NgoJanuwari 2012, umhlangano, ababambiqhaza abaxoxa ngezinkinga ezivela ekwakhiweni kwezindlu ezivela ehlathini lomswakama wemvelo nokhuni olukhazimula, kanye nohlaka lwe-sketeles labo lenziwa ku-TVD " I-Expostroita kwi-Nakhimovsky "IHholo Lenkomfa.
NgoJanuwari 2012, umhlangano, ababambiqhaza abaxoxa ngezinkinga ezivela ekwakhiweni kwezindlu ezivela ehlathini lomswakama wemvelo nokhuni olukhazimula, kanye nohlaka lwe-sketeles labo lenziwa ku-TVD " I-Expostroita kwi-Nakhimovsky "IHholo Lenkomfa.
Ochwepheshe bethu
Umphathi womhlangano Umkhandlu Ukuhlanganyela "Inhlangano -Ngokhuni isakhiwo sendlu " | 
I-Drachenko iphini eliphansi Jwayelekile Abaqondisi Izinkampani "I-Abs-Stry" | 
Ikhanda "Nlk Isakhiwo Sendlu " (Iqembu Lenkampani "Imali Eyimali") | 
I-Tsygamenko, UMongameli NP. "Inhlangano ye-Domo- Ukwakha Ubuchwepheshe be-SIP » |
Ingxenye 1. Isisekelo sendlu yokhuni
U-Oleg Panitkov, ongusihlalo woMkhandlu Wokubambisana "Inhlangano Yezokwakha Indlu Yokhuni"
Yiziphi izinhlobo zesisekelo ezinconyelwe izindlu zokhuni?
Izakhiwo zesihlahla zilula kakhulu kunomunye "wamatshe" awo. Ngakho-ke, isisindo sebhokisi lendlu yezitini eliphakathi nendawo lingamathani angama-80-100, futhi amabhokisi welogi noma ibha angamathani angama-25-30 kuphela. Izakhiwo zozimele zilula ngokhuni ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5. Kungenxa yesisindo esincane sezindlu zokhuni, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise izisekelo ezingasindi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo ezisebenzayo zezisekelo zezisekelo: Amateyipu amancane azalela, inqwaba kanye nesikulufa se-pile noma inqwaba, i-monolithic slabs it.p . Kuliqiniso, ukukhethwa kohlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwesisekelo okuvame ukwenzeka ngesisekelo semiphumela yocwaningo lwezwe - kuya ngokukhethwa kwenkampani yokwakha. Ngamanye amagama, ochwepheshe baso babeka uhlobo oluthile lwesisekelo emfudlaneni ngakho-ke bancenga umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo wendlu ukuba asiphakamise. Kepha le ndlela ayimukeleki, ngokwesibonelo, uma kwenzeka phansi phansi phansi kwendlu. Uhlobo lwesisekelo kanye nomthamo walo wokuphatha kumele kunqunywe ngesisekelo sokubala ekwakhiweni, kucatshangelwa imiphumela yocwaningo lwezwe.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezaziwayo zesisekelo, ngombono wakho, zingokwezomnotho kakhulu?
Konke kuncike ohlotsheni lwesakhiwo, kanye nesimo sendawo yendawo nenhlabathi. Enye yezisekelo zezomnotho okwamanje kufanele ibhekwe njengebhande lokuzalela elincane. Kepha uma kukhona ukukhetha esizeni, lolu hlobo lwesisekelo alufanelekile, ngoba ngenxa yokwanda kokuphakama kweteyipu, ukwakheka kuzobiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezinokukhululeka okushiwoyo, kungcono ukufaka i-Pile-Scolding noma i-Sireninto Foundation. I-Screw Piles ilungele amasayithi anenhlabathi eyizinkinga (i-bubbler, i-peatlands), ngoba ingaphoqelelwa ukuba iphonswe ekujuleni kwe-4M noma ngaphezulu, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu ebusika. Isibonelo, ukwakhiwa kokuqala eRussia yendlu esebenzayo, kusanda kuthunyelwa (bheka "i-IVD", 2012, N 1), kwaqala ebusika, futhi kwakuyisisekelo senqwaba yakhe. Kwasiza ekunciphiseni kakhulu imali okhokhelwayo yokwakhiwa kwesisekelo kanye nesakhiwo sonke.
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1. Isisekelo se-Pile-Screw Foundation ngentambo yezihloko zezinqwaba ezinesiteshi sensimbi.
2. I-FleeCelag yeLubebal Belt Foundation: Amateyipu angaphandle avela ku-litachide ukhonkolo, kanye nokubekwa ngaphakathi kusuka emabhuloki kakhonkolo.
3. Isitofu esingenakufakwa emanzini iMonolithic, lapho kwenziwa khona izinsika ze-korebands nezinsika.
4. Isisekelo esiqukethe amateyipu amancane ahlaselwe, ngaphezulu kwawo isitofu se-monolithic esifakwe esifakwe kuyo (sizoba "phansi" esitezi sokuqala futhi sikhuphule ukushisa kwesakhiwo sefreyimu)
Uma kungekho phansi komhlaba, kudingekile ukuhlela ubuchwepheshe ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwendlu yokhuni noma ngaphandle kwawo kungakwenza?
Uma isitezi esingaphansi sidalwe kusuka emishameni yokhuni, phakathi kwayo okufakwayo, ubuchwepheshe ovutha umoya kumele bube ngaphansi kwalo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda i-condensate egumbini elingaphansi (lamapulangwe) elingaphezulu kwe-overlap, kanye nokuqapha ngezikhathi ezithile isimo sezinhlamvu kanye nomklamo ophelele.
Yini ukuphakama kwe-techpotion?
Kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlola isimo sokungagcini ngokhuni kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuxhumana okubekwe kwinqubo. Ukuze uchwepheshe ozobhekana nalokhu, angangena ngokukhululeka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu lesikhala esingaphansi komhlaba, ukuphakama kwama-niza lags ezingeni lomhlabathi kufanele okungenani kube ngu-60cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Team Tezs angu-60x60cm kufanele enziwe egumbini elingaphansi lokwehla.
Ngabe ngidinga ukunisela isikhala esingaphansi komhlaba nokuthi ngingakwenza kanjani?
Emabhukwini amaningi ezinhlangeni eziningi, inhlabathi inhlekelele noma i-soam, ngokusho ukuthi iCapillar ekhuphuka ngomswakama yenzeka nini. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunisela isikhala esingaphansi komhlaba. Kulokhu, phezu kwayo yonke indawo yamuva, umhlabathi umbozwe ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamanzi nezitolo: ifilimu eliqinisiwe, i-hydrokhotloxole IT.p. Ukufakwa komswakama kufanele kufafazwe yinoma iyiphi impahla ezokwakhiwa kwe-addensate eyenziwe ngaphansi komhlaba - isihlabathi, i-rubble noma ubumba (ukushuba (ubukhulu be-10 cm). Uma umhlabathi endaweni ye-waterfront noma insimu yagcwala amanzi ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula, kuyadingeka ukudala ama-drainage eduze komngcele wesisekelo, uma kungenjalo ichibi lokubhukuda lizokwenzeka entwasahlobo.
Kungani udinga umoya omncane wendawo engaphansi komhlaba nokuthi ungaqinisekisa kanjani?
Ukuphefumula kwendawo engaphansi komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ebusika lapho indlu ifudumele. Uma ukushisa ne-vaporizolescence yesisekelo se-inverlap kwenziwa ngokucophelela, ukwehla kwesisindo kuyo ngeke kubuswenga. Kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwa i-condensate ekwakhekeni okuphansi kokugqagqana. I-Aesley Sweplap Solation inokukhulu okunganele, i-condensate izovela ngokuqinisekile. Ukuvikela isihlahla emiphumeleni yaso elimazayo kwenzelwe umoya omncane wendawo engaphansi komhlaba. Kunikezwe ngosizo olukhiqizwayo egumbini elingaphansi. Ngokusho kukaSnip 2.08.01-89 *, isigaba sesiphambano somkhiqizo owodwa kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-0.05m2. Ngasikhathi sinye, indawo ephelele yokukhiqiza kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-1/400 weTechnical Underground Phansi. Inani lokukhiqizwa kwegazi lincike ekucushweni kwesisekelo. Isibonelo, uma isikhala se-intrazocol sendlu 6x6m sihlukaniswe yi-ribbons eyisisekelo ezingxenyeni ezine, khona-ke kulowo nalowo kufanele okungenani abe ukukhiqizwa okubili. Ukuze kungeniswe umoya omncane wemvelo we-intrazol Space ukuze usebenze, ukuhlinzeka ngokungena nokuphuma komoya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela kahle umkhiqizo. Kunemithetho emithathu elula. Okokuqala: Ukuqala kufanele kuhlelwe ku-diagonal yalesi sikhala. Okwesibili: Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe ukuphakama okunjalo kokubekwa kwemikhiqizo yegazi ukuze ungalali ngeqhwa (ukuphakama kwesembozo seqhwa ezindaweni ezingaphansi kuka-40-50cm). Okwesithathu: ukudala ukugcwala, ukuhlinzeka ukuhamba komoya, kufanele okungenani kube ngu-10 cm ngaphansi komkhiqizo "ukuphendula" ngokuphuma kwawo. Uma uhlela umkhiqizo kwelinye izinga (lokhu kwenza iningi labakhi), umoya omncane wendawo uzoba mubi: umoya ovuthayo kusuka ekugxumeni uzolwela phezulu, kodwa ngeke uthole okuphumayo kwangaphandle. Umphumela uyindawo ebizwa ngokuthi yindawo eqinile ngaphansi kokugqagqana, futhi kuzoqala ama-condensate kumabhodi aphansi asalungiswa.
Ngabe ngidinga ukuvala isikhumba ebusika?
Uma kungekho ukuxhumana esikhaleni ekhaya, futhi ungqimba wokufakelwa ku-overlap lukhulu kakhulu (25-30 cm) futhi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa ngokuthembekile ohlangothini lwegumbi nangaphansi, kungenzeka futhi ungavali i umkhiqizo. Izimo zokubuka ezisendlini zisazofudumala. Imikhiqizo ivaliwe empeleni uma amapayipi ezokuxhumana abekwa endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, okuyi-ke, yize kungasebenzisi ukufakwa kwe-tubular, angabanda. Kepha qaphela: Endaweni evaliwe, umoya uzoba nokushisa kwenhlabathi, okuzoholela ekwakhekeni kwe-condensate ezindaweni ezikhona zokhuni. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba okubukeka kwayo, uma ubeka ukufakwa ngaphansi kwesidlo sasekuseni esishisayo, kuzokuvumela ukuthi ucindezele umugqa wokuqaqeka kwenhlabathi kusuka kusisekelo
Ingxenye 2. Izindlu zokhuni ngokwemvelo umswakama
UMikhail Dyachenko, Iphini Lomqondisi Omnene Wokubanjwa Kwe-Abs
Yini okufanele ibe umswakama wezingodo noma ibha esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa?
Ngokusho kweSnip II-25-80 "Izakhiwo Zamapulangwe", umswakama omkhulu webha noma izingodo akufanele wedlule i-25%. Empeleni, leli nani liphakeme kakhulu ngokujwayelekile, ngoba abakhiqizi abambalwa bafuna kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-6 kuya ku-1 ukuyomisa ngisho nomlilo ebusika (khumbuza: izinkuni zobusika zilukhuni kakhulu ehlobo). Lapho kuphakama umswakama wokuqala, izinkuni eziningi zingaphansi kokukhubazeka kwinqubo yomiswa kwayo. Uhlelo lwesimo sezulu luyingozi kakhulu ukungena ngemvume. Uma uqala ukubheka, ukwakhiwa kwendlu kulula kakhulu futhi kuyashesha: ukulethwa izingodo ezivela ehlathini, kusetshenzwe emshinini, okwenza imifino nezitsha, zihanjiswe endaweni yokwakha futhi ziqoqe indlu yelogi. Kepha akekho ocabanga ukuthi izingodo ezingavuthiwe zingaqala kabili emotweni lapho zilethwa entweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqoqa umklamo ohlosiwe ngeke kwenzeke. Kungakho abakhi abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangenwe nakho okuzungeza izingodo ezomile kuphela futhi bathobele ngokucophelela namashadi aqinile wokuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye zendawo yokwakha nokukhuphuka. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkomishi ezingenalutho zenziwa kusetshenziswa izinkomishi zeselula ngaphambi kokufaka izinto ezisendaweni. Ibha nelogi ejwayelekile lincane kakhulu kune-otylinding, zingaphansi kokukhubazeka ngesikhathi sokuhamba noMkhandlu. Kodwa-ke, uma ungazemukeli izinyathelo ezithile, ngesikhathi sokuphela komhlangano odlalayo ngaphambi kokuba izinkuni zifinyelela kokuqukethwe komswakama ka-16-20% (okungukuthi, kusukela lapho ungaqala khona umsebenzi wokuqeda), nawo akwazi ukuqhekeka futhi ekhubazekile.
Kungenzeka yini ukunciphisa inani lemifantu elakhiwe ngokhuni lapho lisoma?
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubonakala kwemifantu siphezulu kakhulu isilinganiso somswakama ngokhuni noma ukungalingani kwale nqubo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukunciphisa inani lokuqhekeka lapho yomisa izinkuni zomswakama wemvelo ngezindlela ezintathu. Owokuqala: Njengoba umswakama ugeleza eceleni komgqomo, kanye nobude bemicu, futhi udlula emaphethelweni, kufanele aphathwe ngezingoma ezikhethekile. Umphumela umswakama uzohamba kancane, ngoba ngeke uhambise imicu, kepha ikakhulukazi ngaphesheya, futhi imifantu izoba ngaphansi kakhulu. By the way, le ndlela isebenza ngokhuni olubekiwe. Okwesibili: Ukudalwa kwama-grooves wesinxephezelo angahlelwa zombili ngezansi nangaphezulu kwelogi noma ibha. Ukujula kwe-groove enjalo kucishe kube yi-1/10 Isibonelo, uma ububanzi be-log bungama-24 cm, yenza ama-grooves esinxephezelo ngokujula kwe-2,4 cm. Okwesithathu: Kunalokho hhayi indlela, kepha inqubo evumela ukuthi wena unciphise hhayi kuphela inani lokuqhekeka, kepha futhi nokuguqulwa komqhele wesiketi esivele sesikiwe. Iqiniso ukuthi abanye abanikazi bafaka esakhiweni esakhiwe ngokhuni olumanzi lwemvelo, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwalo. Abanye bazolinda unyaka owodwa (ngalesi sikhathi, indlu ye-log ihlala) bese ungena endlini kuphela ngemuva kokuphela kwemisebenzi yobunjiniyela nokuqeda. Kepha owokuqala, kanti owesibili aqala ngokushesha ukwakheka. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindawo ezingaphakathi kwezindonga zochubhu ziwomile kakhulu kunokudla kwangaphandle. Ama-Crown asontekile, akhungathekile futhi ambozwe imifantu. Endlini, lapho abanikazi behamba khona ngokushesha nje lapho bezokwakha, ukuguquguquka nokuqhekeka kuzoba mkhulu, kwathi kwenye, lapho behamba ngonyaka, ngaphansi. Kepha bayoba kunoma yikuphi. Ividiyo ye-Natural umswakama wezinto ezibonakalayo ilungiswa kancane kancane ku-Wood eyomile yokulawula: Ngonyaka owodwa kunowoma imvelo, kuphenduka ukufudumala ngonyaka, kodwa kumodi emnene ukuze izinga lokushisa lekamelo lingu-5-8 C. Bese Umuthi uyoma kancane, ngakho-ke ukuguquguquka kwesakhiwo kanye nenani lokuqhekeka ezingomeni zizoba ngaphansi. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlala endlini ngamazinga okushisa afanayo, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuhlola iqiniso lokuthi usethe ekhaya elisha hhayi eminyakeni emi-2. Uma kungekho ndlela yokuphuma futhi udinga ukuhlala kwenye indawo, uhlelo lokushisa kufanele lufakwe ekuqaleni kwesizini yokushisa bese kancane kancane khuphula izinga lokushisa endlini. Kuyadingeka futhi ukunakekela ukuhambisana nomswakama olawulayo kuleso sakhiwo (ngokusho kweSnip II-25-80 "Izakhiwo zokhuni", kufanele kube ngomoya omusha ongena emakameleni ngesikhathi somoya omncane, kuqukethe okuncane kakhulu umswakama.
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5. Izindlu ze-Log zokungena ngemvume kwesandla phakathi namakhulu eminyaka zizibonakalise zivela ohlangothini oluhle kakhulu. Kungenengekile ekuqubukeni kobuchwepheshe obusha obusha, umthamo wokwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo awushintshiwe.
6, 7. Njengekhulu eminyaka adlule, izingodo zomsiki wokusika zihlanzwa kusuka ku-cortex nge-rigine (6), bese kuthi ama-grooves kanye nezinkomishi ezixhumayo zenziwa kuzo ngembazo (7) noma i-tesla.
8. I-Log House iqoqwe ngaphambili efektri, bese ihlukaniselana futhi ithuthwe ikhasimende
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9. Ukufaka isiNorway: Kusetshenziswa ama-Fauces ngezindebe ze-self-adventure.
10. Isixazululo sanamuhla siyinhlanganisela yelog ngefreyimu yelogi. Kusebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-attic, i-veranda, ama-canopies ngenhla komnyango, ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Metal Shrinkate Rexcer.
11. Izingodo zokuhlanganisa nabafana.
12. Inketho edumile kusuka kokuhlukaniswa kwezindonga ze-log House: izingodo ezinde ezimboziwe zimbozwe ngentambo yokuhlobisa
Ngabe amasu ahlongozwayo asiza kuzo zonke izimo?
Iningi, kodwa ngeshwa, hhayi kukho konke. Imvamisa abantu bakha indlu yendlu yokuhlala yezinkathi ezithile futhi, ngokwenhloso yayo, khetha ubukhulu bezindonga. Lokhu kungaba, ngokwesibonelo, isakhiwo esivela embhalweni ojwayelekile, oqokiwe noma osikiwe ngezindonga ezinobukhulu obungu-140-150mm. Cabanga: egcekeni ekwindla, ukufudumeza kuyasebenza, endlini efudumele, ethokomele ... Muieyaeva inqume ukuhlala kuyo njalo. Kepha isakhiwo asibalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwabanikazi be-HOD ebusika bekunethezekile, baphoqeleka ukuba bazithathele ekhaya labo. Kodwa-ke, imodi yokushisa enjalo iyingozi enkulu yendlu yokhuni: Uma izinga lokushisa ngaphezulu kwephansi lingama-22 s, ngaphansi kophahla olungafinyelela ku-60 Vitog Wood endaweni yokushisa okuphakanyisiwe Ukubhoboza ophahleni kophahla kusuka kubashayayo bese kufika, futhi imishayo yokuqothula iphuma ezidlekeni zabo. I-Ao, kwenzekani ngemiqhele yodonga, angifuni ukukhuluma. Kwakudingeka noma ekuqaleni ukukhetha ubukhulu bezindonga ezihambelana nendawo yokuhlala unomphela, noma okokuqala banakekele ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwezindonga nokubheja, bese kuthi kuphela lapho bethatha isinqumo sokuhlala endlini ebusika.
Yini okudingeka uyenze ukuze indlu ye-log inikelwe ngokulinganayo futhi ngaphandle kokuqondisa?
Ngonyaka, ngenkathi indlu ye-log ihlala, ama-fronttones ahlupheka kakhulu kusuka ku-log noma ibha. Okokugcina, ngokungafani nezindonga zendlu, lapho uphahla khona kanye nemiqhele ngokweqile khona ebekwa khona, cishe ungazitholi imithwalo (babizwa ngokuthi ama-marpondon, ngoba baziphatha kuphela). Ama-Fronttones aphezulu ngakho-ke woma ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo ezithile, zizovela kubo noma i-design yonke ingagonywa. Ukugwema lokhu, ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwezinkuni, kuyadingeka ukuhambisa ochwepheshe ukuqapha isakhiwo. Isibonelo, inkampani yethu inikezela amakhasimende ayo ukuthi aphethe isivumelwano senkonzo yasekhaya ngalesi sikhathi. Izindleko zesilinganiso esinjalo sama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16. Kuya ngohlobo lwesakhiwo nobukhulu bayo. Ngale mali, inkontileka ihlinzeka ngokuhamba okungenani okune entweni ethile (uma udinga wonke ama-brigade). Kuzoshintshwa ukuze kulungiswe ama-jacks anamathiselwe kuma-racks, futhi abuye asuse iketanga ngaphambili kwamaketanga (ahlolwe kwizimbobo ze-15x15cm, ezihlotshiswe nge-skaters) (Okuhlelwe kuma-rhy-bolts ahlelwe odongeni). Kuzothatha lokhu ngokufaneleka okulula ukuze ukwazi ukucija izingxenye zokwakhiwa komqhele womqhele, ngaphandle kokubapha.
Ingxenye 3. Izindlu ezenziwe ngokhuni olugcotshwe
I-Semen Goglev, inhloko ye- "NLK Domostrolation" (Iqembu lezinkampani "Imali"
Ngabe izindlu ezinobungane bemvelo ezivela ezihlahleni eziqinile?
Izinkuni ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezingodo ezigcotshwe - impahla inobungane imvelo, futhi lokhu akubangeli ukungabaza. Kodwa-ke, ngemvelo ye-glue, ehlanganisa i-lamella yokhuni, ukungabaza okuningi. Kuzwakala kanjani lezi zisolo? Mhlawumbe maqondana ne-glued bruster, eyenziwe eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, zinjalo. Kepha kuzona sonke lesi sikhathi, amasistimu wokunamathela athuthukiswa, futhi izinketho zana zesimanje azinakho lutho olufana nalezo - izinamathela kokuqala. Namuhla sebenzisa amasistimu amahlanu aphambili anama-adhesive akhiqizwa ukukhathazeka okuholayo kwamakhemikhali emhlabeni jikelele. Zonke lezi zinama ezine zihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zaseYurophu zokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde futhi zibhekisele ekilasini le-E1. Iningi labakhiqizi bezinkuni ezigcotshwe (kubo bonke, kunzima, kunzima ukuceba) okungokwezifiso ezinjalo ezinama-eco-friendly. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-2, kuzovela nezinhlelo ezithuthukile kakhulu ezinamathela okunama-adhesive, ezizohambelana neklasi le-E0 (lezi zinhlobo zezinkambiso zokwethula eYurophu), futhi abakhiqizi basekhaya kuzofanele baye kulokhu kunamathela. Bheka inkinga kusuka endaweni ehlukile yokubuka. Ukumiswa kwebha eligcotshwe, umthamo wezendlalelo ezinamathela uma uqhathaniswa nevolumu yokhuni akunalutho. Ngasikhathi sinye, cishe wonke umthungo wokunamathela ufihliwe ekujuleni kwemikhiqizo - kuphela imichilo emihle kunazo zonke etholakala emaphethelweni e-bar angaphandle. Ngakho-ke, indawo evulekile yesendlalelo esinamathela, lapho kungakhishwa khona izinto eziyingozi, ezincane kakhulu. I-Plywood egadiwe (lokhu okusetshenziswayo kusetshenziswa endaweni yonke njengekholiloni yokubeka i-parquet) okuningi okuningi, kepha ngasizathu simbe kuthi akekho okhumbula ukucwaninga kwawo. Kwesinye isikhathi yonke into ijwayele ukusetshenziswa kwefenisha kusuka ku-chipboard, lapho okuqukethwe izinto ezingaba yingozi ziphakeme kakhulu kunasePlywood. Ibha ekhathele impahla iphephile kakhulu kunabo bobabili, kanti elinye iphuzu lokubuka limane nje liyinganekwane. Ukuqala ukudiliva kwemikhiqizo yayo eJapan, manje sesivele sikwazi ukuqinisekisa amazinga aseJapan. Ngokusho kwemibiko, izinga lokuphuma kwe-formaldehyde ekhiweni yethu ekhazimulayo kuphela lidlula ngemuva kwesizinda semvelo sale nto ehlathini.
Izindonga ezivela kubha elicebile "Ukuphefumula" njengodonga kusuka ku-log?
Kungaphikiswa ukuthi ibha eligqoziwe ligcina zonke izakhiwo ezinhle zokhuni. Lapho imanzi kakhulu, ithola umswakama, futhi lapho womile kakhulu - unikeza. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuthukuthela kweglue akuqinile, kepha kumelela uhlobo lwe-mesh lwamaconsi. Njengoba izifundo zozakwethu abaseFinland zikhombisile, ngamunye onjalo wokunamathela okunama-adhesive ukhawulela ukubheja komoya ngaphandle kwe-15%. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibha elikhanyiwe ligcina amandla esihlahla ukuze "aphefumule", yize kungenjalo ngokuphelele.
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13. Enye yezinzuzo ze-glued Hooter yinto elula yokuqeda: kuyagaya (uma kunesidingo esinjalo), bese kuba nesabelo esiningi sokwakheka okuhlobisayo, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuthungwa kwesihlahla.
14. Lapho kudala ukushelela emizini, imishayo egcwele ivame ukusetshenziswa.
15. Ukukhishwa komqhele kusuka ku-glued ugodo, njengomthetho, kuqiniswa ngamatshe ensimbi.
16. Ukuxhunyaniswa ekhoneni komqhele kusuka ku-glued burber akunakuba kuphela ngezinsalela, kodwa futhi nase-paw. Ngokusho kwabakhiqizi abaningi nabathengi, inketho yokugcina izokhanyisa ngokushesha okukhulu.
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17. Ibha ecatshangelwe eyenziwe ngohlelo lwaseJalimane, i-complec eqhubekayo kanye "nezindawo ezizimele" zomqhele zinikeza "okunamandla" ama-trapezoidal grooves kanye nama-ridges.
18. Ibha ekhathele, ecubungulwa ngaphansi kwe-log eyindilinga, yisisombululo sokuyekethisa kulabo abacishe babe nama-bruschers aphansi bakhetha izindawo ezifakiwe ze-log yendabuko.
19, 20. Iphrofayili yesimo sebha ekhathele (19) kanye nezinkomishi ezixhumayo (20), ezenziwe ngohlelo lwesiFinnish. E-cavity phakathi kwezimbambo ezingenhla, kubekwa uphawu uphawu lwe-Ribbon
Ngokuvamile kuthiwa izingodo eziqinile ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziqale ukuvela, futhi "ukwelashwa" indlu enjalo kunzima kakhulu. Kungenzeka yini?
Mina uqobo bekufanele ngigcine ama-glue imisebe emikhawulweni yebha, embule ukujula okungama-50cm (yize kungaphathelene nemikhiqizo yenkampani yethu). Kepha ukuze amaLamel agoqa bonke ubude - angikaze ngikubone lokhu futhi angikaze ngizwe ngakho. Indlela yokulungiswa kweziphetho eziveziwe inzima kakhulu, ngoba idinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-glue akhethekile kanye nemishini yokuhleleka. Ungaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi akukho okuzokwenzeka ekhaya lakho? Dinga ukuthi umenzi ukhombisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuhlelwa kabusha (kwenziwa bonke abakhiqizi abahamba phambili baka-Glied Perber, futhi inkampani yethu nayo iyakwenza). Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza isivivinyo esinjalo. Ubudlelwano nesampula eliqine kakhulu lezingodo ligxiliswa ku-autoclave. Lapho, "kubilisiwe" ngaphansi kwengcindezi, bese kudluliselwa kwikhabethe lokumisa futhi kubhekwa yilokho okwenzeka ngemishini yokunamathela. Ukhuni lwesampula lungaqhekeka, kepha ama-seam ama-glue kumele aqhubeke nenombolo. I-batch ngayinye ye-glued somber ibophekile ukuthi idlule leli khono.
Yibuphi ububanzi obulungele ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zezwe esifundeni saseMoscow?
Ukuqinisekisa izimo zokuphila ezintofontofo, ukushuba kwezindonga zokhuni zendlu kufanele okungenani kube ngu-160mm. Namuhla, imakethe yethulwe ku-Glued Timber ezikhulukazi kakhulu i-200mm, futhi amakhono obuchwepheshe benkampani yethu enza ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izingodo ezinobukhulu obungu-240mm. Endlini yezwe esifundeni saseMoscow sebha lobubanzi obunjalo, kwanele futhi akunakufakwa okwengeziwe kwezindonga ezizodingeka. Uma uqhathanisa izindlu ezimbili - kusuka ku-glied ugodo futhi ususiwe, ngobukhulu obufanayo bezindonga, owokuqala uzofudumala kakhulu kunowesibili ngenxa yobubanzi obukhulu benqubekela phambili. Kepha ubukhulu bodonga akuyona inkomba eyinhloko: Ukushisa okugeleza kuzo kungu-1/3 kuphela ukulahleka kokushisa okuphelele kwesakhiwo. Cishe ukushisa okungu-1/3 kulahlekile ophahleni (kuvame ukupriction), ikakhulukazi ngezakhiwo ze-attic. Ekugcineni, omunye u-1/3 wokushisa angadlula esisekelo. Kusho ukuthi ikhwalithi yokufakelwa kophahla kanti ingaphansi elingaphansi libaluleke kakhulu kunobukhulu bezindonga. Kunemininingwane ehlukile mayelana nokuchitha i-sediment yendlu kusuka kubha ekhathele: Ngokubona, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi ayihlali phansi noma ihlala ku-1-3%. Yini usayizi wangempela we-sediment? Ibha ekhanyiwe ihlala cishe nge-1.5% - lesi yinkomba ephakathi. Njengoba sinikeza ibha, lapho uLamella ngamunye womiswa khona ekuqukethwe komswakama ngo-12% (ngokhuni olunjalo, kufanele ahlanganiswe ngokhuni), i-whid shrinkage ngenxa yokomiswa kwayo. Ngokubona kwami, ukubekwa uphawu kwama-grooves kanye nokhuni oluncane ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo luthinteka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, usayizi we-sediment ngokuvamile uncike kakhulu ngokunemba kokwenza ama-grooves kanye nesizini yomhlangano wesizini, noma kunalokho, ukuthi ingaphezulu kwebha likhishwe ngesikhathi sokwakha. Ukudoti okuncane kakhulu kungenye yezimpawu ezikhangayo kakhulu zendlu ka-glued. Akunasidingo sokulinda unyaka owodwa kuze kube yilapho indlu ihleli, bese iqala khona ukuphela kwayo. Lapho nje umhlangano usuqediwe, ungapenda izindonga ngaphandle nangaphakathi bese usibeka ekhaya elisha. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ngemuva kwezidakamizwa, ngeke kudingeke ukuba zigcine: Njenganoma iyiphi indlu yamapulangwe, kuzofanela ulawule ama-jacks we-IT.D. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isihlahla (akunandaba, siqinile) siyinto ephilayo, futhi esizini sinye sizolahlekelwa umswakama, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuze sizuze, bese indlu ye-log "izokhula." Njenganoma yisiphi isakhiwo sokhuni, endlini enamapulangwe acwebezelayo, kungahle kube khona imiqhele (ngokwesibonelo, ebusika, lapho umswakama wezindawo zangaphandle nezingaphakathi zodonga ziyehluka izikhathi eziningana). Kepha izindonga ze-glued timber ziholela kakhulu kunabanye - lokhu kuphazanyiswa yizinhlanganisela ze-puzzle ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingaphansi zebha.
Ngabe udinga ibhodi yokulwa nocezu lwamapulangwe aluhlaza?
Ibhodi lokulahla yinto yezobuchwepheshe edingekayo kunoma iyiphi indlu yamapulangwe, noma ngohlaka. Ivimba indlela yomswakama, ekhuphuka isisekelo capillars. Leli bhodi lifakwa ngaphansi komqhele ophansi wokusika esibalweni esinjalo ukuze, noma ngabe ligaya, lingashintshwa, kepha odongeni oluphambili ngeke lubhekane. Ubukhulu obufanele balesi sakhi bungu-50mm. Ukuze iBhodi "liphile" isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ungqimba lokungena kwamanzi lubekwe ngaphansi kwalo. Ibhodi lokulahla lenziwa livela ku-larch, noma lisuka e-spruce noma ephayini, elifakwe ezinombolweni ze-antiseptic. Akusabise ukube leli bhodi lizoqukatha inani elikhuphukayo lamakhemikhali, - kepha imiqhele yokuphumula kuyo ayikwazi ukuphathwa njengokusebenza kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwebhodi lokulayini, njengomthetho, embozwe nge-tint.
Sinesibindi sezingodo ezivela ku-log noma ilogi lomswakama wemvelo, ukuqinisa ama-wints ngokuqondile futhi uvikele ukusonteka kwawo. Ingabe i-adle yama-log amakhabethe avela ku-glued bar adinga?
Okokushisa komthombo womswakama wemvelo wezinkuni, kuyisidingo esiphuthumayo. Kepha ezindlini ezivela ezihlahleni ezihluphekile, azidingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Iqiniso ngukuthi izingodo ezihlanjululwe zikhiqizwa ngokucushwa okubili okuyinhloko. Ingxenye ebheke phezulu yohlelo lwesiFinnish ingamapulatifomu amabili amahle asezingeni eliphakeme, futhi ezansi - izimbambo ezimbili, lapho kuhlangana khona indlu phakathi kwazo, kufakwa i-sealant ephakathi kwabo. Ibha yohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yiJalimane uhlelo oluvela phezulu nangaphansi luhlome ngama-grooves kanye nama-crests. Lapho ukwakhiwa kusuka kubha yohlelo lwesiFinnish kudwetshwe, futhi lapho usebenzisa isiJalimane - ngaphandle kwawo, ngomgomo, ungakwenza, njengoba ama-grooves kanye nama-grooves amaningi ngeke avumele umqhele ukuba uvume ukunyakaza.
Ingxenye 4. Izindlu zozimele
USergey Tsygamenko, uMongameli we-NP "Association of the Technologies Daild Technologies Sip"
Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kabanzi eRussia eRussia?
Zonke ubuchwepheshe obukhona namuhla zingahlukaniswa ngohlaka nephaneli. I-KarkaSny kufanele ifake noma yiziphi izinketho, ngokuhambisana nohlaka lwamandla kuqala ezakhiwe khona, kufaka phakathi i-Overlaps kanye nokwakhiwa kophahla (ngokwesibonelo, i-Skeleton "ekhaya kuncishisiwe futhi kufakwe. Amaphaneli abaliwe angafakwa ubuchwepheshe obubili - Uhlaka lwefreyimu nephaneli. Owokuqala kwalezi zinketho usho umhlangano wabasebenzi abanolwazi ngqo ngohlaka lohlaka lohlaka lweminyaka yokhuni evuniwe, isembozo sazo kusuka ngaphandle, ngesibonelo amatshe e-chipstones (esp), kanye nezigaba Ukudalwa kohlaka lohlaka lwendlu yozimele, okuleso sikhathi okufakwe khona, vikela ngamafilimu we-parobaric, aqede.p.p. Cishe ngendlela efanayo, izinhlaka zohlaka zenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto ze-LSTK. Uhlobo lwejubane eliphezulu kakhulu lwalobu buchwepheshe basebenzisa izinhlaka zohlaka ezenziwe ezimweni zefekthri. Ngokwalo mgomo, kukhethwa ukwakha izindlu, athi, eJapan naseCanada: Okokuqala dala uhlaka lwendlu, futhi ukufakwa kwalo kwenziwa vele ngaphansi kophahla. Khuphula izinga lokwakhiwa kwebhokisi lendlu livumela inketho yesibili - Iphaneli yephaneli: Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sitshalo sakha ukufudunyezwa futhi sinqunywe nhlangothi zombili zephaneli. Njengomthetho, ama-autofoots abo alethwa endaweni yokwakha lapho kwakhiwa khona isakhiwo ezinsukwini kanye nokwenziwa kophahla. Izinhlobo eziningi zephaneli ngokwengeziwe ubuchwepheshe bephaneli yindawo okuthiwa yi-modular. Ezimweni zokuphasa, sebevele bakha i-No Panel, kepha izingxenye zendlu, ezihlanganiswe nenye yendawo yokwakha. Ngenxa yalokho, ibhokisi lokwakha lifakwa emahoreni ambalwa. Ngale ndlela, kufana kakhulu nokwakha, ngokwesibonelo, e-USA, futhi ezweni lethu le nketho akukakakabi.
Ubalule i-LSTK. Yini?
Muva nje, izitshalo eziningi zivele ezweni lethu, eliveza ngempumelelo izinto zosayizi abanembe kakhulu amafreyimu ahlanganayo avela embonini yensimbi ekhanyayo (LSTK). Cishe iminyaka emi-2 edlule, ifektri yavula eTver. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izinsuku eziyi-10 bathengise ngenethiwekhi yezitolo ezinkulu ezingaba ngu-100 izingxenye zezingxenye zamagaraji. Ngabasebenzi abazimele, bekuthakazelisa ukuthatha isethi ethengiwe emotweni yabo yabagibeli, bese uqoqa igaraji ngokuya ngemiyalo esetshenzisiwe. Ukuze uthole igalaji noma indlu encane yengadi, lokhu kwamukelekile impela. Kepha kaningi kufanele uzwe izinsolo zokuthi noma yimuphi umthengi angathenga iqoqo lezinto ze-LSTK zekhaya lakho cishe kunoma yisiphi isikwele futhi ngokuzimela zihlangane. Izitatimende ezinjalo azingithandi kakhulu. Indlu iyisakhiwo sobunjiniyela esiyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe kufanele bakhe. Umhlangano Wezengozi weNdlu esemthethweni "we-DIY" nanoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe bokwakha kwalo engicabanga ukuthi akwamukeleki ngokuphelele.
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21. Izindlu zozimele azikaze zithokozelwe isikhathi eside ngokufunwa kakhulu, yize abathengi basemakhaya bangaphambilini bakhetha izitini, ngokhuni noma ngokhonkolo. Shintsha okuncamelayo kwamakhasimende akhona enza ubunzima bezomnotho.
22, 23. I-TOOM kusuka kumaphaneli we-SIP angadalwa, kusetshenziswa amaphaneli afanayo we-sandwich, kepha kuvunyelwe ukukwenza kube yi-Classic - i-rafter (22). Amaphaneli angena kwisiza sokwakha akhona ngisho nefomu elingunxantathu (23)
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24, 25. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwakhiwa kohlaka: Okokuqala dala ukugqagqana, bese kuthi kuyo, njengasepulatifomu, ukufaka izinhlaka zamaphaneli odonga (25), ngemuva kwalokho inqubo echazwe iphindwayo ngokuphelele (24).
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26, 27. Amaphaneli we-sandwich, noma amaphaneli we-SIP, angasetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezinhlaka zombili zodonga nezincane (26), kanye nokuhlinzekwa (28), ngaphambi kokubeka abakhiqizi ababoshwe ngokuqinile ngamaphaneli odonga.
28, 29. Izinto ezinamakhanda ezinsimbi ezincane zilethwa esakhiweni sokwakha ngendlela yamaphrofayili ngamanye noma aqoqwe ngohlaka lwamafreyimu. Okokuqala, umhlangano wendlu uhamba kancane, kepha inqubo yokwakha i-Lstk efektri iyashesha
Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obukhulume ngawo buthembisa ngokwengeziwe futhi kuyasiza kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kokonga isikhathi nemali?
Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwendlu ephansi kakhulu kuthandwa kakhulu, noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obukhulunyiwe, uma kusebenza kahle futhi kubiza kakhulu, kuthandwe futhi, kusho ukuthembisa. Manje ngezomnotho. Konke kuncike ezimeni zasendaweni: ngokwesibonelo, angangena ngokushesha iloli namaphaneli kanye ne-autockonta Plot, kukhona indawo yokugcina amaphaneli we-IT. Inani lesikhathi esifanayo ngaphansi kwezindlu zokwakha lithinta uhlangothi lwezomnotho lwenkinga. Uma wakhe isakhiwo esisodwa, ukuwina okuvela ezindleleni zejubane eliphezulu ngeke kube kubaluleke kakhulu. Kepha uma sikhuluma ngokwakhiwa okuhlangene komuzi ngezindlu, okwakhelwe kubuchwepheshe obubodwa, empeleni, kuyazuzisa kakhulu ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo eqediwe eyenziwe endaweni yokusebenzela eyenziwe. Kepha ngaphandle kwalolu lubhalwe, kunobunye ubuchwepheshe besimanje obungenakulingana nokuhlukaniswa okuhlongozwayo. Nguye, ngombono wami wokuthi kuyazuzisa ukusebenzisa kunoma yiliphi amacala acatshangelwe. Lona ngumhlangano wendlu ovela kumaphaneli we-SIP asetshenziswa yinkampani yethu. Amaphaneli we-SIP (kusuka esiNgisini. Iphaneli elifakwe i-Engleral Inxed - "Iphaneli Ehlelwe Ngaphansi Kokuvikelwa Kwezinhlaka") - Le yipaneli le-sandwich eliqukethe amapuleti amabili aqukethe ama-OSB-3 anobukhulu be-10-15mm), phakathi kwawo Ungqimba lwe-polystyrere floaming ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-PSB Ewugqinsi lwe-100-150mm. Iphaneli ngalinye likhweshwe ngemigoqo yokhuni, ububanzi obuhambisana nobukhulu be-polystyrene. Lapho kuxhuma amaphaneli, kwakhiwa uhlaka olunzima lwezinkuni ngebhokisi lendlu. Okugcina lapho kukhona ama-diagonal Bonds - I-Diagonals iyakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo obaluleke kakhulu. Wonke amaphaneli asekhaya (ngokunembile, isakhiwo sasendlini esidingekayo emhlanganweni waso) senziwa emimo yefekthri ngokubekezelelana nge-1.5mm. Endaweni yokwakha kukhona kuphela umhlangano wabo ngaphandle kokusebenza kwemishini noma ukuqeda. Kungashiwo ukuthi lokhu kungukucabanga okuthile kwendlu kusuka ezintweni ezinjenge- "Lego". Kuyindlela yokwakha namuhla ingenye yejubane eliphezulu kakhulu nokunemba okuphezulu.
Ngabe lizuzisa kangakanani lobu buchwepheshe obuvela endaweni yezomnotho?
Sifunda ngokucophelela imakethe kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo oluhlukahlukene lokubonisana. B2011 Ochwepheshe benkampani yethu bafakwe eJalimane ngokukhethekile, lapho bavakashele khona imibukiso futhi bafunda imiklamo yamaphaneli we-sandwich akhiqizwayo, futhi, njengomthetho, ebiza kakhulu. UVitoga baphaphetha ukuthi ezimweni eziningi lawa "pies" agqibelwe ama-Russian amukelekile kancane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, sinikeza amaphaneli we-sandwich elula futhi ashibhile nge-polystyrere Foam ka 140mm obukhulu, okulingana ezicini zabo zokonga ukushisa kwe-Brickwork ngobukhulu be-2m. Wezinto ezenziwe emaphaneli anjalo, cishe "ama-house-thermos" ayakhiwa, ngaphakathi kwezimo ezintofontofo ezakhiwa kusetshenziswa ukufudumala komoya noma uhlelo lokushisa kwamanzi okujwayelekile, kuthambekele ekuvutheni komoya okujwayelekile). Izindleko ze-1m2 zesakhiwo esinjalo sokuqeda zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-18. - Akubizi. Ngiya empuphule ngokwengeziwe ukunciphisa intengo ye-1m2. B2012 Ukwethulwa kwezitshalo ezintathu zokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ze-OSB-3 eRussia ngasikhathi sinye: Dok "Kalevala" Ngakho-ke, amapuleti e-OSB-3 asetshenziswe namuhla, akhiqizwa ePoland, eCzech Republic, eCanada naseMelika naseMelika, sihlela ukufaka esikhundleni semikhiqizo efanayo yasekhaya. Lokhu kuzonciphisa izindleko zesakhiwo sasendlini nge-15-30%. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngosizo lwalesi (ubuchwepheshe obushibhile obushibhile) ekugcineni bazokwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezindlu iningi labantu ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni amancane.