Ubuchwepheshe bokuzalela. Ingxoxo ngokuhleleka nokungabonakali kokudweba inkontileka ephethwe nabikazi
Ukuvakashela izingosi ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza lapho kwenziwa khona izindlu zomlilo zesikhathi esizayo, sanquma ukutshela ngezinqubo lapho, futhi mayelana nezibonelo ezithile ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe bokusika, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabange kusenesikhathi lapho ubonakalisa Izindlela zokuzixazulula kwinkontileka ephetha ngosonkontileka.
Izandla - Indimo Yesiko, Indlela Ehloliwe Yokwakha Izakhiwo. Intshisakalo kuyo ayincishisiwe nhlobo, yize kukhona izinto zanamuhla nobuchwepheshe, kunalokho, zivula amathuba amaningi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, amasu okwakha kanye nezinhlobo zokwakha zezakhiwo ezidaliwe, ezinqunywe yizakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo - log, azonke zihlale zingashintshiwe. Iziqu ezinde eziqondile, njengeminyaka edlule, ziyi-racing, zihlanganisa emakhoneni ngezindlela ezihlukile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kutholwa indlu ye-log. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokwenziwa kwama-log cabins zisabhekwa njengephayini naku-fir. Kuliqiniso, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsedari kanye ne-larch banqotshwa manje nange-larch (phambilini okugcina ngenxa yokumelana okuphezulu kokulayisha nokubumba okuphezulu kwakusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukudala imigqa yokugcina yebandla). Ukuba nohlobo lwesihlahla kuletha iphunga lakhona elikhethekile, elimangalisayo endlini.
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Ungaqala kuphi?
Kuyiqiniso, ukuxhumana kwakho nenkampani ekhethiwe yokwakha kufanele kuqale ngengxoxo ne-Architect ochwepheshe kwizakhiwo ze-Log. Uzoxoxa ngesixazululo sokucushwa kanye ne-stylistic ekhaya. Nakanjani uzoveza izifiso zabo: Inani elidingekayo lamakamelo okulala (futhi ngakulapho), usayizi osondelene negumbi lokuphumula nekhishi (isidingo sokubahlanganisa esitudiyo), inani lamakamelo okusetshenziswa, amakamelo okugeza kanye nemishini yawo . UmJuda ngesisekelo salezi zifiso, umklami uzonikela ngezinketho eziningana ezingenzeka zendlu yesikhathi esizayo, kahle, kuzofanele ukhethe futhi uvumele enye yazo. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi wenze lokhu futhi uchwepheshe uzoqala ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi, izingqinamba eziningi ezihlobene ngqo nobuchwepheshe bokugawula amasu, bese ukhombisa konke okudingayo kwinkontileka ephethayo. Cabanga ngale mibuzo imininingwane.
Ungakubhala kanjani umugqa oqondile ku-log?
Kungenasicaba kakhulu ngohlobo lwe-log, alulula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, yize kukhona ubukhona be-laser namanye amasu anamuhla ahlanganyele ekwenziweni kwama-corpenter log amakhabethe ukuchitha umugqa oqondile ku-log, ukhethe ukusetshenziswa okufakazelwe emakhulwini eminyaka, futhi kungenzeka izinkulungwane zeminyaka, indlela.
Emikhawulweni ye-log, ithuluzi lokulinganisa elifanele (njengekhabhoni, izinga, umugqa we- let.p.), kuvela ukumaka okuhambelana nalo "ngamaphuzu amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho bathatha i-twine eqinile eqinile futhi balungisa nge-whann noma nge-nail eyodwa ephela ngophawu lokuqala (a). Bayihlikihla ikhanda lekhanda, bese belungisa omunye umkhawulo ophawu lwesibili. Kuhlala kusandleni ukudonsa i-twine kusuka endaweni yokungena (b), bese kukhululwa kakhulu, futhi umugqa omnyama oqondile usulungile (b).
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Roll noma uqine?
Izwe ukususa amagxolo ngamalogi namuhla sebenzisa ama-hydraulic noma imishini ye-hydraulic noma ebiza kakhulu ye-hydroabrasive, ababazi baseRussia basasetshenziselwa ukufeza inhloso efanayo yokuthola amavi angahlolwe ama-vintage. Dlulisela icala le-cora lisuswa yimbewu noma i-scraper ekhomba (ifosholo), ngokwesesibili, ngosizo lwendoda. Zombili lezi zindlela zinhle ngoba zikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ungqimba olungaphandle lokuzivikela lwezinkuni, ixhaphozi, kepha ukucutshungulwa kwe-rubine kucishe kubiza i-15-20% kunokukhipha izembe. Kepha ukubukeka kwezingodo kuhluke ngokuphelele: mhlophe, kuhlanzekile. (Ngokuhlanza ama-coarse, ungqimba oluphansi oluphansi lwe-barbell lungahlala ku-log, ikholelwa kahle yonke into, kuze kube sengxenyeni yamaseli aphilayo - amakhekhe atholakala ngaphansi kwenkululeko.) Ithi, ukungahambi kahle kwemvelo. Iyiphi indlela ongayikhetha kuwe. Konke kuncike ekutheni yikuphi ukucubungula ohlela ukuhambisa izindonga ngemuva kokuqopha indlu onayo kwisakhiwo. Uma uhlela ukugaya kusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle (izindleko zokusebenza zingama-ruble angama-500. Okwe-1m2), kungenzeka ukukhawulela i-ham enzima. Uma ungapenda ngokushesha, kufanelekile ukukhetha ukucubungula ngesidlo sasekuseni. Kepha kufanele kube yikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu: ekhefini eligcinwe (licishe libe sobala (ngakho-ke, lapho ukushayela kubi, kungakhula ungqimba oluncanyana lokuqothuka, le nqubo iyaqhubeka kwilogi etholwayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho izindonga kuzodingeka zigaye (kusho "ukukhala" ukukhala!), Noma ukupenda ngombala omnyama, ongafani nawo wonke umuntu.
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1. I-cruel ye-log House, njengoba emakhulu eminyaka edlule, yenziwa kude nendawo lapho kuzofakwa khona kamuva. I-WIBS LIDIT esizeni sokukhiqiza, lapho amakhabethe amaningi e-log ahlukene angaqoqa khona ngasikhathi sinye.
2. Ifosholo eliqinisekisiwe - ithuluzi elilungele kakhulu lokusika i-bitch encane nokususwa kwamagxolo. Kepha akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukuhlanzeka okuphelele kwendawo ye-log nakho.
3-4. Ukushayela i-ham ye-log. I-Babel Gender Susa ngobumnene, ungqimba oluminyene kakhulu lokuqothuka. Ukoma ngaphandle, ilogi enjalo ingathenga imibala ye-Pegoy.
Izingodo nabantu abanikazi abangalingani abasele kuzo nazo azineliseki. Yebo, futhi ababazi bamalogi anjalo kunzima ukusebenza, ngakho-ke amafemu amaningi anikela ngokudubula izingodo emafutheni esonto le-rubankov, khona-ke bangabe belifana nelindilinga, kepha bangalahlekelwa amandla okumelana nomoya amathonya (kuphela izingqimba ezingenhla ze-collot eziqediwe. Izingodo ezinjalo zibiza kakhulu nge-20-30%, kepha indlu ye-log ithola ukubukeka ngobuhle, futhi izindonga zingapendwe ngokushesha ngemuva komhlangano. Yebo, labo abangakwenza sikwazi, bangangezelela ngokuphumula ngaphambi kokupenda, banikeze ukufana okukhulu kakhulu ne-roundabout.
Uyacelwa uqaphele: Ngokwanda kwezindleko ze-log, ngenxa yokucubungula kwawo, kungenzeka ukuthi kwandise izindleko zokwakha isakhiwo se-log, ngoba kunqunywa umthetho owamukelwa ngokuvamile wabakhiqizi.
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5-6. I-Log eqinile emithethweni, susa okungahambi kahle kwemvelo, futhi izinkuni azilahlekelwa amandla okumelana namathonya asemkhathini. Indawo ehleliwe ayibushelelezi ngokuphelele, kepha ngokwesisekelo ayinakucutshungulwa ngaphezu kwalokho.
7-8. Ukwephulwa kwamadayimane ahlukene kanye nokushibilika okushiywe ngokuqondile ebusweni bawo kuzonikeza izindonga zangempela. Kepha ukwamukelwa okunje "kwezobuchwepheshe" ngeke kuthande wonke umuntu.
Ungayenza kanjani ama-grooves?
Ukuze izingodo zikhanyiselwe ngokuqinile, ama-grooves (Chute) akhethiwe eceleni kwenye yezingodo ezihlanganisiwe. Indlela endala yokudala iye yalandelayo. Ilogi entsha ibekwe odongeni nangosizo lwethuluzi elikhethekile - "izici" - kuzo zombili izinhlangothi imiphetho ye-groove yesikhathi esizayo ihlelwe. "Isici" sibukeka njengokujikeleza: umlenze owodwa onama-slidep we-markup ngaphezulu kwelogi eliphansi, okwesibili kunamathela umugqa phezulu phezulu. Ithuluzi lingamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, futhi namuhla ababazi banamuhla bavame ukuzithuthukisa kancane, banamathisela izinga le-bubble kwelinye lemilenze.
Okulandelayo, ngaphesheya kwe-groove yenza ilanga le-chainaw, bese kubanjwa okukhethekile (ibala laso (ibala laso alitholakali eceleni kwe-axle, futhi ngaphesheya futhi linohlobo lwe-gutter) olusuka kwimicu khetha izinkuni. Ngasikhathi sinye, imicu iqandisiwe, ivimba okuthiwa amaphakethe amancane, anciphisa amandla okudonsa izinkuni ukuba zithole umswakama. Ucabangani, kungani sisitshela njalo ngokuningiliziwe ngakho?
Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinye izinkampani zenziwe lula inqubo yokwakha i-groove. Thatha ama-chainaw: vzhik, vzhik- futhi ulungele. Kepha imiphumela yalokhu idabuke kakhulu. Okokuqala, i-log ingahlukaniswa eceleni kwe-groove (isigaba esibukhali se-groove kungukugxila kwe-voltage). Okwesibili, i-groove enxantathu uma iqhathaniswa ne-semicircular inokushisa okuphansi okunezinkomba ezinomsindo (kepha cishe kushibhile oku-2.
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9-10. "Ukulimala" okuyisisekelo ("DwellBerry") nge-Bubble Level.
Inqubo ye-11.classical yenqubo yokukhiqiza i-semicitudinal Groove ekhethekile nge-axle ekhethekile ye-axle.
12. I-coropted Longitudinal Groove, yenziwa ukusebenzisa ama-chainaws.
I-Ishche inye ehlotshaniswa ne-groove endeItudinal iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele linake kakhulu. Ububanzi be-groove buwubukhulu bodonga endaweni emincane. Ngakho-ke i-groove ibanzi, udonga olufudumele nendlu iyonke. Ngokusho kwethiyori, ububanzi obudingekayo be-groove kumele buhambisane nezimo zesimo sezulu ngalesi sifunda, bese ukubala, ngokusekelwe ekushiseni okuphakathi kobusika. Isibonelo, ku-At -20C, ububanzi obuncane be-groove kumele kube ngu-10-12 cm; ku -30c- 12-13cm; AT -40C- 14-16cCM. Ububanzi be-Groove ende, banquma ubukhulu (ububanzi) bezingodo ezisetshenzisiwe, kepha akufanele ngedlule u-2/3 we-log ububanzi. Ubukhulu bezikhala phakathi komqhele akufanele bungabi ngaphezu kwe-1mm, bese e-Bowl - 3-5mm. Igebe elinjalo kulula ukuvala ukufakwa okubekwe e-groove.
Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukwenza i-groove kuya ku-2/3 ububanzi belogi. Kepha ake sibheke le nkinga ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lokho okubanzi kubanzi, kuncane ukuphakama komqhele, futhi kusho ukuthi inani lemiqhele kwi-siriba lizokwanda. Ukuphakama kokulahleka kwevolumu enkulu yezinkuni, khokha okuwukuthi - wena. Ochwepheshe abahlolisiswe yithina, abanemikhuba ebanzi yokwakha, basinike izeluleko ezinjalo: ububanzi obuncane be-groove yeqembu eliphakathi - 140mm, futhi akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-1/2 ububanzi be-log. Ngenxa yalokho, ububanzi bezingodo ezisetshenzisiwe kufanele kube ngu-28-35 cm.
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13-14. Vele uxhume izingodo emakhoneni "ezindabeni ze-obloman" kungenzeka zibe nobude obufanayo nahlukile (13). Kungenzeka ukugcwalisa ngomugqa owasungulwa noma umakhi (14). Lo mbuzo kumele uchazwe kusengaphambili.
I-15-16.erker prortrusion ohlelweni ingenye yezindawo ezikhanyiselwe kakhulu endlini, futhi amafasitela akuwo kufanele abe ebanzi. Ukuhlelwa okude kwezingodo kuzovimba ingxenye yefasitela ngaphandle (15) noma kwenze kunciphise usayizi wayo ubuncane (16).
"Emaphethelweni" noma "esihlathini"?
Amalogi kwikhabethe le-log afakwe ngokuhlukile ngama-comulas ezinkomba ezihlukile ukumelana nemigqa evundlile. Amanyuvesi abo axhumeke ngezindlela ezimbili: ngensalela ("WOBLO") futhi ngaphandle kwensali ("e-paw"). Ngayinye yazo inezinzuzo zayo nokubi. Lapho ukhala "emaphethelweni", cishe ngo-0,5 m ku-log ngayinye ulahlekile ngenxa yezinsalela ze-angular. Kepha i-angle ibukeka yinhle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ifudumele. Uma indlu kamuva ingeyodwa, izingqinamba zizodala ubunzima endleleni eya kwelitshe eliqondiwe.
Ukusikwa "ku-paw" kungokomnotho ngokwengeziwe ngokwemibandela yokugeleza kwezinkuni, kepha kudinga umsebenzi ofanele futhi ucocekile. Lokhu kuxhumana akufudumele kangako, ngakho-ke i-angle ingaphandle, awufuni ukufunwa, kufanele ungene. Kodwa-ke, kuzokwenzeka ukukwenza lokhu kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3, lapho indlu ye-log iwela ngokuphelele, uma kungenjalo kube nengozi yokuthi lapho kuvela khona izingodo.
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17.Glose izingodo izingodo "ku-paw".
18-20. Ukuxhumana kwezindonga zangaphakathi kuvame ukwenziwa "ku-paw" (18). Usebenzisa izihlakala ezikhethekile, kungenzeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi izingodo zodonga olulodwa azikhanyi enye (19.20).
Iziphi izitsha ezikhethayo?
Ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela zezinkomishi ezisetshenziswayo lapho kuxhuma izingodo emakhoneni "esifundeni", kwakusendaweni enhle kakhulu eRussia. Bonke banengqondo, kepha hhayi bonke abalula. Akuve kuwukuphenya ngalo: "Ekupholiseni", "kuqhubeke", "kuDir"! Iningi labo lanamuhla lanamuhla alizwanga. Ezinye izinto ezingathandeki, ngeshwa, zalimala unomphela. Kepha izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zaphila ngokuphepha osukwini lwanamuhla futhi zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo isitsha esijwayelekile nesitsha "ngeKurdyuk". Othandweni, isilinda se-semi-cut set phansi kwesinye sezingodo, siphinda iphrofayili yezingodo ezihlanganisiwe naye. Ingaphezulu lesitsha esijwayelekile libushelelezi, futhi enkabeni yesitsha "ngeKurdyuk" Kukhona eduze kwe-axis yeSpike ("Kurdyuk"), okufakiwe kwi-groove eyenziwe kwi-log ye-mating. Isitsha esithi "Ku-Kurdyuk" sisebenza kanzima, futhi ngenxa yalokho kubiza kakhulu, kepha kunika amandla amakhulu abucayi.
Izitsha zingagawulwa phansi zombili phansi futhi zibheke phansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, isitsha saya phansi, njengabasebenzi esincane, cishe kushibhile kabili kunalokho okufanayo, kepha phansi kuya phezulu. Kepha enkomishini engezansi, amanzi emvula angaqongelela, kepha ezansi phansi ngeke avele angakuwona, ngakho-ke isihlangu esinjalo sizophila isikhathi eside.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-corks "ngeKurdyuk" (kwenziwa kuphela phansi) lapho amalogi axhunyiwe ngakwesokunene, athi, abizayo ngakho-ke ngokungathandeki . Yebo, futhi awudingi ukuqina okuphezulu okunjalo kwikhoneni eliqondile lesonto. Izakhiwo zezakhiwo ze-accer zinjalo igama elinjalo libaluleke kakhulu, ngoba, ngokusho kokuqashelwa okujwayelekile, ukuphela kwendlela yokunikeza le polyhedron (i-geometry kanye nokuhamba kwayo okuphezulu kuchazwa) ukuqina.
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21-23. Uhlobo lwe-Classic: isitsha sesikhathi esizayo sibekwe ngosizo lwe- "izici", bese luhlotshiswe ngembazo (21), ukwakheka kokugcina kunikezwa ngokufaka isicelo se-TESL (22.23).
24.Communication Propesy kufanele asuse izingcindezi eziseceleni ezingaphandle kwezingodo ezivela ngesikhathi sokomiswa kwayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvikele imifantu eminingi.
I-proplograst proplograst
Njengoba kunezingodo ezinobunzima obunomswakama wemvelo wokwenziwa kwelogi ngokhuni njengoba ugesi akhuphuka njengokumiswa. Umphumela uvame ukwephuka kwemicu, futhi kuvela imifantu ebusweni be-log. Ukunciphisa amathuba okubalwa okukhulu kakhulu kokuqhekeka engxenyeni ebonakalayo ye-log, abakhiqizi abaningi banikezwa ukuhlela i-crest yayo okubizwa ngokuthi ukujula okungu-5-7cm (okufana ne-propyl, okwenziwe efektri ngaphakathi izingodo). Kwenze, kusetshenziswe ama-chainaw, futhi ukuze kungafinyeleli ekugcineni kokukhishwa futhi akubonakali ngaphandle (kusuka phezulu, kwamboza ukungena ngemvume okulandelayo ku-SRUB).
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi imibono yochwepheshe iphendule ngathi maqondana nobukhulu bokuqaliswa kwe-propyl ehlukaniswe kanjena: bangedwa, abanye, ngokwezigaba. Ngubani olungile, ungahluleli. Futhi, sizokweluleka yinto eyodwa kuphela: Uma usanquma ukwenza i-groove endeitudinal ezansi kwezingodo ezinama-chainaws, kusuka ekudleni okunxephezelani kwayo kufanele kususwe. Ama-hubs amabili ku-log eyodwa yile, kholwa nami, futhi: ilogi lapho yomiswa nje kuhlukana nesigamu.
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Izinhlobo ze-Connecting Bowl: Okujwayelekile phansi (25); Phansi okujwayelekile phansi (26); Isitsha "ngeKurdyuk" yendawo yendabuko (27); I-Kosya Bowl "neKurdyuk" ye-ERKERS (28).
Ukwenza nini umbhikisho?
Lapho uklama ama-Interiors emakhaya akhiwe kusuka kubha noma ama-boiliss, ubunzima akulula ukusakaza noma ukujabulisa ifenisha ehambelana kahle. I-AVT uma izindonga zingena, izinkinga ezinempahla etholakala kaningi.
Isixazululo salo msebenzi ungokhokho bethu ngisho naku-XVIV, siqala ukubhikisha izindonga zasendlini. Kepha umbhikishi oqoqwe kwinqubo eyodwa yelogi edla isikhathi futhi ngenxa yalokho kubiza kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bayalulekwa ukuthi bacacise isidingo salokhu kusebenza lapho beklama, khona-ke kuzokwenziwa esigabeni somhlangano weGramu.
Kwenzeka kanjalo. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-Long-off-stroove groove kanye nezitsha zokuxhuma zifakiwe kwikhabethe ye-log, umbazi ukhiqiza izilinganiso ezidingekayo zokukhuluphana kwawo, bese ugoqa indiza yesikhathi esizayo ku-log ngqo, bese ama-chainaw adala le ndiza . Ukulondolozwa okuqinisekisiwe kuqhathaniswa nodonga lokubhikisha kunama-ruble angama-200. ku-1m2.
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29-30. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhiqiza uxhumano lwe-angular luhlukile kwe-classical: Ukuhlobisa isitsha usebenzisa i-chainsaw (29), bese ekugcineni kulungiswa ngosizo lwembazo ne-tesla (30).
31-32. Sebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-log ezingosini zokukhiqiza, lapho kungekho crane yokuphakamisa, iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ukuphakama kwekheji kungafinyeleli ukukhula kwabantu (31). Lapho-ke ababazi baqala ukuhlangana ikheji elilandelayo. Indlu ye-log ngokugcwele izohlanganiswa kuphela esizeni somnikazi. Uma i-crane yokuphakamisa, azikho izinkinga ezinjalo (32).
Ukwenza nini futhi kanjani ukwenza i-antiseplation?
Isigaba esigunyaziwe futhi esibaluleke kakhulu sokungena ngemvume - Lesi yi-antiseptation ye-log. Ochwepheshe bathi sekuvele ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 ngemuva kokuchitheka kwesihlahla, ukhunta uvela ekunciphisweni kwawo, futhi izingxabano zilungiswe ebusweni, it.p. Bawela esiteji sokukhiqiza. Kuhlala njalo, uma ungafaki, yithi, ukushaywa okusebenzayo, yonke "isixha sezimbangi" izokhula ebusweni obusikiwe. Ngakho-ke, i-Log On Isayithi Yokukhiqiza idinga ukuba yi-antisepstrate, futhi ngaphezulu kwesisodwa. Ochwepheshe bokuqala be-antiseplation belulekwa ukuthi bazivocavoce ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi amagxolo asuswe ezingomeni (kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, ngoba kunesikhathi eside phakathi kokusebenza kwe-ham futhi ungena kwi-Log On the Assembweni). Ukucutshungulwa okuphindaphindiwe kwelogi ngakunye lapho ama-grooves nezitsha ezixhumanisa khona zigawulwa lapho zifakwe kwikhabethe le-log.
Kamuva, lapho izingodo zamalogi zizohanjiswa endaweni yomnikazi, lapho zihlangana kubalulekile ukuqeda i-antiseplation yesithathu.
"Monolith" | 
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33-36. Ubusuku obuvela ku-log eyindilinga njengabo bonke, ngaphandle kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukubeka ifenisha eduze kwabo. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bakhetha ukukhombisa izindonga ezingaphakathi. Kuphela, ngeshwa, khumbula ukuthi kumele kwenziwe lapho indlu isivele yakhiwe. Azry! Kungenzeka ukunikeza izindonga ezindongeni esigabeni sokusika, usebenzisa ama-chainaws ajwayelekile, ashibhile kunokuhlola okuqoqwe.
Kuzokwenzekani uma unganaki lesi sincomo? Umlobi wale migqa wawungesikhathi esisodwa nje sokuvakashela indawo yokwakha, lapho indlu yayivele yahlangane khona, izingodo zazo zazingaze ziphathwe nge-antiseptic. Noma ngabe ngesimo sezulu, le ndlu "kusukela ekuzalweni" kwakungeyona yenhlanhla, ukuthi ababazi bahliselwa yini, umswakama kuphela wokhuni over%. Izingodo eziku-Siruba zaziyimibala yonke, ngaphandle kwemvelo: Grey, emnyama, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngisho nohlaza. U-Isaya wesabisa - usuka ngaphansi kokugcwalisa ama-grooves amangalisayo okufakwa okumanzi okukhanyisa isikhunta nesikhunta. Ngokuvamile, ifilimu yezokwakha ezesabekayo. Yebo, leyo mizamo yobuqhawe eyayenza ngemuva kwalokho yenza abanikazi bendlu bayisindise, bafanelwe yindaba ehlukile. Lo mzabalazo wezempilo yempilo uhlala iminyaka engu-1.5, futhi ukuphela akukabonakali.
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I-crate eyodwa noma okuningi?
Ababazi baseRussia ababengenayo imishini yokuphakamisa esindayo bakhishwe ngamakhabethe ama-log (amaseli ngokunembile, amaseli), ngalinye laliphakeme ekukhuleni komuntu. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokugawulwa kokushaqeka okulandelayo, futhi iqukethe eqinisweni lokuthi ngokuqedwa okuqediwe, umqhele ongenhla uyasuswa bese ubeka phansi phansi kuma-backups. Ngalesi sisekelo, dala ikhreyithi entsha. Ngaphezu kokuphakama kwendlu, ukusebenza kwentuthu kwesinye isikhathi kuyaphindwa kaninginingi, kepha amakhosi akhiqiza wonke umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwesonto emi emhlabathini. Empeleni ukuxutshwa sekumi ngomumo, ahlakazwa futhi ahanjiswa esizeni somnikazi, lapho aqoqwe khona esisekelweni endlini eyodwa.
Ukuhamba kwentuthu nanamuhla kusebenzisa izinkampani eziningi, kodwa hhayi zonke. Amapulatifomu okukhiqizwa amafemu amakhulu avame ukuhlonyiswa ngama-cranes anamandla, futhi indlu ye-log iqoqwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kumqhele wokugcina endaweni eyodwa.
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42-43. Ukufakwa endaweni kanye nelogi elisetshenzisiwe le-antiseptic linamathiselwe kumqhele ophansi onama-brazers wokhuni kuphela ezitsheni ezixhumayo.
44-45. GREBKS, isikhunta, abamnyama abavele ngokhuni ngenxa yesitoreji esingafanele noma sokuhamba, kufanele babhujiswe kusetshenziswa i-bleach ngokhuni. Lezi zithombe zenziwa ngesikhawu se-5min kuphela.
Sikutshele kanjani ngalokhu? Izindlela ngasinye zinezithiyo zayo. Kunethuba lokuthi lapho ama-smooling awona ababazi abanolwazi kakhulu, akukhona okuyinkimbinkimbi ukususwa kwikhreyithi eqediwe yomqhele, bese kuba nezinkinga lapho kuhlangana khona. Indlela yokulwa nabo, ngokusho kochwepheshe, eyodwa: oqonge indlu ye-log, kufanele ayiqoqe esizeni somnikazi (owadala inkinga, kufanele anqume).
Amatshe awo angaphansi kwamanzi nasendleleni yokwenza isikwenzi nge-crane. Lawa angamahlathi adingekayo ukuze ababazi basebenze ekuphakameni. Izindleko zabo, noma ngabe ngokwengxenye, nakanjani zizongezwa ngentengo yesonto. Ngamanye amagama, khokhela.
Ukucabanga kwezinkinga zekhwalithi kwinkontileka ephetha
Izidingo kuphela ezihlinzekelwe yizo eziphakeme kangangokuba kukhona amafemu athile akwazi ukuwakhipha. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi zonke izinkampani zokwakha zisebenza ngaphandle kokubona imigomo nemithetho. Ngamunye wabo uphoqelekile ukuba nombhalo wangaphakathi 'njengezimo zobuchwepheshe "(Tu), nakwinkontileka nawe, lo mbhalo kufanele ube nesethenjwa. Igunyazwe ngaphambi kokusayina isivumelwano, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela okuqukethwe lokho, ngoba kufanele uthathe indlu ye-log ngesisekelo sezidingo ezibekwe kuzo. Izinkomba zeJicky ezi-Gosts kanye ne-Sniva uma kwenzeka ukungavumelani ngeke kusize, kuphela amazinga achazwe kwinkontileka angaphansi kokulandela. Ngakho-ke, uma okuthile kungakufaneli okuthile, ungadinga ukubuyekezwa kwabo noma ukwethulwa kwenkontileka yezimo ezingeziwe. Isibonelo, unelungelo lokufaka imfuneko kulo ukuze izinga lezinkuni lifanelwe hhayi lelo, kepha ama-gtostas ashiwo ngenhla noma kancane. Kepha ... ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukulungiswa ngeqiniso lokuthi umdlali uzokwethula ukukhetha okuqinile kokhuni, ngakho-ke, izindleko zokugcina zokusika zizokwanda, futhi zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngabe kukufanele, njengoba besho, kukhethwe izimvu - ukukuxazulula.
Vyacheslav Kukelev, Director of the Company "Monolith",
USergey Zelensky, Umqondisi Wenkampani "Ubuchwepheshe Ozimele Wekhwalithi Yokwakha"
Ukwakha nini futhi kanjani i-porch kanye / noma i-veranda?
Kuyacaca ukuthi umpheme omuhle kanye / noma i-veranda, eyenziwe ngesitayela esifanayo nendlu, yenza lonke isakhiwo sikhange ngokwengeziwe. Kepha ngeshwa, abaklami abakajwayele ukuklama lezi zinhlaka, ezinjengama-balconies, zibabeka ezindabeni ze-log ephakeme. Yebo, kucacile impela: "Ukubopha" kweVeranda noma umpheme ku-facade yendlu esele eyakhiwe yinkinga yokuqamba amanga.
Izihloko ze-AMEZHDU Umkhuba Wezokwakha Wezinkuni uphakamisa: Umpheme kanye ne-veranda kungcono ukuklama ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze uhlaka lwazo lwenze inani elilodwa nokwakhiwa kwezindonga nokugqagqana kwendlu yelogi. Igunyaziwe, kufanelekile ukuthi uhlaka olunjalo lwenziwe ngezindonga ezifanayo nezindonga - kusuka ku-log. Uhlelo olunjalo lubandakanya ukugcotshwa okuvundlile okuvundlile kothile, imiqhele emibili, emibili noma ngaphezulu, ethwala umjikelezo esigabeni sesiphambano se-rack. Lawa ma-rack on top ahlelwe ngentambo ephezulu emqheleni owodwa noma ngaphezulu, okusebenza ngasikhathi sinye njengokusekelwa kophahla. Uthango olungezansi (iphakethe) lungaqina noma lwenziwe nge-balasine eqoshiwe noma enembile.
Umangele? Ukubambiswa udonga! Isikimu esibhekwayo akusona isithelo sokungalinganisi okumangazayo komakhi wanamuhla. Kuchazwa namanje emisebenzini ye-Academian of the Russian Academy of a. v. polyovnikov, enegama lololokwakha lwasendulo lwaseRussia luxhunywe ngokungafanele, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamasiko akhe.
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46-47. Indlu yanamuhla eqoshiwe ivame ukuklanywa ngama-balconies. Kubo, abaklami bahlinzeka ngezinkinga ze-ProPongated log eziphenduka imishayo ye-carrier cantilever. I-balcony itholakala ngokuqinile "iboshwe" esakhiweni sokusika (46). I-Avot eyakhiwe ngale ndlela i-Veranda isalokhu ingavamile (47).
48. Ukubhalwa kwesimende se-log kuzoba yinto engaphakathi.
I-49.Ukuhlelwa, "okunamathiselwe" ekukhishweni okuningana kwelogi yelogi, ngeke "kukhiphe" kuye noma ngabe kuncike kumakholomu angahlobene nesisekelo sendlu.
Yimuphi umklamo wokugqagqana okufanele ukhethe?
I-Overlaps ehlanganisiwe ngendlu eqoshiwe imvamisa yenziwa ngemishayo yokhuni, ibafaka emithonjeni enqunywe ezindongeni. Isigaba se-Beam sinqunywa, ngokusekelwe ububanzi be-span egcwele, ibanga phakathi kwemishayo (nakho, kuhlotshaniswa nobukhulu bamabhodi aphansi), indawo yaphansi kanye nomthwalo obaliwe ku-1m2.
Ububanzi obufanele bokugcwala okugcwele ngaphezulu kwe-Wooden Booden Overlaps ngu-3-4m. Ngama-spans abanzi, ukunyuka kwesigaba se-beams (kusetshenziswa izingodo esikhundleni salokho, ezifakwe ngezinyathelo eyodwa noma ezimbalwa ezilahliwe komunye nomunye. Lo mklamo ubizwa ngokuthi i-cross-beam. Lapho uphahla kophahla lwezinhlelo ezifanayo, umugqa ophansi wezingodo (futhi kwesinye isikhathi ezimbili) usabonakala entweni yangaphakathi, kufanele kukhunjulwe, kuxoxisane ngokuhlelwa kabusha kwendlu kanye nokwakhiwa kwalesomi. Ukwenza ngcono ukubukeka kokwakheka, kwasetshenziswa le ndlela: Ukubekwa kwakwenziwa ukuze kufakwe imishayo yesibili phakathi kokuphambili, uphahla olusuka ophahleni oluseceleni lushintsha njalo amajamo wejometri. Ukubulawa kwalokhu kugcwala okunjalo kuzoholela kumanani aphezulu aphezulu asikiwe, kepha ngemuva kwalokho adalwe ngesisekelo sawo ophahleni azoba, abizwa ngokuthi ukugqama kwengaphakathi.
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50-53. Kunezinhlelo ezimbili eziphambili zokwakha nezinhlelo zokuklama zokwakhiwa kwesitezi sesibili. I-Carcass yokuqala (50), sibonga ngakho, icipha i-facade yesimanje engasindi (51). Isampula yesibili (Wedred): Izingodo ziqoqwa kusuka kumalogi afanayo njengezindonga (52), kanye nokuxhuma ngeziphetho ezinamandla (53).
I-Frononones: Kuphephile noma ku-Oriry?
Izindleko zanamuhla zezwe zanamuhla ngaphandle kwe-Attic - zithuthukisa ukubukeka kwesakhiwo, zimnika ukuphelela. Ama-Froones kanye nezindonga ze-athoti floor zingakhiwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuqoqa kusuka ezingomeni ezifanayo njengezindonga zesitezi sokuqala (okuthiwa yi-Samptic Frontnes), noma ukuklama i-Samptic Frontnes), noma ukuklama i-Fork Design.
Idizayini yeSamtant ivame ukubiza kakhulu nge-10-30%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena, ake sithi, izithikatha ngokwengeziwe ziziphatha ngokuqothuka ekhaya futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zidinga ubuhlobo obucothayo, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokuqala sokusebenza. Izindonga zangaphakathi kanye nezindonga zangaphakathi eziseduze nazo lapha ziphakeme kakhulu kunangaphandle, futhi ziphezulu odongeni, zikhudlwana zikhudlwana zalo zizonke. Uma usebenzisa ama-Sleeve Rafters (okungukuthi, ukwakheka okunjalo kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, angafuni ukubona ukuqina okunamandla ngaphakathi), okususelwa esiphelweni esisodwa ezindongeni zamalogi, kanye nebha yesibili, futhi zibophe ngokuqinile nge Izindonga nezikebhe, indawo ye-attic ingaqala ukuhlukana.
Imithetho yeJiyomethri izosebenza: Lapho ukuphela kokuphela kwe-rafter "umlenze" kucwila kanye ne-skate ukuphumula emaphethelweni, okwesibili kufakwa phambili kubheke emgwaqweni (ubude be-rafter ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwe-shrinkage akushintshi) bese udonsa i Ngena eliphezulu ungene ngemvume. Ngasikhathi sinye, imishayo yokuqothula, "iboshwe ngokuqinile" ezindongeni zangaphakathi, ingaqala ukuphuma ezidlekeni zayo ezindongeni zangaphandle, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukugqama kumane nje kuwa. Amanye ama-Finals kungenzeka: Imishayo ye-rafter izohlukana nodonga noma ibha ye-skate, nophahla luzoqala ukwephula. Ukuthi lokhu akwenzeki, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezishukumisayo zombili lapho uxhuma ama-rafters nomunye ngaphezulu kwesiketi nasezindaweni zokusekelwa kwazo ezindongeni. Futhi okufanayo, landela inqubo yeShrikage yendlu iyonke.
Ukwakhiwa kohlaka kusuka kuzilongo ezifanayo ngeke kunciphise izindleko zokwakha, kepha futhi kudalule ngokuphelele ezinkingeni ezibalwe ngenhla, ngoba akwenziwanga ngokuqothuka.
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I-54-56. Lapho indlu ye-log iqoqwana ngokuphelele, imiqhele ibhaliwe, bese kuba abazi baqala ukungafani. Ikhiqizwa ngesandla (54), ngasikhathi sinye iBrazing, ixhuma imiqhele ezitsheni, ukukhuphuka (55) - izinsalela zabo zizoqokwa lapho indlu yabo ihlangana khona endaweni yomnikazi. Izingodo zibekwe esitaki bese zilungiselela ukuthunyelwa (56).
Ungayithatha nini futhi kanjani indlu?
Ezimweni eziningi, umnikazi wangempela ubona kuqala indlu ye-log esizeni. Kuliqiniso, ahlakazekile. Kepha lapha, ngeshwa, kungenzeka ukuthi ubheke kude nazo zonke izidingo zalabo esibaphakamisile bafaka isandla kwinkontileka lapho ixazululiwe. Kungenzeka ukubheka ukuthi amagxolo asuswa kanjani kunokuba ama-grooves amade nezitsha ezenziwe ngayo, noma ngabe kukhona isinxephezelo, akukho mnyama ezingomeni. Ski-ukulinganisa umswakama wezinkuni. Futhi konke. Ukuphumula ungabona kuphela ngemuva kokuthi indlu ye-log iqoqwe.I-Acto yenza, uma okuthile kungakufaneli emlilweni ophelile? Ngokweqiniso, ngalesi sigaba kuzokwazi ukulungisa konke. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe beluleka: Ungazisoli ngesikhathi nangendlela bese uhambisa ekwamukelweni kokusikiwe lapho, lapho kwawela khona (ngokwethembeka ukumema uchwepheshe). Lapho uzobona indlu eqediwe ye-log kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo futhi uzokwazi ukubheka noma yimaphi amapharamitha awo.
Ukubalwa okukhulisiwe kwenani le- * Log Cabin ngendlu eyodwa enezitezi ezinendawo ephelele ye-140m2
| Izinto zokwakha nomsebenzi | Ubuningi | intengo, rub. | Izindleko, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuzalela Pine | I-200m3 | 2000 ama-ruble / m3 | 400,000 |
| Ukususwa kokuqothuka | I-200M2. | I-300rub. / M2 | 60 000 |
| Iyacubungula izingodo Rubank | I-200M2. | I-450rub. / M2 | 90,000 |
| Ekhiqiza ukugawulwa kwemithi (ama-grooves asikiwe, izitsha ezixhumanisa phansi phansi) | 500m2 | I-1000rub. / M2 | 500,000 |
| Ukusebenza kwemoto | 30 Shift | 4000rub. ukuze uhambe | I-120,000 |
| -Nke | 1 170,000 | ||
| Ukuhlukanisa i-log nokuhamba esizeni sekhasimende | I-150m33 | 25 000 rub. Yemoto (izimoto ezi-5) | I-125,000 |
| Ukulayisha Nomhlangano | I-150m33 | 3000rub. / M3 | I-450,000 |
| -Khoshwa | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 50 000 |
| Izinkuni | I-5M3 | I-6000rub. / M3 | 30,000 |
| Ukugoqa imishayo | I-6m3 | 7000Rub. / M3 | I-42,000 |
| Umsebenzi weloli | Shift | 8000 rub. ukuze uhambe | I-120,000 |
| -Nke | I-817,000 | ||
| * Ukubalwa kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubalwa kwe-overhead, kanye nezinzuzo zenzuzo. |
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani ethi "VladimirTresiz", "Monolith", "Ukwakhiwa KwaseNyakatho", "Ukuhlolwa Okuzimele Kwekhwalithi Yokwakhiwa" ukuze uthole usizo lapho kulungiswa khona izinto ezibonakalayo.