Izindlu ezingapheli ukuthi abameli babiza izinto zokwakha okungapheli, zivela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Yiziphi izinkinga eziphakamayo lapho ubhalisa, umshuwalense futhi uthenge lezo "zimikhiqizo eziqediwe"?
Izindlu ezingapheli ukuthi abameli babiza izinto zokwakha okungapheli, zivela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Yiziphi izinkinga eziphakamayo lapho ubhalisa, umshuwalense futhi uthenge lezo "zimikhiqizo eziqediwe"?
Sakhele futhi singapheli ...
Ukwakha - isikhathi eside, kubiza kakhulu futhi kuhlale kuhlotshaniswa nenqubo yengozi. Ngaphambi kokuphela kwayo, indlu empeleni imele umklami, iqoqo lezinto zokwakha. Ayikho incazelo yezomthetho engenakuphikiswa evela entweni yokwakhiwa okungapheli. Eqinisweni, lokhu kutholakala esakhiweni esithile sendawo yezakhiwo esithile esithengiswayo, ukwakhiwa kwako okumisiwe (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali nokusekelwa kokudla), futhi ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala kokuqokwa, akunakwenzeka. Into enjalo inezici eziningi, ikakhulukazi, akufanele kube yisivumelwano senkontileka yamanje yenkontileka yokwakha. Uma nje inkontileka yokwakha isasebenza (ngokwesibonelo, ayiphelelwa yisikhathi), ngeke kwenzeke ukubhalisa ubunikazi bayo bezezakhiwo. Lowo onqume ukuthengisa indlu engapheli kuyodingeka aqede inkontileka. Uma ithuba elinjalo lalinganikezwanga futhi libhalwe kusengaphambili, usonkontileka unelungelo lokufaka izinhlawulo ezithile.Kungenxa yokungaqiniseki okusemthethweni ukuthi isimo singase sivele lapho indlu yokhuni ingathengiswa njengento yezakhiwo zangempela, kepha njengeqoqo lezinto zokwakha noma ngokujwayelekile njengezinkuni zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, emcabangweni we- "Sondela" okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuxhumana okungahlukani kwasemhlabeni, lapho kumi khona izindlu ezitolo ezinjalo. Uma isiza sineveni yokwakha (esifuywayo) esisekelweni se-block, esingadluliselwa kwenye insimu, asisondelani.
Ngabe izizathu zokumisa ukwakhiwa? Vele, ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga okungapheli. Kuyinto eyodwa uma abanikazi bengabali amandla abo noma bashintshe izimo. Isibonelo, sanquma ukuthuthela kwelinye idolobha, sathenga isakhiwo esihlukile noma saphelelwa yimali yendawo yokwakha (lokhu kwenzeka kaningi). Indlu eyakha okwenziwayo ingafunwa ngenxa yenhlekelele yemvelo (yisho, izikhukhula). Imvamisa, umthengisi, nomthengi ahlela izinketho ezinjalo lapho ikhefu lokwakha lihlotshaniswa nokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo noma ngezici zobuchwepheshe zokwakhiwa kwezindlu (ngokwesibonelo, kuthatha isikhathi ukuncipha isisekelo). Kepha izizathu ezithengiswayo zingenye: ngokwesibonelo, abathengisi abasathandi iphrojekthi lapho indlu yakhiwa khona. Uma kunjalo ukuthi bazalwa ingane, futhi ikhaya lezingane alinikeziwe, kungenzeka ukuthi alibalulekanga kakhulu kumthengi ongaba khona. Kepha uma inkinga ukuthi indlu engapheli ihlala iningi lendawo futhi ayikwazi ngisho nokuhamba nayo, ubunzima kungenzeka lapho bedayisa okungaphelele. Isimo esinjalo singenzeka: Indlu icishe yakhiwa, kepha ukushiyeka okuthile sekutholakele, okuthe xaxa. Othandweni, ukuhlola ukuthengwa okungenzeka, kufanelekile ukuba ufunde izizathu zokuthengiswa okungapheli.
Uma into yokwakhiwa okungaphelele ukunikeza isimo sezomthetho, ingathengiswa noma iqashelwe, ukuyisebenzisa njengendaba yesibambiso lapho kuthi ukuxhumana nebhange imalimboleko (ngisho nendlu engafanele ingaphezu kwezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo ekwakhiweni kwayo). Kungaba futhi (futhi kudingekile) kuvikela ukuvikela ama-cataclysms emvelo nasezenzweni ezinhloso noma ezingakhathali zabantu besithathu.
Ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, ukubekelela noma usebenzise indlu yethulwe njengento, udinga ukudlula inqubo yokubhaliswa kombuso kwamalungelo kuyo.
Isimo esisha
Ubunikazi bento yokwakhiwa okungapheli kufanele bubhaliswe, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kwenzeke ukwenza ukuthengiselana nakho. "Umkhiqizo osuqediwe" ungabhaliswa kwirejista yombuso ohlanganisiwe wezinto zokuhlela edolobheni.
Ngokuya ngomthetho we-Federal "ekubhalisweni kombuso kwamalungelo ezindawo ezithengiswayo kanye nokuthengiselana naye" ukubhalisa ubunikazi bento yokwakhiwa okungapheli, le mibhalo elandelayo iyadingeka:
Ngakho-ke, wonke amaphepha adingekayo adluliswa ekubhaliseni. Emva kwalokho, inhlangano ekhiqiza inelungelo lesisekelo sedokhumenti equkethe incazelo yento ethengiswayo, kanye nemibhalo ye-Design Record ukuhlola ukuhambisana nendawo yokwakhiwa okungapheli kwale dokhumenti. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kungafaki ukubhaliswa kwezakhiwo zendawo yonke, kanye nokuthola izindawo zokwakha lapho kubhekwa khona amazinga amadolobha nemithetho nama-slips. Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sobhaliso, yonke imithwalo yalo futhi ziphansi kwazo zombili izinduna (ngokwesibonelo, njengokuhlinzekwa, ukubolekwa kwemali, ukuphathwa kwempahla, ukuqashwa, ukuboshwa kwe-IDR impahla), ngoba ukwakhiwa okungapheli kungenzeka kube yinto sesibambiso.
Imvamisa, abanikazi be-UNDINGS abaphuthumi ukuyibhalisa. Isizathu salokhu, njengomthetho, yisifiso sokusindisa hhayi ukukhokha intela yezezakhiwo. Vele, akekho umuntu ongakwenza ubhalise ngendlela ebekiwe engakakulungeli ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kwenzeke ukuhlela ukubhaliswa kwabaqashi "ngomkhiqizo oqediwe".
Uma ukwakhiwa kuphinde kwakhiwa ngemuva kokubhaliswa okuyisisekelo kwelungelo lobunikazi, ngesisekelo semibhalo emisha yezobuchwepheshe yesikhungo esivumelwe kwirejista efanelekile yerejista yamalungelo nokuthengiselana nge Kwenza izinguquko. Uma kwenzeka, icala aliyeki ukuba khona kwalo, futhi into egcwalisiwe ingaphansi kokubhaliswa kombuso.
Engaqediwe - lokhu kungenye yezindawo ezithengiswayo emhlabeni othile, okungenakwenzeka ukuhambisa ngaphandle kokubandlulula lapho uya khona. Akunakuba isihloko senkontileka yamanje yenkontileka yokwakha.
Umshuwalense we-UNDITY
Ukwakha kuhlale kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ethile. Ngakho-ke, ayikho indlela engcono yokuvikela imali yakho kunokuvikela indawo yokwakha. Iningi labashushizo lilungele ukuphetha isivumelwano kunoma yisiphi isigaba - kusuka ekushayeleni izinto zokwakha ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwendlu (kuze kube isikhathi sewaranti sekhwalithi yomsebenzi).Lapho uphetha isivumelwano sobungozi bokwakha nokufaka, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akuyona nje into yokwakha engapheli uqobo, kodwa futhi okulandelayo:
Ingxenye ephoqelekile yesivumelwano somshuwalense yingozi enjengejwayelekile (umlilo, ukuqhuma, ukuwa kwesigameko, izinhlekelele zemvelo, amaphutha ezokufakwa ekwakhiweni (amaphutha ezokufakwa, amanethiwekhi okufakwa ngengozi , inhlabathi yembewu, izikhukhula zamanzi aphansi komhlaba, ziwe noma zilimaze izinto ezakha ukwakhiwa, ukushiyeka kwephrojekthi). Ungase futhi uqinisekise isikweletu sosonkontileka sosonkontileka phambi kwabantu besithathu nezibopho zewaranti ezivelele. Emcimbini, ukubuyiselwa kwemali kuncike kumonakalo odalwe ngokufa noma ukulimala kwento eyakhiwe, uma bekungumphumela wokushiyeka okwenziwe ekuqalisweni kokwakhiwa nokuthuma, ukukhomiswa noma iwaranti noma kusebenza ngesikhathi sezibopho zewaranti ezizayo .
Ekugcineni, lapho uphetha inkontileka yomshuwalense, kuyadingeka ukunaka inani lomshuwalense. Imvamisa, lapho kufakwa into yokwakhiwa okungapheli, inani lomshuwalense lisungulwa ngenani le-Project (elinganiselwa) izindleko zendlu, futhi ngesikhathi somshuwalense wemishini yokwakha kanye nemishini - ngenani lenani langempela langempela.
Ukuthola isitifiketi sokubhaliswa kombuso kwendlu "Semi-Fabric", kuyadingeka ukuthi uzungu lwezwe lwenzelwe ukwakhiwa kwezindlu
Sithenga "Imikhiqizo Eqediwe"
Kuyakufanele futhi ukulinganisa iphrojekthi yendlu uma ingxenye eyakhiwe ingavumeli ukuthola umbono wokuthi umphumela uzoba kanjani. Ukuthola isizathu sokuthengisa. Uma kunezinkinga ngokwakhiwa, ngenxa yokuthi umnikazi wokuqala wenqaba ukuletha ekugcineni, ungathola umthwalo wangempela ngokuphelele.
Naka izindleko zokungaqediwe. Intengo iqukethe izindleko zesakhiwo, ezokuxhumana, izinto zokwakha kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwe ngesikhathi sokuthengisa. Umthengisi kuzofanele anciphise inani lentengo uma umthengi engenalo isakhiwo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthekelisa kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza yokwakha.
Lapho uphetha isivumelwano sokuthengiswa kwento yokwakhiwa okungaphelele kobunzima obukhethekile, kuvame ukungaveli. Kubalulekile ukubheka okulandelayo:
Ukufingqa, siyaphawula ukuthi ukuthenga indlu engapheli kungazuzisa kakhulu uma yonke imibhalo ihlelekile, akukho ukungqubuzana neziphathimandla zasekhaya nezinkinga nge-Engineering kanye nezokuxhumana kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlola ngokucophelela nokubonisana kochwepheshe emkhakheni wokwakha kuzokusiza uthenge "indlu yamaphupho akho aqediwe.