Izici zokubhekana netshe lokuhlobisa lezindawo ezihlukene: ukhonkolo wesihlabathi, izitini, ngokhuni, ukuhlanganiswa nokufakwa kanye ne-plapeboard eyomile
Itshe elihlobise lokuhlobisa lingahlobisa izindawo zangaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izindonga zangaphandle nezangaphakathi: ukhonkolo-ukhonkolo, izitini, ukuhlanganiswa kokhuni okuhambisana ne-plasterboard. Impumelelo kungenzeka kakhulu, uma ukuqedwa okunjalo kuhlinzekelwe yiphrojekthi yendlu, futhi lapho wenza umsebenzi, imithetho yezobuchwepheshe ibonwa ngokuqinile.
Ngubani?
Ukuhlobisa Itshe, kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa nge-preficial, ngokuthembekile kubuye kube nombala, umbala kanye nokuthungwa kwamadwala angempela: bushelelezi ne-reservor, i-sawn kanye nokuxubha, izindonga zemifula namatshe amatshe. Kodwa-ke, itshe linemvelaphi engashabalali. Izakhi zayo eziphambili zingusimende (njenge-binder), isihlabathi, ama-filler ahlukahlukene (i-cerialite, i-perlite, i-pumice noma ukuxubana kwalo) nemibala. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo zetshe, kwangeniswa amapulasitiki ekwakhekeni kwalo, izengezo ezingonakali. Phakathi kwezinkampani ezidumile zaseRussia - Abakhiqizi balokhu okuqukethwe kungabizwa ngokuthi amagquma amhlophe, iKamrock, itshe le-Chelsea, i-Areland, "ukuhweba nge-ecolt", "Itshe Eliphelele". Intengo 1m- 750-1400rub.
| 
| 
| 
|
Kusuka kokuncane kuya enkulu
Isisindo setshe sincike ngosayizi kanye nokuthungwa kwalo. Ukukhanya kuthathwa njengokuqothuka okunesisindo esifinyelela ku-20 kg / m; Kubandakanya amaqoqo athandwayo ezitini zokuhlobisa, isisindo sezinto ezingenakuqhathaniswa ngesisindo sezitini zangempela. Amatshe anesisindo esingu-20-52 kg / m esisesigabeni esijwayelekile sesisindo, ngaphezu kwama-52kg / m kuya kubunzima. Ngaphezu kwazo, udonga lwendlu kufanele lumelane nesisindo se-putty, ne-glue kanye ne-grout. Uma ukusetshenziswa okumaphakathi kwe-glue kanye nama-grouts nge-1m 3-5kg, bese kuthi noma kufinyeleleke "ukugcwala (okungenasisindo" kwesisindo (17kg / m) isisindo sezinto zokudla zizoba ngo-6-10kg, futhi lokhu kuningi.
Enye ipharamitha ebalulekile edinga ukubhekelwa ku-akhawunti yisilinganiso sobunzima kanye nesikwele sezinto ngazinye. Vuselela izitini kulungile. Akulona ngengozi ukuthi zisetshenziswa kunoma yiziphi izindawo eziphansi, kufaka phakathi i-GKL evikelekile, ehlanganiswe ngokufakwa, okuhlotshiswe nge-chipboard futhi ayihloselwe imithwalo emikhulu. Okufakiwe kwe-Great-Factor Stones eyodwa ye-1 DM ingalinganisa i-7kg. Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanayo lokuqeda, ake sithi, ngoba i-facade yendlu yezwe, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi isisindo sayo ngeke sikhuthazelele kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezindonga, kodwa futhi nesisekelo. Zigwebeke: Ngezinsuku ezisheshayo ezivela kumaphaneli we-sandwich (100kg / m), isisekelo esikhulu sokwehla okujulile siyadingeka, futhi i-facade yayo ebekiwe ngeke idale izinkinga ezinkulu. Uma abanikazi bangavunyi mazimaphekele ekwakheni iphrojekthi noma ukwakhiwa, futhi esiteji sokuqeda) banquma ukuhlobisa izindonga ngezinsimbi zokusiza (70kg / m), isisindo sesakhiwo sizonyuka ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5-2. Ingabe lokhu kuvunyelwe kusesisekelweni esingasindi? Umakhi kufanele aphendulwe kulo mbuzo onjalo, kepha hhayi umenzi noma itshe lokufaka.
Isiphetho, njengoba kubonakala, kusobala ukuthi: Uhlobo nesisindo sendlu esikhwameni kufanele kube kusengaphambili esigabeni sokuklama, lapho kubalwa ukwakhiwa kwezinga nezindonga.
| 
| 
|
Ukubhekana netshe lokuhlobisa livumelaniswa nezindawo zokhuni (a, b), izindonga ezibunjiwe kahle. Ama-Facades "Amatshe" ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele nezinduku ze-tiled, zenze izitebhisi zensimbi namakholoni.
Uthango oluqinile lunikeza indawo yendlu ukuqina futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kwayo. Uthango, olufakwe itshe lokuhlobisa, lufanelana kahle kunoma yikuphi ukubonwa komhlaba, ukuvumelanisa ngamathrekhi, okuvinjelwe ukuvinjwa kwe- "tshe", futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuhle bendawo.
A, C - amagquma amhlophe
B - Umsungukisi A. Ermakova, Photo V. Nefedova
Glue noma ukulungiswa?
Izinkampani eziningi ezisebenza ochwepheshe bayo benza ukufakwa kwetshe lokuhlobisa, basebenzise izimiso ezijwayelekile zokubeka, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye bazivumelanisa nabo. Ngamanye amagama, "uhlelo lwe-masonry" luyehluka ngezindlela zokuqinisa izinto ezindongeni ezisetshenziswa yizinto ezidliwayo, amapharamitha anamandla, amaphutha wesimo nobukhulu bodonga lwe-IT.
Isibonelo esilula: ukuze itshe lilungiswe ngokuthembekile, ukwakheka kwe-glue kufanele kube nokunamathela ngokwanele esisekelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphoqeleka ukuthi akhonze i-camper phakathi kodonga netshe (bona, njengomthetho, bane-coefficients ehlukene yokunwebeka) ekuguquguqukeni kwezinga lokushisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, indawo entwasahlobo yodonga, ikakhulukazi elangeni, ifudunyezwa ku- + 15 ° C, futhi ipholile kuze kufike ku -5s ebusuku. Ngasikhathi sinye, isisekelo asishukunyiswa kakhulu njengetshe, ngakho-ke, ukubekwa okwenziwe kwakhula kwaqina. Uma usebenzisa igama elithi "elingalungile" ukwakheka kwe-glue, imifantu lizovela ngokungenakugwenywa ebheke, futhi amatshe azowa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha i-glue ngokuhlobisa itshe, kubalulekile ukubheka izakhiwo zesisekelo. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhumbula ukuthi isikhwama (25 kg) sengxube enamatheliso yezindawo ezinama-bulls abiza ama-ruble angama-290- 390, futhi ngokungena ngesitini (njengezitini) - ruble ama-450 ruble. Intengo yezingoma eziqeqeshiwe ezine-adhesion enamandla (1.2-1.4 MPA) ifinyelela ama-ruble angama-600-700. Ngendlela yabo, banamathela ngokuqinile itshe kunoma yiluphi udonga, izindleko zabo zizobonakala ziphezulu kakhulu.
Ufuna ukusindisa? Sicela ube nezindlela eziningi. Okulula ukushaqeka futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuvumelanisa ingaphezulu lodonga ngengqimba elincanyana (5-10mm) yengxube yesimende, bese usuvele usebenzise i-glue yentando yeningi ngaphezulu kwayo. Ngendlela, izingoma ezomile ezinamathela ezinikezela abakhiqizi bezinkokhelo zokuhlobisa zinokunamathela kuka-0.8-MP futhi, njengomthetho, zenzelwe izizathu ezilungiselelwe (ezibunjiwe).
Okwezindawo ezinama-adfaces aphansi kwizixazululo zesimende-sandy, ngokwesibonelo, ukhonkolo we-monolithic, kusetshenziswa indlela ehlolwe: okokuqala kunamathisela udonga lokunamathisela i-grid, ukufakwa kwamatshe, bese kuba yi-Stone Mount ekuhlolweni kokunamathela. Kulokhu, izindleko zizonke zokudla kanye nomsebenzi owenziwe kuzoba ngama-ruble angama-400. Ngo-1m. Kodwa-ke, kwizici ezibhekene nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezisekelo kufanelekile ukuyeka imininingwane eminingi.
| 
| 
| 
|
Ngaphambi kokufaka itshe lokuhlobisa elibheke elokuhlobisa, i-mesh galvanized metal inamathiselwe odongeni lwezitini (a). Ama-Masonry ezibonakalayo kumele aqalwe ngezinto ezingejwayelekile, bese ehlobisa izindonga (b).
Ukuze ubone amandla aphelele wamathuluzi akhanyayo namathuba okusebenza kwetshe lokuhlobisa, kufanele ube nolwazi olukhethekile futhi uthobele imithetho ethile yokufaka. Ngakho-ke, ama-Facades abhekene nalokhu okuqukethwe kufanele athembeke kubantu abangahleliwe, kepha abafaki abaqeqeshiwe abasebenza ngokubekwa kwayo. Bazokwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wanoma yikuphi ukuxaka esikhathini esifushane kakhulu (C, D).
A, B - Photo V. KOLEVA
C - "Itshe Eliphelele"
D - kamrock
Ukhonkolo kanye nokutholwa kwayo
Kungani kungafuneki ukunamathisela itshe ngqo kukhonkolo we-monolithic, amabhulokhi we-foam, amabhlogo wesisekelo? Ngemuva kwakho konke, babukeka bebushelelezi ngobumnandi. Kubukeka sengathi, thatha bese uyibeka ngaphandle kokuqondanisa ... inkinga ilungile futhi ibushelelezi kakhulu, okungadlulisi neze ukwakheka okunamathela. Ukwandisa izakhiwo ezinamathela ezinhlangeni ezinjalo, ungafaka ama-primers akhethekile: I-Ceresit 19 (Helkel, Germany), "Impahla ekhonkolo" (unis), "betokont t-55" ("okungcono kakhulu", zombili - Russia). Kepha noma kunjalo kuthembeke kakhulu ukusizakala ngendlela efakazelwe: ukunamathisela igridi ye-galvanized noma i-carciro (ipulasitiki) ngosizo lwesibhamu sokwakha kanye ne-dowel esinama-washers, bese umile, qhubeka Ukufakwa kwetshe.
| 
| 
| 
|
| 
| 
|
Ukuhlobisa amatshe CRIM (amagquma amhlophe): Okokuqala unamathisela i-Plaster Plaster Mesh (a) i-Dowel Nail (b) kuyo yonke indawo yendawo (b). Lapho-ke ingaphezulu negridi limbozwe ngesendlalelo esincane sodaka kasimende (g) nakwesobunxele kuze kube yilapho yomile. Itshe lokufakelwa lifakwe ongcebeni olukhuni, ebheka ama-masonling abushelelezi asebenzisa izinga lokwakha (e). Uma kunesidingo, izinto "zamatshe" zisika umshini wokugaya ekhoneni ukuze zithole usayizi oyifunayo (e). I-Seams Seal ene-Cloud Cloud, ukuyifaka ngosizo lwesibhamu sokwakha (g)
UBrick - Case mncane
I-Brick Surfaces, ngokuphambene, idonsa kakhulu. Zingafakwa ngetshe lokuhlobisa lanoma yisiphi isisindo ngaphandle kokushaqisa kwangaphambili. Udonga luboshwe okokuqala yinhlabathi efanelekile, ngokwesibonelo i-Ceresit 17 (HENKEL), "Inhlabathi Ejulile Yokungena" (I-DIPCont T-53), futhi isebenzise i-glue ekhethekile: Ceresit CM 17 (Henkel) , "Starplits T-11" ("Bases"), "Flex" (Knauf, Russia). Indawo yokulinganisa, isixazululo esinamathela asetshenziswa ngokucophelela esisekelweni, nasetsheni. Izindleko zizoba zincane kuphela ngemisindo emincane yomsebenzi, lapho uqeda i-barbecue, isisekelo, izingcezu zodonga. Lapho ubhekene ne-facade yesakhiwo, abasebenzi kungenzeka ukuthi bayihlikihla kahle i-glue ngaphakathi kwento ngayinye. Ukusetshenziswa okufanayo kokuhlanganiswa okubizayo endaweni engavuthiwe kuzokwenyuswa umakwe, futhi kunesibopho. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokusetshenziswa kwendlela efakazelwe engenhla.Emsebenzini wakudala onobumba obunjiwe noma ezindongeni zezitini ezisezingeni eliphansi, kanye nasezindaweni ezikhonkolo zikakhonkolo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa igridi. Izitini ezifakiwe zilungiswe yi-Dowel-Nail Dowel, ukushelela ama-dowels akhethekile (thayipha "molly", "butterfly") noma amahange. Okulandelayo, kusebenza ngokuya ngohlelo owaziwayo. Ngokufanayo, beza nezindonga zezitini ziphathwe ngama-hydrophobizer noma izindlela eziphakeme (zinzima kakhulu ukunamathela kuzo).
Izindonga ezifakiwe
Ukudla izindlu zezwe ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha, kufaka phakathi isihlangu sokwakha kanye nokhuni, kuvame ukusebenzisa ukufakwa okusebenzayo okungaphandle kwamapuleti angaphandle kwamapuleti e-polystyrene Foam, i-mineral oboya. Abaningi bangase bangabaze ukuthi ingaphezulu eliphakeme nelonakalisi eliqinile lezindonga zingaba yitshe lokuhlobisa. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe obunjalo sebuthuthukile futhi bahlolwe ekusebenzeni.
Ngemuva kokuthi amapuleti okufakwayo afakwa odongeni, afakwa ngokungeziwe nge-dowel-nail noma ama-anchor ngokuya ngohlobo lwesisekelo. Ngemuva kwalokho i-shell mesh iyasetshenziswa futhi yambozwa ngokushesha ukwakheka okunamathela ngokufakwa ukuze iphakathi kwesendlalelo. Okulandelayo, igridi inamathiselwe ama-dowels kuze kube sezingeni, okungukuthi, kwenziwa isigaxa esiphindwe kabili. Umsebenzi wayo awugcini nje ngokulungisa izinsiza zokushisa ezibangela, kodwa futhi ube ukusekelwa okuthembekile okubhekene nakho. Shintsha ekufakweni, ama-dents akhiwa, futhi adalulwa ukwakheka okunamathela etsheni. Ngaleyo ndlela elungiselelwe, itshe lokuhlobisa lanoma yiluphi uhlobo, kusuka kokulula okunzima kakhulu. Sesebekele uhlobo oluthile lokubhekana nalo msebenzi, uzokhetha kuphela ukufakwa kobunzima obufanele, inani elifunekayo lama-dowels, i-plaster mesh kusuka ezintweni ezifanele zeselula, kanye nokwakheka kwe-glue.
Vele, okucashile kanye nama-nuances lapho kusebenza ekufakweni, kubalulekile ukubheka okuningi, ngokwesibonelo, kudingeka ukunakwa okukhethekile ukuze kuhlangane nomngcele wamafasitela neminyango, amalunga okufakwa kwangaphandle ama-angles we-IT.D. Kepha akunangqondo ukuzichaza. Zonke kufanele zimakwe ngokuya ngomsebenzi noma eminye imibhalo yephrojekthi, futhi ama-brigade wabafundeni ahlala alandelwe nguYe.
| 
| 
|
| 
| 
|
Izindonga Zepulangwe: Indlela Ekhethekile
Okunzima kakhulu ekuqedweni kwe- "Stone" kuyisisekelo sezinkuni, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "okuphilayo". Ngakho-ke, udonga olunendawo ye-10m enokwehla kwama-stert kanye nomswakama kungashintsha ubukhulu be-linear kuze kube ngu-10 cm. Akubona bonke ababhekene ababhekene bakhuthazelele intuthuko enjalo, futhi akubona bonke abesici abazowuthatha umsebenzi onjalo.Kukhona indlela yokuphuma, hhayi eyodwa. Ungafudumeza indlu kusuka kubha ngaphandle, futhi ukufakwa kufezeka itshe. Uhlelo olunjalo likuvumela ukuthi uveze izandiso eziqondile zesihlahla, kepha kufanele zibalwe kahle, futhi elibheke kufanele libe nemishini ye-deform. Ngokuvamile zenziwa emakhoneni, ngaphansi kwamafasitela we-Te.p., okungukuthi, lapho zibonakala khona okungenani.
Umbono we-Specialist
Ngemuva kokubekwa ekugcineni kokushayela, i-lining evela etsheni lokuhlobisa ifiseleka ukuthi liphathwe ngokwakheka okukhethekile kwe-hydrophobic. Kwakha ulwelwesi olungaqondakali olunakuqhathaniswa ebusweni baso, obuyela amanzi, kuvikela okuqukethwe emiphumeleni yemvelo yangaphandle. Kulula ukunakekela ukuqeda okunjalo, ngoba kulula ukuhlanza othulini nasekungcoleni. Izindawo zeWTEM, lapho itshe elibhekene nalo lizodalulwa ekuguquguqukeni kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile kanye nemithombo yezindaba enolaka, futhi lixhumana namanzi, ukucubungula i-hydrophobizer kuyimpoqo. Isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezimbili ze-WET emanzi. Ingaphezulu lamatshe lithola izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ukuvalwa kwe- "Works" kucishe kube yiminyaka engu-5-7, ngemuva kwalokho inqubo iphindwa ngayo.
UDenis Panov, Isikhulu Esiphezulu samagquma amhlophe
Kukhona enye inketho. Khweza izindonga zangaphandle zedizayini yendlu ezifana nohlelo lwe-fallied facade: ukunamathisela imihlahlandlela yensimbi ezindongeni, izingqimba ezimbili ze-CSP, bese igridi, zifaka udaka. Ngendlela efanayo, izingxenye ezincane zezindonga zivame ukwenziwa, futhi itshe ligcwele ngqo kwi-CSP, ngoba la mapuleti anamathela ezinhle ezihlazweni ze-Cement-Sandy.
| 
| 
|
Itshe lokuhlobisa lihlele izindonga zangaphandle nezingaphakathi, izicishamlilo nama-chimneys, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu elingadluli ku-70 s (a, b).
Umakhi we-A. Buzyskisky
Photo N. Serebryakova
Itshe elincanyana elikhanyayo livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeda ingaphakathi. Ukufakwa kwezinto akubangeli ubunzima obukhethekile, futhi impilo yenkonzo yokuqedwa okunjalo icishe ibe yinzuzo (c).
Umakhi we-A. Grishin
Photo R. ShelomeSeva
Yini ngaphakathi?
Ngaphakathi ezakhiweni, ukuqeda kaningi kufanele ubhekane nezindonga kanye nama-plasterboard ukwahlukaniswa. Azikho izinkinga ezikhethekile ngetshe labo lokuhlobisa. Sizokunaka kuphela i-nuance eyodwa kuphela, okudinga ukucatshangelwa lapho kubhekwa udonga lwenzelwe ukuqeda ngezinto ezisindayo (ezingaphezu kuka-52kg / m). I-standard pitch yemihlahlandlela yensimbi yokuqinisa i-glk-60sm. Ngaphansi kokuwohloka okukhulu bafakwa kaningi kuno-30cm. Ukuqina okungewona wedwa kulungisiwe, kepha izingqimba ezimbili ze-glk ezivimbela umswakama. Ukuqhubeka kusebenze ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile: badubula igridi emincane ngosizo lwe-stapler yokwakha kanye namabakaki, geza nge-glue futhi ngemuva kosuku luqale ukuhlukanisa udonga ngetshe lokuhlobisa.Umbono we-Specialist
Ukushintsha - Isigaba sokugcina sokufakwa kwetshe lokuhlobisa. Ixazulula umsebenzi owakhayo we-Seam Steam. Akunakwenzeka ukushiya umthungo uvulekile, ngawo umswakama uzongena ngaphakathi kulayini, futhi ngemijikelezo yesikhathi sokuqanda nokuncipha, ukucekela phansi ama-masonry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-batch of seams inika ukubhekana nokubukeka okuhle. Akufanele ugcwalise umthungo ngesixazululo esisele se-masonry - kuyanamathela, akufakwanga kahle ngesibhamu, futhi ngenxa yomthungo, kuvela kungasebenzi. Ngale njongo, ama-grouts akhethekile akhiqizwa cishe kubo bonke abakhiqizi bamatshe ahloselwe. Okulula kakhulu ukusakazwa kwezingoma, ezisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa isibhamu sokwakha noma i- "syringe" eyenziwe ekhaya eyenziwe ngephakeji, i-tuba IT.p.p.p.p. Imisipha phakathi kwezakhi ngakunye igcwele isisindo esimanzi, elinde imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40, ngenkathi iyomile, bese ichofoza nge-spatula.
U-Alexander Teryentrev, ubuchwepheshe obukhulu beKamrock
-Wokwanda
Efulethini, izimo zokubhekana nezindawo ezibhekene netshe lokuhlobisa zingabhekwa njengekuhle: I-microclimate engapheli, ukuntuleka kwamathonya angaphandle anolaka. Lapho ama-facades elungile, izinga lokushisa elikhona libhekwa ku-10-25c. Kuyinto engathandeki ukukhwela itshe emvuleni nasemisebeni yelanga eqondile, ngoba umswakama owengeziwe noma ukomisa ngokushesha kwesixazululo kunciphisa amandla obumanga. Isikhathi esihle sokuqedela (ikakhulukazi ama-soums e-throuting) yi-ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Ekushiseni komoya kuya ku-100 c Sebenzisa i-glue "ebusika" ekhethekile. Kuliqiniso, kunesimo esisodwa: Ngenkathi isixazululo se-masonry singashiyi amandla angama-70%, izinga lokushisa komoya akufanele liwe ngaphansi kwenani elikhonjiswe kwiphakheji le-glue, ngaphandle kwalokho izici zamandla nokuqina kokwakheka kuzokwehla. Ngamazinga okushisa aphansi, indawo ehlukanisiwe izungeza imfudumalo ebizwa ngokuthi imfudumalo, isikhumbuza izithombo zokugcina amafilimu, ishise umoya ngaphakathi kuyo netshe libekwe. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, lokhu kushisa kugcinwa ezinye izinsuku ezintathu.
Ukuhlelwa kubonga amagquma amhlophe, Kamrock, Chelsea Stone
Ngosizo lokulungiselela lokho okuqukethwe.