Idivaysi necebo lokuvuleka okuvulekile: Izinketho zesakhiwo

Idivaysi necebo lokuvula okuvulekile odongeni: Izici zezomthetho nezobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuqeda ukuvulwa okuvulekile

Okusebenza, akwenzelwe ukuhlanganisa iminyango, kutholakala emafulethini kaningi. Bahlangana nesakhiwo esidala noma bavele lapho kuhlela kabusha izakhiwo. 'Ukwenza ngcono' ukuvulwa okunjalo? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kuzofanela senze ukuvakasha kokwakha kwezokwakha.

Ukhathele impilo emaffizini asondelene, silwela ukwenza amakamelo ethu e-ergonomic futhi anzile, okungenani ngokubona. Dala isikhala esihlanganisiwe sizosiza, ikakhulukazi, ukuvula okuvulekile.

Izinketho nokwehluka

Ezindlini eziningi ezijwayelekile kunezindonga zangaphakathi ezitholakala ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile ekuqaleni, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zephaseji (Yebo, kuhlale kuvulwa ngodonga olunjalo). Njengomthetho, hhayi izixazululo zokuhlela ezichazwe kahle kakhulu ezibangelwa yisidingo sobuchwepheshe (udonga lomthwali noma udonga-idayada kule ndawo luyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo) noma umncinyane wamaphaneli wokwakha. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi babonakale sengathi ngethuba ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha kwendlu yakudala. Ukudiliza izindonga ezinjalo "ezingenangqondo" ezimweni eziningi akuvunyelwe, futhi umnyango osevuliwe uzoba yisithiyo kuphela. Ngakho-ke kufanele wenze abanikazi bamakhaya ukuthi baphule ikhanda lakho phezu kwendlela yokuvula ukuvulwa okuvulekile ukuze kwenziwe kube yingxenye ye-organic yezangaphakathi.

Umbuzo Wefomu

I-Architect v. KOLEVSKAYA Photo E. Kulibabapavation Photos, isimilo sama-90s. Nokho, sekuvele kunamabala amaningi namuhla, le nto yokwakha ihlala. Kukholakala ukuthi i-classical Romanesque Amperch ilungele kakhulu ukuvuleka okuncane (i-arch yayo ukuqedwa okubushelelezi kwamasayithi abheke mpo), kanye ne-wide-isiNgisi, noma i-musicable (inama-angles acacile esisekelweni se-arch). Amacala abi kakhulu wokuwina okwengeziwe ukwakheka kwezinsuku ezi-semi-(isigamu nengxenye kulula ukukucabanga, uma ushiya amabutho ngengqondo nge-axis symmetry). Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemihube, kanye nabaqambi, njengomthetho, qhubeka kusukela kusisombululo sangaphakathi esiphelele, hhayi ngosayizi wokuvula okuthile.

Kukhona nesimo esihlukile. Ukuthatha ukuhlela isitudiyo sesampula, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kuvame ukuhlangana ngamakamelo: ekhishini nasekamelweni lokuhlala, igumbi lokuhlala kanye nehholo, iHhovisi nekamelo lokulala .. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi, akunakwenzeka ukudiliza ngokuphelele udonga phakathi kwale ndawo, ngoba luzokwenza buthaka izakhiwo ezisekelayo zendlu. Isilinganiso esizovunyelwa umnikazi ukuthi ukuhlela indinyana ebanzi ekuhlukanisweni noma ukukhulisa okukhona.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuvuleka okuvulekile okuvame ukusungulwa kubahleli bamahhala, lapha basiza i-zonate Space. Vele, le nketho ihlinzeka ngamathuba abanzi kakhulu wobuciko, ngoba akukho mingcele ngosayizi kanye nohlobo lokuvula.

Photo 1. I-Intek.

Photo 2. "NIXI"

Photo 3. "Stroyganant"

2, 3. Kunezimiso ezimbili zokuklama ukuvulwa okuvulekile: yenza umngcele phakathi kwezakhiwo ngangokunokwenzeka noma, kunalokho, kugcizelele. Esigagelweni sesibili, unganikeza intando ye-fantasy, ngokwesibonelo, ukusungula ukufakwa kwezinkuni okuhlobisa ngokufakwa okunamabala (isithombe 2) noma ukhubaze uhlobo lokuvula (isithombe 3)

Izindlu zobubanzi ububanzi obuncipha kakhulu buhambelana nobukhulu obujwayelekile be-block eyodwa noma ezimbili zegesi engaphakathi (2050-2150800-1600mm). Imvamisa, banesimo esingunxande, kuvame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni zochungechunge olusha, - I-Arched (okuyindlela, ayikufanele njalo efulethini labanikazi).

Ukusebenza ngokuvulwa okukhona ezimweni eziningi akubili phansi kumklamo wawo wokuhlobisa. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukushintsha ukwakheka kwe-arch; Kwesinye isikhathi ezintshisakalo zokwakheka kwangaphakathi noma ukuze zihambisane kahle nefulethi, kuyadingeka ukwandisa (mancane amathuba okunciphisa) ukuvulwa. Kepha isixazululo salokhu ekuqaleni nje ngumsebenzi olula ungadinga umzamo omkhulu.

Ukwephulwa kusho ukwakha

Iningi lokwakhiwa kabusha okuhambisana noshintsho ngosayizi kanye nohlobo lokuvuleka okukhona, idivaysi yokudluliselwa okusha noma kokudluliselwa kwayo, kumele ihlanganiswe nabaphathi bezinhlangano zezezindlu. Akudingekile ukuthola imvume esemthethweni kuphela ekudilizweni kohlaka (i-drywall) noma uhlaka (ngokugcwaliswa okuvela ku-plywood) i-fraumuga ukwandisa ubude bokuvulwa, kanye nokwakhiwa kokwakhiwa okusha okulula, okuvumela wena ukushintsha ukucushwa kwe-arch. Uma ufuna ukwenza u-arch ukuvula unxande, ngaphandle kokushintsha ubungako obuqondile, ngeke kuhlanganiswe.

Labo abangena emibonweni emikhulu kakhulu, ukuqala, kufanelekile ukufuna izeluleko ekuhlolweni kwezindlu. Ukuya lapho, thatha ikhophi lecebo lecebo bese ubeka kulokhu ozoshintsha. Kufanele ubike, yimiphi imibhalo ezodingeka ukuze uthole imvume yokuthola ukunweba.

Ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezikhethekile, kuzokwazi ukuxhumanisa ukuncishiswa kokuvulwa (uma umthwalo epuletini ye-slab ungandisi) nanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kabusha okuthinta ukwahlukaniswa okungaphakathi kwengaphakathi. Ukuthola ukuthi udonga lomthwali alunjalo, kanye nokufunda ngendawo yodonga-diaphragmms, amakholomu, amakholomu kanye nezibopho zezinto ezenziwe ngezandla (Ukuthinta konke lokhu akunakwenzeka Kumbhali wephrojekthi yendlu noma enhlanganweni ebekezelela ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo (eMoscow, kukhipha iziphetho ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi, i-State Unitary Enterprise "))). MoszhilniaPekt")).

Photo 4. "Stroyganant"

Photo 5. Photo V. Grigoriev

Photo 6. Umklami l. Gubin Photo D. Minkin

4. I-pylon yokuhlobisa ehlekisayo idala isimo sothando esingaphakathi. Kepha awukwazi ukukhohlwa nge- "Life of Life" enzima: Kulokhu, ukubeka umklamo kwakudingeka ukuxhumanisa ukususwa kwesiqephu sodonga lomthwali

5. Idizayini ye-portal yalandelwa kanjena: izinhlangothi zazifakwe ezinhlangothini zesigaba sesigcawu ezenziwe nge-drywall, futhi isod lihlukaniswe ngamaphaneli ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-MDF, lifakwe i-veneer. Ngasodongeni amazakhiwo eziseduze welule ama-eaves abanzi, adlala indima yokugcina ekwakheni isikhala esisodwa se-studio

6. Kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukungena ngaphakathi kokuvulwa okukhona "okungekho emthethweni". Izinhlelo zekhompyutha ze-Designer zizosiza ukuxazulula le nkinga, ivumela "ukuzama" izinketho ezihlukahlukene zokuhlupheka. Ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi akudingi izindleko eziphakeme. Isibonelo, ungafaka kwi-rack yokuvula, eqoqwe kusuka ku-chipboard ejwayelekile ye-lamided futhi kuhlanganiswe nesitayela nombala neminyango yezangaphakathi noma ezinye izinto zesimo

Kuvele ubunzima obukhulu kwezomthetho nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu uma uzokwandisa noma uhlele ukuvula odongeni oluvunayo. Kuzothatha iphrojekthi ethuthukiswe noma evunyelwe ngumklami ekhaya noma olandelwayo wayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungenzeka ukuthi uzodinga ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kokwakha. Lapho ususa izingcezwana zodonga (hhayi abathwali kuphela), ukudlidliza okunamandla kufanele kugwenywe, kuthinte kabi amaphaneli kakhonkolo aqinisiwe aqinisiwe namapuleti, kanye nokuxhumeka kwawo.

Uma ukuvulwa kuthuthukiswa, izindonga eziseduzane kufanele ziyehlise i-drywall ukufihla uhlaka lwensimbi. Izimo ezandisiwe, izindawo zokuphela kwezindonga zikuphamba, zizenza ama-notches ajwayelekile nge-grinder noma ngegridi yensimbi. Ngesendlalelo sesisekelo, sikucebisa ukuthi usebenzise izingxube, ukushaywa ngamandla kwamandla alo okungenani m50.

Kungenzeka ukwenza ifomu elihlanganisiwe ngefreyimu ye- "Reposiry" noma i-perfortor. Inketho yesibili ingcono uma uzopenda izindonga. Kulokhu, kuyinto engathandeki ukufaka ipulangwe noma ezinye izinto zeshidi, ngoba ukuqhekeka ngokuqinisekile kuzovela phakathi kwalo nodonga lwemali.

Photo A.	Photo B.	Photo B.
Photo ngu	Photo D.	Photo E.
Photo j.	Photo Z.	Isithombe I.

Ukudalwa kokuvulwa okusha odongeni olusha lwePhaneli indlu: ngosizo lwe-roulette, izinga lokwakha kanye nekhabhoni odongeni nhlangothi zombili, uphawu olumakiwe ( kepha ). I-disk yencwadi ebonile ukuthi ukhonkolo yenziwa mpo kuqala mpo, bese kuba yi-polontal propuls ( bd ). Isuse ucezu lodonga ( E. ). Njengoba ububanzi bokuvulwa buncane (ngu-960mm kuphela), laliqiniswa, laqeda umsebenzi osatshalaliswa. Ama-racks kanye nama-jumpers enziwe ngesiteshi n 18 ngokukhulu kuka-6mm obukhulu ( J. ). Kufakiwe The Cutting Racks, Ukuwalungisa Nge-Dowels, futhi i-Welded the Upper jumper kusuka esiteshini nangaphansi - kusuka ku-strip ( Z. ). Inqubo eyenziwe (s)

Ukulimala okusebenzayo

Kungenzeka ukuvikela iziphetho zodonga namakhona, futhi ngasikhathi sinye futhi uhlobise ukuvulwa usebenzisa uhlaka, olukhiqizwa ngokuzimela noma oluyalelwe ngenkampani ekhethekile. I-Framing ingcono ukusungula ngemuva kokuthi i-Floore ibekelwe phansi futhi sekuqediwe ukuqeda kwezindonga. Kulula ukuvala izindawo zokuphela kwezindonga ezinamaphaneli epulasitiki amancanyana, kanye namakhona epulasitiki angu-10- 20mm). Lokhu kokugcina kugcotshwa ku-polychlorvinyl noma glue polychloroprene odongeni lodonga. Ukugeza noma ukubheka kusuka odongeni ngaphandle kokulimaza ukuqeda kwakhe, cishe akunakwenzeka, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuvikela ngaphambi kokupenda indawo nge-Scotch. Ukukhishwa kwamakhona namaphaneli wemithunzi ehlukene. Njengomthetho, akhethwe ngombala wangemuva wangemuva ukuze ama-framing awabambi esweni. Ukuntuleka kwamakona epulasitiki ukuthi ubude bawo obukhulu bungu-3M- endabeni ye-romance arch, gwema amalunga ngeke akwazi ukugwema.

Ukuvulwa okungunxande akunzima ukuhlukanisa, ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezijwayelekile zeminyango yezangaphandle - ukunwetshwa kwebhokisi (inhlama) kusuka ku-MDF ye-laminated kanye namapulangwe epulangwe. Ukuze uthole ukufakwa, ukuvulwa kulungele kahle okubizwa nge-telescopic systems nge-puzzle compound, okuvumela ukugwema izikhala phakathi kwepulangwe kanye nenselelo. Ikhithi ifakwe ngosizo "lwezinzipho eziwuketshezi" noma i-silicone sealant. Ngale ndlela, ungahlobisa ukuvula, ububanzi nokuphakama kwawo kungadluli ku-2100 mm. Uma okungenani eyodwa yalezi zinhlaka zizoba zinkulu, kuzofanela kuvunyelwe ukujoyina i-chalk kanye namapulangwe, kanye ne-framing kuzobukeka kungenangqondo.

Ububi obukhulu bokuklama okunjalo ukuthi kufana kakhulu nohlaka lomnyango ojwayelekile, futhi lungaba nombono wokuthi umnyango usanda kukhohlwa ukulengiswa. Ukugwema umphumela onjalo, ama-Architects akwelule ukuhlanganisa uhlobo lohlaka lokuvulwa ngezindonga futhi uvikele izixazululo ezihlukile.

Amasu wamandla

Ukuze uthuthukise ukuvula, uhlaka lwangaphakathi olubunjiwe lwe-welded, ama-racks kanye ne-jumper ephezulu yenziwa kusuka esiteshini noma engela (ezithendeni ezimbili eziphansi), kanye ne "izithende" ezisekelayo zenziwe nge-chapeller noma ekhoneni. Ukuze uhlaka luphikiswa kangcono ngemithwalo emile verforming, ama-racks ahlelwe ezindongeni zezindondo noma izikopelo. Kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa ifreyimu evaliwe (ibha yayo ephansi bese icashile uthayi phansi). Igebe phakathi kwensimbi nokhonkolo kugcwele ngodaka kasimende. Inkinga ukuthi ngaphambi kokufaka ifreyimu enjalo yohlaka ngaphansi kwethonya lokuhanjiswa kwemithwalo okushintshiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuba semkhuba, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuyopha. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphambili. Kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. Nasi esinye sezinketho: odongeni ezinhlangothini zombili, izigaba zihlukaniswe lapho amafreyimu abekwe khona ekhoneni ngamashalofu obubanzi obuhlukile (7530 no-904mm; ngaphansi kwazo kuzogcwaliswa). Ama-rack ahlukaniswe kusuka phansi ngokusekelwa kwamapulatifomu ensimbi futhi "aboshwe" ezindongeni. Kuphela ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwe ngokuphakelayo futhi ususe ucezu lodonga. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa inzuzo yokulayisha okwesikhashana: izinhlangothi zama-slabs okuvula zisuselwa kokuthunyelwe futhi zinqande, zisuse ingxenye yomthwalo odongeni.

Kancane ngezobuciko

Namuhla, ezinye izinkampani ezikhethekile, ezinjenge-Intek, "ihlathi", iRussia (Alle- Russia), kanye neminyango eminingi esekwe efektri ikhiqiza amafreyimu ahlanganisiwe wokuvuleka (okuthiwa yi-Interroom Arch). I-Rhin Enterprise isebenzisa i-lamid and devided MDF veneer, kanye ne-erm yobunjiniyela kaphayini. Phakathi kwamamodeli avezwe emakethe kunemisebenzi emibili enesizotha futhi engazibisi futhi yangempela yobuciko bokubaza. Amanye amasethi anjalo, ukuvulwa okujwayelekile okuxande kulula ukuguqula ku-arch. Imikhiqizo inobubanzi obujwayelekile bokufaka (800, 900 no-1000mm) nokuphakama (2000, 2100 no-2200mm). Zihlomele ngokunwetshwa okuvumela i-arch ekuvulekeni uma ubukhulu bodonga bungeqi ama-500mm. Ama-kits anjalo afaka phakathi kohlaka olufihliwe lwezinkuni ezihlotshisiwe (lubeka ukwakheka kwe-arch), amaphaneli wokugcina kanye namapulangwe. Kwesinye isikhathi amafreyimu afezekisa umhlobiso wokuhlobisa we-FALFFRAMUGA. Iziphetho zodonga zihlukaniswe yi-MDF ekhethekile, i-neetform Bendy (Concepts ecocekile, e-United Kingdom), okulula ukuyigoba (i-minimal band radius - 250mm). Umklamo wonke uqoqwe endaweni.

Photo A.	Photo B.	Photo B.	Photo ngu
Photo D.	Photo E.	Photo j.

Izinketho zezakhi zokuhlanza iminyango yezangaphakathi: amapulazi we-telescopic kanye nepulangwe elihle ( a, b, e, w ), ama-slats amahle ne-docking ( phakathi kwa- ), ibhokisi elibunjiwe linwebeka ( G. ), amabhokisi akhiqizayo nepulangwe elihle ( D.)

Imakethe iveza i-arches ihlelwe njengokuqedela ukuqeda ngama-varnish noma ama-enamels, futhi ngaphandle kwawo. Esigabeni sesibili, ungazakhela owakho wobuciko bokuklama, ukusebenzisa amasu okuqala okufaka imibala. Iziphathimandla zezinkampani eziningi (ngokwesibonelo, i-Intek, iRussia) zinemikhiqizo eqinile ngaphansi kobuchwepheshe obukhethekile.

Ama-oda ngamanye, anjenge-Arkavit, i-Arkatsitre-M, uNixi (wonke-Russia), angakhipha i-arch ngesitayela esisodwa esithengiwe. Izinto ezigqokwa kakhulu ezingavinjelwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukubopha i-Open-Proof-Natural Stone ne-The Onemba. Vele, uhlobo olunjalo lokuqeda ngeke lulinganise kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi. Ihlanganiswe nephephadonga elinopende noma eliboshwe uphawu, kanye nemishini evulekile yophahla, imikhiqizo eyenziwe, ifenisha ezibaziweyo kanye nezitezi ezivela ebhodini eliphikisayo. Uma izindonga zilinganiswe nge-mosaic, azikho izinkinga ngokuvulwa kokuvulwa okungafanele zenzeke: lokhu okuqukethwe kuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kutholakala ngokuphelele kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele.

Kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokuhlobisa ukuvulwa okuvulekile. Abaqambi be-Warsenale basebenzise amawindi ezingilazi nezibuko (ezifakwe emaphethelweni okuvulwa, bayazikhulisa), amabhlokhi engilazi kanye nama-pilon akhanyayo, ahlanganisa i-cork veneer netshe noma i-mosaic. Ungavula futhi ukuvula okuhlekisayo kokuvula ephaseji elifushane, kukhuphuka ngokubonakalayo ukushuba kodonga nge-wardrobe noma i-rack.

Photo 7. "Berendevo Kingdom" Photo K. Manko

Photo 8. Umakhi wezakhiwo i. Firsi Photo K. Manko

Photo 9. Photo V. Grigoriev

Photo 10. "Stroyganant"

7. Ukuvulwa kodonga oqoshiwe, njengomthetho, qinisa amacala, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kukuvumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwawo

8. Indlela elula yokuqeda ukuvulwa okuvulekile ukumboza iziphetho zezindonga zopende wangaphakathi (udonga ngokwalo lungalondolozwa ngephepha lodonga noma ngopende). Le nketho ilungele ukuvulwa okubanzi efulethini elingacacisiwe noma endlini yangasese. Kodwa-ke, abanikazi bezindlu ezincane kufanele bakhunjulwe engqondweni ukuthi amagumbi amaningi, ikakhulukazi amakhona asendaweni edlula, asheshe athathwe. Ukuzivikela, kungcono ukusebenzisa amakha kusuka ezintweni ezihlala isikhathi eside.

9, 10. Uma izindonga zibhekene namaphaneli epulasitiki, okuhlanganisiwe kuvaliwe ekhoneni ( isishiyagalolunye ). Amathayili enziwe ngetshe lemvelo ngokwezifiso ngokwezifiso ( Okuthenyalwayo)

Imininingwane ebalulekile

Lapho uzokwandisa ukuvula okuvele ukhona noma udale okusha, imali eningi oyisebenzisayo kuphrojekthi nokuxhumana kokuvuselelwa kabusha. Iphakethe eligcwele lezinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezikhethekile libiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-55-155. (Kuya ngosayizi wokuvula, uchungechunge lwezindlu, phansi.d.). Umsebenzi ngokwawo akabizi kakhulu: Ukwanda kokuvulwa kuzodla isilinganiso sama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-6-8, ucingo lusha - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-18. Kuliqiniso, uma udinga ukuqinisa udonga, la manani angakhuphuka izikhathi ezi-2-2,5. Okuhlukile ukuvuleka kwawo okuqinisa insimbi okuqinisa i-metal okudingekayo - intengo yokugcina kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60.

Ukudonswa kokuvuleka kwe-MDF e-laminated kumi kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-4. Amamodeli avela ku-Exerger Array of Pines, kanye ne-MDF noma kwi-chipboard, efakwe ngaphakathi ne-veneer, kuzofanela akhokhe okungenani ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14-20. Intengo yama-forms eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kusuka kuhlu lwe-oki noma i-mahogany - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Umsebenzi wokulinganisa nokufaka uvame ukufakwa kwizindleko zomkhiqizo.

Ukukhanya ekuvuleni

Ukwakhiwa kabusha - "I-Nikrus" isithombe se-D. Minkynynable kanye nemikhosi yohlobo lwe-Imperecker luzonikeza amalambu. Amadivaysi anjalo kulula ukunxusa ezakhiweni zozimele ezivela e-drywall. Uma udonga lukhonkolo noma isitini, ukuze lubekhokhwe kuzovumela ukufakwa kwezinkuni okuhlobisa, i-MDF noma i-chipboard. Kuliqiniso, kuzofanela ushiye igebe lezobuchwepheshe (60-150mm, kuya ngohlobo lwamalambu) phakathi kohlaka nodonga, futhi ngenxa yosayizi wokuvulwa angeke kwehle. Ukuvala leli "Gap", ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezikhethekile, ngokwesibonelo, amapulangwe abanzi kakhulu noma izandiso ezenziwe ngesimo seFraumuga. Amacala abi kakhulu, uma ukufakwa kungaphazamisi, yenza ama-resesses odongeni ngesibani ngasinye.

Abahleli babonga inkampani i-Intek, "uNixi", "Stroyganant" ukuze athole usizo ekulungiseni okuqukethwe.