Isu lokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba zeNdlu Yezwe: Umlando kanye nomkhuba wanamuhla, izimiso zokwakha ikhaya elikhulayo ngesibonelo esithile
Ukuchazwa kwesitezi sokuqala
2. I-Tambour ......................................................3m2
3. IHholo ......................................... .. 5.7m2
4. Ikhishi ................................................ 8m2
5. Igumbi lokudlela - igumbi lokuhlala ............ 18.1m2
6. Indlu yokugezela ..................................................6m2
7. Igumbi lokuhlala ............................6m2
Kanjani "kwakhula" i-hut yaseRussiaERussia, lesi sihlahla besilokhu siyizinto ezingabizi kakhulu. Yakhiwa kuyo kusukela ezinqubeni nasemasontweni kuya ezindlini - iV. Kwakungokhokho bethu ababengowokhokho bethu?
Isisekelo sendlu. Isisekelo sesakhiwo sokuhlala sasiyi-cage eqoshiwe - ikhabethe lelogi le-trigonal trigonal lemiqhele engu-12-16 eyakhiwe ngamalogi amane. Emakhoneni wekhabethe le-log, izingodo zazihlanganiswa zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zesandla: "Emaphethelweni", "esihlahleni" (Sitshele ngezindlela eziphambili zokwenza ukubhala ku- "IVD", 2009, №7).
Izisekelo. Babeka ikhreyithi enjalo esisekelweni sezinhlobo ezimbili. Uhlobo lokuqala esibonakala kwitheyipu ngokuya ngesigama sanamuhla: ngaphansi kwamakhona, futhi kaningi kanye nalo lonke ubude bezindonga, izindonga zamagogo. Okwesibili ngendlela, sizoqala ikholamu: Ngaphansi kwamakhona okusikiwe kanye nama-liardes afake ama-chumbas wobubanzi obukhulu - "izihlalo". Izindonga zezingodo ezincanyana zazigcwele phakathi kwazo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, okuthiwa yiDumplings (Rizbitsa) kwenzeka ngaphansi kwendlu: Ehlobo kwakusetshenziselwa izidingo zezomnotho, futhi ebusika bagcina imfuyo. Noma yisiphi isisekelo senzelwe ukungangeni manzi - izindawo eziwugqinsi ze-Beresta.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinduna ezifuywayo zazibonisa izifunda ezisenyakatho yezwe, kanye nenyakatho, kukhuphuka uthango.
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1-3.Crant Boulsers (1) kanye nezihlalo "zokhuni" (2) zazitholakala kuma-engeli kanye ne-anglervit. Uphahla lwendlala elambile lunama-tese "ekhadini" (3) - amabhodi elomu aphezulu amboze amahlandla ama-bottoms aphansi.
Izindlu nezindlu. Manje sichaza ukucushwa kwezindlu. Abantu abacebile babeka isitezi esinezindlu eziyisithupha noma indlu: Lapho kwakhiwa ngasikhathi sinye, kwakhiwa izindonga ezimbili zangaphakathi zangaphandle (esiphambanweni, izindonga zangaphakathi zihlangana ngama-engeli angakwesokudla). Abantu bacebile, ababenomndeni omkhulu, bakhe umngcele onamahlanu, lapho odongeni lwesihlanu behlukanisa indlu zibe izingxenye ezimbili. Ngokuphathelene nale miklamo emibili, asizange sibe yize, igama elithi "indlu" lalisetshenziswa, hhayi "i-hut" - ebizwa kanjalo ngenhlonipho kangaka. Kepha abacebile nabacebile ngaso sonke isikhathi bebengesikhulu, futhi iningi lakhiwa izindlu ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Ukuqala, indlu eyodwa ye-log yafakwa ngosayizi cishe cishe ngo-66Mola ngegumbi elilodwa elingaphakathi, kodwa ngesithando somlilo, okungukuthi, ukufudumala. Kwakungu "empumalanga" - "Isingeniso" - "Istba" - Izba. Amawele aqala phansi phansi izingodo ezilele ezindongeni ezivela ezinhlelweni eziwugqinsi (zigoqana eceleni kwelogi) ukuze imali ibekwe eceleni kwendlu, kusukela emnyango kuya emafasiteleni. Sahlala esiqondisweni esifanayo ekuhumusheni kanye nophahla oluvela kuTesa, okuthi phezu kwamahlamvu aphezulu afakiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa, kususa ophahleni lwesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhasi angaba yinde (egcwele ubude be-skate) noma amafushane (okuthiwa nguDuries). Idizayini yophahla olunjalo ihlukile: yaqoqwa ngaphandle kwesipikili esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, kwakulula ukuhlukaniswa ophahleni, futhi lokhu kwasetshenziswa zombili lapho kulungiswa (esikhundleni sokushintshana ngezinto ezijikelezayo ezintsha), nangokwakhiwa kwendlu.
Ngaphezu kophahla lweSaMtov, ophahleni lwefreyimu nabo babekhona. Ngokusho komklamo, ngokuvamile babefana nabesilisa, kuphela amakhosi amade athembele ezingotsheni zezingodo, kodwa ezifundeni ezimile ezibheke phezulu ezinamathiselwe oboyeni ongaphezulu wekhabethe lelogi noma elibekwe ngaphezulu kwalo.
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4. I "Twin" yakhiwa amakhabethe amabili welog. Kwakusakazeke kabanzi, "ukuxhumana" - kugayiwe ezimbili kude futhi kwaneliswa phakathi kwazo. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwa indlu enjalo ezigabeni.
5. Uhlobo luphezulu kokukhula kwama-huts: hhayi kuphela izakhiwo zokuphila nezomnotho ezisuswa ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. "P" Izakhiwo Zokuhlala, kodwa futhi zilele phakathi kwazo.
6.Ontholby High Porch uhola ngomqondo wehlobo (kwesokudla) nobusika (kwesobunxele) ingxenye yendlu. Esithombeni, kubonakala ngokusobala ukuthi udonga lwe-seine luyisahluko kuphela kwisilo sobusika bethu.
Ukunwetshwa kwendlu. Ekuqaleni, ithambo elisindayo elivela kumalogi amancanyana noma Jeria wakhangwa umnyango wendlu. Lesi sikhungo safingqiswa ngaphansi kokujwayelekile ngophahla oluphunyuka, kepha aluzange ludlule. Kuyadingeka ukumboza (noma, njengoba bekhuluma nendulo, ngesihle, kanye negama) okokufaka futhi bahlale befudumele kwiHut. Lapho umndeni ukhula futhi inani lomsebenzi wesikole enwetshiwe kuwo ezindlini "zeChamber-Chamber" zasondelana. Kuningi lapho abanikazi beqoqiwe imali, yaqala ukukhula ngosayizi.
Indlela elula yokwandisa le ndawo kwakuyithuluzi lokubizwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukwamukelwa kokunwetshwa kokuncishiswa okwengeziwe kusuka ezindongeni ezintathu. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela bekuyivelakancane, futhi isizathu salokhu sachaza impela: "HLA" (umfundi athethelele igama elifanayo) isisekelo. Khumbula ukubonwa okuvele kuchaziwe, futhi kuzocaca ukuthi amachweba enhlabathi wesikhathi sonyaka azoklebhula ngokuphelele i-hut enkulu (ungaqiniseka ukuthi ngokuvakashela ukwakhiwa kwamahlaya amancane eduze kwe-forbangelsk) . Ngakho bakwenze kanjani? Ezifundweni ezinikezelwe kulesi sihloko, kulotshiwe ukuthi: "I-Gurban imvamisa yayihlanganisa izindonga ezintathu, kepha ingaba ngamadrande." I-AhTTO kangaka i-pore enamacala amane? Akufani njengenye imbobo eminingi, efakwe eduze kwabadala, kepha ngaphandle kokubopha okuhlala isikhathi eside kuyo (zombili ukusikeka kwakukhona ngokuzimela komunye nomunye).
I-Collapleble Samstaya Roofing (Seal kanye Drancies)
Kumakhulu eminyaka, amasu angempela edivaysi yophahla lwesivalo athuthukisiwe, engadingi noma yibakaki noma izipikili. Ake siqale ngophahla lwe-Samstaya ngezinye ze-chics. Abesilisa yimigqa eminingana kancane yehle kancane kancane kanye nobude bezingodo ezakha i-forton ezimbili ezingunxantathu. Abesilisa bakwamangala baxhumene futhi bangaphansi kwabo phakathi kwabo ngokusebenzisa izingodo - ubude be-hut). Inani labo lalincike ekuphakameni kwe-fisewon, ngakunye okuhlanganiswe komunye nomunye umqhele wesilisa omakhelwane.
Iziphetho zebhola ezenziwe ngale kwemikhawulo yamaFrones, akha isisekelo sophahla. Ukuphunyuka okuphansi okuphansi (ngaphesheya kwabo) bekushayela okubizwa ngokuthi yi-inkukhu yelebhu ye-fir neutric neutring enobude obuyi-1.5-2m ngezingwegwe ekugcineni (ikhanda lenkukhu linqunywe nge-hook kanye negama lento). Inkukhu yafakwa ngesinyathelo esithile, futhi ukuze iziphetho zazo zizolenga phezu kwezindonga, zibe yisisekelo sokuphahlazeka.
Enkukhu, ukubeka amagxolo, ukubeka izingodo ezinama-grooves kuwo wonke ubude bawo - imifudlana (amakhaya amanzi, amanzi), noma, ngolimi lwanamuhla. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwe kancane umugqa ophansi wophahla lophahla, ophunyuke onqenqemeni olungaphezulu lwe-chute. Ngaphezulu kwawo, ungqimba lwesibili lwama-tesins, ayengafani ngandlela thile (umphetho wawo ophansi uphumule ezansi kwe-gutter). Iziphetho eziphezulu zazo zombili izingqimba ze-tesin, zivaliwe ku-High (Princess) ekuqaleni, zicindezele irekhodi le-fir esindayo elinesigumbu esingunxantathu kulo lonke ubude besikhathi. Kwakungamagama amabili: "U-Ohlin" (i-log esindayo ebiyelwe kakhulu lapho ufaka endaweni, kodwa manje sekukhona, futhi okuphezu kwawo) kanye ne- "Konk" (akusona ngaphezulu kwekhanda lehhashi , owawunika isikulufa esivela enkingeni ehlukile). Ukuze ijuba lingahambi, lalinamathiselwe ePrincess unyawo ngezinduku zokhuni ngekhanda eligobile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwakhiwa okuvuthayo kwatholakala (njengoba besho ngophahla olufana kakhulu).
Okunye okuhlukile kophahla lwe-China ophahleni lwe-Dansher, luhlukaniswe kusuka kulokho okuchaziwe kuchaziwe kulolo lwalusetshenziswa kulo lonke ubude be-skate, kodwa mfushane. Iqiniso ngukuthi uphahla olubanzi olude kufanele lubize kakhulu kufanele lube cishe ngaphandle kobubi obungaphuma noma lubeke idiphozi. Amabhodi amafushane aphelelisiwe akwenze kube lula, futhi eshibhile. Ijaji ukuze libanqume hhayi izingodo ezimfushane ngokwanele. Umgomo wokudala ophahleni ezinhlakeni ufana kakhulu nokungena kokungena, kepha futhi kunomehluko: ama-grooves abekwe kwimigqa yenkukhu eyayifakwe emigqeni emibili ehlolwe amathuli, onqenqemeni oluphezulu lwayo olucindezelwe yi Ukugeleza kwesibili - wadlala nendima yengcindezelo). Ukusuka ekushayweni ngempama kwakubanjwa amakhanda aminyaka yonke, aphunyuke emfuleni ophansi we-groove. Ngemuva kwalokho babeka umugqa omusha ongezangqikithi wama-Drangees, onqenqemeni oluphezulu lwalo lwalunamathiselwe kwisisu sesithathu. Ngakho-ke, aze afike phezulu ophahleni, lapho amathempeli azolingana nehhashi-ochapen.
Kunelukuluku lona lapho kunwebeka izinduku zophahla uma kwenzeka kabusha - ukunwetshwa kwendlu, uphahla lwendlu lungaguqulwa kalula ophahleni. Lo mbono uyawa futhi uyakwazi ukuguqulwa kophahla futhi kufanele asetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwendlu "ekhulayo" yanamuhla.
1. Stamik 2. I-GROCK халеьь, noma ihhashi 3. Abahloli 4. Drany 5.Flowflow 6. Simysy 7. Yima 8. Iqhwa 9. Schelch 10. Ukugeleza (Chutshiwe, Amanzi) 11. Inkukhu (kokore) | 
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Ngemuva kokuba kubhekwe engxenyeni entsha, uphahla lwaluphunyukayo phezu kwalabadala, badala isakhiwo sozimele esisodwa phezu kwazo zombili lezi zibalo, ngokusho kwazo, kwakhiwa izakhi ezisuswe ophahleni lwakudala, kwakhiwa ophahleni olusha. Kungase kube kuhle ukuthi lolu phahla olusha lwalungesekho enkukhu, kodwa kuDansher, kepha zonke izingxenye zithathwe ophahleni lwakudala (ama-tes, inkukhu, ne-chute kanye ne-oven) bakwazile ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele. I-Asdore, izindleko zezakhi ezintsha (ama-tes, ama-stern, amakhanda, ama-gut) ancishisiwe, kanye nomnqamulajuqu wokufakwa. Amachweba wesikhathi sonyaka wesikhathi sonyaka ngophahla ngohlaka olumboza izindlu ezimbili (ngokunembile, isakhiwo esinjalo sathathwa njengegama elilodwa noma sigqoke igama langempela - "lalingenasimanga, ngoba libanjwa kuphela. Engxenyeni yamanje yama-huts afake ama-oveni abo. Ukusuka kwenye ingxenye yendlu kuya kwenye, kuvela okuphezulu okuvamile kungashaywa nge-facade engemuva.
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7. IBetle M200 Brand ku-Site Eboshwe Miiners. Ukuze ukhonze ukhonkolo ezingxenyeni ezikude zeteyipu eyisisekelo, wasebenzisa ugqoko olude lokhuni, kanye nama-bacups adingekayo enziwe kusengaphambili.
8-10. Amabhande okuqala akhonkolo abekelwe izigaba ezimbili ezingangeni manzi (8), wabe esebeka isisekelo esivela emabhulokini kakhonkolo (9), umthungo phakathi okwandiswa (10).
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11-13. Ukuxhunyaniswa kwebha yokugibela kuma-engeli angaphandle (11), isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo sangaphandle kanye naphakathi (12) kanye nokuhlukaniswa ngobude (13) kwenziwa ePoldev.
Ngokwemvelo, ukukhula kwendlu akuphelanga. Ukuqongelela inani elidingekayo, ngakunye ukusuka ebusika (ukufudumala) kwaleli zwa elizwakalayo, "amawele" kwakhiwa ukulindela okulula (annewed) okulindelwe, okwahlanganiswa nobusika kwezakhi zofuzo ezintsha ezitholakala phakathi kwazo .
Ngendlela, ukwakheka kwalokhu kufuna ukwazi okuhle kakhulu. Isitezi sabo sabuyiselwa ngesiphetho esisodwa endlini ye-log of nisebusika, enye endlini yelogi. "Izindonga ezimbili zaseSeine 'zaziboshelwa' ezinkuni zobusika nasehlobo, hhayi ngokuqinile, kodwa, zikhuluma ngolimi lwanamuhla, ekutholeni okushelelayo, ukuze amahhashi womabili akwazi" ukuhamba ngenhlabathi ngozini. Omanzini wangezindonga ezimbili ze-seine ahlelele umnyango omkhulu wendlu, ehlotshiswe ngaphandle kompheme ekusekelweni okuzimele futhi enophahla lwayo (lo mklamo uphuma ngaphezu kwezindonga zesakhiwo, njengephiko lenyoni, yingakho igama). I-YvSA, izingxenye ezisanda kusungulwa zavuthwa ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa ngendlu endala.
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14-17. I-lag ye-lag yaphansi, iphumule esisekelweni, yagxiliswa kubha yokugaya (14). Ama-lags wokusekelwa okwengeziwe kwakungama-otlips (15). Baphinde bavunyelwa ukuba banciphise i-lag ubude (16). Ama-ends wamahhala ahlanganiswe phakathi kweBru (17).
Okulandelayo, i-hitter ne-ambar yaheha kancane kancane ehlobo. Nabo, babekukhekhe. Belula, ngendaba ezimbili. U-Achetoba akufanele agqoke izikhwama namanye amandla adonsela phansi emahlombe, akha khona amapulatifomu. Kamuva waheha i-hlev nesitebele. Kuvele ngaphezulu kwengxenye yegceke, ukuphakama kwavela, ngokushesha kwavela. Ngakho-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwavela amakhaya efomu elimise okwenziwe m, bese kubanjwa.
Kunelukuluku lona hhayi kuphela izindlu zabampofu ezazikhula, kodwa futhi nezifunda ezi-boric. Ekuqaleni bakha indlu enkulu, bese kuba namafulegi amabili alandelanayo ngesitayela esisodwa ngengxenye ephakathi nendawo. Isibonelo, ngale ndlela ku-XIX. Indlu kaSophia Andreevna yasungulwa endaweni ecacile ye-polyana - estate L.N. Tolstoy.
Manje, lapho sibheka endabeni, sizojwayelana nenqubo yesimanje yokwakha indlu ekhulayo. Waklanywa futhi waqala ukwakha kwenye yezindawo zaseMoscow Region Sertitements Abs-Stry (Russia).
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18-21. Ikhompiyutha yebha emakholweni angaphandle okusikiwe akhiqizwa esikebheni somdabu (18). Amakhona afanayo ezindongeni zangaphakathi zendlu zenziwa ePollev (19). Ukufakwa okuthelelekile okukhonze njengendwangu ye-flange enobukhulu be-5mm (20). Baphinde basonga izikhala zokhuni ezisetshenziswa lapho bexhuma izingodo ubude (21).
Imibono yakudala impilo entshaNgakho-ke, sakha izimiso ezimbili eziyisisekelo zesu lokukhula, elakhiwe okhokho bethu, ngolimi lobuchwepheshe banamuhla. Isimiso sokuqala: Ukukhuphula ibhokisi ekhaya kuyadingeka kusetshenziswa amamojula ahlolwe kancane. Umgomo wesibili: Uphahla kufanele lushayiswe futhi luguqulwe. Usebenzisa amakhono wobuchwepheshe banamuhla wokwakha, kungenzeka ukuthi uzame ukwakha indlu ekwazi ukungakhuli hhayi ububanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuphakama.
Ngiwuthande umbono ophelele kubaqambi, futhi ngokushesha baqala ukuwuthuthukisa ukuze basebenze elula futhi esheshayo: "Ake sizame ukuqala nge-module futhi lapho ukhula imodyuli, sizothatha isiteji esiphelele lapho wena izohlelela ukunqwabelana okufakwe (esitezi sokuqala - ngephansi). Ngaphezulu kwe-attic ebandayo). Uhlelo lweRafter luzoqoqa ngezinto zensimbi kanye nalabo abazihlolisiswayo. Ukuze bazihlolisise. Ukuze bahlolisiswe. Umswakama, bayokwenza kanye ne-superstrupture yendlu kuzokuma, futhi izandiso eziseceleni kuzo akudingeki ukuba zidonswe ubuchwepheshe. Idivayisi eyisisekelo etholakele. Izosebenza zombili izitezi ezinesitezi esisodwa nezezinkulungwane ezimbili, futhi uma kudingekile ukwandisa isakhiwo ngobubanzi, kungahle kube lula ukwanda, kwanele "ukushesha" ukuqiniswa kwesisekelo esisha emzimbeni wendawo ekhona . Ichtoba le ndlu ngenxa yalokho ayifaniswa nokwakhiwa kwama-cubes abizwayo, futhi yabheka futhi ivumelane, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi, Lapho zonke izinguquko zicatshangwa, zihlelwe futhi zapenda ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi zipendwe. "
Ngakho-ke iphrojekthi yendlu "ukhiye wegolide" yavela. Kufanele ngabe wakhiwe ngezigaba ezimbili. Imiphumela yokuqala yabo yakhula yakhiwo elilodwa elinezitezi ezinendawo ephelele ye-50.8m2; Ngenxa yeyesibili, iMetra yayo inyuke yaba ngu-105m2. Uma umnikazi efiswa, isigaba sesithathu singanikezwa, kwinqubo yokuthi iyiphi noma ezimbili ezimbozwe (mhlawumbe ezifakiwe) iVeranda izofakwa endlini.
Ikhasimende lalishesha ngokumangazayo. Ngokucophelela ukufundela lo msebenzi nokwazisa umbono womqondo, wababaza ngenjabulo: "Sizokwakha! Lokhu yikho kanye engikwazi ukukukhokhela manje, kucatshangelwa amathuba ami ezezimali! " Egcekeni kwakunguFebhuwari, futhi maphakathi no-Mashi, abakhi baqala ukusebenzisa lo msebenzi.
Yini futhi kanjani okuvinjelwe odongeni kuxhunywe ngokuqondile?
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22-24.Lobubuso obubekwe odongeni lwezinkuni zomswakama wemvelo aluzange luphazamiseke futhi aluzange lusonteke ngesikhathi somiswa, bahlanganiswa ngokuthe mpo nge-250 mm (le mikhiqizo ivumela i-snip2-25 -80). Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubha ngayinye enesinyathelo sika-1.5 m, izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungu-15mm kanye nokujula kwe-30mm (22) kwaqhutshwa kwangaphambili. Ngemuva kwalokho bangqongqoza izinzipho ezingenamsoco (23), izimbotshana zabo zaminza ekujuleni kwezimbobo ezibiziwe (24).
Isigaba se-PerryIsisekelo. Njengoba umhlabathi esizeni bekuyisisekelo esibunjiwe, sokuzalela okuncane okusondela njengoba kungenzeki. Ngemininingwane yayo, umsele wadonswa umsele ngokujula kuka-90cm kanye no-50cm ububanzi, lapho kwenziwa umcamelo onesihlabathi obukhulu ngokuphakama kwe-30cm. Ngemuva kwalokho emseleni ufake ifomu lokusengwa, elibeka kahle ezingeni lophetho ongenhla lwesisekelo esizayo. Vele, konke lokhu kwathatha isikhathi esiningi, kepha kwenza kahle inqubo yokulawula izinga likakhonkolo ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kwalo. IBarcask ibekwe ngohlaka oluqinisiwe (imicu emine yokuqinisa ama-longitudinal enobubanzi be-12mm, ehlobene nezingxenye ezivundlile nezimpesheli zokuqiniswa okufanayo), ngemuva kwalokho amateyipu kakhonkolo abanzi, akhuphuka emhlabathini ububanzi obungama-10 cm.
Ngemuva kosuku, lapho ukhonkolo ethola amandla athile (okungenani i-15kg / cm2- ekusebenzeni, lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma ungena ebusweni bawo, i-Trace ayihlali), kanye ne-waterproofing), Isisekelo esivela emabhuloki kakhonkolo ayi-400200200mm. Ukuze isikhala ngaphansi kwendlu singene umoya, emgqeni ongenhla samabhulokhi adale ukukhiqizwa (okukodwa ngaphansi kwegumbi ngalinye elingaphakathi endlini kanye nobabili ngaphansi kwamakamelo ama-angular), lapho amabhulokhi kakhonkolo abeka ohlangothini. Ngaphansi kwezindonga zangaphakathi ezinesinyathelo sezinsika ezi-1.5 m okuthunyelwe kusuka emabhulokini afanayo.
Phezu kwamabhulokhi abasesisekelo, kwafakwa olunye ungqimba lokungena kwamanzi ngaphezulu, futhi imichilo yaqiniswa ngesigaba sesiphambano se-antiseptic ka-150150mm. Ngaphansi kwezindonga zangaphakathi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukwahlukana okunesigaba sesiphambano sika-200150mm okubekwe engxenyeni evunyelwanga amanzi. Ngenkathi ukulungiswa kwesisekelo bekulungiselela, isitimela sikhonkolo sisanda kuthola amaphuzu angama-50% wamandla okuklama (kwakudingeka ukuthi aqale ukumisa ibhokisi ekhaya).
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25. Izindonga ziboshwe ngaphandle kwangaphandle ePoledev njalo ngemiqhele emibili.
26.Lagcina lapho kuncipha ukwakhiwa kwendlu kugcinwe amandla anele, ukuvuleka okushiywe "okugqoke" umqhele wesithathu nakweshumi (ngaphandle kwalokho akunakwenzeka ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwendlu), efasiteleni - Njalo imiqhele engama-2-3.
27. Isitezi sokuqala sephahla lokuqala sadalwa kusuka kubha enesigaba sesiphambano sika-150150mm. Womabili ama-Exs of the Beams afakwe esiteji esingama-60 cm agxile ngokuqinile emaphandeni aphezulu ezindonga (ukujula kwebhokisi lokusika kufanele okungenani kube ngu-50mm). Ngasikhathi sinye, imishayo ye-Overlaps phezu kwamakamelo asondelene (ukuvuleka) ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngodonga lwangaphakathi kwafakwa ku-oda lokuhlola.
28.I-REAFTERE SCREPS SCRECK ngesinyathelo esithile sokuvikela i-crate yebhodi eliphathiswe i-12525mm ngebhodi le-antiseptic. Kwakukhona ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhashana kuyo: izingqimba ezimbili zeRubberoid.
29-30. Emphemeni kanye ne-veranda esikhundleni sezinsekela zesikhashana ezifakiwe (zenziwa kusukela odongeni olufanayo lwezihlahla zodonga), ezinikezwe nge-jack screw jack. Ukuze kube lula, kwakukhona ezansi kwensika.
31-32. Kubha ye-cranial, egxishwe emaphethelweni phansi phansi phansi phansi kwesitezi sokuqala, wabeka amabhodi aphansi amnyama (31). Ngokulandelayo kwakuwukuhlanzeka, ukuhlanganisa ne-sezenzile ibhodi ngayinye yesihlanu (32). Lapho isihlahla sesomile, kwasetshenziswa phansi phansi.
Ukugqagqana komhlaba. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza isisekelo se-BEASE kusuka kubha ngesigaba esinesiphambano se-150100mm kukhonjiswe kahle ezithombeni, ngakho-ke ngeke sikuchaze ngokuningiliziwe. Masihlale ekufakweni okubili.
Ukwamukela kuqala. Izinsika zaphansi, zifana ezindongeni zangaphandle, zethulwa hhayi eduze kwabo, kodwa kude ne-50-100mm. Isikhala esinempilo uma sesiqedile singabekwa ukufakwa ukuze umoya obandayo usuka kwisampula ungafiki. Uma ufisa, ama-lags afakiwe avela odongeni, kepha kulokhu, ibha yondliwe odongeni olusezingeni lendiza ephezulu yeLags, okuzobe kungukusekelwa okwengeziwe kwemikhawulo yamabhodi (kufanele ungagcizeleli onqenqemeni lwama-lags ngaphezulu kwe-100mm).
Etholwa okwesibili. Zonke izinhlanganisela zaziyimpoqo ehlukaniswe ngewebhu enjengeflask, okwenza kube nokwenza umoya, futhi futhi ukhonza njenge-heathel. Le ndlela yasetshenziswa lapho kwakhiwa izindonga.
Ukwakhiwa kwebhokisi ekhaya. Izindonga zendlu eziqoqwe kusuka kubha yomswakama yemvelo ngesigaba esisezingeni eliphakeme ka-150150mm. Ngeshwa, imiqhele yomqhele yakhiwa ngemikhiqizo yensimbi. Phezu kwezindonga eziphelile zesitezi sokuqala, ukugcwala kwahlelwa, kwabe sekuphakamisa imigqa yabanikazi ngokuvuma kwabanikazi, kwakukhona ukuhlanganiswa kophahla kwesikhashana, izingqimba ezimbili zeRubbeoid. Ngaphansi kwawo, indlu ikwazile ukudangala iminyaka emi-2-3, futhi ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amabutho azoqala ukuqala isigaba sesibili sokwakha. Indlu ye-log yasala kuze kube ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukuthi umuthi womile futhi unciphise isakhiwo. I-Tomond ngemuva kwalokhu abakhi bazoqala ukuqeda umsebenzi.
Lapho zihlelelwe ukususa phansi phansi esitezi sokuqala, faka ukugqagqana futhi futhi phansi. Ngokufanayo kuzokwenziwa ngokugqagqana kwesitezi sokuqala. Okulandelayo, kufudumale izindonga zendlu ngaphandle, ngemuva kwalokho kuzokwenza okungaphandle, bese kuthi ukuqeda kwangaphakathi kusebenzisa impahla ekhethiwe ngumnikazi. Kulokhu, kuzophothulwa isigaba sokuqala, futhi abanikazi bazokwazi ukudlala indlela yasendlini ebilindelwe isikhathi eside.
Uhlelo lwe-Collaplible Lines
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33-35. Lapho udala lolu hlelo, ibha ye-skate yafakwa ezisekelweni zokhuni zesikhashana, okuthi, ukuthola umsebenzi wobude obudingekayo, bathambekela phakathi maphakathi. Ngasesikebheni esinesinyathelo esiqondile sabeka imishayo ye-rafter yokuvuthwa kuthempulethi yesigaba samabhodi we-15050mm (33). Amathumba umqhele wokusikwa wanamathiselwe, usebenzisa amakhona nezikulufo zokuzishaya (34), ipuleti yensimbi yadonswa ngaphansi kwesiketi, futhi ukuqina okunamandla kwebhodi elifanayo kwahlelwa ngaphansi kwalo (35). Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinto zensimbi kanye nezikulufo zokuzishaya zisetshenziswe lapho zihlangana lapho zihlangana yonke imihlangano yohlelo lwe-rafter, zisho kangaka njenge-RTANDS.
Kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo?Isigaba sesibili sokwakhiwa sizodlula kanjalo. Okokuqala, kuzosusa uphahla lwesikhashana ekwakhiweni, khona-ke izingxenye zimakwe futhi zidilizwa nge-crate, ukuncipha kwamafreyimu amafreyimu kanye nohlelo lwe-rafter (lokhu ngeke kube nzima - konke kufakwa ngosizo lwe izinto zensimbi nokuzishaya ngezikulufo). Okulandelayo kuzoqala ukwakha izindonga zesitezi sesibili. Lokho abazobe behlathwe noma isidumbu - amabutho awakanqumi. Kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inketho yesibili ithandeka kokuqala: Izindonga zozimele zilula futhi zifudumele, futhi zingakhiwa ngesikhathi esifushane kunazo zonke, esibalulekile. Lapho izindonga zikhula, zonke izingxenye zenzeka ekuqaleni (uhlelo lokuvutha, olungenalutho lwalo.) Luzophinda lube nendawo ebekiwe, manje sekuzobekwa phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, abakhi bafaka ophahleni lwe-attic, bese beqala umsebenzi wangaphandle nowangaphakathi. Lapho nje seziphothuliwe, ngaphezulu kwezakhiwo (indawo ihlelelwe kusengaphambili) izokwehluka ngengozi yokuqala bese igcina izitebhisi. IVA! Ungakha isikhala esisha sokuphila, ulethe futhi ufake ifenisha futhi uvikele enye indlela yasendlini.
Ngabe inqubo yokwakha yalimaza ababukhosi? Kunjalo. Kungenzeka ukuthi isonto - ezinye ngeke zihlale endlini. Yini ezosabelani nokuthi yini ezolahlekelwa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo? Kulokhu, zincane, ama-rubberoid ama-rubberoid asetshenziselwa ukudala uphahla lwesikhashana. Idizayini yesakhiwo, ngokuya ngokuqagela kokuqala, ingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30- 40. Lokhu akunakuqhathaniswa nenani okufanele ukhokhe njengenzalo uma uthatha imalimboleko ebhange futhi wakhe indlu enezitezi ezimbili, ake sithi, ngomukeli owodwa.
Isikimu sesigaba sesibili sokwakha
"I-Abs-Stry" | 
"I-Abs-Stry" | 
"I-Abs-Stry" | 
"I-Abs-Stry" |
36-39.Spospothed ekhaya (36) uzosusa uphahla lwesikhashana futhi ahlukanise umklamo we-rafter kanye namaFrones (37). Ekuqedeni okufudumele, kuzokwakhiwa izindonga zesitezi sesibili, lapho imizimba yamaFrones (38), bese ibeka uhlelo lokuhlanyeka nophahla njalo (39).
Indawo yokuhlala engabizi kakhuluEzweni lethu, kunephrojekthi kazwelonke "yezezimali" ezingabizi kakhulu ". Amafemu amaningi okukhiqiza nezokwakha alwela ukutadisha kuwo. Kepha ake sicabange: Ngabe konke okunikezwa njengamanje ukuthi kungabiziswe kanjani? Noma ngabe sicabanga ukuthi izindlu ezi-1M2 zizobiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu. (Ngokwamazinga anamuhla, kuyisipho nje) ukwakha indlu okungenani nge-100-120m2, kuyadingeka ukuthola ama-ruble angu-1.2-2,4 ml ekuqaleni. Faka kulezi zindleko zokuqeda nokufingqa ukuxhumana - futhi isibalo okungenani 1.5,000 ngaphezulu. Hhayi-ke, kuphi "isilinganiso saseRussia", lapho uhlelo olushiwo lukhulelwe, lungathatha imali engaka?
Vele, kukhona imali mboleko kanye nezintombi. Kepha esimweni sethu sezinkinga sokuthola imalimboleko enjalo ngeke sibe yiwo wonke umuntu. I-Hudaleko akuwona wonke umuntu ongathatha imali mboleko efanayo, afuna ukukwenza. Ngemuva kwakho konke, imalimboleko iluhlobo lwenkemba. Ngubani ozoyikhokha uma ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wakho noma ugula?
Umbono we-Specialist
Kunomzuzu owodwa onobungozi obunobuchwepheshe bendlu ekhulayo - lapho uphahla phezu kwesakhiwo sesigaba sokuqala seludilikile futhi abakhi bathatha izindonga zesitezi sesibili. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ukufakwa kabi kufakwe kabi ezindongeni nasekugcwalisekeni kwesitezi sokuqala esitezi sokuqala samathonya asemkhathini. Ukufakwa kwe-Amokra kwaziwa ukuyeka ukwenza umsebenzi wayo. Ngakho-ke, ngithanda ukunaka lokho kuphela izinto ze-hydrophopised okufanele zisetshenziswe kulobu buchwepheshe, zisesigabeni sokukhiqiza zinikeza izakhiwo eziphindayo zamanzi. Amanzi, awela i-heater enjalo, ayingeni ekujuleni kwakhe.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kwabonisa ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokubhapathizwa okuphelele kokuqukethwe okunje emanzini amahora amaningi ebusweni bawo, kwakhiwa kuphela amafilimu amanzi amancane, futhi ngaphakathi kusomile ngokuphelele. Amaconsi avele avele ngokushesha, futhi izinto ngokwazo azilahlekeli noma yimuphi umakhenizi, azikho izindawo ezifaka ukushisa.
Ukusetshenziswa kokufakwa kwe-hydrophethized kuvumela ikhefu ngesikhathi sokwakha. Isibonelo, amapuleti "Rockwool Valtts" (Russia) wokufakelwa kwangaphandle, afakwa ku-facade, angahlala engavikelekile emathonyeni asemkhathini kuze kube izinyanga ezi-3.
UTatyana Smirnova, uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe weRockwool
Kepha ngekhaya elikhulayo konke kwehlukile. UJeevno uluhlobo olunjalo (ngokunembile, indlela yokwakha) yezakhiwo futhi ingabizwa ngokuthi izindlu ezingabizi kakhulu. Isu eliveziwe libheka izinto ezimbili eziphambili. Okokuqala, ukunqwabelana okuguquguqukayo kwezimali kanye nokuqaliswa kwesigaba esilandelayo kunemali ngqo kuleli mali, ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinhlangano ezikweletwayo. Okwesibili, isici semvelo kanye noshintsho ezicelweni. Isibonelo, umndeni osemusha wabantu ababili ekuqaleni wanele ekhaya ngendawo ecishe ibe ngu-50m2. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngokuzayo umndeni uzokhula futhi isikhathi sizoqala ukuqala ukwakhiwa okulandelayo. I-Idieg Ngaleso sikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi ikwazi ukuqongelela, futhi izifiso zazo zakha ngokucacile amakamelo ezingane, nangogogo nomkhulu, abazonakekela.
Sicabanga ukuthi umqondo wendlu ekhulayo awunakukhanga imindeni emincane kuphela, kodwa futhi nezakhamizi zasehlobo. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi kunesendlalelo esikhulu sabantu bezwe lethu, okuyisikhathi eside befuna ukwakha ikotishi. Kepha akwanele ukubona iphupho lakho, akukho ukuntuleka kwemali yokuqala yokwakhiwa kwendlu efanelekile kulokhu iphupho. Ubuchwepheshe bekhaya elikhulayo kukunika ithuba lokuthi uqale ukuhlanganisa amaphupho analo empilweni futhi ungalindi uze uqoqe lonke inani. Qala ukwakha ikotishi elincane elinendawo eyodwa. Kopisha imali edingekayo - Qedela indlu kusayizi "wamaphupho".
Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi kulula ukwenza lokhu ngeke kuvume ukuthi akuwona wonke ubuchwepheshe bokwakha, kusukela ngokukhula kwendlu ububanzi kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhiphe isisekelo kanye nezindonga. I-IAP akuyona noma iyiphi inkampani yokwakha enganikela ngayo isixazululo sobuchwepheshe esicatshangelwe kahle ekuhlolweni kwezindonga, ukugqagqana nophahla olufanele ukuguqula. I-Avole ukwakhiwa kwendlu ekhulayo ngokuya ngephrojekthi kanye nensizakalo yokuhlela yezigaba ezicatshangelwe kusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu lokubuka linenzuzo.
Ukubalwa okukhulisiwe kwezindleko * Ukwakhiwa kwendlu ye-brusade enendawo ephelele ye-51M2 (ijika lokuqala)| Igama lemisebenzi | Inombolo ye | intengo, rub. | Izindleko, rub. |
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| Isisekelo, izindonga, ukwahlukaniswa, ukunqwabelana, ukuphapha | |||
| Kuthatha izembe, ukwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuphumula | 32m3 | 750. | 24,000 |
| Idivaysi yezendlalelo ezingaphansi kwe-sandy ngaphansi kwesisekelo | I-9M3 | 410. | I-3690. |
| Idivayisi Yezisekelo Zekhonkolo Eqiniswe Ribbon | I-16M3. | 2400. | 38 400. |
| Isisekelo se-Masonry sedivayisi kusuka kumabhulokhi kakhonkolo ayize | I-6m3 | 2280. | 13 680. |
| Ukuvuleka kwamanzi okuvundlile futhi okulandelayo | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 5200. |
| Idivaysi Yesithando Somlilo Yangaphandle | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 3900. |
| Yakha izindonga nokuhlukaniswa kusuka kubha | I-25m3 | 4300. | 107 500. |
| Yakha ukugqagqana ngokubeka imishayo, phansi | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 53 900. |
| Ukubutha izinto zophahla ngedivayisi ye-crate | 75m3. | - | 17 350. |
| Idivayisi ejwayelekile yokuhlanganisa | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 9600. |
| -Nke | 277 220. | ||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | |||
| Isihlabathi | I-9M3 | - | 10,000 |
| Ukhonkolo esindayo | I-16M3. | 4500. | I-72,000 |
| Vimba ukhonkolo okhonkolo | Ama-PC angama-375. | 55. | 20 625. |
| Ukhonkolo | Izikhwama eziyi-15 | 270. | 4050. |
| Isengezo esingonakalisayo | 80l. | amashumi amathathu | 2400. |
| Ibha. | 29m3. | 5500. | 159 500. |
| Indwangu ende | 8 rolls | 750. | 6000. |
| Ibhodi Ehlelekile, Ibha | I-9M3 | - | 49 500. |
| I-firmware yebhodi efakiwe | 30m2 | 270. | 8100. |
| Ruberoid | 19 roll | 270. | 5130. |
| Ukubeka etheyiphu. | 2 ama-Bays | 1500. | 3000. |
| I-armature, intambo yokushaya, izihlangu zamafomu | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 9690. |
| Isinqandakuvunda | I-10L | 150. | 1500. |
| Izipikili zihlukile | I-215KG | - | 13 300. |
| Ama-fasteners ngesikhathi | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 10 200. |
| -Nke | 374 995. | ||
| * Ukubalwa kuqediwe ngaphandle kokucabanga ngokweqile, ukuthutha kanye nezinye izindleko, kanye nenzuzo yenkampani. |
Abahleli babonga i-Abs-Stry Firm ukuze basize ekulungiseni okuqukethwe.