Inqubo yokubala imali ekhokhwa ngamanzi emadolobheni, iqhathanisa nezinhlelo zokukhokha zamanzi adliwayo. Ukufakwa kwamadivayisi we-accounting ngamunye
Izinkokhelo ezisanda kusetshenziswa zamanzi zabantu baseRussia zazinjalo (zabalwa, ngokuya ngezinga lansuku zonke ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye). Ngasikhathi sinye, akunandaba ukuthi abaqashi babebanjelwe isikhathi esithile ohambweni lwebhizinisi futhi bengasebenzisi amanzi sonke le nkathi, noma, kunalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokusebenzisa amanzi sekufikile kubo amasonto amabili. Kususelwa kumadivayisi we-accounting ngamunye isimo siguqulwe ngokuphelele. Yebo, kunenzuzo noma cha ukufaka amamitha, sizokhuluma kule ndatshana.
Ngeke siqagele, kepha, makube njalo, ukufakwa kwekhawuntalo yomuntu ngamunye kwakungu-2000. Isinyathelo esiyingozi esihle. Vele, ngenxa yemitha yokugeleza komuntu siqu, imali eyongiwe ngumndeni ojwayelekile yayingama-ruble angama-150-200. Instaz (cishe), kepha izindleko zokuqala zazikhungatheke. Izindleko ze-akhawunti ngokwalo zingu-700-1500Rub., Izindleko zokufakwa kwalo - Rub 1500. Kudingeka okungenani amamitha amabili (ngamanzi ashisayo nawokubandayo ahlukile), izindleko zanda kabili. Ukuze amakamelo ahlukanise ama-ekhishini ahlukile ekhishini nasendlini yokugezela, kwadingeka izinsimbi ezine. Ngokusobala iminyaka emi-3-4, ama-contors kwakufanele avuselele. Mhlawumbe, othile ovela kwabathengi wenzeka, kepha njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuba khona komnotho kokufakwa kwabo akuphenya, ayikho idatha eqondile.
Kodwa-ke, ngeke sihlale kudala esikhathini esedlule futhi sizame ukuphendula umbuzo: "Ingabe kunenzuzo namuhla ukusungula amadivayisi wokusebenzisa amamitha ngamanye?"
Photo Z.Razutdinova | 
"Teplovoder" | 
Photonorev | 
Photonorev |
1-2. Ukushayela kwanamuhla endHD / VSGD ("Teplovoder") kanye namamodeli afana nabo bavame ukufakwa namuhla emafulethini. Afihlekile eNiche, awabekisenga ingaphakathi lendlu yokugezela
3-4. Ngokufakwa kwezinombolo eziningi zamamitha, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufaka amapayipi avundlile noma abheke mpo.
Izikimu Zokukhokha
Yini eguqukile esikhathini esedlule? Okokuqala, ushintsho olubuyiselwe emuva ngo-1994. Futhi "Imithetho ethe xaxa yokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakusebenza kwizakhamizi" yaphuma nayo ingasebenzi (bheka ukubeka uhulumeni we-Russian Federation kaMeyi 23, 2006 No. 307 "kwinqubo yokunikeza izakhamizi"). Lo mbhalo uqale unqume inqubo yokukhokha izindlu nokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zomphakathi usebenzisa ubufakazi bamadivayisi ajwayelekile nawomuntu ngamunye kanye nokungabikho. Izinhlelo eziningana zokukhokha zakhiwa ngamanzi ashisayo namakhaza. Ukuphendula umbuzo oyinhloko we-athikili yethu, cabanga zonke izinhlelo ezikhona. Sigcizelela futhi ukuthi inqubo yokubala izinsiza kuncike ekutheni kukhona ukugeleza kwe-Flowmeter endlini noma cha. (Ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ezihlanganisiwe, ezifakiwe ekungeneni kwendlu nokukala ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kokudla kwamanzi okubandayo nokushisayo kuyo, nomuntu ngamunye, ulinganisa inani lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi efulethini lapho zifakwa khona. Qhathanisa nomuntu ngamunye, vumela ukulawula hhayi kuphela umthamo wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, kepha futhi namapharamitha asemqoka: ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa lamanzi.D.)
Ngakho-ke, Isikimu sokuqala . Uma kungekho okujwayelekile noma okuphakathi kwalowo nalowo endlini, umthetho wokulinganisa usebenza: bonke abahlali bakhokha okufanayo ngokwezintela zamanje. NgoJanuwari ngoJanuwari 2008 Izintela ezilandelayo zivunyiwe: Izindleko zamanzi ashisayo angu-1m3 - ama-ruble angama-57,51; Amanzi abandayo angu-1m3 - 11.8 hlikihla.; I-1M3 Drainage (indle) - I-9,1 rub. Khumbula ukuthi amazinga wokusebenzisa amanzi ngezakhiwo zokuhlala ezifakwe amanzi, indle, ukugeza, ngokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okushisayo (kususelwa ku-350l / ngosuku eRussia, ikakhulukazi i-384L / usuku eMoscow.
Njengombukiso wokuzijwayeza, imali ekhokhwayo yamazinga ayikude kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nokukhokha kwamanye amacebo (sizoyichaza ngokwengeziwe), yize amanani asemthethweni okusebenzisa amanzi ehluke kakhulu kusuka kwangempela. Yahlulele wena. Ngokulandelana, umuntu oyedwa aphuze ngaphezu kwamanzi ayi-1-2l, achitha ama-35- 40l ezitshalweni zokugeza, ukusetshenziswa kwendlu yangasese, 12-15l, ekwamukelweni kokugeza noma umphefumulo - 60-80l. Kuvela ukuthi isiRussia esivamile sidla ngamanzi acishe abe ngu-110-140l ngosuku, hhayi nhlobo i-38L, eyakhokha. I-AESLEY UQHAWE EKHAYAMA NOMA IBHIZINISI UHLELO, UZOSUKA UKUZE UQEQESHELE UKUZE BAMUKELA WOKUXHUMANA NAMANZI NJENGOBA.
Noma elinye icala: Abantu abathathu babhalisiwe efulethini, mama, ubaba kanye nendodana yabantu abadala (indodakazi), ephilayo kwenye indawo, kodwa empeleni baphila futhi bajabulele izinsizakalo zomphakathi. I-Aschange yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi iza njalo kubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, inkokhelo ohlelweni lokuqala ayisizi ngalutho. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokubala ezijwayelekile sezivele zasungulwa ngaphezulu kwama-90% ezindlu zaseMoscow, ukulingana okunjalo kancane kancane kuya phambili. Ngakho-ke, siyaqhubeka nocwaningo lwezinye izinketho zokubalwa.
"Dasi" | 
Photo V. Nefedova | 
"Suka" | 
Raab Karcher |
Amamitha wamanzi angama-5.Onemmatic angenampi angenandaba (Sclumbemberger)
Ama-6.Thibings imitha yamanzi Khetha umugqa oqondile wepayipi elivundlile noma eliqondile
7. Imitha ye-electromagnetic Mr400, ("Suka")
8. Izinhlobo zamadivayisi we-Impeller Clorius Water Accounting Devices (Raab Karcher)
Cabanga Isikimu sesibili Lapho kufakwa idivaysi yokuxhumana endlini, futhi umuntu ulahlekile. Esimweni, inani lokukhokha linqunywa ngale ndlela elandelayo: Ubufakazi bemitha enobungani obujwayelekile buhlukaniswe ngenani labantu ababhaliswe endlini, bese kuthi le nkomba iphindaphindwa yinombolo yokubhaliswa kuyo , bese kuthi amadijithi atholakele ayandakanyeka ngamanani wamanzi ashisayo nebandayo. Kubukeka sengathi yonke into ilula kakhulu futhi kusukela lapho umbono wokonga kufanele ube yinzuzo. Kepha bekungekho lapho. Ukuzilolonga kukhombisile ukuthi ngemuva kokufakwa kwamadivayisi ajwayelekile ezinhlanganweni zokuphatha, izikhalazo eziningi zabaqashi zifafazwe, izindleko zawo zokusebenzisa amanzi zanda, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangezikhathi ezi-2-3. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Iqiniso ukuthi izikweletu ziza kumuntu ngamunye obhalisiwe endlini. Nokho manje eMoscow liphila "ngokungemthetho"? Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abangu-4-5 efulethini elilodwa lokulala. Kuvela ukuthi i-akhawunti ikhishwa umuntu ngamunye (umnikazi wezindlu), namanzi amane noma amahlanu asebenzisa amanzi. Idivaysi yokuxhumana ithatha lezi zindleko, futhi ziwela kubo bonke abahlali basendlini ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Nansi incazelo yokuthi izinkokhelo zikhule ngo-2-3. Ngakho-ke, inkokhelo emithanjeni eshisayo nayo ayizuzisi kakhulu ngoba ayikwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi efulethini ngalinye.
Ukungazi, Isikimu sesithathu (Ngendlela, okuvame kakhulu empilweni yangempela). Ngokwesimemezelo esishiwoyo sikaHulumeni waseRussia Federation, uma imitha yokugeleza ifakwe ekungeneni endlini futhi kukhona amadivaysi okubalwa kwezimali kumafulethi ngamanye, akhokhele ngezinkomba ezimbili: Okokuqala, ngokusho kwefulethi Amamitha wamanzi, kanti okwesibili, ngezindleko zezidingo zangaphandle, ezinqunywe ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bedivayisi yokulinganisa evamile. Ngokuvamile, lo mbono ulungile impela: isabelo esithile sokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile singeza ezisebenzini zakho zasefulethini futhi inani eliphelele liphindaphindwe ngentela. Le nokwabelana ibalwa kusetshenziswa i-coeffliccient eyinkimbinkimbi. Kuchazwa njengesilinganiso sokugeleza okujwayelekile (ekhawunteni) kwinani elithile elibaliwe eliqukethe imigomo emibili: amanani okufundwayo wonke amamitha efulethini angenazindleko ezinamadivayisi anjalo abalwa ngokuya ngezindleko zalolo umqashi obhalisiwe.
Kuphakama (futhi ngokuphelele ngomthetho) isimo esivelele. Uma bonke abanikazi benamafulethi endlini, inkokhelo isebenza, ngokuya ngezindleko zangempela. IKak ikhombisa ukwenza, leli nani lincane kakhulu kunalokho okwakufanele ngikhokhele ukufakwa kwemitha yamanzi. Kepha uma kukhona amafulethi ambalwa anamadivayisi we-accounting ngamunye endlini, abanikazi bawo kuzoba khona ukwenza imali eningi ngamanzi kunangaphambili (ikakhulukazi uma ipayipi endlini inokuvuza noma inani elikhulu labantu abangabhalisiwe lapho). Kuvela ukuthi wedwa ubeka i-counter ayisebenzi kahle. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukubiza ukufakwa kwayo nabanye abanikazi bezindlu.
Ikusasa lamamitha amanzi
Lesi simo esichazwe sasiwukunganakwa kwezakhamizi ezinamamitha amanzi ngamanye, futhi kunciphise kakhulu inani lokufisa ukusungula izinto zokubala ezifulethini. Isikhundla esihambisana nokukhokha ngokuya ngamadivayisi wamanzi ngamanye axoxwe ngentshiseko emisebenzini kanye nemihlangano kahulumeni waseMoscow. Kodwa-ke, namuhla izakhamizi zamakhaya kamasipala ezibeke amamitha amanzi ngamanye akhokhele kuphela ngamanzi adliwayo ngokusho kokufundwa kwamamitha afulethini. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlala ekhaya likamasipala, ungaphikisane ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nokuthi ukufakwa kwamadivayisi ngamanye kuyazuzisa ngempela kuwe. Okokuqala, ukhokha kuphela ivolumu yangempela yamanzi esetshenzisiwe; Okwesibili, awukwazi ukucabanga isitifiketi sokungabikho kwesikhashana kwamalungu omndeni ukuze abuyise imali ekhokhwayo yamanzi; Okwesithathu, awukhokhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kulabo abahlala ekhaya lakho futhi badle amanzi, kepha ababhalisile kulo. Kuliqiniso, ungakhuluma kuphela ngokonga kwangempela kuphela uma ungasebenzisi mani anangqondo amanzi futhi zonke iSantochpribers efulethini ziyasebenza.
Izakhamizi ze-Avot zezindlu lapho i-HOA ne-HCC, izindleko zezidingo ezijwayelekile ezingenakugwemeka. I-ISV futhi lokhu akuyona imali eningi. Yibala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ngokuya ngamalungu akhethiwe we-HOA (HCC) Isibonelo, i-5% yanyanga zonke engu-5% yedivayisi ejwayelekile ihlukaniswe yinombolo yabo bonke abahlala endlini, ngemuva kwalokho le nkomba kufanele ingezwe kwimininingwane ye-counter eyodwa, bese iphindaphinda inombolo ephumayo kwintela. Uma unengqondo ngokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi, imitha yamanzi ngayinye (ngokusho kwama-muscovites asungule) kuzokonga i-20-50% yenani olikhokhe ngaphambili. I-AESLEY UNESIKHATHI ESISEKELAYO EKHAYA, Akukho lutho kodwa ngeke ukhokhe noma yini ngaphandle kwezindleko ezijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo olethwe ekuqaleni kwendatshana yethu ayinakuphikiswa: Ukufakwa kwamamitha efulethini kuyazuzisa ngempela.
Ngeke sikhohlwe ukuthi imishini yefulethi liyilungu lomthengi, injabulo ayishibhile futhi iyakukhokhela akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni waseMoscow wanquma ukusungula izinto zokubala izakhamizi ezihlala emafulethini kamasipala, kanye nalabo abathola uxhaso. Konke okunye kuzofanela ukubeka amakhaya amanzi ngezindleko zawo. Ungayenza kanjani?
I-TECEM. | 
"I-Itelma-Resource" | 
Photo by D. Minkin | 
|
9.Khetha ukubala okukodwa emnyango we-vz90 yamanzi ebandayo neshisayo kulula kakhulu ukufaka noma kuphi, ngisho nakubhavu wokugeza
10-11. Amafulethi ezakhamizi zaseRussia angenziwa kuphela amadivaysi enziwe kwirejista yombuso yezimali zokulinganisa, kanye ne-passport kanye nesitifiketi sokuvumelana
12. Ukwakhiwa kwe-MK90E Counter, okususelwa kuma-microelectonics anamuhla kakhulu
Sibeka izinto zokubala
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokubeka i-counter eyodwa, khumbula ukuthi akukho hlangothi lwezinhlekelele kwamukelekile. Okokuqala, kuvunyelwe ukufaka izinto zokubala kuphela ezingamalungu e-State Standard Tools ezenziwe kwirejista yombuso we-State Standard of the Russian Federation (the Inhlangano yamanje yenhlangano). Okwesibili, i-desi ngokomzimba ayinakuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokulungiswa nokulungiswa kwamamodeli amaningi aqinisekisiwe, ngakho-ke asebenze nge-assortment emincane kakhulu yezinsimbi.Ngokuya ngomshini osetshenzisiwe wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwamamitha, wonke amamitha ahlukaniswe nge-tachometric, electromagnetic, voluminometric, i-ultrasound, i-idr, ehlanganisiwe, ehlanganisiwe, idaphragm idr.
Namuhla ezindlini zamaRussia, amadivaysi alula kakhulu, ashibhile futhi anokwethenjelwa futhi anokwethenjelwa ama-tachometric, lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kujikeleza ibanga lesondo le-wing kanye nendlela yokubala icushiwe kusetshenziswa ukuhanjiswa okunezinyo. Amamitha anjalo abizwa nge- "impeller", "ama-turntables".
Olunye uhlobo lokubala lwe-tachometric - "ama-drowhes": idivaysi engabalwa ihlukaniswe namanzi ahlukaniswe yi-Hersmetic non-Magnetic. Bahlukaniswa ngokuthembela nokuqina, kepha kukhona abanye ababikisi ababiza kakhulu "
Ukunemba okuphezulu kwezilinganiso futhi kunikeza "ama-Drowhes" amaningi, lapho umfudlana wamanzi uhlukaniswe ngamajethi amaningana ngaphambi kokungena empumeleli ye-impeller.
Ukuphula ikhanda lakho ngaphezulu kohlobo lwedivayisi olungadingekile. Kubathengi, izindlela zokukhetha zisungulwe ngokucacile: Kufanele kube "ama-Drowhes" wephiko, kubalwa emazingeni okushisa angena ku-90 ° C, enobubanzi bendawo evamile ye-15,5m3 / h Ukuze amafulethi anokufakwa okukodwa kokubanda nokufakwa okukodwa kohlelo lwamanzi ashisayo (amafulethi anokufakwa okubili - 1m3 / h). Ukulwa nezidingo ezihlobene Meters zikhipha abakhiqizi basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe: "I-ASYANY", "Teplovodomer", "Enpoliya-Water" (i-All- Russia), i-Menner (iBurner Germany), i-Actaris Amasistimu we-Metering (France) i-IDR. Intengo yemishini isukela ku-400-500 kuya ku-800-1600 rub. (Izinto zokubala ezibi kakhulu zihlome ngokuphuma okugcwele).
Ukubeka ikhawunta ngayinye, udinga ukuxhumana nesitatimende nesitatimende ekufakweni kwamadivayisi wamamitha wamanzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezibalo ngokuya ngobufakazi babo. Lapha uzothola imininingwane mayelana namafemu asemthethweni (ngaphansi kwenkontileka eneziphathimandla zasendaweni) afeze umsebenzi namanani emishini. Lapho i-akhawunti isuselwe ekufakweni kwezinsimbi, uzokhokhelwa, inhlangano ekhethekile izobasiza efulethini lakho futhi inikeze amadokhumenti alandelayo: Isivumelwano ekufakweni kwamadivayisi we-accounting, ilayisense, isitifiketi sokuvumelana, amaphasiphothi wokubala. Ukufakwa kwedivaysi eyodwa yokusebenzisa amanzi kubiza i-4800 rub.
Ngemuva kokufaka amamitha amanzi, kufanele umeme ummeleli wenkampani yabaphathi ukuhlanganisa isenzo sokubakhoma. Izenzo ezinamacala amathathu zisayina abameleli benkampani yokuphatha abahlinzeka ngezinsiza kanye nenhlangano ekhethekile eyenza ukufakwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nabaqashi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuphetha isivumelwano nenkampani yokuphatha ukukhokha ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kumadivayisi we-accounting asungula akhombisa inqubo yokususa nokudlulisa idatha kusuka kuma-Counters. Emva kwalokho, uzoba nombiko wanyanga zonke wokufundwa kwemitha e-ERCR (uqobo noma ngocingo).
Izinga lokusebenzisa amanzi (umuntu ngamunye ngosuku)
| Izwe | Umthamo wamanzi, l |
|---|---|
| Izitsha zokudlela zebumba uqobo | 100 |
| IJalimane | 125. |
| I-france | 164. |
| I-Great Britain | 168. |
| I-Switzerland | 237. |
| Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | 242. |
| Ufaza | 295. |