Izindlela zokwanda kwengcindezi yamanzi ezifuysweni: Izizathu zokunciphisa ingcindezi ezinhlelweni zangaphakathi zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokupompa
I-Hydroaccumulator esigabeni ( kepha ) nesiteshi sepompo esisebenza kahle kakhulu i-bch (Grundfos) (Grundfos) ( B.) 
UPA 15-90 Pumps ( kepha ) no-120 ( B. ) (Grundfos) asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ingcindezi ngaphambi kokucindezela izinto zasendlini
Ngezikhathi ezithile ezingeni lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi noma ingcindezi ephansi, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwefulethi kwenziwa ethangini eliqongelayo kusetshenziswa isiteshi sokupompa esizenzakalelayo
Iziteshi zokupompa ezenzakalelayo ezinokuzikhandla ( kepha ) futhi imvamisa ukumunca ( B. ) Amaphampu
Indawo yokuhlala yamadolobha yanamuhla namuhla ayicabangi ngaphandle kohlelo oluthembekile lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuphakathi. Abantu bedolobha babona buhlungu ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle emsebenzini wakhe, ngoba sekuyisikhathi eside bajwayele lesi sibusiso sempucuko. Maye, kulezi zinsuku emapayipi amanzi ezakhiwo zamanzi zamadolobha amaningi nemizana yamanzi, awekho amanzi anele, kepha ungalwa "nokugula" futhi sizokutshela kanjani.
Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi izakhamizi zezindlu ezinokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuphakathi, ikakhulukazi amafulethi ezitezi zokugcina, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele abhekane nengcindezi ephansi kwinethiwekhi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ebandayo. Ukugeleza kwamanzi, kepha ingcindezi ibuthakathaka, i-crane kulula ukuyixhuma ngomunwe! Ukugeza okuzenzakalelayo nokugeza izitsha, amakhabethe okugeza, ama-heather amanzi kagesi namanye amadivaysi ngasikhathi sinye enqatshelwe umsebenzi. Ukuphazamiseka okuningi kuhlotshaniswa nendlu yangasese evamile, ithangi lawo esimweni esifanayo eligcwele amanzi kakhulu ...
Ake siqale nge-riser
Okokuqala, kunengqondo ukufuna ukwanda kwengcindezi kwinethiwekhi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ebandayo enanini elidingwa yi-snifam, ukuxhumana ne-HSE (DZ) (njengamanje, indima yalezi zinhlangano ezibhekene nabaphathi). Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kungakhathalekile ukuthi ungumnikazi wefulethi noma ungumqashi wakhe: Ngokomthetho yi-hose (uma indlu yakho ingakhonzi enye inhlangano) ibophekile ukwamukela izinyathelo ezidingekayo kuleli cala. Qaphela ngokushesha: Kungcono ukushiya isicelo ngocingo, kepha kubhaliwe. Bhalisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lapho umongo wenkinga kufanele ube ebekwe ngokucacile, ubhale phansi inombolo eyabelwe yona kanye nosuku lokuphakelwa. Ngemuva kwalokho funa umsebenzi kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukuthi lufakwe kuhlelo lomsebenzi lomsebenzi we-Hik ngekota eliseduzane (isigamu sonyaka). Ukulalela ukwenqaba kungahambisa isikhalazo ekuphathweni kwesifunda kwezinsizakalo zezindlu nasezinsizakalweni zomphakathi noma shayela umugqa we- "Hot" (uma uhlelwe ukuphathwa kwedolobha lakho, isifunda noma isifunda).
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Imishini yesimanje yokuphapha esisiza ukuxazulula inkinga ngokubi kwengcindezi yamanzi ezifuysheni namuhla isebenza izakhiwo eziningi eziphakeme kakhulu ( A, B. ) kanye namadolobhana wezwe ( phakathi kwa- ). Noma ngabe ingcindezi eseMicrodistrict enikeziwe noma idolobhana lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi alizinzeki, ukufakwa okufanayo kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ingcindezi engapheli kuwo wonke amaphuzu ekwelashweni kwamanzi
Ochwepheshe abavela e-heka baphoqelekile ukuthi bahlole ngokuhlola okuphelele kohlelo, balungisa noma basebenzise umugqa wamanzi wangaphakathi, okufanele aqinisekise ukutholakala kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki kanye nekhwalithi edingekayo kubo bonke abathengi kuze kulungiswe imali enkulu.
Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwangaphakathi kwendlu ekunikezelweni kwamanzi angaphandle (ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho indlu yonke ixhaswa khona ngamanzi), kugcinwa ingcindezi yentuthuko ethile (indlu ukuphakama) ku-microdistrict ngayinye ethile. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi kunethiwekhi yangaphandle kuholela ekwehleni kwengcindezi noma ngisho naseziphazanyiselwe ekunikezelweni kwamanzi kubathengi abahlala emafulethini aphezulu wesakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe be-jeep kuvame ukuqala ngqo ekulinganiseni ingcindezi ekungeneni kwendlu. Uma igeyimu yengcindezi engxenyeni ye-groove yamanzi ibonisa ukuthi ingcindezi ingaphansi kwewaranti (inqobo nje uma umlawuli we-valves kanye nengcindezi yokungena endlini uvuleke ngokuphelele, kanti imitha yamanzi iyasebenza), izimangalo kufanele zenziwe enhlanganweni Ukuhlinzeka okokufaka kanye nenethiwekhi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi yangaphandle. Emugqeni wamanzi wangaphakathi wezakhiwo eziphakeme, amanzi ajwayele ukufakwa kusetshenziswa ukwanda esiteshini sokupompa, "okuphila" egumbini le-boiler noma indawo eshisayo. Ochwepheshe be-ZHEK kumele bahlole ukuhlinzekwa kwendawo yokupompa ngokuya ngobufakazi be-gressge yengcindezi, uma kunesidingo, balungisa ukuqiniswa kwephampu nokuphonsa esikhundleni se-valve enephutha ku- ukupompa umugqa wezintambo).
Imbangela evamile yokunciphisa ingcindezi nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwamapayipi. Ukunquma indawo yayo, umakhenikha kufanele adlule emafulethini ekungeneni kwakho nangosizo lwe-manometer ebekiwe (lufakwa ezandisweni zabaxube) ukukala ingcindezi ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zohlelo. Ngokudonswa kwengcindezi enkulu phakathi kwezitezi ezimbili, indawo yokulala ihlala iphakathi kwephuzu lokulinganisa lapho ingcindezi iphakeme (ngokwesibonelo, 0.2 MPA), nephuzu lapho kwehliswa khona (yisho, 0.01 MPA). Imvamisa amabhlokhi avame ukwenzeka kumapayipi atholakalayo kubaxube kanye neminye imisebenzi yasendlini. Mhlawumbe ingcindezi edingekayo ayinazo ngenxa yokuvalelisa noma i-eyeliner eguqukayo. AbakwaBrigade beZindlu baqedwa ngokuhlanza, ukugeza noma amanye amapayipi noma ababuyiseli. Okuncane okuphenduke ngawo uma amapayipi aphonsa ama-sediments usawoti.
Kepha mhlawumbe uhlelo aluguqulwanga. Bese kubanjwa amapayipi kumele kulungise ukutholakala kwamanzi bangaphakathi. Okokuqala lungisa umlawuli wokucindezela egumbini le-boiler. Lapho-ke kumawashi wokusebenzisa amanzi aphezulu (7: 00-9: 00 noma 20: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00) ama-valves of the risers alawule ingcindezi ku-0.05-0.1 I-MPA (ingcindezi esilinganisweni sesikhukhula ngosizo lweCape Gauge, enamathisela ekuqinisweni efulethini esitezi sokugcina). Ngemuva kwalokho, inani lokugeleza linqunywa nge-mixer yegobolondo kanye nokugeza esitezi esifanayo. Ngekhanda elivulekile elivulekile ngokuphelele, kufanele libe cishe amalitha / amalitha / amalitha. Ukusetshenziswa kukalwa kusetshenziswa umthamo wokulinganisa onamandla we-1L, okufanele agcwaliswe ku-8-9 s. I-valve e-eyeliner kusuka kusikhuphukeli efulethini ivulekile ngokuphelele. Okulandelayo, uma kunesidingo, shintsha ukugeleza kwamanzi esitezi ngasinye kuya ku-0,12 amalitha / s ngokujikeleza i-valve efulethini liner.
Izithelo zengqondo ezihlangene
Kwezinye izimo, ngeke kwenzeke ukuqinisekisa ukwanda kwamanzi emafulethini we-plumbing brigade. Dlulisela ulayini, ngokuqina kwengcindezi nokusetshenziswa kunethiwekhi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi yangaphandle.Ukuxhuma ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala kanye nezinye izinto ezidliwayo zamanzi ngenxa yokwelashwa kwamanzi njalo ngonyaka ingcindezi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi angaphandle ingancipha. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhizinisi athi "iVoodokanal" anawo amathuba ezobuchwepheshe okuqinisekiswe ukuthi alondoloze ingcindezi ekuhlinzekeni kwamanzi kwangaphandle, njengoba ukulethwa kwamanzi kwenziwa eminyaka yamanzi eyakhiwe ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, eliphelele labo Amandla ancipha ngemuva kwezidingo zangempela zedolobha.
Izimo ze-Cast zinikezela ngengcindezi eyanele endlini yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi yasekhaya ngosizo lwemishini enikezwe yiphrojekthi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, kuzokwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuthola amanzi okusha nokuphakelwa kwamanzi.
U-Aesli uguqula ukwakhiwa kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwangaphakathi ngendlela yokuthi ingcindezi ekufakweni efulethini, naphezu kwengcindezi eyehla ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi, ihlala ihambisana nento ejwayelekile? Ngobuchwepheshe, lokhu kungokoqobo, kudingeka kuphela ukuthola ulimi olujwayelekile nabanye abaqashi ekhaya. Uma umsebenzi "ekuthuthukisweni" kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwangaphakathi kwenziwa ngochwepheshe, ikhanda elijwayelekile emafulethini wendlu lizosekelwa ubusuku nemini. Imishini yokusebenzisana endlini izoshintsha ama-risers kanye nama-exys futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, faka amaphampu amasha akwazi ukuhlinzeka ingcindezi ephakeme emapholini asuselwa emanzini kulo lonke uhla lokuphakelayo lwamanzi. Njengomthetho, izici zamaphampu anjalo ziguqulwa ngokuzenzakalela nezindlela eziguqukayo zokusebenza ngokushintsha ijubane lamaphampu. Imvamisa, amaphampu amaningi afakwa ngokufana, ngenkathi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu inamadivayisi ukushintsha ijubane lokujikeleza. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi abahamba phambili bamaphampu banamuhla neziteshi zokupompa kungabikwa nge-grundfos (Denmark), iWilo (Germany), i-DAB, PEDRORORO (OBHRORLO (OBHRORLOALYA) IDR.
Vota i-ruble!
Lapho abaqashi bendlu bembula isifiso sokubhekana nenkinga yokuntuleka kwengcindezi "emhlabeni", umbuzo oyinhloko yiphi ukuthi ungayithatha kuphi imali epanini lamanzi? Kulula ukuthola impendulo kuyo uma abaqashi bendlu (noma abanikazi bendlu ngokuqondile, abanikazi bamafulethi kuwo) bayobambisana ekubambisaneni kwabanikazi bezindlu (HOA). Ubambiswano luyizinto ezingokomthetho, zine-charter yazo. Umhlangano jikelele wamalungu obambiswano angaxazulula inkinga yokwakhiwa kwesikhwama ukuze kubuyiselwe nokulungiswa kwempahla ejwayelekile ekwakheni efulethini nasezintweni zokusebenza. Imali yalokhu ingaqoqwa ngabaninimafulethi, futhi itholakale njengemali engenayo evela emisebenzini yezomnotho yobambiswano (ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ekuqasheni isitolo esingaphansi kwekhaya lakho). Intando yeningi yenziwe yisikhungo senkonzo nomqondisi wayo, i-accountant kanye nonjiniyela ohlela inkampani ephethe: Ukukhetha inkampani ephethe, oda iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa kabusha kwamanzi wangaphakathi wamanzi, imishini .d.
(Usizo: Ukuhlela endlini yakho HOA, abaqashi kufanele babambe umhlangano ojwayelekile babanikazi futhi bathole ukwesekwa kwamavoti angaphezu kwama-50%.)
Ukuthandaza Efulethini
Kodwa-ke, kaningi, izakhamizi ezingakulungeli ukubekezelela ingcindezi yamanzi ephansi emikhondweni futhi zingatholi usizo eziphathimandleni, zithathe izinqumo ngohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ukuze kufinyelelwe umngcele odingekayo emnyango wendlu ehlukahlukene amadivayisi efulethini lawo. Yenza isenzo esibizwa ngokuthi, ngengozi yakho. Lokhu kukusiza lokhu, nakwabanye, kuholela emiphumeleni engathandeki. Isibonelo, lapho ufaka ekungeneni efulethini lawo maphampu wokuzijabulisa, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi kanye nokusetshenziswa. Kepha amaphampu wokuzikhandla akhuphuka cishe kuwo wonke amanzi aqhamuka kulokhu okuvusekise, okwenza kube yimigwaqo egumbini lokugezela nasekhishini lamafulethi avela ngaphezulu nangaphansi. Kopisha okuhlangenwe nakho kwalokhu "okuhudula kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi" akwamukeleki! Okwamanje, kunezisombululo zezobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuzokwandisa ingcindezi emapayipini esiteshini sokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, futhi ngeke kudale izinkinga zomakhelwane. Cabanga ngalezi zimo ezimbili ezicijile.
Kukhona amanzi emapayipi, akukho mfutho. Uma kusuka empompini, yize "ukuntuleka kwengcindezi", kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kungabi ngaphansi kuka-0.033l / kwanele ukufaka ipompo ukwandisa ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ohlelweni lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ohlelweni lwamanzi. Idivaysi enjalo isebenza kuphela lapho ingcindezi e-nozzle yayo yokubamba ayikho ngaphansi kuka-0.02 MPA.
Phakathi kwamaphampu asekhaya ukukhulisa ingcindezi ku-plumbing, ungasho amadivaysi ochungechunge lwe-UPA 15-90 (Grundfos), PB-2017EYA (i-WILO). Amadivaysi anjalo ahlanganisiwe enzelwe ukukhuphuka okuncane kwengcindezi (cishe 0.08-0.15 MPA ngokuqhathaniswa nokuqala) ohlelweni olukhona lwamanzi, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokungena engcindezini Ekungeneni efulethini kungukucindezela kwe-0.02 MPA kupayipi ngeke kube ngaphansi kwe-0.01 MPA futhi lokhu kwanele emsebenzini wezimpahla zasendlini (ngokwesibonelo, kudingeka i-0.05 MPA ukuvula ikholamu yegesi). Njengomthetho, amaphampu wengcindezi ekhulayo anamasayizi amancane nobunzima obuncane (2.5-7kg). Idizayini yamapayipi awo okuxhuma ("kulayini") ikuvumela ukuthi usike iphampu ngqo epayipini, ngemuva kwe-valve, ugcwala i-riser. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphonsele ingcindezi ngamaphampu akufanele lidlule inani elithile (kumamodeli ahlukile kungama-60-90 s).
Amaphampu wokukhulisa ingcindezi ku-plumbing ingasebenza kwimodi ezenzakalelayo ephelele engadingi ukulawulwa okuvela kumnikazi. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-duct sensor eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, impompo iyaphenduka, lapho nje i-crane ivulekile endaweni esekwe emanzini (noma i-valve yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ibe yindawo yendlu) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuzodlula u-0.033l / s. Phuma ngokuzenzakalelayo bese ucisha- uma ukusetshenziswa kuzoba ngaphansi kunenani elicacisiwe, kanye nokuthi amanzi eyeka ukugeleza ku-nowzle yephampu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wokuvikelwa kwephampu kusuka ku- "stroke owomile". Uma singekho isidingo sepompo futhi, ukushintshwa kusethelwe isikhundla se- "off". Ekhoneni lokuhlaziywa kwamanzi, uketshezi lugeleza ngokukhululeka ngepompo. Idizayini yamaphampu okupompa ilula impela, ngakho-ke ithembekile. Amadivaysi acishe athule (cishe ama-35DB), avumela ukuthi ubekhwebeka kunoma yiliphi igumbi ekhaya.
Akunangcindezi, akukho ukusetshenziswa ... Uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe kuzofanela lube kusengaphambili ukuthi ifulethi lakho linikezwa ngamanzi ngokuphazamiseka: amahora ambalwa, amanzi asendlini awenzeki nhlobo. Umkhuba ofanayo wamanzi ezweni lethu, alashe, hhayi ongajwayelekile. Amadolobha athe xaxa maqondana nokushoda kwamanzi okuphuza, amakhanda okuphatha aqinisekisa ngokoqobo amahluzo ngehora lokuphuza aqinisekisiwe ezakhiweni zokuphumula eziqinisekisiwe ezakhiweni zokuhlala eziqinisekisiwe ezakhiweni zokuhlala eziqinisekisiwe ezakhiweni zokuhlala eziqinisekisiwe ezakhiweni zokuhlala eziqinisekisiwe ezakhiweni zokuphumula ...
Uma amanzi engahambi e-crane amahora amaningi noma endlini ifika kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-0.033l / s, kumanzi angaphazamiseki wonke amaphuzu okudla kwamanzi efulethini, kungenzeka ukufaka ngokuzenzakalela iziqukathi ezifundwayo zevolumu enkulu endaweni evuthayo. Okomndeni wabantu abathathu noma abane, inqobo nje uma amanzi acishiwe amahora ama-3-4 namahora angama-5-6 ebusuku, imvamisa i-vessel eyanele ngo-500-600l (intengo yethangi elinjalo - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5-8) . Kuyo, bonke abathengi, kufaka phakathi ama-mixers, ukugeza kanye nama-idrs wezitsha, "anikwe amandla" ngakho ngohlelo lwe-Collector Wiring.
Umbono we-Specialist
Ekunciphiseni lesi simo, ukufaka ipompo ukwandisa ingcindezi kwinethiwekhi yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi efulethini, indlela elula futhi eshibhile indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokushoda kwengcindezi. Amaphampu anjalo athembekile, umsindo ophansi, acishe anindeke ngekhwalithi yamanzi. Zihlome nge-duct edluliselwe, okuyinto eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-automation futhi inqume ngokuhlukile lapho iphampu iphenduka ngokuphepha. Uma kunokugeleza kwamanzi ezanele, impompo ayivulwanga. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukuthandwa kwalolu hlobo lwemishini eRussia kuzokhula ngokuqinile.
I-Roman Marikhbane, Unjiniyela We "Amaphampu wezinhlelo Zobunjiniyela Zezakhiwo" zeNkampani "Grandfos"
Izinga lamanzi ethangi lilawula i-valve yokuntanta ngepayipi lokuphakelayo. Ukuze wehluleke yonke indlu uma kwenzeka kuba nokuwohloka kwe-valve, kufanele kube nokuchithwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ethangi, futhi ukuvikela ithangi kusuka ekuqhekekeni engxenyeni engenhla yethangi, udinga ukwenza "umkhathi". Siphinde sidinge ama-technological drain ezingeni eliphansi, lapho ithangi lingaba khona cishe isikhathi esingu-1, instaz ukuze lingelutho ngokuphelele futhi lihlanzekile kusuka ku-plaque. Kubalulekile ukuthi ethangini kunesembozo esikhulu esifanele, kuzokwenza kube lula ukuyihlanza.
I-polyethylene ehlelekile noma i-polyvinyl chloride Tank. Amakhono anjalo akhiqiza u-Anion, "ama-Plastos", "i-Rotoloplast" (allous- Russia) idr. Beka ithangi lingcono egumbini lokugezela noma ekhishini, ukuze ibanga likuye kuwo wonke amaphuzu asuselwa emanzini ayenciphile.
Ukwandisa ingcindezi kunethiwekhi "kusuka ethangini kuya kubathengi", kulula ukusebenzisa isiteshi sokupompa esizenzakalelayo (intengo ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5-13), okubandakanya ipompo ngemoto kagesi, i-hydroaccumulator enomthamo we Kufika kwamalitha angama-60, ukushintshwa kwengcindezi, kanye ne-hose yokuxhuma kanye nomjikelezo kagesi. Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi efulethini lapho kuxhunywe khona isiteshi esizenzakalelayo kungaphansi kwengcindezi ekhiqizwe yi-hydroaccumulator. Uma uvula i-crane (ngokwesibonelo, ekhishini), amanzi aphuma kuwo, ngenkathi i-hydroaccumulator izoqala ukungabi nalutho, futhi ingcindezi ohlelweni lehlile kahle. Lapho iwela ngaphansi kobuncane bokusetha, ukushintshwa kwengcindezi kuzovula ngokuzenzakalelayo iphampu ezokondla amanzi emihumeni ethangini lakho elikhulu lepulasitiki. Ngemuva kokuthi i-crane ivaliwe, iphampu izosebenza isikhashana. Kuzogcwalisa i-hydroaccumulalator kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi ohlelweni ayikhuphuki kwangempela (ngokwesibonelo, 0.3 MPA), khona-ke ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwepompo kuzocishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Imibuthavu ephezulu futhi ephansi ifakwe efektri, kepha uma kunesidingo (ngokwesibonelo, ukulungisa ingcindezi ephezulu ohlelweni), ingashintshwa.
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Naka izici zomsindo. Amadivayisi anamaphampu wokuzikhandla avame ukuba nomsindo omuhle, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha lezo zinhlelo, kufanele alalele ngaphambi kokuthenga indlela asebenza ngayo. Ngaphandle kwemithetho- mq (uGrundfos). Izinga lomsindo ophansi weziteshi zokupompa ezenzakalelayo ngephampu ejwayele ukumunca, njenge-wilo-multipress HMP (Wilo), i-BCH (Grundfos), i-Seams (Loyara, Italy- USA) I-IDR.
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Abahleli babonga inkampani "umzukulu" ukuze basize lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo kanye nenhlangano yokuhlunga, kanye nenkampani "Thermo-World" yokufakwa okubukwayo.