Ukuthuthukisa isihlangu sasekhaya, ngaphezu kokufaka esikhundleni imitha, kufaka nokuvuselela okuzenzakalelayo okuvikelayo. Amadivaysi akhethiwe kahle azosiza ukuvikela ikhaya lakho hhayi kuphela kusuka kumjikelezo omfushane, kodwa futhi kusuka emlilweni, umlobi oshaqekile nezinye izinkinga.
Photo: I-Legion-Media
Eminyakeni yamuva, amagridi amanzi asekhaya avele ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, umthwalo kubo ukhuphuke kaningana. Izidingo namadivaysi okuvikela akhuphuke - "Traffic Jams" (izimoto ezivikelayo ngaphansi kwesikulufu Chuck) Esikhathini sezobuchwepheshe esiphelelwe yizobuchwepheshe futhi eRussia zisetshenziswa kancane. Ukuze babuyise, bafika abaphuluki besifunda besimanje nabaphelele esifakiwe ku-DIN Raction.
Photo: ABB.
Uma inethiwekhi ingenayo i-RCD, ungabeka indawo ehlukile ngokuvikelwa okuzenzakalelayo, usho amamodeli we-ABB ngokuzwela kuka-30 Ma. Kufakwe izisekelo ezinjalo egumbini lokugezela nakwezinye izindawo ezidinga izindlela zokuphepha ezandayo. Lapho i-RCO ibangelwa, kuphela uhlu lwenkinga oluzocima
Izinga lokuqala lokuvikelwa - Abaphuka Besifunda
Amadivayisi wenqanaba lokuqala lokuvikelwa - Abaphuluki beSekethe - bavikele ikakhulukazi ama-Intra-quarterly wiring kanye nabakwagesi emiphumeleni ebhubhisayo yamandla amakhulu avela ngokuyinhloko nomjikelezo omkhulu. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhetha idivaysi ngokuya ngesigaba sesiphambano socingo nangendlela ye-gasket yayo.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, ukushintshwa okwenzelwe ukukalwa kwamanje kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-32 a asetshenziswa; Le nkomba iboniswa empeleni kumkhiqizo. Ingacatshangelwa kalula ukuthi i-automata ngo-6 no-10 a isetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi angasindi anomthwalo omncane (ngaphansi kwe-1 KW yenethiwekhi eyodwa ye-220 v). Imishini engu-16 A ifakwe ezindlini kaningi. Ngemishini enamandla ikakhulukazi (isibonelo, i-heater yamanzi yokugeleza), automata 32 a noma ngaphezulu ayadingeka.
Photo: Obi.
Amadivaysi okuvikela abekwe ohlakeni lwesitimela lwe-DIN adinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela. Amabhokisi akhethekile ama-modular azosiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha futhi abanikeze ukubukeka okuhle.
Kwenzekani ekushintsheni lapho umthwalo kunethiwekhi ufika ngenani eliyingozi? I-wiring iqala ukushisa. Idivayisi ifaka ukukhululwa okushisayo ngepuleti le-bimetallic. Lapho amazinga okushisa athile efinyelelwa, kuthinta indlela evuthayo evaliwe ephula oxhumana naye. Uma umthwalo udlula kancane, umshini uvaliwe kungekudala. Kepha lapho umthwalo uphindwe kabili kaningi, ukuvalwa kuzolandela imizuzwana embalwa.
Photo: legoin-media
Ukukhubaza inethiwekhi ngesikhathi sesekethe elifushane, kusetshenziswa okunye ukukhishwa - I-Electromagnetic. Ivala okukhona kwamanje cishe ngokushesha - kwama-millisecond. Okwamanje, isifunda esifushane sesekethe esifushane siyaqhubeka ngomshini - ezinkulungwaneni zama-AMPS. Amamodeli wezendlu we-automata ajwayele ukwakhelwa isizinda esifushane esifushane samanje esingu-4500 noma i-6000 A. Uma kuphezulu, ukukhululwa ngeke kukwazi ukuphula iketanga.
Lapho ukhetha i-switch, ngaphezu kwe-rated yamanje, naka uhlobo lwayo. Kukhonjiswa ngezinhlamvu zeLatin B, C (Azikho ezinye izinhlobo zamadivayisi empilweni yansuku zonke) futhi zisho umthwalo omkhulu umshini ongamelana nazo ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwe-electromagnetic. Amadivaysi e-TYV B agcinwa ngaphambi kokukhipha i-chain 3 ... 5 yemithwalo eqokiwe, kanye nohlobo lwe-C - 6 ... amahlelo ayi-10. IMachines Type C isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kunama-motors kagesi anamandla okudala umthwalo owengeziwe (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Reaction) umthwalo ekuqaleni.
Akufanele uzame ukuxhuma wonke amasokisi namadivayisi ngokushintsha okukodwa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi iqembu ngalinye lamadivayisi umshini walo liyanikezwa.
Yiluphi uphawu lokuvalwa kukagesi?
Abasebenzisi abaningi abanaka ukuvalwa njalo kwabaphuluki bemisilinga, okungelinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile empilweni yansuku zonke. Njalo "ungqongqoza ama-traffic jam"?Mhlawumbe, zibuthakathaka, musa ukubhekana nomthwalo.
Isiphetho esinjalo senza umnini khaya futhi siye esitolo se-automatics sinamandla amakhulu - ngo-20, 25, futhi kangcono ngo-32 A. Gcina engqondweni: Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthathe indawo ye-automata ngaphandle kokubonisana nogesi! Futhi lapho kufanele ungakunaki ukuvalwa. Njengomthetho, babhalisela ukuthi ingxenye ethile ye-wiring ilimele noma ayibekezeleli umthwalo. Uma nje ungena esikhundleni somshini ube onamandla ngokwengeziwe, ucingo olimele luzofudumala futhi luwele ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuvuza kwamanje?
Abaphula umjikelezo bavikelekile ngokuyisisekelo kumjikelezo omfushane kanye nokulayisha ngokweqile kwenethiwekhi.
Ngeshwa, ugesi ungafeza ezinye izingozi ukuvikela amanye amadivayisi.
Ukuvikela ukushaqeka. Ama-aggregates weleveli yesibili - idivaysi evuthayo evikelayo (UZO) - ivele kuma-70s. XX Century Futhi kusukela lapho isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke emazweni athuthukile. Ukuthola umehluko ngamandla emisikhani emqhudelwaneni ngaphansi kwe-voltage kanye ne-vorro conductor, i-RCD ingabona okukhona njengamanje okutholakalayo ku-atrate (ukungathathi hlangothi). Uma ukuvuza kwamanje (okuhlukile kwamanje) kufinyelela inani elinikezwe, i-RCD ibangelwa futhi ivule iketanga. Isikhathi sokuphendula kumele sibe sincane (iningi lamadivayisi lingama-millelisecond amaningana). Isikhombisi esikhulu sokukhetha i-UZO ukuze umthengi ubukhulu bokuvuza kwamanje (kukhonjisiwe kuleli cala).
Amamodeli abucayi kakhulu angenziwa alingana namanje alingana ne-10 ma. I-UDO enjalo inganconyelwa ukufakwa emakamelweni anamanzi (e-Bathroom, Sauna) noma, ngokwesibonelo, enkulisa. Kodwa-ke, idivaysi ebucayi kakhulu ingasabela ngisho nokuxhuma amasu anamandla anamandla (ama-2-3 kw). Ngakho-ke, kuyo yonke indawo, kuthathwa emhlabeni wonke ukusebenzisa i-UZO, okubangelwa yindawo yokuvuza yama-30 Ma. Umthelela wayo uyabonakala impela, kepha uthathwa njengephephile kumuntu osemdala onempilo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (ekushiseni kwegumbi kanye nomswakama ophansi). Kepha okwamanje okunjalo kukuvumela ukuthi uxhume inqubo enamandla kunethiwekhi.
Photo: B. Oris Bezel / Burda Media
Ukufakwa ku-DIN Rail ngeke kube nzima. Amadivayisi ahleliwe kusetshenziswa i-clamp yasentwasahlobo. Ukudiliza intwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukubambezela (a). Ukubopha izikhungo zokuxhumana. Kwi-UZO ne-Uzip, ubumbano bokuxhumana lubalulekile, akunakwenzeka ukudideka isigaba, ukungathathi hlangothi (b)
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-UZO?
Idivaysi yokuzivikela evikelayo idinga ukulawulwa okujwayelekile kokusebenza. Lokhu okulandelayo ngeke kube nzima - kanye ngenyanga kuyadingeka ukucindezela inkinobho etholakala emzimbeni we-UZO. Idivaysi esebenzayo izocima bese icisha ama-voltage.
Ukuvikelwa Komlilo. Amadivayisi wenqanaba lesithathu lokuvikelwa - ukushintshwa komlilo kokuvimbela umlilo. Eqinisweni, bayi-UZO efanayo, kodwa nge-Trigger ephakeme yamanje (amakhulukhulu ama-milliamper). Ukushintshwa okunjalo kwenzelwe ukuvikela emiphumeleni emibi yokulimala okufihliwe kwe-wiring.
Isibonelo, kwenye indawo umqhubi wesifundo wadilizwa, ama-screck cremp enza buthaka kuma-terminals of the sockel (kumele acindezelwe njalo, kepha enza ukuthi ambalwa abantu) - ngokulandelana, indawo ezonakele iqala ukufudumala . Ukushisa kungaba namandla ngokwanele futhi ekugcineni kuholele ukuvuvukala okukhulu nomlilo. Ukushintshwa kwe-Firewood okuhlukile kusabela ekuvuthweni okufanayo. Lawa madivayisi anganconywa kwabanikazi bezindlu ezindala nge-wiring yomoya.
Amazinga amathathu okuqala abonisa ukuvikelwa ezinhlakeni ezihambisana nezinto zangaphakathi. La mazinga amabili alandelayo - ukuvikelwa kumathonya amabi angaphandle.
Photo: Schneider Electric
Amakhaya ethu anemishini eminingi ebucayi edinga ukuvikeleka okuthembekile ekulimaleni kokukhipha ukuduma kanye nokugxuma kwe-voltage ephuthumayo.
Ukuvikelwa kumandla kagesi odlula. Uma esikhundleni senethiwekhi engu-220 v yasebenza kungazelelwe ku-250-280 v, khona-ke izinto zasendlini zingahluleka kakhulu. Abakhiqizi abaningi, bazi izici ezingathandeki zamanethiwekhi asekhaya, bahlinzeke ngemishini yabo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, kepha amadivaysi akhethekile wesine - ukushintshwa okuhlukile (i-RCO nokuvikelwa ku-voltage edlula)
I-Uzip kumele ifakwe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezineziphakamiso zombani, kanye nasezindlini ezinezintambo zokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kagesi ezitholakala endaweni lapho kuvame ukushukunyiswa khona (amahora angaphezu kwama-20 ngonyaka).
Ukuvikelwa ngokumelene nokugcwala ngokweqile. Amadivayisi afanelekile ezingeni lesihlanu (okuthiwa yi-ultrasound) Vikela igridi yamandla yangaphakathi kusuka emiphumeleni enamandla (inkulungwane-ama-microsond) we-voltage jumps entekenteke ezibucayi.
Izinketho zokukhetha i-Breaker Circuit kuya ngohlobo lwemishini kagesi kanye nohlobo lomthwalo
| I-Electrical Appliance (Idivaysi) | Amandla, kwt | Umjikelezo olinganiselwe we-breaker yesekethe, futhi | Uhlobo lokunqamula |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isiqandisi sikagesi | 0.3 ... 0,5 | 6. | Ukusuka |
| I-heater yamanzi yohlobo lokuqongelela | okune | amashumi amabili | Phakathi kwa- |
| I-heater yamanzi igeleza | 6. | 32. | Phakathi kwa- |
| Amasokisi ekhishi (i-Electric Kettle, i-Toaster, Bakery) | 2. | Okuthenyalwayo | Phakathi kwa- |
| Umshini ongenisa umoya | I-3.5 | amashumi amabili | Ukusuka |
| I-washer | 2,5 | ishumi nesithupha | Ukusuka |
| Isitofu kagesi | isihlanu | 25. | Phakathi kwa- |
Amadivayisi welinye izinga lokuvikelwa axazulule uhla lwazo lwemisebenzi futhi, ngobukhulu, ungahlangani namadivayisi ezinye izinyathelo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zazo zingenza imisebenzi yamazinga athile okuvikelwa. Isibonelo, kukhona okubizwa ngokuthi yi-DifTanttomonates, okuyinhlanganisela yabaphuluki besekethe kanye nabaphula umthetho ohlukile, okungukuthi, amadivayisi wamazinga okuqala neyesibili. Kunconywa ukuthi basebenzise, ikakhulukazi, ngengozi eyandayo yesifunda esifushane esemhlabeni. Isibonelo, izingxenye zangaphandle zama-mains (izisekelo zengadi kanye nezinto zokukhanyisa) zifakwe ama-diphaft.
Onke amadivaysi kufanele axhumeke ekulandekelweni okuqinile, ngokuya ngezincomo zabakhiqizi kanye nezidingo ze-Gost R 51628-2000 "Izivikelo Zokusabalalisa izakhiwo zokuhlala". Izikimu zokuxhumana zingaba yinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke umsebenzi uphathise abasebenza ngogesi abaqeqeshiwe.
Yonke imishini yesimanje yokuvikela amadivaysi ayinkimbinkimbi, lapho ixhumeka ubumbano, ukufakwa kokufaka kanye nokukhipha kufanele kube okunembile, futhi kungadideki, kusho, isigaba nokungathathi hlangothi. Ngeshwa, i-UDO namanye amadivaysi avame ukuxhunywa ngokungalungile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-UDO ngeke isebenze futhi, okungenzeka, yehluleka. Ngokuxhumana okufanele, wonke amadivaysi avame ukusebenza "ekulungisweni ukulungisa".
Ukwephulwa kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zangaphandle. Isibonelo, isizungu esifushane kakhulu samanje lapho oxhumana nabo befiphala, kubangela inhlanyelo enamandla, efana ne-arc ye-welding. Ngokuvamile, okubangelwa ngakunye komshini kunciphisa insiza yawo kancane. Ngakho-ke, akufanele usebenzise amadivaysi okuvikela njengokushintshwa kwenethiwekhi. Ukuze abaphathi bamandla, kungcono ukufaka ukushintshwa okukhethekile kokushintsha. Uma kungekho chipboard, khona-ke unqamula wonke umthwalo kusuka kunethiwekhi ngaphambi kokukhipha, cisha inqubo nokukhanyisa.
Enye yezinganekwane ezivame kakhulu - i-UZO ayisebenzi kunethiwekhi ye-wire ezimbili (ngaphandle komhlaba). Eqinisweni, uma kungekho mhlaba, akulula ukufaka i-RCD, kepha udinga! Uma, ake sithi, emshinini wokuwasha, okuthile okwenziwe ngaphandle komjikelezo omfushane (emzimbeni 220 v), ukusebenza kwawo ngaphandle kwe-UZO kuzobe kuyingozi enkulu.
USergey Akinfeev
I-Easy9 Launch Manager, Schneider Electric
I-othomathikhi-amathathu-module automatic DS203NC umehluko wamanje wokushintsha (ABB). Ukuzwela okungu-30: 30 Ma, 300 Ma
Uzip Easy9 (Schneider Electric), Izigxobo ezintathu + ezingathathi hlangothi
I-UDI VD1-63 (iek), ama-ruble angama-707.
Layisha inkinobho (iek), i-126 rub.
I-Hager Layisha Shintshela (isetshenzisiwe, ngokwesibonelo, ukudlulisa uhlelo kusuka kunethiwekhi kuya ku-generator), kufika kuma-40 a, 1500 ama-ruble.
Easy9 Rattumat (Schneider Electric), 30 MA Sensitivity
Shintsha ukulawula ukulayisha kumodi ezenzakalelayo noma ebhukwayo (hager)
Ukushintshwa okuzenzakalelayo: I-Easy9 Series (Schneider Electric)
Ngo-6 a (iek), ama-ruble angama-71.