Ukutshalwa kwemali okuvumayo nokuphephile: izincomo lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwediphozi, idiphozi ehlukahlukene, izinketho ze- "Precious"
Ngamunye wethu, njengomthetho, ukuthumela imali- ngokuthenga okukhulu, izipho kubathandi nabathandekayo kanye nabangane abangalindelekile. Uthole usuku oluhle olibhalile ukuthi ibhange le-Piggy Piggy elichichima futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi ucabange ngokukhethwa kwebhange lapho imali yakho iyophephe khona ngokuphelele. I-OT, ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani ibhange elizovula umnikelo wakho engcebweni, sizokhuluma namhlanje.
Ikakhulu ku-IXV. Ukubamba imali ekhaya akuzange kusebenze. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuseYurophu kwabangaphambi kokuguqula amabhange anamuhla, kwavela amanani okuqala amanani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabhange awazange afunde kuphela ukugcina amagugu nezimpawu zezimali, kodwa futhi azifundisa 'ukuhola', ukutshala imali ehambelana neBhange.
Uyini umnikelo?
I-Banking inomthelela ekuxazululeni imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukonga imali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze ibandise. Kungakho, ngaphambi kokuxhumana nebhange, nquma ukuthi iyiphi imali ediphozithi - i-warehouse (isitoreji) noma umcebo (ukwandisa imali) - unesithakazelo okwamanje. Ukuze ugcine imali nje, isidingo kufanelekile (idiphozi), nakulabo abafuna ukwanda kwenani lokutshalwa kwezimali ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo emkhakheni wediphozithi yethemu.
Uma uthatha isinqumo, yiphi inhloso uzothola, ungaqala ukukhetha kwayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sizodinga izici eziyinhloko zama-deposits azokuvumela ukuthi uqhathanise okunikezwayo kwebhange:
Ithemu (uma unentshisekelo ngegalelo eliphuthumayo): Okwamanje, amabhange anikezela ngamadiphozithi ngo-3, 6, 9, 12, izinyanga ezingama-24. Imvamisa, amabhange anciphisa isikhathi sediphozi, ekhuluma ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile (ngokwesibonelo, umnikelo wangaphambi kokuphila oneminyaka edlule);
Imali yediphozithi: Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umnikelo ungavulwa kunoma iyiphi imali, kepha ekusebenzeni iningi lamabhange anikela ngamakhasimende anikela ngama-ruble, amadola noma ama-euro. Amabhange akhishwe ahlinzekwa ngamathuba okuthiwa abizwa ngokuthi ama-multicurrency deposits - ungenza amadiphozithi kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ezishiwoyo, futhi kwinkontileka, ukuhlanganisa ukudluliswa kwemali kwi-akhawunti;
Inzuzo, noma inani lenzalo kwidiphozithi: Lokhu kungusayizi wemholo athola umholo. Ngokusho kwemithetho ejwayelekile, inani lenzalo libalwa egameni elisezinyangeni eziyi-12 (ngakho-ke, ezimweni zomnikelo, uzofunda ukuthi inzuzo yaso izoba ngamaphesenti amaningi kangaka ngonyaka);
Indlela Yokukhokha: Inzalo kwidiphozithi ingakhokhiswa ekugcineni kwesikhathi sediphozi noma nge-periodietive ethile kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sediphozi. Esimweni sesibili, ukufakwa kwemali ngamaphesenti kungenzeka (ukwengeza inani eliyinhloko lomnikelo), kanye nentshisekelo esikhathini esilandelayo kuzokhokhiswa sekuvele kunani elikhulu. Enye inketho kungenzeka: Inzalo ingahunyushelwa kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhange (lapho, khona, ukungena ekhadini lasebhange noma eligcinwe ngemibandela yediphozithi) noma isimangalo sokufuna;
Amathuba okuba ukususwa kwemali okuqala okukhethekile: Imvamisa, izimo zokuthunyelwe kusenesikhathi zizofaka ukulahleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-Depositor: noma amaphesenti amaphesenti okulanda akhishwa, noma inhlawulo ihlinzekelwe ukususwa kwezimali ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, amanye amabhange ukuheha amakhasimende anikela ngezimo ezinhle kakhulu. Vele, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola amaphesenti ediphozithi athathwe ngokuphelele, ngeke uphumelele, kepha inani lingakhonjiswa kwinkontileka ehlukahlukene ngokuya ngesikhathi lapho imali eyayisebhange;
Ukusebenza okungenziwa nomnikelo: Amanye amabhange ahlinzeka ngethuba lokusebenzisa ngokukhululeka ingxenye yezimali ezibekwe kwidiphozithi, inqobo nje uma imali esele yemali kwi-akhawunti yediphozi idlula kwinkontileka. Kulokhu, inzalo ikhokhiswa nsuku zonke, okukuvumela ukuthi usheshe uphendule ushintsho kwinani lediphozi. Uma wephula imigomo yenkontileka yomnikelo, yehlisa imali esele, ibhange lizophinda libe nentshisekelo ngenani elincishisiwe (kaningi, ngesicelo sediphozidi).
Isikimu somsebenzi wediphozithi
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi umbuso uvikela amadiphozithi wesimanje ngaphandle kokuvumela amandla okuphula izintshisekelo ze-depositor. Enye yezinyathelo zokuqala kule ndlela kwakuwuhlelo lomshuwalense wediphozithi. Ngokuvamile, umnyombo wayo umi ngalendlela elandelayo: Ibhange, ukuthola ilayisense, lingena ohlelweni lomshuwalense wombuzo oluhlangene lwama-deposits. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iBhangengodla ngalinye lakha isikhwama sokubhuka, imali ezokwakhe inxephezela abantu ngabodwana kulabo abamele iminikelo yabo kulo mcimbi ukuthi ibhange liyabhalwa. Ubukhulu bengxenye yomshuwalense lomnikelo bukhula kancane kancane. Namuhla, uma ibhange liya, umtshalizimali oqinisekiswe ukuthola ingxenye yenani lediphozithi - kuze kube ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400, futhi abuyisele abanye kuzofanela babe ngokwabo. Kungakho abahlaziyi abaningi basebhange, beluleka ukuthi babelane ngegalelo elikhulu ku-incane emincane emabhange ahlukene, baphishekele ukuhlelwa kwezimali ezihle kakhulu ekulahlekelweni kwemali kanye nezindleko zamandla asongeni lezinkinga zezezimali ebhange elihlukile.
Sifuna umnikelo
Kunemithetho eminingana elula ezokusiza ekutholeni uhlobo lwediphozithi. Okokuqala, ungakhethi imali "exotic". Ngokungangabazeki, iphawundi lesiNgisi libiza kakhulu kune-dollar, futhi ukuqina kuyamangaza. Kepha kaningi uzodinga ngemuva kwalokho uhumushe imali yakho "" ngemali yendabuko, amadola noma ama-euro. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungalahlekelwa amanani abalulekile ekushintshanisweni. Ngokusho kochwepheshe basebhange, ukuthola umnikelo kunoma iyiphi enye imali ngaphandle kwama-ruble, amadola noma i-euro kuphela uma uqonda kahle izitayela zokushintshana ngokuthengisa noma usebenzise izindleko ezizayo njenge-Piggy Bank, futhi kufanelekile ukuthi izindleko ezizayo Kudingeka imali (ngokwesibonelo ukuthi uqongelela imali ukufundisa ingane kwelinye lamanyuvesi aphesheya ngomnikelo.Okwesibili, ngoba kungahle kudingekile ukushintsha ubudlelwano phakathi kwemali yediphozimu ye-multicurrency noma vala ngisho nomnikelo futhi uguqule ngokuphelele imali, cabanga ngokuthi uyawudinga yini lo mnikelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi ucacisa ukuthi ungalawula yini ukude kangakanani umnikelo wokude (ngokwesibonelo, ngohlelo lwe-Intanethi lokulondolozwa okukude). Ku-aphikise eyodwa, ungavula iminikelo eminingana ngezimali ezahlukahlukene. Lapho uvula idiphozithi ye-multicurrenyncy, nakanjani uthole ukuthi inkambo iguqulwa kanjani ibe ngengxenye yengxenye yale diphozithi nokuthi ibhange lithatha ikhomishini yalokhu kusebenza. Khumbula: Amanye amabhange njengenye yemibandela yokuvula umnikelo we-multicurrency anikezwa esikhundleni sokufakwa esikhundleni se-akhawunti yediphozithi lapho uguqula imali yediphozi kusuka kwemali eyodwa.
Okwesithathu, ukunakwa kwakho kufanele kudonsele inani lenzalo kwidiphozithi. Uma ephakeme kakhulu, kungakhombisa ukuthi ibhange lizama ukulungisa isimo salo sezezimali, liheha imali yamakhasimende esikhundleni. Umphumela ungahle uthuthukise isimo lapho ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kokuthola.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe lokho ngokuhambisana ne-Civil Code of the Russian Federation, iBhangengodla linelungelo lokushintsha inani lesilinganiso senzalo kumadiphozithi afunwayo, kufaka phakathi ukuncipha (uma kwenzeka ushintsho kunani lediphozi, Ibhange kufanele likwazise abakhukhile, futhi ngokubhala). I-AVT Inani lamaphesenti ebhange lomnikelo ophuthumayo alinalungelo lokunciphisa unilaterally. Funda ngokucophelela isivumelwano sediphozithi: Uma ibhange lithatha ukuthi izinga lingancishiswa noma lenyuswe, inkomba yalokhu ifakiwe embhalweni wenkontileka.
Okwesine, nquma ukuthi uzokuphinda umnikelo wakho. Uma ubalulekile kuwe ukuthi ungeze njalo imali, ukukhetha kwakho kuyimnikelo elinabantu abaningi. Amabhange amaningi asungula inani eliphansi lokuphindaphinda (imvamisa ama-ruble ayinkulungwane enikela nge-ruble). Ukwenza lula impilo ye-Depositor, amabhange amaningi anikela ngokusebenzisa i-ATM nge "Cash-in" (Recepption Recepption). Ngakho-ke, ebuza abasebenzi basebhange mayelana nemibandela yediphozithi, ungakhohlwa ukufunda nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuphinda umnikelo nge-ATM.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi isilinganiso samadiphozithi esiphindaphindwayo sizoba ngaphansi kwalabo abangahlinzeki ngethuba lokuphindaphinda. Amabhange ajwayele ukusetha ibhidi elihlukile lamanani weminikelo eyengeziwe ehlukahluka kuye ngasikhathi ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sediphozi senziwa umnikelo owengeziwe. Into ethe xaxa ukuthi udinga ukwazi ngomnikelo wokuphindaphinda: Emabhange amaningi, ngegalelo eligcwalisiwe, imali eyengeziwe iyeka ukufakwa emgabeni kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi seminikelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-akhawunti yediphozi izohlukaniswa ngokusemthethweni izingxenye ezimbili zokuphindaphinda kuzohlala ku-akhawunti, kepha ngeke zithathwe ngenani lediphozi. Uma wandisa umnikelo, kuzofanela unikeze ibhange ekudluliselweni kwaleli nani kwi-akhawunti yediphozithi.
Umnikelo njengendawo yokugcina impahla
Ungafuna ukusebenzisa umnikelo njengebhange le-Piggy, elivikelwe ku-whims yakho engalindelekanga (ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuze uthenge esinye isibuyekezo, uzodinga ukuya ebhange; , akunakwenzeka ukuthi ume, kepha ukungabaza kuyokwenzeka ukunquma ngezifiso zakho) nasezinsongo zangaphandle kwidiphozi yakho ngeke zikwazi ukufika emgabeni wakho. Ukugcina imali, isidingo kufanelekile ukuthola imali, noma idiphozithi (empeleni imigomo ethi "Idiphozithi" kanye "neqiniso, idiphozithi ivezwa nje yi-" Warehouse "yediphozi). Uma uvula idiphozithi, iBhangengodla likunikeza ngezinsizakalo zokugcina imali.
Sizokwenza uhambo oluncane emlandweni: ekuqaleni kokuba khona kweSoviet State, amabhange anikeza izinketho zediphozi ezijabulisa kakhulu. Okokuqala, iklayenti lanikezwa ibhange le-piggy, livaliwe kukhiye, elidluliselwe esisebenzini sesikhungo sezikweletu. Ithemu elibukwayo leklayenti lize ebhange, likhokhe izinsizakalo zokuqasha zokuqasha ibhange le-piggy futhi zigcine ukhiye futhi zivule ibhange le-piggy. Inketho yesibili yediphozithi yayiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Iklayenti lithole ishidi elinelebula elikhethekile, okufanele lihambisane nemikhiqizo ekhethekile (okungu-1 kopecks). Lapho imikhiqizo ihanjelwa yi-1rub. Iklayenti liye ebhange, lapho, lidlula ishidi ngemikhiqizo, lithole i-1rub. Idiphozithi kanye nama-2 kopecks. amaphesenti.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi isivuno samadiphozithi - i-piggyback iphansi kakhulu, cishe ngo-1-2% ngonyaka. Indlela, iminikelo enjalo iyinhlangano ethembeke kakhulu futhi edume kakhulu ekakheni ngalinye lezwe lethu. Imvamisa, le minikelo yadonswa ngohlobo lwezincwadi zokonga (imithetho yokusakazwa kanye nabo abafundi bethu abaningi bazi kahle). Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi ezithokozisayo zediphozi evumela ukuthi abadali abafuna kakhulu banelise izidingo zabo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwediphozi yokonga, kukhona:
Idiphozithi yokuqongelela, okuvame kakhulu "okuthi" kusebenza "ngohlelo lwesikweletu: Kulokhu, iBhange likunikeza ngediphozithi yokuqongelela inani lemali yokuqala yemalimboleko enkulu (ngokwesibonelo) ;
Idiphozithi yokukhokha, ngokwemvelo efana ne-akhawunti yamanje, ikuvumela ukuthi udubule futhi ubeke imali. Into esemqoka ukulandela isimo esilandelayo senkontileka: kwi-akhawunti yediphozithi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ibhalansi engajwayelekile. Inzalo kumadiphozithi anjalo ivame ukunqotshwa i-akhawunti ehlukile;
Idiphozithi ekhethekile iyazijwayela kusukela abafundi bethu abathola inkokhelo engekho ehhovisi emsebenzini, kodwa ekhadini lamaholo lasebhange noma ebhange nge-akhawunti yeholo. Kulokhu, umnikelo womqashi uphinda waphindaphinda njalo ngenyanga, futhi amaphesenti ajwayelekile amadiphozithi afakiwe akhokhiswa. Imvamisa, iminikelo enjalo ihambisana nekhadi lasebhange noma incwadi yokonga okusiza ukufinyelela kwemali.
Umnikelo Oyigugu
Inganekwane yaphakade, ngokusho kwayo igolide kanye namatshe angesoze aphuma enkundleni, kwandulela ukuthandwa okukhulayo okukhulayo kokutshalwa kwemali okuyigugu kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Ngempela, amanani entengo yegolide, isiliva, iplatinamu, i-palladium (okungukuthi, lezi zinsimbi zinikezwa ukuthenga amabhange aseRussia) akhula. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi imali yokutshala imali ezinsimbi eziyigugu ingazuzisa.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthenga "eziyigugu" zokutshalwa kwezimali. Ungathenga ubucwebe kusuka ezinsimbi eziyigugu, thenga izinhlamvu zemali ezihlanganisiwe noma zokutshalwa kwezimali, uthole i-ingot yegolide noma ukuthola umnikelo ongeyena umuntu "ebhange. Masinyane yenza ukubhuka okuthengwayo kobucwebecwebe kanye nezinhlamvu zemali eziqoqiwe endaweni yomthwalo wemfanelo wamabhange akufakiwe. Iqiniso ngukuthi intengo yezinhlamvu zemali zobucwebezelo nezinhlamvu zemali eziqoqiwe (zibizwa nangokuthi izinhlamvu zemali ezisezingeni eliphakeme (ubufakazi "
Izinhlamvu zemali zokutshalwa kwezimali, ngokungafani "nodadewabo" - izinhlamvu zemali ezihlanganisiwe, umusa okhethekile wokuqeda awukwazi ukuziqhayisa. Kodwa-ke, zenziwa nge-metallol eyigugu yesampula ephezulu, evumela izinhlamvu zemali zokutshalwa kwemali ukuze zisebenze njengendlela enhle yokutshala imali. Ungathenga imali enjalo ebhange. Unelungelo lokubanika, ithokheni, gcina ekhaya (kulokhu kunamacala akhethekile epulasitiki), futhi uma kunesidingo, ukuze usebenze ebhange ngesilinganiso ngalolo suku lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuthengisa uhlamvu lwemali.
Inketho elandelayo ithenge i-Ingot yokulinganisa. Namuhla, amabhange anikela ngama-ingots anesisindo esivela ku-15g to1kg. Kodwa-ke, labo abazokwenza ukutholwa okunjalo kumele balungiselele izindleko ezengeziwe. Okokuqala, kuzofanela ukhokhele ukukhiqizwa kwe-Ingot, okwesibili, inkokhelo yenani lentengo ngesilinganiso se-18% (ukusebenza kokuthengwa kwe-dimensional ingots kuncike ku-VAT ngesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu, ngenkathi lo mthetho ungasebenzi kulabo abathola izinhlamvu zemali zokutshalwa kwezimali). Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi awukwazi ukugcina i-INGOT yendlu. I-ATEA ikhulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izindleko, ngoba kuzodingeka ukuthi uqashe iseli ephephile ebhange. I-ALSA One nuance, mayelana nalabo abafuna ukuthenga i-INGOT kufanele bakhunjulwe: Kudingeka ukuyigcina ngobunono, ngoba yonke imiyalo (isibonelo, ukuklwebheka, kusukela ekuvezeni kwawo okugciniwe) kunciphisa Izindleko ze-Jewel yakho, eguqula imali yokutshala imali enenzuzo yemali emugqeni we-metal scrap, yize ibiza kakhulu.
Ukutshalwa kwemali ngezinsimbi eziyigugu kuyazuzisa. Kodwa-ke, kukhona itshe lakho elingaphansi kwamanzi: Ukutshala imali okunjalo kumele kwenziwe isikhathi eside, uma kungenjalo ulahlekelwa yikho konke ukuheha. Ukushintshashintsha kwegolide esikhathini esifushane sesikhathi esifushane kungakuguqula ube ngumsizi ocebile kahle, kanye nencithakalo. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali ezinsimbi eziyigugu kumane nje uma usukulungele ukuchitha inani elikhulu bese ulinda iminyaka engu-3-5.
Ochwepheshe basebhange banganikeza enye, indlela ephelele futhi ephelele futhi yanamuhla yokutshala imali eDranmomethalla, vula umnikelo ongeyena umuntu ezinsimbi eziyigugu. Lokhu ngeke kudinge i-Ingot yesigaba esedlule oyithengayo izoba khona kuphela endaweni ebonakalayo, okungukuthi, izindleko zokwenziwa kwazo akulindelekile. I-VAT iyakhokha ukuthi ingakhokheli. Kepha konke okujabulisayo kwe-Ingrathum uzozwa: inzalo kumnikelo wakho, anikezwe ama-ruble, ama-dollar noma ama-euro, nawo azothathwa ngamagremu, azokulethela inzuzo ephindwe kabili - ekukhuleni kwe intengo ye-Ingot kanye ne-captage of amaphesenti ama-grams.
Ungaba kanjani umnikeli?
Isitatimende ofuna ukuthola umnikelo singagcwala ebhange. Ukusebenza lapho kuvulwa umnikelo kungenye yezinto ezilula kakhulu kubathengi kanye nevolumu yokukhohlisa, kanye nenombolo yemibhalo edingekayo yokulethwa ebhange. Ukwenza umnikelo, kuningi lamacala amaningi, kwanele ukuba nedokhumenti eqinisekisa umuntu nawe, kanye nenani lemali ohlose ukuyibeka kwisitoreji. Kuliqiniso, kwezinye izikhathi, amabhange angacela amadokhumenti angeziwe. Kungcono ukucacisa lokhu kusengaphambili ngokungena kwisiza sebhange olikhethile noma ukhulume nabeluleki basebhange lasebhange.
Lapho-ke abasebenza ebhange bazovula i-akhawunti yediphozithi imali yakho ezogcinwa kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele uphetha isivumelwano sediphozi lasebhange, uhlobo lwazo ongaluthola kuwebhusayithi yasebhange. Sincoma ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela umbhalo wesivumelwano. Ngokucophelela uhlole ngokucophelela imibandela yokuthathwa kwemali kwangaphambi komnikelo.
Yini enye okudingeka uyazi i-depositor ngayinye? I-akhawunti yediphozithi ingalahlwa mathupha noma ngommeleli wayo, isebenza ngesisekelo soMthetho noma ngommeleli, ongakhishwa e-Altary. Kunethuba elihlukile, ukwenza into mayelana ne-Depositor, yamanje nguProxy, embhalweni wenkontileka (imvamisa kakhulu imibandela yomnikelo ivunyelwe).
Uma ufuna ukuvula umnikelo "wezingane" wokuqongelela, udinga ukwethula amadokhumenti wokufakazela ingane yakho: ipasipoti yakho, lapho kwenziwa khona imininingwane ngendodana (indodakazi), noma isitifiketi sokuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phawula ukuthi ingane ngokwakhe ifinyelele eminyakeni eyi-14 futhi yathola ipasipoti ithola idiphozithi yokuzimela. Kuyiqiniso, amabhange, njengomthetho, asungula eminye imikhawulo ekusebenziseni umnikelo onjalo. Isibonelo, isivumelwano singakhawulela inani lokususwa kwemali ngesikhathi esisodwa esivela "ezinganeni" ngengane ngokwalo, noma ekusebenzeni ngakunye emhlanganweni wengane yakho, udinga amandla ommeli okuvela kuwe.
Nginento eyodwa: Unelungelo lokwenza umnikelo wakho ebhange. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokujwayelekile (ekhuluma ngokunikela ngombhalo wentando) noma ushiye i-oda lokuhlobisa ebhange, elinamandla okuthola iTestamente LaseTarised.
Ngakho-ke kungumphumela? Iminikelo ivumela ukuthi sihlele ukunqwabelana kanye nokugcinwa kwezimali, kungaba yisipho esihle kakhulu ngamacala athembekile noma nje ukukhonza indlela lapho imali ekhululekile okwesikhashana. Izinga eliphakeme kuma-ruble deposits ezinyangeni eziyi-12 futhi ngaphezulu liyi-11-12% ngonyaka, amadiphozithi emalini yakwamanye amazwe - 7-9%. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-ruble iyazinza, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthola ama-deposits kuma-ruble. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kumtshali zimali ongaba khona ukunquma ngokuqokwa komnikelo wesikhathi esizayo, ukuhlola amakhono ayo wezezimali isikhathi esifushane (futhi mhlawumbe ohlangothini oluphakathi noma olulodwa Umugqa wama-deposits anikezwa amabhange aseRussia, kanye neminyango yamabhange akwamanye amazwe ezweni lethu, kuzosiza umcebo ngamunye ukuba avule umcebo ogcwele (futhi mhlawumbe oyigugu).