Imisipha ende yanoma yikuphi ukubonwa komhlaba kuyizihlahla. Yiziphi izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezifunwa kakhulu, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ngokuqinile ibanga futhi unakekele imidondoshiya yengadi, ufunde engxoxweni yethu nomeluleki we-adreiscaped anrei Lysikov
Yiziphi izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezifunwa kakhulu, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ngokuqinile ububanzi futhi unakekele imidondoshiya yengadi, ufunde engxoxweni yethu norerei Lysikov
Ngokusobala, ngaphakathi kweyodwa, ngisho nendatshana enkulu ayinakuxoxwa ngayo yonke imikhakha yokukhula kwezihlahla esizeni sezwe. Ake siyeke ekunakekelweni kakhulu futhi okuhehayo. Isibonelo, ingabe ikhona imfashini yalezo noma ezinye izihlahla?
Yebo, ngakho-ke singasho. Uma uqhathanisa ne-assortment ye- "Mass", eyayiyiminyaka eyi-10 noma engama-20 edlule futhi ikhona namuhla, khona-ke ungabona inkambiso ekushintsheni. Esikhathini esedlule, izingadi zethu zezithelo ezidumile nezingadi zigcwele ama-logns kanye nezingoma zemifino yokuhlobisa. Kodwa-ke, uma izimbali kanye nezihlahlana zokuhlobisa ngamunye zitholakala ngaphambili, khona-ke amaConifers athakazelisayo avele emakethe muva nje, maphakathi nawo-90s. Amathuba amasha enza abalimi abaningi abanabalandeli bangempela bezitshalo ezingama-coniferous, ezindaweni ezisezindaweni zezwe baqala ukuqoqa amaqoqo kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile ngisho nemizamo yokudala izingadi ze-coniferous.
Kwakha ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwamafomu athunjiwe. Sekuvele kukhona abahlengikazi abakhethekile, lapho belungiselela khona izinto zokutshala zokusika, kanti ekuqaleni izihlahla ezinjalo zalethwa zivela eYurophu. Ngoba ama-haircuts asetshenziswa njengezinhlobo ezinobunzima (i-elm, i-IRGA, i-maple, i-lipa, i-rowan, i-apula, i-spruce yaseningizimu (i-pine kanye nentaba, isiKorea Fir, Juniper Medium, Thuja Western). Manje ungabheka intshisekelo kanye nezihlahla ezivela eqenjini lengozi azigcineki ngokuya ngobunzima obusebusika, kepha obukekayo kusuka endaweni yokuhlobisa. Lokhu kungumuntu oHolly (Ostolistic kanye noMeter) ngamaqabunga acwebezelayo acwebezelayo kanti amanye aze afike ezinhlamvu eziningi zezitshalo, izinhlobo eziningi ze-magnolia.
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1-3. AmaMaples amakhulu, amaLindens, ama-ELMS akhonza njenge-canopy evikela engadini (1). I-Skimpion Lesikhumba singakhiwa njengesihlahla noma isihlahla (2). Izezineli ze-Weymouth Encriveve, ezivandeni zikhule amafomu alo aphansi (3).
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4.5. Amakhophi amadoda nabesifazane abaseJuniper ajwayelekile ahlukile ngesimo: Amadoda - ama-colon-shape (4), ama-shaggy "abesifazane", ahluthwe. Izitshalo ezinamahlamvu akhanyayo aqokomisa izindawo ezithunzi (5)
Yebo, intshisekelo e-Exotam inemvelo: abantu bahamba kakhulu, bajwayelane namanani amasha - baphokophela ekuhlolweni. Yini engasebenza njengekhampasi lapho ukhetha i-assortment?
Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ukubukeka nosayizi wezitshalo, ukuhambisana kwazo nezimo zemvelo zesayithi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqina kobusika. Ekuseni, imephu ye-European-American of Plants izindawo ezingamelana neqhwa zaqala ukuqondiswa. Ngokusho kwayo, iningi leqembu eliphakathi kwengxenye yezwe lethu, kufaka phakathi isifunda saseMoscow, lifaka i-Zone 4 ngamazinga amancane asuka ku-28.9 kuya ku-34 C. Moscow, njenge- "Heat Island", liwela endaweni 5 (Kusuka ku-23, 4 kuya ku-28.8 c), lapho insimu itholakala khona eningizimu yeSt. Petersburg Kurcursk Line Smolensk Volgogad ingeyakho. Ngala makhadi, leli khadi kufanele liphathwe kakhulu, lihlala lidlala amabhentshi athile.
Ngakho-ke uncoma ukuthi ngokuqapha ngokweqile ukuze uthathe umbono wokuvelela kwezitshalo ezikhulayo ezivela eqenjini lengozi?
Yebo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uMhlaba ongewona umnyama, naphezu kwakho konke, indawo yezolimo enobungozi kanye nengadi ihlala. Izindawo eziningi zokugembula ezizalweni zezitshalo ezinothando ezinothando futhi eziphansi, ngokwesibonelo, owesilisa wama-evergreens, i-slanoid ephezulu ye-Oriental noma esongeni, i-maple yaseJapan, isiShayina (i-wiresia), i-piesis yaseJapan. Uhlu lwezitshalo ezifanayo ezinikezwa emakethe lungaqhubeka futhi luqhubeke. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha okukhulu, abalimi babhekana nobushiqela besimo sezulu. Yebo, uma izihlahla - ukulala zingabulawa ebusika bokuqala, kepha kunoma yikuphi, zizohlushwa amakhaza.
Ukunakwa okukhulu kanye nolwazi olujulile lwezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo kudinga ukuthengwa kwamaphayini (ikakhulukazi labo abasenkabeni yokuhlafuna okuhlanu), ama-tees, ama-cypres, ama-magnolias, imisele yokuhlobisa (okubizwa ngokuthi ama-sakur). Kungaze kube nezikhathi ezithile ukuthi kuhlanganiswe nomphakathi, i-quince japanese, ama-alimondi ahlangene amathathu futhi aze aze. Amathuba amancane azohlushwa iMorozov Iva anezelelekile Hakuro-Nishiki, ikakhulukazi ifomu lawo elijwayelekile. Ngamafuphi, ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwesihlahla, ngoba muhle kakhulu futhi uyakuthanda, kufanelekile ukufunda kabanzi ngekhono lawo lobusika ezimweni zakho zezulu.
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6-9. Iqembu leConifer elivela eTui Western naseJuniper Chinese lihlotshiswe ekhoneni lokuphumula (6). Izinhlobo ezenziwe ngensimbi zeJuniper Medium (7) zidonswa ogwini. Enye enhle kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-conifers, i-spiny picea pungens globosa globosa nge-bluish-esiliva cheese, itshalwe eduze kwentaba yephayini (8). Amahlumela ka-Eli Eleans Elean, waxhunyelelwa ekuphakameni kwesisu se-1m, ebuza isihlahla sifana ne-waterfall (9).
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10-12. Amafomu e-Cascade eForiain Fomu awekho kuphela e-coniferous, kodwa futhi evela ku-Hardwood, ngokwesibonelo, i-Elm yesikhulumi sikaCarroud Sermoni (10) noma imbuzi (12). Owokuqala utholwe esitokisini esiphakeme sokuphakama okujwayelekile okungu-1m (kuze kube yizicucu ezine-ezinhlanu ngasikhathi sinye - ukuze i-cascade ivunyelwe), ngenkathi isitaki sembuzi siphakeme cishe ngo-24-30 cm. Amahlamvu akhanyayo e-purpure enkulu eheha ukunakwa futhi enza okuhlukahlukene e-tonial eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yemvelo (11).
Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinto zokutshala ezihlongozwayo, kunzima ukunquma ukukhetha. Yiziphi izincomo ezingaba wusizo?
Okokuqala, kufanele unake imvelaphi yezinto zokutshala. Izitshalo eziletha emazweni aseningizimu anezimo ezifudumele nezinomusa (iHungary, e-Italy, e-Ukraine, Moldova, Belgium naseSouth Germany) zakhiwa ngesikhathi esifushane. Zingahle zibuyiselwe ekuthuthukisweni kwazo zisenyakatho lakulo ngosuku olude lokukhanya ekuthuthukisweni kwazo, hhayi ukuqedela umjikelezo wokukhula futhi zilungiselele ubusika ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuqhakaza. Akukona kuphela ngezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa, kepha nangezibonakaliso zezithelo, lapho ukhetha okufanele unikeze okuthandayo, izinhlobo ezakhiwe. Uma sikhuluma ngezifundazwe zeBaltic nasePoland, khona-ke izitshalo zendabuko zomucu ophakathi, zilethwe kula mazwe, njengomthetho, ziyeza, zihlala izitshalo ezimweni zethu ngempumelelo. Kepha kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezikhule eduze kwengadi yakho enkulisa. I-Subing the Range kanye nekhwalithi yezinto zokufika ezifuywayo zikude kakhulu kakhulu kusuka ebuhleni, eminyakeni yamuva nje kuyinqubekela phambili esobala kulokhu. Zama ukungathenisi izitshalo ngohlelo lwezimpande ezingenampande, ikakhulukazi i-coniferous, ngemuva kokutshala avamile kakhulu. Kungcono ukukhetha izihlahla ezitsheni, ngenkathi ekukhishweni kwabani kufanele bagcine ukwakheka kwesitsha futhi bahlangane nezimpande.
Ukhulume ngokuthandwa kwezinhlobo ze-coniferous ... amathuba amandla abo okuhlobisa, angasetshenziswa kanjani ekubonakalweni?
Ngosizo lwamaConifers, yenza umnyango wesiza kanye noshintsho phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene zensimu, zibukeka ngokwanele ezingxenyeni ze-PARTER, futhi amafomu aphansi nawobukhali asetshenziswa kuma-rockers, ukushaya amathrekhi namasayithi. Omakhelwane abahamba phambili bomuntu onontanga ehlanganisiwe, u-Eric kanye noRhododendrons. Bakwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngokuvumelanayo ngama-roses, okusanhlamvu, ama-perennials womhlabathi. Ezincane zombili izixazululo, futhi njengabasusi emaqenjini ama-pursu, fir, ama-larch, uphayini, ama-tuja asentshonalanga noma ama-pseudo-amakati aseMezis izitshalo ezinkulu "ezikhumbulekayo". Ngaphezu komdwebo wezinaliti, ukucushwa komqhele kudlala indima enkulu. Ukwakha ukuvumelana eqenjini, kuyadingeka ukucabanga ngenhlanganisela yezitshalo, ehlukile njengokucushwa (ububanzi kanye namaphiramidi amancanyana, amakholomu, ama-silhouette), nesimo (esinesibindi, ukusakazeka, ukusakazeka).
Umbuzo we-Introva mayelana ne-assortment. Yini enolwazi namuhla?
Uhlu lwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-coniferous nezinhlobonhlobo ezisetshenziswa emklamweni wengadi kukhulu kangangokuba zingazinikeli ku-monograph eyodwa. Izihlahla ezivezwa kakhulu, umqhele wazo ofana nebhola, ngokwesibonelo, izintaba ezahlukahlukene: inqwaba ye-gnom kanye nama-mops, i-cobold ne-cobold futhi yephula amancanyana. Isimo se-Kharyoid noma esiyindilinga seTui Western Glomosa, Timy Tim, Golden Globe, Woodlard, Coobold, Hobonery. I-Western Tui Western Danica kanye neGlobosa Nana Ehlukile ekuguleni esimweni sezulu sethu, asetshenziselwa ukwakha imingcele ephansi nabaphathi abavaliwe.
Izitshalo ezine-prostrate, ukuntshontsha, ukuntshontsha kanye nemiqhele efudumele kuhle ngokuhlobisa imithambeka kanye nezikali zamatshe, amafomu aphezulu ngamaqembu, ama-arbors ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa indawo ezungezile. "AmaKhosi" Nazi izinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zeJuniper ezejwayelekile, i-cossack, ephakathi, evundlile, amanga, scaly. Kungaba futhi nesinyathelo se-microbiotha, izinhlobo ngazinye zikaphayini kanye ne-evergreen Tsugi Canadian.
Uma sikhuluma ngamaConifers, khona-ke izinhlobo ezihlobisa ezihlobisa futhi ezinobunzima obunzima kufanele zikhethwe njengezitshalo zokukhuluma. I-Tier yesibili yakhiwa kusuka ezitshalweni eziphakathi nendawo ezinomqhele ongenalutho kwezithunzi ezihlukene, ngokwesibonelo, iJuniper Cossack Blue Danube noma i-PFITZizeana eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-Pindi Pfitzeriana aurea, vula ukwakheka kwentaba. Izingoma ze- "Bobbby" ezinama-conifers aphansi, ezivuselelayo: I-Expressive juniper isiliva-evundlile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evundlile kanye ne-wiltonii kanye nekhaphethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-aiy cossary carpet, i-ay cossack tamaricifolia kanye nekhaphethi eluhlaza evamile eluhlaza.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ozincomayo usebenzisa ukwakheka kothango oluphilayo?
Imvamisa yakhiwa kusuka ezihlahleni zohlobo oluthile lwedwala. Ngezinhlobonhlobo, ungakwazi ukushintshashintsha amafomu ngamadevu wemibala ehlukene noma izithunzi zethoni eyodwa. Ku-hedges kusuka emhlambini wemiphoko, amafomu aluhlaza, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokusilika akhethiwe, kwesinye isikhathi abekwe ekuthandeni kwawo odliwe futhi ojwayelekile. UValcian waseTui Western nge-periodicity ethile kuyathakazelisa ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo zayo zobucwebecwebe ezinobucwebecwebe obumnyama (i-smaragd), i-green-paint (i-sunking, iribhoni eliphuzi, i-youllope yegolide).
Uma sikhuluma ngezihlahla ezinqumayo, ingabe kungenzeka phakathi kwabo ukwaba "izinkanyezi" ezidumile kakhulu, ezingaba sezinzile ngesimo?
Kusukela ebusika - izitshalo ezi-Hardy ezingenakuqhathaniswa ezifunwayo ze-birch (fluffy futhi zilenga, ikakhulukazi amakhemikhali awo acwebezelayo), i-wapbachy ne-manchuria evulekile ). Ezakhiweni zosayizi omkhulu kahle njengabasoli, i-oak red, i-lime ye-molllar kanye ne-chestnut yamahhashi, i-monster, itholakala. Njengabokubili, kubukeka kukuhle ezitshalweni zokhuni ngomqhele we-translucent kanye ne-openwork Maak Cherry Cherry's kanye ne-Bugrgen Cherry Silhouette, i-Bugger yaseJapan, iKaragan efana neKaragan, i-Irga Lamarck.
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13-17. I-Autumn iveza igatsha lezihlahla. Ama-Cribs amahle kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, i-apula lesihlahla berry (13). Amagilebhisi okuhlobisa (14) kanye ne-blow plum (15) eduze kwekwindla enhle ngezithelo zawo. Pear (16) kanye nezihlahla ze-apula (17) zikhule ngesigaxa zinikeza isivuno esiningi sokuvuthwa kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yesixhumanisi somqhele. Inketho enhle ukutshala i-demorder ebusweni eningizimu.
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18-23. Isimo senkinga yezitshalo: Ama-corsoed adla ahamba ezigodini zezihlahla ze-coniferous (18, 19); UNut wavy uhlasela amahlamvu amantongomane (20); Isikhutha (21) singasethatheke eLilac, Currant, Viburnum, Barberry; I-Montylize (22), eshayayo, njengomthetho, amasiko amathambo anamabutho aphakathi - ngophayini we-Weimutov kuleli ndlalo ama-currant bush asebenza; Ukugqwala kwe-Bubble (23).
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Ingadi yezithelo, njengoba ushilo ekuqaleni kwenhlolokhono, iya ngokuya iphansi ekuhlobiseni kokuhlobisa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abalimi basagcina ukuzibophezela ekutshaleni izihlahla ezinembile. Yiziphi izindlela zokushintsha eziguqulwe kule ndaba muva nje?
Manje kaningi ukuthola indawo encane yasendlini, uzama ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezinemimoya ephansi embhedeni omncane nombhede omncane (ngokwesibonelo, iPharadesi laseBudagovsky esihlahleni se-apula). Izihlahla ezikhulayo zinomqhele ohlanganisiwe futhi zilungele kahle ekwakhiweni kwengadi enosayizi omncane. Izindlela zokutshala nezihlahla ze-apula, ngokuvimbela amagatsha aseceleni aseceleni, kodwa nokho okuphakame ngokwanele. Uma sikhuluma ngezihlahla ezinjalo zama-apula, lapho-ke phakathi kokuthandwa kakhulu - uMongameli, "Malyuha", "Iksha", "Imali". Futhi esiqongweni semfashini, ukulinyelwa kwaleyo okuthiwa yizinhlamvu eziningi. Ngamunye wabo umele izinhlobo ezihlukene ezihlukene zama-apula noma amapereyi ashaye ichashazi elilodwa.
Umphumela ungumgcini wegadi uthola isihlahla esingajwayelekile, enikeza ukuvuna "okuqinile okuqinile. Izihlahla ezinjalo zimelana ngokwanele nezimo zezulu ezilimazayo, zinokubukeka kwasekuqaleni. Ngayinye yazo ingangena esikhundleni sezihlahla eziningana ze-apula noma amapheya ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuvota okuhambisanayo kwezimbali kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, izivuno zivame ukuba zinhle.
Kungenzeka yini ukukhuluma ngezihlahla zezithelo ngokuqondene nokuhlobisa?
Yebo, kukhona ukuthambekela okunjalo - ukuhlobisa indawo yeziqongo ze-apula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinhlobo zezithelo ezijwayelekile zomqhele owenziwe kahle, kepha kaningi - izinhlobo ezinhle zokuhlobisa: ama-apula izihlahla i-berry, ukhilimu, u-unzoretsky, uSargent IDR. Bavela engadini hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo ekhanyayo, esikhundleni sakwaSakura esidumile, kodwa nasesikhathini sekwindla bapenda ingadi ngemibala ehlukene. Izinhlobo ezibushelelezi (umlilo we-prairie, i-liset noma i-rudolf) pinkish, i-punchovaya noma amahlamvu ansomi agcinwa kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Ukuhlobisa ingadi entwasahlobo ukuqhakaza ama-cherries, hhayi kuphela izinhlobo zamasiko, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo zayo - zizwa, zinesihlabathi, i-steppe. Guqula ingadi entwasahlobo neplamu. Ukutshala kuphela kufanele kube nezihlahla eziningana eduze ukuze ziphinde zibuye. Izinhlobo ezithengwa kakhulu - "IsiHungary Moscow", "Ibhola elibomvu", "i-Eurasia 21", "Alenushka", "intwasahlobo".
Ukukhetha kwezinhlobo ezifanele nezinhlobonhlobo kuyisigaba sokuqala sokusebenza nezihlahla. Yibuphi ubunzima obungavela ngaphezu kokubulawa okuyisibopho "kuhlelo" (Ukunisela, ukondla kanye nokunquma)?
Inhlekelele yangempela yama-fir namaphayini asezabasethameni nakwezinye izifunda kwakunguKoroedyy. Kuthiwa yiqembu lezilokazane zama-xylophages (ngaphandle kwama-coredists kuleli qembu libuhlungu futhi, u-Usachi) - zinokhuni olushayayo. Ukuhlaselwa kweKoroedov kungenxa yokuthi amahlathi esifundeni saseMoscow kule minyaka edlule ashiye futhi angakutholi ukunakekelwa okufanele, kukhona nomonakalo wezihlahla ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka.
UVitoga umisa okukhulu endaweni ehleliwe - ukulwa nama-kororade kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza. Ngenxa yalokho, izindawo eziyimfihlo zabantu zihlupheka. Uma sikhuluma ngezifo zezithelo, khona-ke ezingeni lobhubhane namuhla basakaza ngezingadi zethu ukushiswa kwembewu (ukushaya isihlahla se-apula kanye ne-pearl), amaqabunga emali yezilimo zamatshe. Izidumbu zezinkinga nezifo zihola njengokufika okungalungile - ezindaweni ezinamanzi aphezulu asemhlabathini (ngaphansi kuka-1.5-2m) kanye nokutshala ubusika kwezinto ezinezimpande ze-carbonated.