Ukusetshenziswa kwe-traffic jam ekuqedeni kwendlu bese efulethini akusamangali. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwendlu yezwe kuyicala. Ingabe ukufakwa okususelwa kokufakwa kwezinye izimo zokusebenza kweRussia?
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-traffic jam ekuqedeni kwendlu bese efulethini akusamangali. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwendlu yezwe kuyicala. Ingabe ukufakwa okususelwa kokufakwa kwezinye izimo zokusebenza kweRussia?
Muva nje, olunye uhlobo lokufakwa okunjalo okuvele emakethe yasekhaya - ipulaki, ngokunembile, i-cork aglomerate. Kuyena, kanye nokwakhiwa kwendlu yezwe nendawo eyi-105m2, efakwe yi-cork agglomerate, ukulandisa kwethu okuqhubekayo kuyothathwa. Asodno, sizozama ukuthola ukuthi kubiza kakhulu kangakanani ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esisebenzisa lesi silawuli se-eco.
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Isisekelo sendlu iyi-ribbon efuya kancane. Ngedivayisi yayo, abahloli ngokujula kwe-80cm, badala umcamelo wesihlabathi ngokukhulu kuka-20cm. Okulandelayo, emikhondweni, kwafakwa ifomu lezinkuni, amabhodi awo ambozwe nge-rubberoid (1) ukuze ukhonkolo ayizange inamathele kubo. I-ProActory yabeka uhlaka lokuqiniswa (2), nakulezo zindawo lapho kufanele kukhiqizwe khona amateyipu, izingxenye zamapayipi akhulile. Lapho-ke izimbambo ngokwazo zaphonswa kukhonkolo we-M300 (3).
Ukudalwa Kwephrojekthi
Unentshisekelo yokufakelwa okusha, abanikazi besikhathi esizayo banquma ukuyisebenzisa ekwakhiweni kwendlu ende ehlelelwe yizwe. UJuda, umdwebo wendlu wawadonsela, ngokusekelwe kulokhu, hhayi kuphela ekubukeni komndeni wakubo, kodwa futhi nangesibalo sokuza kwezihlobo nezihlobo.
Ngokusho kwalesi sketch, ochwepheshe bakhiqize isakhiwo esalungiswa esisebenzayo. Kucatshangelwe izifiso zabanikazi maqondana nezinto zokwenziwa kohlaka kanye neplanilo yalo, kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe bokwakha, ezinqunywe ukusetshenziswa kweCork Agglomerate (Isinyathelo sohlaka sohlaka sasingekho I-60cm, njengenjwayelo, kanye nama-50 cm, alingana nobubanzi bamapuleti akwa-plin agglomerale). Kungani kwakhethwa lokhu kwafakwa?
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Ukopela kwendlu engaphansi kwenziwa ngebha ngesigaba esisezingeni eliphakeme se-150x150 mm. Ama-lags ayenziwa emgqonyeni ka-150x100 mm (4), ahlenge ngobude ngaphezulu kwezimbobo zesisekelo (5). Zonke izingxenye zokhuni zacutshungulwa yi-antiseptic.
Uhlaka lwamandla ezindonga zesikhathi esizayo ezidalwe kusuka kubha ye-150x150 mm (6). Ukudonsa kwe-rack's kwahlanganiswa nezipikili namakhona anamandla afakiwe (7).
Unicum wemvelo
UCork - udaba lwemifino ngesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. Kwakhiwa amaseli amaningi we-microfer (1cm3 Cork aqukethe amaseli angama-30-42 million), ngalinye liyi-polyhedron eliseceleni elihlangenwe nalo. Izindonga zeseli ziqukethe izingqimba eziningana. Okukhulu kakhulu kwawo kungumaphakathi: kushintshanisa i-resin yemvelo ye-resin (Suberin) ne-wax enikeza i-plug ekhethekile yokuqina. I-cavity yangaphakathi yamaseli igcwele igesi, ifana kakhulu nokwakheka emoyeni, kepha ngaphandle kwe-CO2.
Isakhiwo esinjalo senza ipulaki nge-insulator enhle kakhulu yokushisa. Yayisetshenziswa ngekhwalithi yayo kusukela ngesikhathi sokudala - amapuleti epulaki yangempela ayembozwe ngezindonga nophahla, egcwele ungqimba olulodwa komunye, futhi umsebenzi wawunzima kakhulu. Kuphela ngemuva kokusungulwa kwe-cork agglomerate ngonyaka we-1892. Kwaba khona ukusebenzisa ipulaki njenge-insulator yokushisa kabanzi.
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Ukwenza kube lula ukwakha ukugqagqana kokuhlangana, kuqedwe ngokuphelele isisekelo. Phakathi kwama-lags akhe (8), ama-plugs omgwaqo we-traffic (9) abekwa, abavikeleke ngaphansi kweRusberoid, futhi ngaphezulu - I-Vapor Insulation (10) neBhodi Lwamaphansi.
I-AGGGLOMETES
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cork agglomerates: ihlanzekile (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi imnyama) nenhlanganisela (njengomthetho, zibizwa ngokuthi zimhlophe). Ama-agglomerates amnyama asetshenziselwa ukufakwa okushisayo, okumhlophe - ikakhulukazi njengezinto zokwakha. I-agglomore emnyama iqukethe amagreyimu we-cork ahlanganiswe kanye nodonga olungaphansi kokusetshenziswa kwezinye izibopho. Itholakala ngokuphatha ama-Cork Granules e-autoclave ngokulungiswa okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa nengcindezi. Ngasikhathi sinye, baqala ukwandisa (enwetshiweyo), lapho i-cork resin isebenza khona, inezithelo zemifino, bese kuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ubuntu bezakhi eziguqukayo zepulaki kwenzeka. By the way, Black agglomerators abizwa ngokuthi imicu yezinkuni ze-cork oak wood, ezihlala zikhona ku-corky crumb, ngesikhathi sokutshala izinyathelo zokushisa "i-Chrorred". Ukuqina kwalo kungaphansi kokhokho wemvelo. Kepha inefomu elifanelekile lokwakha - lawa ngamapuleti (amapuleti) anosayizi we-1x0.5m kanye nobukhulu be-10/20 / 50mm.Izici ze-agglomerate
Ubuningi bezinto ezibonakalayo ezitholwe bungahluka: Kusethwe ngokuya ngenhloso yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi kulawulwa ngezinga lokucindezela kwama-granule e-cork ngesikhathi senqubo yokucubungula ngesikhathi senqubo yokucubungula. Ngakho-ke, i-cork emnyama enobuningi obungaphansi kwama-95kg / m3 ngokwesiko isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-acoustics egumbini, izinto eziphakathi nendawo (95-130 kg) isetshenziselwa ukufakwa okushisayo, kanye nomkhiqizo onobunzima okungaphezulu kwe-130kg / M3 ikakhulukazi yenziwa ama-gaskets (ukudlidliza ukushaqeka). Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zeBlack Agglomerate zinekhwalithi enhle: ziyakwazi ukuncipha ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo futhi, uma ubukhulu bokugcina bengengedlule okuvunyelwe, ngemuva kokunyamalala, thatha ifomu lokuqala ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okusele.
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Lapho udala uhlaka lwesitezi sesibili (11), imigoqo ye-string ixhumeke ngama-racks ePoledev (12). Babeka ama-lags okugcwala, lapho kwakunamathiselwe khona ama-rack wodonga. Ama-racks ekhoneni aqiniswa ngombala.
I-150x50mm, eyakhiwe kusuka ebhodini, i-150x50mm, kwashaywa indima ye-rafting yi-crate yebhodi le-200x25mm, ishiya izikhala eziyi-100mm (13). Phezu kwalo beka ungqimba lokufakwa komswakama okuvunyelwayo kwe-vapor futhi ucindezele i-cladder yesibili evela ebhodini lika-120x25mm, libe naphezu kwezikhala zekhreyithi yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, okubandakanya izingqimba ezimbili zamabhodi, kwadalwa ophahleni olunamandla uphahla, lapho kwakubekwa khona i-tile yensimbi (14).
Scope of isicelo
I-agglomerate efaka ukushisa inezicelo eziningi. -Yinhloko - Ukufakwa kwangaphandle. Amapuleti we-agglomerate abekwe ku-open (ikakhulukazi ukuze avumelanise) udonga. Ngasikhathi sinye, udonga kanye nolunye uhlangothi lwe-cork agglomeate lubhalwe ngokwakheka okukhethekile, bese amapuleti afakwa odongeni (ukuze abhujiswe komunye nomunye, asebenzise isando sokhuni) . Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 ngqo ku-cork agglomerate, ukuqedwa kwe-coating kuyasetshenziswa - udaka, bese kuthi upende wangaphambili.
Isigaba sesibili. Njengoba iBlack Cork Agglomerate iyinto enomunyu ophansi kakhulu wamanzi, futhi iyakwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezela okukhulu ngaphandle komonakalo, isetshenziselwa ngempumelelo ukufakwa kophahla olufulethi, kubandakanya nalawo asebenza. Kulokhu, amapuleti athambekele nje esisekelweni (indlela yokubeka okuqukethwe ifana nesichazayo), bese kufakwa ikholi evikela kubo.
Okwesithathu 1 - Ukufakelwa kohlaka, Ukuphahla kwe-IT.P. Imiklamo, kanye nokugqagqana kwe-Beam ngendlela yokubeka mahhala. Izindlela zokufaka amapuleti e-cork cishe zifana namasu asetshenzisiwe lapho ebeka amapuleti okufakwa koboya bezimbiwa kwamaminerali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thermal infartal Cork Cork agglomerate ingahle isetshenziswe njenge-soundprofer - ifakwe ngokugqwala noma ukuhlukaniswa okungaphakathi, iba yisithiyo esibi emendweni wamagagasi omsindo (i-coeffectifled you I-0.85, eyenza icishe ihlukanise ngokuphelele igumbi kusuka ku-Loour Sharp Umsindo, njengokukhala, izinja ezikhonkotha, umsindo we-TV, izinhlelo ze-it.d.d. (Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezakhiwo ze-plug kanye nezinto zokwakha ezikhiqizwe kuyo, bheka "IVD", 2007, No. 8 noma iwebhusayithi IVD. Ru.)
Manje, njengoba sekuqondisene nezakhiwo zama-plugs kanye nama-agglomerates enziwe kuwo, siphendukela ekwakhiweni kwendlu yezwe kanye nokufakwa kwalo ngosizo lwalezi zinto zokwakha. Inqubo ikhonjiswa ngokuningiliziwe ezithombeni, futhi iningi lazo lichazwa kumasiginesha alo ahambisana nawo. Inzalo, kuphela izincazelo ezidingekayo ezisele.
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Izindonga zendlu ngaphandle zambozwa ngolwelwesi olunamandla omoya zabeka indlu yebhulokhi (15, 17). Emakhoneni, indlu yebhulokhi inqume ukungavungi ngaphansi kwama-45, kepha ukuxhuma ngaphansi kwe-UGR (16) eqondile, engabi nzima. Lawa malunga azombozwa ngokwenza okuhlobisa
Isisekelo sendlu
Kusukela abaniniyo, bagxile ezimweni zendawo yendawo kanye nesipiliyoni sokwakha esikhona, bashiye idivaysi engaphansi, isisekelo sendlu sanqunywa ukuba senze okuncane. Kugxilwe emhlabathini nje kuphela ngo-60cm kanye nemibhoshongo efanayo yenani ngaphezulu kwezinga lawo. Kamuva, engxenyeni yesisekelo esivela ku-ukhonkolo magni m300, kudalwe umnene ofudumele, ovunyelwe ukusunduza umugqa wenhlabathi uqhaqha aqhamuka kwisisekelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphambi kokubeka ukhonkolo, ungqimba lwengqimba olungenamanzi lwabekwa emcameni wesihlabathi olungiselelwe kwangaphambilini, kuwo - amapuleti e-cork agglomerate, nangaphezulu kwegridi yokuqinisa. Isimo senziwe sanele - 1m. Kwenze kwangenzeka ukuhambisa ngokukhululeka kwendlu ngisho nempahla. Ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo, ipulatifomu ekhonkolo yezimoto ezimbili yadalwa futhi yafakwa ngaphakathi.
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Amandla kaCork Slabs enza ukuthi bakwazi ukulahla ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esisalungiswa: amapuleti amaphethelo asuselwa kubha ye-cranial enamathiselwe kwaLags (20, 21). Kusuka phezulu bambozwe yi-vapor barrier nebhodi eliphansi (22).
Uhlaka lwamandla
Abanikazi bancamela ukwenza uhlaka lwamandla wendlu yebha enengxenye yesiphambano se-150x150mm - umklamo onjalo, bathola ukuthi banamandla amakhulu futhi, banokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Iziteji ezikulolokhile zitholakala ekubalweni okunjalo (isinyathelo esiphakeme ngu-1.5 m) ukuze amafasitela afakwe phakathi kwawo, bese ufaka "ama-struts angeziwe" ebhodini le-150x50mm, edala i- "niche" enobubanzi obungu-50 cm ukuze Beka ukufakwa kwe-cork.Ama-lags aphansi kanye nezitezi eziphansi eziphansi ezenziwe ngebha enengxenye yesiphambano se-150x100mm, ukuba nazo ku-50cm komunye nomunye (khumbula: IPlate Ububanzi - 50cm). Umphumela wokwakheka komklamo utholwe cishe isitoko sesikhathi esinesikhathi sesibili sokuphepha - ngosizo lwabo kuzoba lula ukunqwabelanisa izikhala ezifika ku-5m, kanti ububanzi obuphezulu bezikhathi zangempela bungama-3.85m. Sijabule nje ngumnikazi wamandla wabanikazi ngokuzayo, ethi: "Hambani phansi ngokhuni, futhi kubonakala sengathi ngaphansi kwemilenze yepuleti ye-monolithic."
Ukufakelwa kwe-Cork Thermal
Isidumbu Esifudumeza
Abakhi beBrigadier, oqale bafaka i-traffic jam, uthe: "Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nalokhu kusebenza okunzima, ngoba kunamandla kunokwejwayelekile. Kepha yilezi zici Lokho kuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ubeka phakathi kwama-rafter avela ohlangothini lwamakamelo (kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu ngenxa yezimvula), ngezingqimba ezintathu (ubukhulu obungu-150mm) ezivelele. Ukusebenza ngokufakwa okujwayelekile kubukeka kanjena.
Beka ungqimba wokuqala, khona-ke isisebenzi esisodwa sihlala sisekela ukufakwa okuvela phansi, kanti okwesibili kuletha futhi kubekele amapuleti ezingqimba ezimbili ezalandela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ugcine zonke izingqimba ezintathu kule ndawo kuze kube yilapho isithiyo se-vapor simisiwe, bese kuthi umugqa, uwela phansi phakathi kwamatshe okudonswa kwenyoka ukudonsa i-twine noma uzulazule okwesikhashana ojantshi. Isimo samanje lapho ubeka i-cork nayo yonke into ingcweti elinye libhekana nakho konke: kubeka ipuleti elilandelayo endaweni futhi kulungisa izipikili ezimbili. "
Kuyafaneleka ukungeza amagama ambalwa ngokukhuluphawa kwe-cork agglomerale ungqimba ohlelweni lwefreyimu elungisiwe. I-Holly Swerlap, izindonga nophahla lwesitezi sesibili kubekwa ngesendlalelo sika-150mm. Ukuqothuka okuningana nokuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi, ukushuba kwalo kwakungu-100mm kuphela. Lokhu kwanele, ngoba kuleli cala i-agglomerate akuyona ukufakwa okungaka, malini i-soundprofer. Amalunga amapuleti aphakathi kwabo futhi nohlaka lohlaka alusetshenziswa khona - amapuleti acindezelwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye nasezakhiweni zesakhiwo.
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Esisekelweni sendlu ngezendlalelo ezimbili, i-cork coating isocork (23) yasetshenziswa. Umugqa wezinkuni wezindonga zangaphandle wavikelwa ifilimu ye-polyethylene (24).
Phakathi kwama-racks zozimele nemipheni evela ngaphakathi kwendlu yabekwa ezingxenyeni ezintathu ze-slab of the cork agglomerate (25). Bambozwe ngesithiyo se-vapor, bese - belingisa isikhathi sebhodi le-trim (26).
Cork ekuqedeni
Ukuqinisa umphumela wokufakwa okuzwakalayo okwenziwe yi-cork agglomerale ebekwe ekuqedeni, abanikazi bendlu banquma ukumboza phansi ngalezi zinto. Ukuba ukungalingani kwalofulethi ogayiwe kosizo lwe-Electrogamanka, khona-ke wonke amafulethi ambozwe nge-plywood engangeni manzi ngobukhulu obungu-8mm, abanamathisele emabhodini aphansi (ngasikhathi sinye babukela izikulufo ze Izikulufo azikhuphuki ngaphezu kobuso beplywood futhi azizange zithathwe kulo). Okulandelayo, kusetshenziswa ukwakheka okukhethekile ngesisekelo samanzi, kunamathiselwe ngaphezulu kwamapuleti we-puff we-Floor Cork Pk (Corkart, Portugal) ubukhulu be-6mm (ungqimba lwepulaki le-extrages limbozwe nge-veneer yemvelo, usayizi - 600x300mm). Ukwenza ngcono izici zokusebenza (gqoka ukumelana, amandla okuqala, umthelela wamakhemikhali we-IT.p.) kanye nokwenza lula amathayili okunakekelwa akwenziwa ngamanzi asuselwa kumanzi asuselwa kumanzi asuselwa kumanzi asuselwa kumanzi ane-WACKER RQUER (LOBA, Germany).
Wasebenzisa ipulaki futhi ekugcineni kwangaphandle kwendlu, ngokunembile, isisekelo saso. Ukuze benze lokhu, basebenzise ukuhlanganiswa okuhlotshiswe okufashisayo kwe-isocork ("Russian Traffic Jam", eRussia). Ekwakhiweni, kuyingxube yama-granule e-cork, amafutha we-acrylic resin namafutha emifino. Kukhiqizwe ngendlela ye-powder eyomile, efakwe ngamabhakede epulasitiki (12kg / 22l). Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo, kwanele ukwengeza inani elidingekayo lamanzi nodayi (kukhiqiza umenzi ofanayo) futhi uhlanganise kahle.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kusetshenziswe ngendlela yokufafaza komoya emfuhlo we-5 ATM usebenzisa i-compressor kanye nesibhamu sodaka olubekiwe. Ungqimba wokuqala wenziwa mncane (ngokuyisisekelo uhlinzeka ngokunamathelisa ngokhonkolo), okwesibili kukhulu (lokhu kungqimba okuhlobisa). Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqina okuphelele kwaba ngu-2,5-3mm.
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Ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi kwendlu yeSpartanski kulula: izindonga zazimbozwe ngokwakheka kobufakazi bokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ebhodini eliphansi, i-PHANUR 12MM ubukhulu bafakiwe kanye nama-slabs e-SK Cork Cover (Corkart) anamathiselwe kuwo, i-bay ye-varnish yawo ekhethekile (27, 28). Shisisa i-Oven ye-House Brick (ama-facades aphambili nangasemuva aphuma emakamelweni ahlukene) futhi afakwe ngaphansi kweWindows Electrical Convertors.
Ngenxa yamafasitela abubanzi anezinkwa ezakhiwe ngokhuni ezikhanyiselwe phansi kakhulu (29). Amapayipi okuhlinzekwa kwamanzi (amanzi anikezwa kusuka emthonjeni) nokukhucululwa kwendle (imisele ifakwe ethangini lekhonkolo le-sepccrete) libekwe ngendlela evulekile (30).
Imvelo kanye nezomnotho
Ngokungafani neYurophu, lapho isifiso sokufaka isicelo ekwakhiweni kwezinto zokwakha imvelo siye saba sikhulu, futhi inani lamaqabunga e-eco asuvele libalwa ngezinkulungwane, ezweni lethu, abalawuli be-Eco-abasebenzisi imfuno ephezulu. Isizathu silula - iningi labathuthukisi bakholelwa ukuthi bazokwenza ukwakhiwa kubiza kakhulu. Kepha ingabe kuyizindleko ezinhle kakhulu zokunciphisa?
Sicele lo mbuzo ukuthi aphendule umnikazi wendlu, okutshelwe ngaye esihlokweni. Yilokhu akusho: "Uma siqhathanisa amanani e-Cork Aglomarate (izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili ngakunye nge-1m3) kanye noboya obunamaminerali (1800-7000rub. Okwe-1M3), ukunyuka kubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu. Kepha kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi isabelo kokufakwa kwenani eliphelele lokubukisa. Izakhiwo zingama-12-15% kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwepulaki okwenziwe ukuthi kunciphise idivaysi yokwakhiwa (futhi leli ngamabhodi amancane -Ukufaka ukufakwa kwendlu. Mina, hhayi, hhayi i-accountant, kodwa ngazama ukubanda, futhi kwavela, ukuthi ukwanda kwangempela kwezindleko zokwakha kucishe kube ngu-8-10%. "
Ukuchazwa kwesitezi sokuqala
2. I-Corridor 11M2.
3. Tea 6,4m2
4. Igumbi lokuhlala 17m2
5. Igumbi lokugezela 3,2m2
6. Igumbi lokulala le-8.9m2
7. Ikhishi 7.9m2
Ukuchazwa kwesitezi sesibili
2. Igumbi lokulala + IKhabhinethi 18,2m2
3. Ikhabethe le-Wardrobe 6.1m2
4. indlu yokugezela 3.2m2
5. Igumbi lokulala 8.2m2
6. Igumbi lokulala 9,3M2
Njengoba sibona, ukwazisa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-traffic jam esikhundleni sokufakelwa okuthandwayo, kwavela ukuthi akusikho okuhle. Ukuqeda amandla noma okuncane kuvumela wonke umuntu ofisa ukwakha i-Ecodach, ezixazulula.
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani "isikhungo se-cork" ukuze sisize ekulungiseni okuqukethwe.