Izici zobuchwepheshe bokwakha baseCanada ngokwesibonelo sokwakhiwa kwendlu enezitezi ezimbili nendawo ephelele ye-299 m2. Indaba yokwakha indlu, umehluko phakathi kobuchwepheshe baseCanada kusuka kwabaseYurophu
Ngesinye isikhathi, phakathi kweziphakamiso zokwakha indlu kubuchwepheshe baseCanada, sabamba okungekho emthethweni: "Le ndlu yaseCanada". Yini leqhinga lokukhangisa? Sibize isimemezelo sazwa: "Indlu iyi-canada ngempela, yaze yakwenziwa, yabe selethelwa lapha, nansi lapha izobuthene." Simane nje asikwazanga ukuvakashela indawo enjalo yokwakha. I-AO iqiniso lokuthi bayibona, iye yatshelwa kule ndaba.
Igama elithi "izindlu zaseCanada" ngenxa yokukhangiswa kwalo kokukhangisa lisanda kuba neRussia uhlobo oluthile olungacacile ... Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokucabanga, babiza izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngokobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene. Uyini, indlu yaseCanada ngempela?
Kungani indlu yohlaka ibizwa ngeCanada?
Lapho izinkulungwane zabafuduki baseYurophu zizonqoba amazwe amasha aseMelika naseCanada, ubuchwepheshe bohlaka lwasinda ekuzalweni kwesibili futhi lwalungenziwa lula. Ama-racks, imishayo nokudalulwa kwesigaba esincane esisezingeni eliphansi kunasezakhiweni ezinamapulangwe, kwaqala ukuhlwanyela ezinhlangothini ezimbili ngamapulangwe, kanye ne-cavity - kuthululelwe ngezinto ezithambile zomonga (ngokwesibonelo, izigaxa ze-hop). Izimo zokufuduka kancane kwezinto zabantu kusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga, i-carcass enjalo yaphenduka kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe obuvunyelwe ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele indlu, bese uqoqa endaweni entsha. Ijaji, ngemuva kokunyamalala isidingo sokuhamba kanye nezindlu, abantu baqhubeka nokwakha izakhiwo ngohlaka olulula futhi olunomnotho, oluthola iMelika naseCanada futhi likhona lapha emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa.
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1. Ngokwezinga eliphakeme lamanzi avela ngaphansi komhlaba akhiwe ngeSisekelo Esingajwayelekile: Kwakhiwa i-Monolithic Slab efudumele yeMonolithic (ukuxhumana kwezobunjiniyela kwabekwa ngaphansi kwawo), ngaphezulu kwawo amateyipu nezinsika ezesekelwe ezenziwe ngezitini.
2. Futhi phezulu kwafakwa uthayi lukakhonkolo: Kwagcwala amanzi asuswayo, ebanjwe odongeni ngamabakaki entwasahlobo ensimbi.
3. Amakholamu okuqala ku-waler elinganambitheki abeka imishayo ye-composite "main" phansi.
I-4.cyrpic engaphansi kwesitezi se-tepi ngokusebenzisa ungqimba lwama-anchor ama-anchor ama-anchor anamathiselwe ibhodi le-antisepted.
I-CHXXV., Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, gxuma ebukhali kwenzeka ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe bokwakha indlu. Abantu babedinga izindlu, futhi indlu yamathambo ngokhuni yavumela abaningi ukuba baxazulule le nkinga. Ukukhula okufunwayo kuvuse intuthuko entsha. UHulumeni waseCanada utshale imali enkulu kuleso sikhathi futhi uyaqhubeka ukukwenza kuze kube manje. Kungakho izindlela eziningi zakamuva nemishini eye yasetshenziswa manje ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokhuni, ezisunguliwe futhi kwaqala ukushumeka eCanada. Faka izindlu ezinjalo emhlabeni wonke canadasqelar, leli gama lihlelwe ngumklamo, hhayi ngemuva komenzi. Kusuka eCanada, ubuchwepheshe bukahlaka bawela eYurophu baphinde badlula ngokuphelele lapho. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaseYurophu bebengagcini nje ngokubolekwa, kepha bathuthukisa uhlobo lwaseCanada. Ngenxa yalokho, imiqondo emibili yokwakhiwa kwezindlu zokhuni ihlala ndawonye emhlabeni.
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I-5-7. I-Beams efanelekile kanye nokusekelwa kwensimbi okuvinjelwe kohlaka lweplatifomu ye-Overlap kusuka ebhodini lika-23538mm (kuqiniswa yimichilo yokhuni ezungeze i-perimeter). Uhlaka lwafakwa kufreyimu enesitezi esiqinile kusuka kuma-osp-slabs ngobukhulu be-18mm.
8. Okwehlalisweni kwama-osp-slabs kubangele ukumaka, kusiza umhlangano wezinto zozimele ekwakhiweni okukodwa kanye nokufakwa kwalo. Idizayini yokuqala eqoqwe isiphenduke udonga olukhulu lwegumbi lokuphumula elinezithukuthuku ezimbili namawindi amaningi nebhomu.
Izindlela ezimbili kuya kwenhloso eyodwa
Izinhlobo zanamuhla zokwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe bezindlu zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: Uhlaka lwefreyimu nohlaka. Okokuqangelwa kokuqala (ngendlela ehlukile, ibizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe bephaneli evulekile) efektri, iqoqo lezinhlaka eziqoqiwe zamaphaneli anomugqa ohlangothini olulodwa-ngaphandle. Amapulazi ophahla nawophahla nawo alethwa ngamapuleti amatafula acaba. Ukusuka emaphaneli nasemapulazini esakhiweni, uhlaka lwendlu luyaqoqwa, olubekiwe ngaleso sikhathi (ngasikhathi sinye, ukufakwa okuvela ngaphakathi kuvikelwe yi-vaporizoation kanye ne-trim). Ithimba labakhi bakha indawo yokwakha ka-200m2 izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Ubuchwepheshe bezinhlaka (kubhekwa njengokuhlanjululwa kwe-classic) okutholwe e-USA naseCanada.
Inketho ye-Frame-Panel (noma ubuchwepheshe bamaphaneli avaliwe) ibonakala ngokuthi ifektri ihambisa amaphaneli enziwe ngokuphelele ezindonga nokugqagqana. Baphinde babuthana ngohlaka lwamapulangwe, kepha behlakazekile futhi banciphile kusuka kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Endaweni yokwakha, la mapaneli ahlala esoptwa kuphela. Qoqa indlu ka-200m2 ngale ndlela kungenzeka amasonto ayi-1.5-2. Ubuchwepheshe be-Frame-Panel buthandwa eYurophu.
Isikhamu se-pneumatic
Kuyadingeka ukuthi kungani ezweni elithuthukile, njengeCanada, ungasebenzisi ubuchwepheshe bephaneli elivaliwe. Kuvela ukuthi yonke into isemithethweni enzima kakhulu yokwamukelwa kwendlu, eyenziwa yiCanada State Inspectorate. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlaka luhlangene, ukufakwa kufakwe kuwo futhi kumbozwe ngolwelwesi ezinhlangothini zombili (bakha ikhaphethi eliqinile ngenxa yokukhanyisa ama-jacks we-adtsch), kepha akukho okufumekayo kwangaphakathi. Umhloli uletha i-batch ngayinye yamaphaneli futhi ulandelela isimo sawo usebenzisa isikena esishisayo. Ukungatholi umshado, kubeka isiginesha ngaphansi koMthetho. Isigaba sesibili sokwamukelwa senziwa lapho indlu isilungele ukulethwa, futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kunasekuqaleni. Faka i- "Damper", ifakwe iphampu, eyakhipha umoya, idale i-vacuum. Umhloli uphawula, ngasiphi isivinini somoya sigeleza sibuyele emuva kuma-slots. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kunalokho kufanele, akusayini isenzo sokwamukela. Ingabe kubalulekile ukuba ngaphansi kwamadokhumenti umhloli wesiginesha? Ngeke kube khona isiginesha, ibhange lizoyeka ukwakhiwa kwezimali. Kanzima? Kepha ngempumelelo! Futhi eYurophu akukho isheke elinzima kangaka, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bamaphaneli avaliwe buphethwe lapha.
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9-11. I-TheTen yaqoqwa kusuka ezintweni eziningana futhi yabopha ulwelwesi lokufakelwa komswakama (9) kulo ukuze lokhu kwamboza uhlaka lwe-swelep (10). Udonga lwalunamathiselwe phansi (11).
Indlu yesitsha
Ngakho-ke, indlu yangempela yaseCanada yisakhiwo esiqoqwe kusetshenziswa isethi yohlaka lwefreyimu yohlaka nohlaka kanye namapulazi okuvuthwa kwefekthri. Unga-oda isethi enjalo usebenzisa iphrojekthi ejwayelekile (kushibhile, ngoba kunemibhalo edingekayo yokukhiqiza) noma umuntu (inketho yesibili ibiza ngokwemvelo).
Kumele ngithi eCanada, amafemu amakhulu okwakha indlu azama ukungalinganiselwe ekunikezeni isethi yamaphaneli futhi nawo anikela ngayo ukuthenga amafasitela, iminyango, ukufakwa, ukufakwa komswakama kanye namafilimu ombhoshongo we-vapor, ukuphaphamba Material It.p. Thenga yonke into endaweni eyodwa ayizuzisi kuphela ngoba i-Wholesale eshibhile. Umnikazi ulungele, ngoba inkampani eyodwa ibhekele ukulethwa. U-Ithem ozoqoqa indlu, nayo ifanelana. Amakhosi avule isitsha alethwe emotweni (izingxenye zendlu enendawo engama-200m2 ahlale endabeni ezintathu noma ezine) nangosizo lwesithwebuli esifana naleso esisetshenziswayo Funda ngesikhathi sokulayisha ngokupakishwa okwenziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, bazi kahle ukuthi mangaki imikhiqizo elethwa nokuthi iyini.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngabakhi be-Weisroe Home Distribuuny (Russia), sebethole iziqukathi ezafika ngaphandle kolwandle ngeqoqo lemininingwane (eCanada). Indaba yethu eyengeziwe imayelana nokuthi dolobhana edolobhaneni lazo lahlala kanjani endaweni engama-299m2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lale nqubo likhonjiswa ezithombeni, futhi umbhalo uchaza kuphela izici ezihlukile zekhaya lamanje laseCanada ezichaziwe.
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12. Ngemuva kokubekwa okugcwele okuthe mpo, iphaneli lalilungisiwe kulesi sikhundla lisebenzisa imikhumbi yesikhashana yokhuni, elethwe ukuphela okukodwa kuhlaka lwephaneli, abanye banamathela phansi.
13. Ukufaka iphaneli endaweni eyabelwe kuye isize isicelo sangaphambi kokufakwa endaweni yokungena phansi.
14. I-Press yaqoqwa futhi yafakwa endaweni eqondile ngephaneli elilandelayo. Uhlaka lwayo luboshwe ngohlaka olusevele lubekiwe, lufaka izipikili nge-screwdrough.
I-15-17. Amaphaneli ngemuva kwephaneli- futhi ingaphandle (15) (15) (15) adonswa okokuqala, bese kuthi izindonga zangaphakathi zendlu (16). Emhlanganweni wamapaneli amabili noma ngaphezulu, kwenzeke izinto eziqinisiwe. Ukusekelwa okunamandla kakhulu kwenkampani yenethiwekhi kwakuwuhlaka lwenqwaba yendawo yomlilo yesikhathi esizayo (17).
Izici
Isici 1: Isisekelo. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu eCanada (futhi muva nje eRussia) Uhlobo lwesisekelo yibhande elincane elingasindi, kanye ne-monolithic eqinisiwe. Amateyipu kuwo atholakala ngaphansi kwezindonga zangaphandle (ezungeze umngcele wendlu). Amakholomu anamandla (ibanga phakathi kwawo awekho ngaphezu kwe-3M) asebenze njengokusekelwa kwezindonga zangaphakathi. Ukuphakama kwezimbambo namakholomu kukhethwa ukubalwa okunjalo ukuze esikhaleni ngaphansi kokugqagqana kungahambisa umuntu ngokukhululekile.
Ukwakha i- "Techpodoolone" enjalo, phishekela imigomo emibili. Okokuqala, ukuba kulo, izisebenzi zizobeka ukufakwa (okwedlule zingabekwa kuphela ngemuva kohlaka nophahla lwendlu sezilungile, uma kungenjalo kukhona ubungozi bokuthi lokho okuqukethwe yinto ebonakalayo. Okwesibili, kuzonikeza ithuba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuhlola ama-design ngaphansi kwezinga lokunqamula.
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18-20. Lapho izindonga zesitezi sokuqala zifakwe ngokuphelele, izisebenzi ezingaphansi kobuholi bochwepheshe baseCanada baqala ukufaka uhlaka lwamandla okugcwala, okwakhiwa amakhonkolo amade (18) kanye nokwesekwa kwezigxobo ( 19). Imishayo yenziwe ngokhuni lwe-LVL igcwele i-veneer emnene (ifana ne-paneur), ama-racks - kusuka kuzinkuni ze-psl glued kusuka kuma-chips amancanyana (20).
Esimweni lapho, isisekelo esinjalo asikwazanga ukusungulwa ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, abaklami nabakhi basebenzise isixazululo sokuqala: Yakhele i-monolithic insured (kusetshenziswa ipuleti ekhishwe yi-polystyrere foam 80mm), isisekelo salokho okwakukhona ekujuleni okungu-0.7m (mayelana ne-IVD ", 2008, N 11), wabe esebekwa emibonweni yezitini nezinsika. Ngaphambi kokuqala umhlangano wendlu, emathepheni angaphandle kwesendlalelo sokufaka amanzi asetshenzisiwe. Kwakuboshwe ngesendlalelo sokungena kwamanzi ngaphansi kweSisekelo Slab, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe ngokuphelele isikhala esithi "I-Techseproi" kusuka ekungeni kokungena komswakama wenhlabathi.
Isici 2: Izindlu ezindlini ekhaya. E-Nakanad, uhlelo lokulinganisa okungelona metric (intshi) lusatshalaliswa. Lokhu kubeka umfutho wosayizi hhayi kuphela izakhiwo uqobo, kodwa futhi omiswe kumswakama ka-15% wezingodo zangasese. Ngakho-ke, uhlaka lwezindodo ezithathwayo lwenziwa kusuka emabhodini 14038mm (amasentimitha angama-62), ifreyimu yokuhlukaniswa kanye namabhodi angama-89g 38mm (amasentimitha angama-42), okuqoqwe endaweni) - 23538mm (amasentimitha ayi-102).
Kunelukuluku lokuthi uhlaka aluzange lucutshungulwe. Okwenziwayo omisiwe, lokhu kusebenza kubhekwa njengento engenamsebenzi: Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5-6 esihlahleni, akukho mkhondo wanoma yimuphi umthelela emthini, futhi ngeke akwazi ukukwenza. Ukukhishwa kwezitho zokhuni ezisemgwaqweni (imishayo kanye namathafa), futhi nokuxhumana nokhonkolo (ibhodi lokuhlanza): Basafakwa nge-ocide ye-organic (quaternary alkaline yethusi).
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21-22. Abakhi baseKleken Racks bafakwa kalula ngesandla, futhi baphakamise imishayo esindayo e-LVL Wood (21), i-winch yathatha. Imishayo eguqukayo (22) Esigabeni ayiphansi kakhulu kune-Longitudinal futhi ngakholula, futhi izisebenzi zabakhulisa ngesandla kakhulu.
23-26. Ngemuva kokuba uhlaka lwamandla wokugcwala lwalumiswe, izisebenzi zabeka imishayo - ama-lags ngesigaba sika-23538mm. Isiphetho esisodwa sokuphela kwaso sasisuselwa odongeni, okwesibili kwadliwa imishayo yohlaka lwamandla kusetshenziswa izinto zensimbi nokushaya ngezikulufo (23,24). Phezu kohlaka lweFlora, kwakukhona amapuleti e-Asp-Plates anobukhulu be-18mm. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwafakwa izinkuni zokhuni zezinhlobo ezimbili phakathi kwezikhathi phakathi kwemishayo yokulingisa (uhlobo lwesikhala oludingekayo luchazwe esigabeni sokuklama): Ukuqamba okulula (25) nokuqinile (26) .
Isici 3: Sebenzisa izinto ezifakiwe. Amaphaneli wangezindonga zangaphandle ancishiswa ama-OSB-Plates amelana nomswakama (i-Oriental Strand Board, isifinyezo saseRussia-i-I.e. ethambekeleni ye-chipboard) 15mm ubukhulu be-chipboard) 15mm obukhulu. Lawa mapuleti nawo asetshenziselwa ukudala okuphansi nophahla oluphansi (ubukhulu 18 no-16mm, ngokulandelana).
Izinsika zezethenjwa zokugcwala kohlaka lwamandla ezenziwe nge-PSL-Timber (parallel strand lomber) - Izinto ezivela kuma-chip acindezelwe futhi agcwele izinkuni ezifanayo. Ama-embossed beams wokuqaqa kanye nama-skate run enziwe nge-LVL-Bar (amapulangwe e-veneer e-lamined) asuselwa endaweni egcwele noma indawo ephelele yemicu (indlela yokuqondisa inquma yezakhiwo).
Hhayi-ke, uthini? Abantu baseCanada bazovikela ihlathi labo, esikhundleni sezinto zokhuni (kufaka phakathi amandla anamandla) ngokuphumelelayo nangokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifakwe emanzini ezenziwe ngokucishe kube yilapho sijwayela imfucuza.
Isici 4: Ukufakelwa. Ngeke sisho ukuthini ngempela ukufakwa kwabakhiqizi baseCanada, naseViceroy Homes Amakhaya asebenzisa amakhaya ama-Johns Manville (USA) asuselwa ku-fiberglass. Ukusebenza kwayo okushisayo kungu-0.04W / (m c). Ukungenzi komshini kufaka ama-20% e-20% yengilazi yesibili, kepha akukho okuphathelene ne-formaldehyde, kuthatha indawo yayo ngesisekelo se-acrylic (impahla inombala omhlophe wemvelo). Ubukhulu bokufakwa kwezindonga zangaphandle bungama-150mm, ekuhlukaniseni okungaphakathi - 100mm, ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi eziphansi - 2006mm (ophahleni lwesitezi sokuqala - 206mm), ophahleni "Pie" - 400mm.
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27-28. Ukwenza lula futhi wenze umsebenzi ophephile ekufakweni kwamaphaneli ezindongeni zesitezi sesibili, ufake izitebhisi, ezinjengephaneli, zasabalalisa. Ngemuva kokuphela kokwakhiwa, kuhlanzwe, kuhlanzwe futhi kupende - kuleli fomu futhi abanikazi bendlu bazothola. Uma bafuna, bazishintshele. Abasebenzi bakwa-Apokok bazophakamisa iphaneli kuyo futhi bakhule izindonga zesitezi sesibili (28) ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo nezindonga zokuqala.
29-32. I-docking yamaphaneli abheke phezulu phakathi kwawo yayivinjelwe nge-polytarp-super polyethylene ungqimba (29.30). Lokhu okuqukethwe kunesimo semvelo, okubuye kusetshenziselwe ukwenziwa kwemishini yabavakashi kanye nemikhiqizo yokupakisha. Lapho belungiselela ukufakwa kwephaneli ezindongeni zesitezi sesibili, ulwelwesi lokufakelwa komswakama engxenyeni yabo engezansi behlelwe ngeNasha (ngemuva kokufakwa, ihlanganisa ukuphela kwesihlangu esivinjiwe) (31). Iziphuzo, ukugcina amaphaneli endaweni ebheke phezulu (29.32), kususwe kuphela ngemuva kokuphela kokukhuphuka kophahla
Isici 5: Ukufakelwa kokufakelwa. Ukuze kulondolozwe izakhiwo zokufakelwa, kufanele zivikelwe ngokuthembekile ekuhlaseleni nasekungeniseni umswakama. Ngaphambi kokufaka amaphaneli endaweni, i-Sound-Proof-proof membrane tyvek homewrap (DuPont, USA) ihlelwe ngaphandle. Ngemuva kokuphela komhlangano wamalunga amaphaneli uyagula nge-scotch ekhethekile. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, ukufakwa kuvimbela ungqimba lwe-vaporizolation. Kuyindwangu elukiwe emihubheni emincane ye-polyethylene futhi yavutha ifilimu kusuka kulwazi olufanayo ezinhlangothini zombili. Ngenxa yalokho, ukufakwa kuvela ukuthi kubekwe uphawu odongeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, okuthiwa umphumela we-thermos kuphakama, ukuhlinzeka ngezimpawu eziphezulu zokonga ukushisa zesakhiwo.
Mayelana ne-Russian Swamp
Lapho amaphaneli ahlangene emklamweni owodwa, mhlawumbe okunzima kakhulu ukuwavalela omunye komunye, ukuze acele, asebenzise isibhamu se-pneumatic ngezipikili zesikulufa. Kungenzeka ukuthi kulokhu eCanada kukhona amanye amathuluzi akhethekile (isikulufa Manual noma Medical Clamps IT.p.). Kusele izimo zethu ngale njongo, kusetshenziswe iqoqo lezimpawu ezintathu ze-lever clamps. Umuntu ophambukayo wakwenza kusukela ekuqinisweni okunobubanzi obungu-30mm ngqo endaweni yokwakha ngokoqobo imizuzu eyi-15. Kwavela futhi kushibhile, futhi ithuluzi elisebenza kahle.
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Kepha noma ngabe kufanelekile kanjani, ama-vaporizolation, amabanga aphansi (ahlala avela kwinqubo yomsebenzi womuntu) kungekudala akwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kokufakwa. Kukuhlaka lwezindlu zozimele okumele zifakwe umoya omncane we-affered eqeda amandla. Ngakho-ke, eCanada, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokufudumeza umoya luvame ukusetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi umoya omncane kanye nomoya womoya. Kodwa-ke, abathuthukisi basekhaya basayenqaba ukusebenzisa imishini enjalo, bayakushukumisela izindleko zayo eziphakeme namazinga aphezulu omsindo ashicilelwe. Bayenqaba izinhlelo zomoya omncane, zikhawulelwe ngocingo lwe-hoods yemvelo egumbini lokugezela nasekhishini. I-Azry: Ngemuva kuka-5-7, umswakama uqongelelwa ekufakweni, kuzolahlekelwa yizakhiwo zawo, futhi uhlaka luzoqala ukubola.
Isici 6: Isakhiwo. Ukuhlelwa kwangaphakathi kwezindlu zaseCanada nakho kunezici zayo ezihlukile. Isibonelo, kukhona amakamelo, abizwa nge-Loft. Yini? I-Loft ehunyushwe kusuka kusiNgisi isho "ijuba", "attic" noma "innal ngaphansi kophahla". Yonke leli gama yaqala ukusayina uhlobo olukhethekile (futhi olungabizi kakhulu) lokuhlala, luphinde lwahlome kabusha kulowo owayeyi-workshop noma indawo yokugcina izinto. Abantu baseCanada baphinde babhekise endaweni etholakala enohlobo lwe-balcony yangaphakathi. Kulapho lapho umuntu ewa, ekhuphuka izitebhisi, bese - kunoma yimaphi amakamelo esitezi sesibili. Indlu enjalo igumbi awekho futhi isebenza njengohlobo lwegumbi lokuhlala. Ukusuka lapha ungabona ingaphakathi lendlu, ikakhulukazi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyenzeka endaweni yokuzimela esitezi sokuqala (ngokwesibonelo, ngaphandle kokuqhela emsebenzini, bheka izingane zidlala lapho).
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33-34. Ukuhlelwa kwendlu eyakhiwe sathola okubaluleke kakhulu, ngombono wethu, emikhakheni: izindonga zesitezi sesibili kwezinye izindawo zikhuphuka ngaphezulu kophahla lwe-60-70 cm. Ngenxa yalokhu, isibhengezo esiseduze kwabo sinokuphakama okuncane kakhulu futhi singasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokudala izindawo ezigcina impahla (33.34). Le sakhiwo yindabuko yezindlu zaseCanada lapho indawo yesibili yaphansi ingencane kakhulu kunasekuqaleni.
Isakhiwo esingu-35-38.Stropyl saqoqwa kusuka emapulazini aqediwe: I-W-35), unxantathu (36) noma i-flat-parallel (37), ezindaweni ezibhekele kakhulu ezazenziwe. Thuthukisa i-Sprain phezu kweVeranda (38) yadalwa yindlela yokwakha.
29-40. I-Surcycle Rafal yabekwa phansi e-Osp-Slabs, kwabekwa ungqimba lokungena kwamanzi khona, bese kuthi-tile katumumen ethambile (39). I-pitch yovuthi yophahla ezindongeni emugqeni ngamunye wamathayili yayifakiwe i-metallic tint (40).
Isici 7: IWindows. Kunamafasitela aseChamber-Chamber anokugcwaliswa kwe-argon kanye nokuqokwa okuphansi okuphansi kwe-E2. Lawa amawindi ase-United States naseCanada anikezwa uphawu lwenkanyezi yamandla, ekhombisa imigqa ephansi kakhulu yokushisa ehambisana nabo. Vele, ukukhazimula kwe-panoramic, kwenziwa ukusebenzisa ngisho namafasitela anjalo, kudinga ukufudumeza okwengeziwe. Kepha kulokhu, kwanele ukusungula abahambisa i-Inexfx ngaphansi kwabo.
Isici 8: attic. Njengoba kungenjalo ngokumangalisayo, kodwa endlini yaseCanada, ukuphakama okuhlangene kusetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni lapho kungenzeki khona ukuxazulula inkinga yokungena komoya omncane ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, endlini ebhekwayo, yadalwa kuphela egumbini lokuphila eliphila njalo. I-apode iningi lophahla olunhlobonhlobo ngenxa yokuphakama okukhulu kwamapulazi ahlukahlukene futhi alisho lutho uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bophahla wophahla lwamapulazi (400mm), kwavela indawo ye-attic. Kuyisikhala se-attic, hhayi i-attic: ukuhamba lapha kunzima ukuphazamisa amapulazi towerower ngaphezulu kokufakwa okufakwe ku-400mm ukukhuphuka. Ukuphefumula kwaleli gumbi kwenziwa ngendlela yakudala - amafasitela acwaningili noma ama-grilles agxiliswe emisebenzini.
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41-43. Ukufaka i-Canadian Plastic Windon, abakhi badinga kuphela ukuyifaka ngaphandle kwendlu ekuvuleni, baqonde futhi bavikeleze amandla (41), bese bebe becela imvume: Kuphrofayela yefasitela ezungeze umkhawulo we-perimeter, futhi amapuleti akhuphukayo (42). Ngokufaka amawindi, abakhi baqalile ukubeka ukufakwa, okumbozwe ukufakwa kwe-vapor. Phezu kwalokho kufakwe kufakwe eColour PVC Communications (43)
Isici 9: imibhalo. I-Engineering Communications Amapayipi afakwa ngqo ngaphansi kwe-drewwall emcibizayo. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi ekwakhiweni kwemibhalo esendlini akuwona nje kuphela ukushisa nokushisa kwamandla (kuqukethe iziteshi zokushisa zesakhiwo namandla alo asetshenziswayo), kodwa futhi nencwajana yemiyalo yesakhiwo. I-Twin iqukethe imininingwane mayelana nendawo yezinto ezifihliwe zohlaka, izintambo ze-wiring, amanethiwekhi wobunjiniyela iT.P.
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44-49. Izokuxhumana zobunjiniyela ezingekho ezindongeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nophahla (44). Lesi sikhungo, esiguqula amapayipi okushisa, kwakuyigumbi le-boiler (45), lapho kwakufakwa khona ama-boilers ajwayelekile egesi esikhundleni somoya. Ukusuka ngaphakathi kwendlu kuya kohlaka lwamapulangwe, amaphrofayli ahlanganisiwe (46) ayenamathiselwe futhi ahlukumeze nge-plasterboard (47), ukuxhumana okujabulisayo. Ngaphandle kwesisekelo kwafakwa i-polystyrenererererererene expredyrene (48) futhi wadala umnene ofudumele. Iziphethu zompheme kanye ne-veranda zadalwa ngekhonkolo ekhonkolo (49).
I-50-51. Ngokwesicelo sekhasimende, udonga ngaphandle lwaluhlaselwa ngokungezwani ne-polystyrere foam (ungqimba 30mm), olubekwe kugridi yepulasitiki, bese lubekwa ngetshe lokufakelwa (50,51). AmaFrones ambozwe futhi ambozwe ngopende we-facade okhanyayo.
Isici 10: Intengo yombuzo. Izindleko ze-1M2 zeNdlu yaseCanada zingama-ruble angama-27900. I-ITO, ibheka ukwakheka (900rub. / M2), ukukhiqiza nokulethwa ezitsheni ngaphesheya kolwandle (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3 (ama-rubles ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3), ama-rubles ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3), ubunjiniyela ama-gaskets, kufaka phakathi ugesi, amapayipi, ukulethwa kwamanzi okushisayo nokubandayo kanye nohlelo lokushisa kwamanzi (ama-ruble afudumele (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-10 / m2) kanye nomhlobiso wezomnotho (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3 ).
Ngokunokwenzeka eCanada, i-1M2 isengaphansi kwendlu enjalo, okusho ukuthi sebenqume ukuthi banqume yini inkinga yezindlu ezingabizi. Mhlawumbe uma wethula umthetho ozimele wekhwalithi yokwakha, sizoba nendawo engabizi futhi ehlelekile yokuhlala?
Ukuchazwa kwesitezi sokuqala
2. I-Tambour ......................................................................... ............ .6,9M2
3. indlu yangasese ............................................................................. .. .3m2.
4. IKhabhinethi ....................................................................... .15m2.
5. IHholo ..................................................................... .. ......................m2
6. Igumbi lokuhlala ............................................................... . .47.9m2.
7. I-restroom ............................................ 22,3m2
8. Igumbi lokudlela ......................................................... ...............................3M2.
9. Ikhishi ....................................................................... ............ ....... 16,4m2
10. IHholo ....................................................................... .. ...... 3,4 m2
11. Ukuhlanza ..................................................................1m2
12. IGarage ................................................................... .. .... 46,1m2
13. Ithala elimboziwe ................................................................................................................................................................................................9m2
14. Vula ithala (ngokuzithandela) ............ 24m2
Ukuchazwa kwesitezi sesibili
2. Isibani sesibili
3. Igumbi lokulala ..................................................................... .17,2m2
4. Igumbi lokulala ......................................................................... ............ .31,5m2.
5. Indlu yokugezela ye-Master ...............................................4,4m2
6. umnikazi wekhabethe ............................. 2.8M2
7. I-Wardrobe Hostess ..............................................................8M2
8. Igumbi lokulala ............................................................... ... 14,2m2
9. Igumbi lokugezela ........................................................... ... 4,5m2
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani ethi "Weisroy Hohamz Distribusch" ngosizo lokulungiselela lokho okuqukethwe.