Imiklamo yophahla lwezinga olunhlobonhlobo: umnyombo, ukwelula nezinhlelo, izinzuzo kanye nezinzuzo zohlelo ngalunye, izindleko ezilinganiselwe
Photo V.Noledova
"Amagagasi" wefilimu le-PVC ecwebezelayo abhekene nempumelelo kuphela emakamelweni amancane: ngenxa yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwehluka okuphezulu kusodongeni, nasesikhungweni sendawo eqondakalayo
Photo R.Shelomentvev
Nikeza ukugeleza okufanayo komoya omusha egumbini lendawo enkulu kuzosiza iziteshi zokuvuselela umoya otholakala endaweni ebekiwe. Ama-lattices afakwe ophahleni
Photo S. Morgunov
Izintambo, amapayipi nemifudlana yomoya kungafakwa ngaphakathi kwama-jumpers ophahleni lwe-caisson, futhi kumaseli ukubeka izibani zangempela
I-canvas enokuphrinta kwesithombe okugqanyisiwe kusuka ohlangothini lwe-cornice kuyinto ekhanyayo engaphakathi.
Izithombe ngu-A.MedDev
Ukugoqa ngophahla olusezingeni eliphakeme ngokuhlanganiswa ne-podium kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumafulethi e-Studio
"Strenger"
"Strenger"
Lapho uqeda uphahla kuqala, uhlaka lwakhiwa imigoqo, lunamathiselwe kulo kanye nasezindongeni zama-baguette, bese kubanjwa abanikazi bamalambu (1). Ngemuva kwalokho, kuhlala kuphela ukudonsa ifilimu le-PVC, faka izibani nophahla zikulungele (2). Fihla ngokugcwele iphrofayili ye-bagent emqakhelweni onjalo akunakwenzeka, kepha ingxenye yaso ebonakalayo ifana nophahla lwensimbi futhi ayilwela
Photo V.Noledova
Imvamisa, amazinga amazinga ahambisana nezixazululo zombala zangempela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvela okuyisisekelo kungahluka ngezindonga nophahla futhi kuvumelane, ngokwesibonelo, ngamakhethini, ifenisha.d.
Ukuphrinta kwesithombe kwifilimu ye-PVC ne-polyester canvas kwenziwa kusetshenziswa iphrinta ebanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ungakhetha umdwebo ovela kukhathalogi kamenzi noma unikeze owakho (i-VTFIFROM)
"Strenger"
"Strenger"
Ukusuka kwifilimu ye-PVC, akuwona kuphela ophahleni oluWavy (3), kepha futhi namaCornices ahamba khona (4); Ngezakhi ezinjalo, kusetshenziswa i-baguette ekhethekile eguquguqukayo (5)
"I-ECOPHON"
"I-ECOPHON"
"I-ECOPHON"
Izinhlelo ezimisiwe zikuvumela ukuthi udale indawo yokugoqa ye-curvilinear. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa amamojula akhethekile (6.8), kanye namaphaneli ajwayelekile aphansi, afakwa kwimihlahlandlela egobile (7)
Uhlangothi lwangaphambili lwamaphaneli e-fiberglass ahlanganisiwe ambozwe ngama-polymers apenda. Kulokhu, inani lemibala lisukela ku-1 kuye ku-10-12, kuya ngemodeli yophahla
Abakhi abasunguli n.Mat, P. Tolstoy
Photo P. Lebedeva
Skol.
"I-Ecosel"
Cishe imfanelo ebalulekile yamalambu we-Cengge-Cell-Poill-Poill. Zingaba ukwengeza eChandelier (9), i-LED "Star Sky" (10) noma idlala indima ezimele (11)
Ifilimu le-PVC elicwebile libonisa ukukhanya, okunciphisa amandla wedivayisi yokukhanyisa
Ukuguqula isikhala sangaphakathi segumbi, kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukushintsha ukwakheka kophahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngosizo lwe- "Isinyathelo" ngaphezulu kwekhanda, ungaxazulula futhi uxazulule imisebenzi esetshenziswayo, ikakhulukazi, ukufihla ukuxhumana okusanda kufakwa futhi kubekwe amaphutha okugcwala.
Muva nje, ophahleni lwezinga le-multis lalisezingeni eliphakeme lemfashini yangaphakathi. Babeyimfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu yamaphrojekthi wokuvuselela kabusha umbhali abaningi, hhayi kuphela amafulethi okunethezeka kuphela, kodwa futhi namafulethi ajwayelekile ezindlini ezijwayelekile. Isixazululo sophahla esakhayo sihlala sithandwa nanamuhla, kepha sekenze ngokwengeziwe ukusisebenzisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ku- "Odnushki" yethu, "futhi" uTreshki "ukuphakama kophahla ekuqaleni (2.55-2.75 m), ngakho-ke ukwehla okwengeziwe ezingeni labo akusilo njalo. Uphahla oluyinkimbinkimbi oluyinkimbinkimbi njengomkhiqizo we- "Art Archit" akunakwenzeka ukuthi kufanelekile ekuhleleni nasekuhlelweni okujwayelekile kwefulethi. Kukhona ezinye izingibe esizokutshela nakanjani kule ndatshana.
Uma ithonsi lamazinga kufanele lihlelwe ngenxa yezizathu zezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kungenye indaba. Lapho-ke ithuba liyavela, njengoba besho, hlanganisa okumnandi. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo ekwakheni izinhlaka ezinjalo yisixazululo somqambi sokucabanga ngokucophelela nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe okunekhono.
Amazwana emasimini
1. Indlela yokwakhiwa okwengeziwe kophahla ayisebenzi ekukhipheni kabusha futhi ngokusemthethweni akudingi ukusebenzisana. Kodwa-ke, namuhla, ochwepheshe abaningi bezinhlangano zokwakha bashaya i-alamu, ngoba izimbobo eziningi zokuqinisa ifreyimu ye-bevel noma uhlelo olumisiwe lubenza buthaka i-slab ye-overlap. Ukuqonda ukuthi umthamo ophethe kangakanani we-slab uzokwehla futhi ukwehla okunjalo kuvunyelwe, esimweni ngasinye ukubalwa kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, sikucebisa ukuthi ubonise iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa kabusha kokwakhiwa kabusha kwezakhiwo futhi, kunoma yikuphi, beka izindawo ezinamathiselwe kaningi kuno-600-800mm.
2. Vumelana ukudonsa i-Snip 21-01-97 "Ukuphepha Komlilo Kwezakhiwo Nezakhiwo" Uhlaka Lophahla Olumisiwe lwenziwa kuphela kusuka ezintweni ezingavutha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukumelana nomlilo kwezindawo zokubopha kwanoma yimuphi umklamo wokwakha akufanele kube ngaphansi kunokwakheka ngokwako. Ngakho-ke, kulandela ukubeka uhlaka oluya ophahleni ophahleni olunama-dowels wensimbi kuphela, hhayi ipulasitiki, etholakala kaningi.
3. Ukugcwala kokugcwala emakhaya ethu akuyona into engekho emthethweni. Bafakaza ngobuhle ngodaka emithungo. Ukuze lezi zishintshi zingathinti isakhiwo somsila, kuyadingeka ukubheka kahle uhlelo lokuqinisa okhaleni lwenkampani yenethiwekhi futhi, uma kungenzeka, lunciphise inani lamathayi anzima ngokugcwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa amalunga ama-angular of the shi wephepha kusetshenziswa amakona okubusa ahlanganisiwe, futhi kulimaze i-scotch yesikela noma, okungcono, okungcono, ngokwesibonelo, ku-assortment "Ama-Knauf Gips".
Ubuhle hhayi kuphela
Kusetshenziswa amasistimu wokumiswa, esikhaleni phakathi kokubulawa kophahla nophahla, ungabeka amandla nezintambo zokuxhumana ngocingo, amapayipi okushisa epulasitiki nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi. Inzuzo eyinhloko yendlela kaGasket ukuphepha: ngoba uphahla cishe alukaze luqhutshwe izipikili futhi izimbobo azibanjwanga kulo, akukho bungozi bokulimaza ukuxhumana. Ngokuqondene nemicibisholo yomoya yokuqeda amandla futhi ifaka umoya, kwesinye isikhathi ayikwazi ukufihlwa nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. Uphahla olusezingeni eliphakeme luyakwazi ukusebenzela insizakalo enhle kanye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kokudlula phezulu (ngokwesibonelo, uma umehluko wokuphakama emhlanganweni wokuqina wekhonkrithi oqinisiwe yi-1-2 cm) noma phambi kwama-riglels atholakalayo (othwala imishayo), njengasezindlini zikaStalin.
Kuyiqiniso, ukufihla ukuxhumana namaflamu okwakha, ungasebenzisa idizayini ehlanganisiwe noma yokumiswa kuyo yonke indawo yophahla, kepha lokhu kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi usayizi wegumbi uzokwehla kakhulu. Uphahla lwe-Aznoral luzonciphisa lokhu kulahleka kube okungenani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngephrojekthi ephumelelayo yokuqamba, ngenxa yomdlalo wekamelo lokukhanyisa, igumbi lizobe libanzi, bese uphahla luphezulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukululama kwamazinga ophahla akubukeki njengento eyethulwe ngobuciko, futhi yabhalwa kusisombululo sangaphakathi esiphelele. Kulula ukwenza lokhu ngomklamo esingawashayela ama-cornice. Kuyibhokisi lokwakheka okungqubuzanayo, ububanzi nobukhulu, ophahleni ophahleni odongeni (ezimbili, izindonga ezintathu, kungaba ngasendaweni yegumbi). Ibhokisi elinjalo ngeke lisize ekufihleni ukuxhumana, kepha futhi lizokwakha umklamo omusha wokukhanya, futhi ligcizelele ngokuzuzisa izindawo ezisebenzayo ezihlukile. Ngosizo lwe-carnis ebanzi, kuzokwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza nokudla ekhishini, ukugqamisa igumbi lokugqoka egumbini lokulala, khetha ekhoneni lokuphumula egumbini lokuphumula it.d. Ngaphezu kwaleli ronice ebanzi kanye nolunye lwezindonga ezimfushane zegumbi elithi "inhlawulo", kwesinye isikhathi liyakwazi ukulungisa iziqu zalo ezingekho emthethweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma ukuqedwa kwelinye lamazinga kuzovunyelwa ngodonga oluseduze kwalo noma isicucu sephansi esikhona ngaphansi kwaso, umphumela "wegumbi egumbini" okuzovela.
Kepha izinhlobo zokwakha zophahla lwezinga eziningi azikhawulwanga kuma-cortnices amaqhubu. Umklami uzokunikeza ukufakwa kwakho kanye "Isiqhingi", kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene ze-curvilinear ehlukahlukene, kanye nezakhi ezisezingeni eliphakeme zejometri eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izisombululo zophahla lwe-Knypertariave zifaka phakathi izindawo zokusebenzisa (kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwe-caisson), ngaphakathi yiphi i-wiring noma okunye ukuxhumana kungabekwa.
Imaphi amathuba esinawo namuhla wokusebenzisa yonke le mibono ehlukahlukene?
a-stitched nge-backing fake;
b-kented ngethonsi eliphakeme elilingana no-30mm;
1- ukumiswa kuqondile;
3-profile umhlahlandlela;
Amaphrofayili we-4-Connectoror emazingeni amabili;
I-5-HCCV 9.5mm
Isisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo
Lapho idivaysi yophahla lwezinga eziningi ingasetshenziswa noma yimuphi umsila wanamuhla, izinhlelo zokunweba futhi ezimisiwe. Izakhiwo zivame ukuhlanganisa izinto zokwakha, zisebenzisa ezimbili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ezintathu ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile.
Izinhlaka zezinto eziguquguqukayo kunazo zonke ezivela ku-GLC. Okokunquma kopawu, amashidi avame ukuthathwa ngobukhulu be-9.5mm (uma kufika endlini yezwe noma "amakamelo" - empeleni amelana nomswakama). Off, amaphrofayili ophahla (i-PP) osayizi abangu-6027mm nezinkomba (PPN) 2827mm, kanye namabakaki okuqinisa okukuvumela ukuthi wehlise uphahla ngo-40-200mm. Izinkampani ezakwaSressererized "Belgips" (Belarus), "ama-GNAUF GYPS" (Russia) kanye neSanta-Gyproc (France) Kukhona ukumiswa, ubude bawo buvunyelwe ukulungiswa ngaphakathi kwama-250-500mm.
Izinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa ezingenakuqhathaniswa ze-drywall ziyindleko ephansi ngokuqhathaniswa kanye nekhono lokwenza ngalo amafomu abumbana kakhulu wokwakha. Ukubuya okushisekayo, okokuqala, isidingo se-putty and Painting imisebenzi ehlotshaniswa nesikhathi esengeziwe semali nezindleko zemali.
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Enye yezinketho zokwakha umklamo we-Celtive Celial Off kusuka ku-GLC: I-slab of the overlap yathuthukiswa ngamashidi eshidi we-carcart ohlelweni lwensimbi kanye nephrofayili yesifunda egobile yento yesikhathi esizayo (a) yethulwa. Ukumiswa kwakwehliselwa ophahleni futhi kwaqiniswa ngosizo lwabo lwamaphrofayli olwengeziwe wethrafikhi nge-pitchmmmm (GD). Ukuba nohlaka lwe-GLC, ukuvala amalunga ama-angular ngephrofayili ye-plaster (D, e). Ihlala ilola futhi ipende uphahla.
Photo R. ShelomeSeva
Kwesinye isikhathi esikhundleni se-HL, kusetshenziswa amaphaneli e-polystyrene e-polystyrene. Izinzuzo zabo eziphambili zikhulisiwe ukumelana komswakama, isisindo esincane kanye nokuqiniswa kwangaphandle nge-fiberglass, lula ukuqedwa kobuso. Isibhedlela, amaphaneli anjalo angaphezu kweziphindwe kabili kune-GKL. Enye indlela ehlukile kumashidi e-drywall amashidi (SML) usayizi 24401220mm no-4, 6, 8, 10 no-12mm ubukhulu. Cishe zilula izikhathi ezi-2 kune-glk, ziqine ekugobeni, ukumelana nomswakama okwengeziwe futhi ngasikhathi sinye kushibhile cishe ngama-20%. Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza nalokhu okuqukethwe kucishe kufane nange-glc. Kunye kuphela okuhlukile: ukudala amajamo we-curvilinear, amashidi okugoba okuminyene okungu-4 no-6mm esimweni esomile (i-GCL yalokhu imanzi, i-pre- "nasty" ene-roller ekhethekile). Kodwa-ke, i-radius yokugoba kwe-SML ngisho nobukhulu beshidi obuncane abakwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwama-2,5 m, okungukuthi, ama-curvature abushelelezi atholakalayo.
Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Ezingaphezulu Kwezigaba Eziningi kubuye zisebenzise i-barrisol yohlelo olwelulwe njengamanje, Carrnoir, Extenzer, i-Grupa DPS, i-Newmat, i-Versiills, iMondea (Netherlands), i-Clipso (Switzerland) idr. Sibhale ophahleni olusendaweni ephindaphindwayo (bheka "IVD", 2006, №8; 2008, №9). Manje khumbula ukuthi zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili: kusuka kwifilimu ye-PVC kanye ne-polyester engenvoven canvas. Owokuqala alungele ukwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okunemigqa egobile, njengezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufakwa kwalo (usebenzisa isibhamu sokushisa) akufaki ukubukeka kwamafolda nemibimbi. Ifilimu efanayo ye-PVC ecwebezelayo inekhono eliphakeme, ngiyabonga lapho uphahla luphakanyiswa. Kodwa-ke, phawula lokho, ngokungafani nendwangu ye-polyester, lokhu okuqukethwe akunakusetshenziswa emizini yokuhlala yesikhathi sonyaka: kumazinga okushisa angemuhle, kuyaba buthaka futhi kubhubhise ukuguquguquka komoya omncane (kufaka phakathi ukuguquguquka komoya). Izinga ubuncane ukwehlisa ophahleni elula kuncike ohlelweni obandayo: ngenye indlela inhlendla (PVC ifilimu) - 30-40mm, nge cam (polyester ngendwangu) - 8-10mm kuphela. I-Amaximal ingakhethwa ngokunqumela, njengoba i-baguette inamathiselwe ezindongeni. Ukuze uqinise izinkombandlela endaweni yezinga lamazinga, kuyadingeka ukwenza uhlaka lwamabha kanye ne-plywood.
Ngokumelene nezinhlekelele zemvelo
Uma kwenzeka ukuvuza, okwenzeka ngenxa yephutha lomakhelwane kusuka efulethini, eliseqophelweni, okokuqala kwabo bonke kuhlupheka ophahleni. Uma kwenziwa ngamashidi e-plasterboard (akunandaba, okujwayelekile noma ukumelana nomswakama), okungenzeka ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi kuthathelwe indawo, ngoba kuzobe kufunwa futhi ngeke kukhishwe, ngeke bakwazi ukuthola isimo sabo sangempela. Ukunikezwa kophahla okumisiwe okuvela ku-fiberglass, njenge-metal rush, umswakama awulimazi. Inzalo izomelana nokuhlolwa okufanayo futhi yelule ophahleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu le-PVC, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi, lingasindisa uZamcolo wekhaya lakho. Kuliqiniso, ukuhlanganisa amanzi asuka ku- "bubble" asungulwa, kuzodingeka ukuthi kubangele amakhosi awo izinsizakalo ezizobiza okungenani ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12-12.
Kwesinye isikhathi uphahla olumisiwe lwe-modular lubandakanya ezakhiweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Bayingxenye yamamojula abhekene nefreyimu esetshenzisiwe, enamathiselwe ekungeneni kwe-slab ekumisweni (ubude bokugcina kungalungiswa, futhi kufinyelela ku-500mm). Izinhlelo ezimisiwe zikhiqiza i-Armstrong (USA), i-Ecophon, Parafon, Rockfon (Denmark), Amf, Illbruck, OWA (YONKE Germany).
Amamojula ahlukene ngokwehlukene (usayizi weplate 600400, 600g 600, 1200600mm idr.; Iphaneli 300-400mm ububanzi nobude kuya ku-2-300mm kuze kube yi-6m Akhiqizwa kusuka ezintweni ezahlukahlukene: ekhishwe i-fiberglass, i-gypsum, i-melamine mass, insimbi (insimbi eyenziwe ngensimbi (yensimbi ye-galvanized ne-aluminium). Izinzuzo zalezo zinhlelo zilula ukufakwa kanye nokukhethwa okubanzi ngokungafani nemibala kanye nokwenziwa kwamamojula. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi amapuleti namaphaneli acishe asuswe njalo, ngakho-ke kulula ukuwafaka esikhundleni somonakalo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyelela esikhaleni sikadokotela kuyagcinwa, okusiza ukucwaningwa kwezokuxhumana.
Abanye abakhiqizi ophahleni okumisiwe (ngokwesibonelo, i-Armstrong ne-Ecophon) banikezela ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo zokuguqulwa okubushelelezi phakathi kwamazinga wedizayini - izinto ezikhethekile ezigobile nezinto ezikhethekile zohlaka. Kuliqiniso, zilethwa kuphela uku-oda, futhi isikhathi sokubulawa kwaso sizoba ngaphezu kwenyanga eyi-1. Kumahlelo kuphela phakathi kwezinhlelo zokumiswa ze-modular ezingatholakala imikhiqizo enjalo evamile efana nesibuko noma i-transststrent polystyrene ne-polycarbonate ophahleni. Ngenxa yamalambu we-luminescent atholakala ngemuva kweshidi le-matte plexiglas, ungadala uphahla "olukhazimulayo". Kodwa-ke, noma yiziphi izakhiwo ezigxekayo zinikeza amathuba amaningi okuhlelela kabusha ukukhanyisa okuphezulu egumbini.
Ukuhlukahluka kophahla lwamazinga amaningi
(Usebenzisa izingxenye ze-knauf gypsum)
okuhlanganisiwe (kusuka ku-plasterboard kanye nendwangu engeyona eye-polyester); b-kented nge-cornice, efakwe ukukhanya okufihliwe; in-core ngokushintshela okuyindilinga kuma-eaves; 1-web; 2-Baguette; 3-profile umhlahlandlela; 4 - Iphrofayili yophahla; Ukumiswa okungu-5 ngqo; I-6-HCCV 9.5mm; Ukumiswa okungu-7 - okuguqukayo; Ukumiswa okungu-8 kuyashintshwa nge-Donsela (Stud); 9-g Clac 9, 5mm ezingqimba ezimbili; Amaphrofayili we-10-Connectoror emazingeni amabili; Ekhoneni le-11-isixhumi; Udaka ekhoneni elingu-12 |
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Ukukhanyiselwa okumnandi
Uphahla olusezingeni eliphakeme cishe luhlala luhlome ngama-luminaires owakhelwe ngaphakathi. Abazange bahlobise indawo yangaphakathi kuphela, kodwa futhi futhi bakhanyisa kakhulu igumbi uma liqhathaniswa ne-chandelier ephakathi. Okufanayo kubonakala amandla okuhlela imithombo ekhanyayo lapho kudingekile ikakhulukazi (ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezulu kwe-countertop esebenza ekhishini). Kuliqiniso, ukuze ufake amadivayisi anjalo wokukhanyisa, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lamazinga alingana nesilinganiso se-120mm. Ngobukhulu obuncane bokuklama (40-60 mm), ungasebenzisa ama-LED. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, akudingekile ukwenza ngaphandle kokufaka okusobala ngaphakathi kophahla (kwenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ku-blass enamabala noma matte plexiglas). Uphahla lombhali luzohlaba umxhwele kakhulu, umzimba wazo ongenziwa cishe kunoma yikuphi okubonakalayo, insimbi, izinkuni, ipulasitiki, amashidi e-plasterboard .. Akukubi ukufaka ama-mini-batlights amahle futhi ngaphezulu "amapuleti" - kulokhu udinga ikhebula kuphela ophahleni.Uma izibani zifakwe ophahleni lwentambo, ngoba ngamunye wazo kuzodingeka ukudala isisekelo se-plywood noma imigoqo. Kususwa izintambo ezeluliwe ezingeni lophahla lwesikhathi esizayo ukuze ingaphezulu lefilimu (iwebhu) lihlala lishelelezi ngokuphelele. Ama-SportLights of Light afakwa ophahleni lweluliwe, enza izindandatho ezifudumele ezifakwayo phakathi kwe-rim newebhu (ifilimu). Ngasikhathi sinye, amandla amalambu we-halogen akufanele adlule amalambu angama-35W, kanye namalambu we-incandescent - 60w (ngaphandle kwalokho insimbi eyenziwe iselula izokhokha impahla yophahla).
Lapho ukukhanyisa okuphezulu kuhlelwa kabusha kudivayisi ye-wirical kagesi, kuyadingeka ukunakekela kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sophahla (kodwa phambi kwephrojekthi yayo eqediwe). Lapho kuzokwenziwa umsebenzi we-electrotechnical, ungakhohlwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-wiring yophahla lwensimbi olungalungiswa olwenziwe ngezinto ezingekho emthethweni zenziwa kusuka kumakhebuli angenakufakelwa noma ukuhlukaniswa okungekho emthethweni noma "Ng"). Uma uhlela ukwenza uphahla lwezinto ezivuthayo, i-wiring kuzofanela yenziwe ngaphakathi kwepayipi lensimbi (umkhono oguqukayo we-PVC ayifanelekile ngale njongo), ubukhulu bezindonga ezincike kwingxenye yesiphambano Intambo yaphila. Ipayipi lihlelwe ngama-clamp ezingxenyeni zohlaka noma ku-slab of the overlap.
Empeleni sisebenza
Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sophahla esiyinkimbinkimbi (uma amaphutha atholakala ngemuva kwawo) - icala liyanzima futhi liyabiza. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubekezelele ifenisha egumbini lokusuka egumbini, ukumboza uthuli nangokungcola bese ugcine phansi, izindonga, iminyango namafasitela kusuka kumonakalo ongaba khona. Ngakho-ke, iyalela idivaysi yophahla olusezingeni eliphakeme kulandela izinkampani ezifakazelwe kuphela ezinikeza isiqinisekiso sezinto zokwakha nokufakwa. Indlela elula yokubhekana nabakhiqizi bezinhlelo zengxabano, banikeze isiqinisekiso esiphelele ku-canvas, izakhi kanye nomsebenzi wokufaka (imvamisa iminyaka eyi-10). Kodwa-ke, ophahleni lwelezingeni olusezingeni eliphansi luyizikhathi eziyi-1.6-2 (futhi phambi kwezinto ze-curvilinear, amahlandla ama-3) kubiza kakhulu kunophahla lwendawo efanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yobunzima obukhulu lapho izilinganiso, ukwenza amaphethini nokufakwa.
Isiqinisekiso sokuphakamisa umklamo ophakamisayo nosomisiwe kufanele kube neminyaka emi-2 ubudala, igama elinjalo lanele ukwenza noma yimuphi umshado ocashile. Uma usebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu (ngokwesibonelo, umsila nokwelula), kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi ngokugadwa kokwakhiwa okujwayelekile nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo. Futhi kungcono uma kungenjalo osonkontileka abahlukile kunikeza isiqinisekiso, kepha kuwukusebenzisa ngokuqinile kulokhu kugadwa.
Ukubalwa okuyisibonelo kwenani lendawo ephansi yophahla olusemuva lwe-18m2 kusuka ku-glc
| Igama lemisebenzi | Inombolo ye | intengo, rub. | Izindleko, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Plasterboard nomsebenzi wokupenda | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 14 500. |
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe | |||
| Amaphrofayili Imihlahlandlela 3040mm. | Iphawundi lama-20 M. | 90. | 1800. |
| Amaphrofayli uphahla 4040mm | 32 POG. M. | 110. | 3520. |
| Ukumiswa kwamaphrofayli | Ama-44 ama-PC. | 25. | 1100. |
| Ama-Plasterboard amashidi 10mm | I-21m2. | 140. | 2940. |
| I-tepennents ehloliwe | 1 roll | 180. | 180. |
| Hlanganisa i-spike vetonit kr | 10kg | 23. | 230. |
| Upende we-polymer beckers nondrop | 6 | 70. | 420. |
| -Nke | 24,690. |
Ukubalwa okuyisibonelo kwenani lendawo yophahla yophahla lwe-24m2
| Igama lemisebenzi | Inombolo ye | intengo, rub. | Izindleko, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukwakha Uhlaka Lokwakha | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 4000. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-baguette kanye ne-canvas | 24m2. | 410. | 9840. |
| Ukufakwa kwamalambu | 6. | 700. | 4200. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Chandelier | 1800. | okukodwa | 1800. |
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe | |||
| Amaphrofayili we-Bagetny | 21 POG. M. | 190. | 3990. |
| I-PVC ecwebekileyo | I-26m2. | 740. | 19 240. |
| -Nke | 43 070. | ||
| Ukungezelela Ubunzima Bokusebenza | 14,000 | ||
| -Nke | 57 070. |
Ukubalwa okuyisibonelo kwezindleko zophahla olumisiwe olumisiwe olunendawo ye-18m2 kusuka kumaphaneli e-acoustic
| Igama lemisebenzi | Inombolo ye | intengo, rub. | Izindleko, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uhlaka nokufakwa kwamaphaneli | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-12,000 |
| Ukufakwa kwamalambu | isishiyagalombili | 400. | 3200. |
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe | |||
| Uhlelo olumisiwe | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 8600. |
| Amaphaneli we-OwaSoustic Smart 60060012mm | Izingcezu ezingama-50 | 120. | 4500. |
| -Nke | 28 300. |
Ihhovisi lokuhlela ngiyabonga Karee Noir Noir, Knauf Gypsum, Mal-C, Saint-Goben Construction Products Rus, "Strenger", "Ecosil", "I-Ecosil" ukuze kulungiswe izinto ezibonakalayo.