathele kulo.
Ukuxhumeka kuyabanjiswa futhi kulungiswe ngokuzidweba
Isisekelo se-Overlap safakwa kanjena: Okokuqala baqoqa amaphaneli emigqeni, bese bebahudulelwa ngokulandelana nabo ngelinye
Banamathisela ibha yokuhlambazeka ekugqekelweni, amaphaneli odonga afakiwe nama-vertices abo nawo aboshwe ngezingodo
Ngaphakathi kwendlu eyakhiwe ngezindlu ezahlukaniswa, bese ngenxa yokuqina, wasikwa ngakolunye uhlangothi ngamapuleti e-Osp-Plates
Ukugcwala kwesitezi sokuqala kube nedizayini evamile ye-BEAM - kulula ukubeka ama-air ducts.
Ku-perimeter, kwafakwa i-polystyrere Foam, bese kudalelwa phansi okuqinile kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbili ze-OSP-SLABS ngobukhulu obungu-24 mm
Idalwe ngokugqagqana okungenakuguquguquka okunamathiselwe ibha yokuhlanza futhi kubuchwepheshe obufanayo nakwisitezi sokuqala, amaphaneli odonga esitezi sesibili abekwe eceleni kanye nentambo yazo engenhla
Uphahla lwe-attic omisiwe lwalwenziwa nangamaphaneli e-SIP. Ukuqina kwayo nokuhlelwa kwayo nokukhishwa kwadalwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemigoqo yokuxhuma okuvela ngaphandle kwamaphaneli.
Uphahla - uthayela wemvelo, ngaphansi kwalapho kukhona imvume enomoya
Kwakhiwa isidumbu se-canopy, amabhodi aqhaqhazelayo acwebezelayo anesigaba esingu-200 × 40 mm. Ngaphezulu kwangena ophahleni olulodwa, okwakukhona lapho kwakhiwa khona phansi ebhodini lethala. Ekuvulekeni, kufakwe ama-windows epulasitiki wokonga ipulasitiki yohlelo lwe-Sib-Design (Rehau), enamafasitela amabili acwebezelwe amabili acwebezele anobukhulu obungu-32 mm
I-facade yanqunywa ukuthi ihlele i-elastic iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni i-kobau fleapomur (erfurt system) ngokususelwa kwi-polyamide anwoven w50 w50 web. Ukuqala, kuqhutshwa ngokucophelela
Usebenzisa i-glue ye-kobau ekhethekile ye-Fleedecol, i-facade yahlanganiswa ngephepha lodonga ngo-akhethiwe, bese upenda upende wokunwebeka.
Okulandelayo, ingxenye ye-facade yayigcwele ama-slats wokhuni
Ukudlulisa umthwalo usuka endaweni yomlilo uye esisekelweni sikakhonkolo esinqunyelwe kusengaphambili, kumaphaneli we-sip wezimbobo ezisike ngaphezulu bese uthele ukhonkolo ungene kubo
Eduze kwesithando somlilo adale i-portal futhi abeka i-chimney kusuka kumapayipi afakwe ku-sandwich afakwe ngaphakathi, avela ngaphakathi nophahla
Njengoba kungekho ndle emaphakathi edolobhaneni, sanquma ukufaka i-autonomonomontooute septic tank "Bioxi" kanye nomthombo wokuhlunga, owenziwe
Kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi amdaka angama-98% kusuka kwi-septica efudumele ngeshubhu elifudumele elinobubanzi obungu-110 mm shimmer kusihlungi kahle, ukusuka lapho bangena khona, bancike emhlabathini
Umoya ophuma ezakhiweni uyahlanzwa, umoya ovela emgwaqweni uxutshwe kuwo, bese uyashisa futhi aqhamuke esuka ephahleni lomgwaqo ophambili - embozwe nge-duct kusuka I-DryWall
I-duct yomoya eyinhloko yenziwa ngensimbi egayiwe nangaphandle kokufakwa kwe-foil ngaphandle
Ukushisa okuguquguqukayo kufakwe umsindo womoya ongenisa umsindo we-sono dfa dfa-s (diaflex)
Ngama-grids wokuthayela, umoya ovela ezakhiweni ungena ezindlini zokubuyisa zomoya, ngemuva kwalokho kusulwe, kuncishiswe futhi kuphinde kwakhishwa e-AVN.
"Umoya wokuqeda amandla" ususwa ngama-hoods amabhati, ikhishi negumbi le-boiler
Ama-ducts e-Flexible Air axhunyiwe ku-HARD, kanye nokuthambisa umoya kanye nama-glartis wokuthweswa iziqu kusetshenziswa ama-metal clamps
Ihlaya livaliwe ngetheyipu eqinisiwe
Uhlelo lwephansi
Ukuchazwa kwaphansi 1. I-Tambour 2.2 M² 2. Igumbi le-Boiler 5.7 M² 3. IHholo 3.5 M² 4. Igumbi lokuhlala 25.5 m² 5. Igumbi lokugezela 2.4 m²
Uhlelo lwesitezi sesibili
Ukucaciswa kwesitezi sesibili 1. I-Corridor 8.0 M² 2. Igumbi lokulala 8.2 M² 3. Igumbi lokulala 10.7 M² 4. Igumbi lokulala 15.2 M² 5. Terrace 16.0 M²
Ukubalwa okukhulisiwe kwezindleko zokuphila indlu ngendawo ephelele ka-94,5 m2, efana *
| Igama lemisebenzi | inombolo | Izindleko, rub. |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo seRibbon, izitofu nezigcawu | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 137 000 |
| Yakha inkemba yendlu | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 240,000 |
| Ukufakwa kohlelo lwephahla | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 140,000 |
| Idizayini nokufakwa kohlelo lokushisa komoya | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 162 500. |
| Ukufudumala nokuhlobisa okungaphakathi kwendlu, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kwamafasitela | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 215 400. |
| Qeda ekhaya | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 205 800. |
| -Nke | 1 100 700. | |
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | ||
| Izinto zokwakha zesisekelo, ipuleti ye-monolithic kanye nendawo yesehlakalo, kufaka phakathi isihlabathi, itshe elichotshoziwe, amabhlogo webhande, ukhonkolo, amapuleti okufakwayo, ukwakhiwa kwamanzi | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | I-205,000 |
| Iqoqo lamaphaneli we-SIP, kufaka phakathi amaphaneli ezindonga zangaphandle nezingaphakathi (164 mm), zangaphakathi Ukuhlukaniswa (124 mm), ukuze kuncishiswe izisekelo nophahla (kuqinisiwe - 214 mm) | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 381,000 |
| Izinto zokhuni ezinombhalo wobufakazi bobufakazi, kubandakanya nebha yokwehla kwesisekelo; Amabhodi ahleliwe (100 × 40, 140 × 40 no-190 × 40 mm); glue kanye nemishayo ejwayelekile; ukwahlukaniswa kohlaka; Amabhodi we-Out-Terrace Frame | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 268,000 |
| Izinto zokwakha idivaysi ephahleni "Amber" (Braas) | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | I-208,000 |
| Ukufakwa kwezinto zokuqeda kwangaphakathi nezinto zokwakha | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 211 000 |
| Amawindi nezicabha | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 111 500. |
| Okokusebenza kohlelo lokushisa umoya | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | Ngo-611 000 |
| Izinto zokwenziwa ze-trim yangaphandle, kufaka phakathi amaphephadonga we-poapade, ama-glue, amaphrofayli, ama-plaquen, ama-drains, amabhodi abhalwe phansi | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 328 200. |
| Izinto zokwakha ezisizayo (izikulufo ezizishayayo, amakhona, igwebu, njll.) | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 58,000 |
| -Nke | 2 385 700. | |
| -Nke | 3 486 400. |
* Ukubalwa kwenziwa ngaphandle kwezindleko zokubalwa kwezimali kanye nezindleko zokuhamba.