Ukuqalisa ophahleni lwe-attic endlini yezihlahla ezifuywayo: uhlelo lwe-rafter, ukwakheka kwekhekhe "lekhekhe", impahla yophahla, umoya omncane
Vele, uphahla oluhle lungahlobisa indlu, ngakho-ke igama elithi "facade yesihlanu" lalilungiswa ngemuva kwalo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthembeka nokuqina nokuqina kuyindlela esemqoka yokuhlola ikhwalithi yayo, okungukuthi, amandla okufeza abathwali, imisebenzi ye-hydro- kanye nokushisa iminyaka eminingi. Ukuthi ungawakha kanjani uphahla oluhle noluhlala isikhathi eside, futhi i-athikili yethu izotshela.
Kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezakhayo zesistimu yokwakha ezaziwazo kuze kube manje, okuvumela hhayi kuphela ukonga esigabeni sokwakha, kepha futhi ukunciphisa izindleko zezindleko zasekhaya noma ze-cottage, mhlawumbe zithandwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwaphansi kwe-attic . Nguyena onikeza ithuba lokuthola ukwanda okukhulu endaweni ewusizo ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko.
Kodwa-ke, eRussia, ukwakhiwa kwe-attic kungukusha okuthe xaxa futhi, ngombono wethu, kulawulwa kabi yimibhalo ekhona yokwakha: Gost, Snipi, TP IDR. Kungakho, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezindlu nge-attic, kuningi okwenziwayo, njengoba kubizwa nge-intuition (futhi kwaziwa ukuthi, futhi onayo ... noma ezincomeni zabakhiqizi bezinto zokwakha ze uphahla. Ngemuva kwalokho iqala "inkathazo". Izinto ezihlanganisiwe, nezincomo ezifanele zenkampani ngayinye. Futhi, ngisho nalabo abangakaze bazibandakanye ekwakhiweni kwalezi zinto ezingakaze zibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezokwakha ukuze kukhiqizwe izinto ezinjalo. Indlela ye-dilottanic ivame ukuchuma cishe kuzo zonke izigaba, ezisukela ekwakhiweni nasekupheleni ngokugcwaliseka okukhulelwe. Imiphumela ecishe ibe ngu-30% yophahla (izibalo ezimbi!) Kumaphansi we-attic kufanele uphinde ubusika bokuqala. Ngokusobala, ngakho-ke, abafundi kanye nezivakashi zephephabhuku iphephabhuku www.vd.ru ziqongelele imibuzo eminingi. Namuhla sizotshela ngendlela ophahleni lwe-attic endlini egcwele khona, eyenziwe kuphrojekthi "Western" Finnish inkampani iRovaniemi (bheka i-IVD "ye-Finnish"). Ngasikhathi sinye sizozama ukuphendula imibuzo ethile yabafundi futhi sinikeze izincomo ezisebenzayo.
Uphahla lwe-Athenium
Ukuphila isikhathi eside kophahla lwe-attic kunikeza izingxenye zalo ezenziwe kahle. Okokuqala, uhlaka lokuthwala, okufanele 'luboshwe' ngokuqanjwa kwendlu uqobo. Okwesibili, umhlahlandlela "Pie", okubandakanya umgoqo we-vapor, ukufakwa, izikhala zomoya zokufaka umoya kanye nokungena kwamanzi. Yves-yesithathu, ukhaphethi ophahlayo uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobudlelwano obuqinile phakathi kophahla olukhethwe ngunjiniyela kanye nomjikelezo wesakhiwo sophahla. Kepha ngeke sibubize masinyane, ake sihambe yonke into ngokuhleleka.Uhlaka lwamandla
Emakhaleni ethu acatshangelwe, ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwe-rafter, imishayo eyenziwe ngokhuni omisiwe (22048mm), okungenele indawo yokwakha ephelele ngendlu yasetshenziswa. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi izinkuni ezinjalo zingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokwakha uhlelo lwe-rafter: umuthi womile kusengaphambili (umswakama - 12-15%), ngakho-ke noma i-shform noma i-deform ingaphansi kwe-shform
Ukuzijwayeza okuthuthukayo kwezinto ezivuthayo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngamapulangwe omswakama wemvelo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe lokho ngokuya ngezidingo zeSpepov, okuqukethwe umswakama okusele kwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe akufanele kudlule i-18%. Yini esongela ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni ezimanzi eziningi? Kwenziwe kusuka kuma-Rafters azoqala ukushintsha ngosayizi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nophahla luzoba, njengoba ochwepheshe bethi, "Hamba". Ungabhekana kanjani nayo? Kuyadingeka ukusonga yonke i-batch of Wood kwizitaki zokufaka nokuvikela ngokumelene ne-canopy yemvula, ukubekezelela izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkuni ezishaya izinkuni zizokoma kumswakama odingekayo. Ngakho-ke umbuzo owodwa obalulekile. Okungekho umuthi owusizo noma umswakama wemvelo, kungaphambi kokufakwa ekwakhiweni okudingeka ubhekane nezingoma zokuvikela: Ukuzivikela nokuvikela ngomlilo. Ukusebenza kokugcina kuyadingeka ukwenza izinkuni ngobuwula, futhi kungcono kakhulu ngezinto ezinhle. Kuyinto evikelayo evikelayo enconyelwe phansi.
Kulokhu, ukucubungula kwenziwa izingoma ezimbili: okokuqala "i-Mikout" ye-antiseptic, bese kuthi-ke i-antipitiren "Diaphos R-50". Kodwa-ke, okunye ukuthunyelwa kungasetshenziswa. Emakethe yanamuhla yaseRussia kunenombolo enkulu yamakhompiyutha okuvikela, kufaka phakathi ukuvikela umlilo komlilo okuhlangene, okuvumela ukunciphisa ubunzima bokucutshungulwa. Lapho ukhetha, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iningi labo lihlinzeka ngokhuni kuphela iqembu lesibili elivikelayo. Iqembu lokuqala lingamayunithi kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, ukwakheka ngesisekelo samanzi "Phenylaks" (NPP "Rogunda"), kanye "no" Sezneznezh Firebio Prof "(NGO" Tsorozhetsky ") (Womabili amafemu - Russia).
Manje mayelana nokunamathisela ama-rafters. Uma ugongolo lwe-skate, imilenze ye-rafter yayilengiswa kanzima, bese bexhunyaniswa kubha ephezulu ye-log cabin (mauerlat) enento ekhethekile yokugoqa okubanjwa nge-bracket ethambile equkethe umqhele wensimbi 2mm. I-hook yahlelwe ngokuziqhenya kabusha eChamber Chamfer ephezulu (yenziwa efektri), ubuso balokho okuhambisana nokuthambekela ophahleni. Ngokulandelayo, ubakaki oboshwe ngemuva kwegwegwe, ufake ukufana onqenqemeni lonyawo lwe-rafter futhi unamathele kuwo ngokuzikhandla. Ukuxhumana okunjalo, kungabikho zimo, ngeke kunikeze i-rafter ukuklebhula umqhele ongenhla, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ngeke kukuvumele ukuthi ihambisane ne-shrinkage yodonga lwe-brusade. Yebo Yebo! Ungamangali! Izindonga eziqoqwe kusuka ku-Glued Fifered Timber ziye zabhekana ne-shrinkage, kanye nezenziwe kusuka kumswakama wemvelo (i-idr ye-log). Ngabe ubukhulu bale shrinkage ngeke bubaluleke kakhulu - 1-3%.
A- nge-brausal noma indlu ye-log nge-skeleton mansard;
B - Ngendlu ye-log nge-log-eyenziwe ngama-forones wesilisa bese ungena ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesibili (engasebenzi) phansi
Ngokulandelayo, babeka okuthiwa bakubambezeleka izinto ezihehayo eziguqula imilenze ekhuphukile epulazini elingunxantathu. Babenamathiselwe emlenzeni osheshayo abanama-bolts ensimbi, nasezinkalweni ezisizayo ze-skate zamakhona ensimbi. Kufanele kuxwayiswe ukuthi uhlelo oluchaziwe lokunamathisela lwesigaxa lusebenza kuphela ezindlini ezivela kubha noma izingodo ezine-skeleton mansard. Isibonelo, ngezindlu ze-log ezinama-Frontines Male, zihlukile ngandlela thile, futhi izinto ezihambayo kuzo zikhudlwana kakhulu.
"I-PIE" ebalulekile
Kuphahla lwe-attic, "pie" ngaphansi kwe- "Pie" lenza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile ngasikhathi sinye: Ukushisa kanye nomswakama kufakise. Ukusebenza okushisayo kwezakhi zale "Cake" kuncike kakhulu kuzo zombili induduzo yezindlu zasendlini kanye nokuqina kwezimpawu zobuchwepheshe kanye nobuhle bophahla, kanye nesikhathi senkonzo yaso ngaphandle kokulungiswa.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izakhiwo zokufakwa kwe-thermal zokufakelwa zincishiswa kakhulu ngokwandisa umswakama wazo. Ngakho-ke, omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakheka kwe- "Cake" ephelele ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwayo okusebenzayo ekuthambezele kokubili ngababili kusuka ezakhiweni nasekuvumiseni kwasemkhathini kanye ne-condensate, kukhiqizwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ohlangothini olungezansi lokuhlanganiswa kophahla.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuqaqalwa okugcwele?
Isilinganiso se-coefficient of thermal arractivity kanye nobukhulu bongqimba lokufakelwa
| I-coefficiety eshisayo yokufakelwa, w / (ms) | Ubukhulu obuncane bokufakwa kwesendlalelo (ngokuya ngezidingo ze-SNIP II-3-79 nge-Middle Strip, Ro = 4.7m2C / W) W), MM |
|---|---|
| 0.035 | 160. |
| 0.04. | 180. |
| 0.044. | 200. |
| 0.045 | 205. |
| 0,046. | 210. |
| 0.047. | 215. |
| 0.05 | 225. |
| Ukwazi i-coefficient e-thermal ye-coefficity ekhethiwe, Kulula ukubala ubukhulu obudingekayo bengqimba yalo, bese uyidayela, ufingqa ubukhulu bamapuleti atholakala ku-assortment |
Kulokhu, ukudalwa kwegama elingezansi "ikhekhe" kwaqala ngeqiniso lokuthi amafilimu e-FIBROTK Master Vapor adonswa yi-Fibrotek Master (Lensacks, eRussia) - amaphaneli akhe abekwe eceleni komthambeka kusuka phezulu ezansi, futhi endaweni esezingeni eliphakeme kugxishwe iScotch ekhethekile. Ngaphezulu kwe-vaporizolation, ikhreyithi yasekhaya, ukudala isakhiwo, esizoqhubeka nokubona umthwalo kusuka ekufakweni nasesikhunjeni sangaphakathi.
Lapho-ke phakathi kwama-rafters abekelwe izingqimba eziningana zamapuleti okushisa okushisa ama-hydrophobile asuselwa kumadwala e-rocks of the rockayt basalt Group ("Tekhno isitshalo", iRussia). Kungani ukhethe izitofu ezinzima? Ochwepheshe bancoma ngokuqinile ukusebenzisa ukufakwa okuthambile kuma-roll ezinhlelweni zokulwa ezinhlelweni zokufakelwa. Okuqukethwe okunjalo kuyaqhubeka kancane kancane, futhi kubuye kuslayida emthambekeni we-skate, kwakha "amabhuloho abandayo".
Izinto zophahla nokwakhiwa kwekhekhe "lentela
Lapho ukhetha, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ulwelwesi lwe-superDifsunusion lunconywa ukuthi lusetshenziswe kuphela nge-pair kuphela ezisetshenziswayo ezingesabi umthelela ohlangothini lomswakama (isibonelo), ngokwesibonelo, ukuzisebenzisa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-ceramic, usimende- isihlabathi namathayili we-bitumen. I-Avot ene-metal tile (ngaphandle kwalokhu okunjalo nokuhlanganiswa kwe-alumac, ngokwesibonelo, iMetrobond, ama-belgium) noma amashidi we-wavy bitumen (okuthiwa yi-euroosher) akufanele ahlanganiswe.
Bethulwa emakethe yethu, njengemikhiqizo yamafemu anjengo-Eltete (Finland) noJuta, "uLegazol", "Megazol", "Stroyism". Ama-Mempbranes angenamanzi angenamanzi asetshenziswa nge-pair enezinto ezifanayo zophahla njenge-superdiffasion, enesihlangotho esibuhlungu kakhulu lapho umswakama angesabi khona.
Isikimu somsebenzi esichaziwe singangenziwa kuphela uma kunezindawo ezimbili zomoya zomoya - ezaphansi nangaphezulu. Kuzochazwa umbhangqwa wokufakelwa, bese kususwa. Ngenxa ephezulu, uhlangothi oluhlanekezelwe lwezinto zophahla luzovutha umoya. Izindleko zamafilimu angenakuvimba alwa namanye ama-windensate acishe abe ngu-15- 20 ama-ruble / m2. Banikeze emakethe yethu amafemu anjalo anjengeJuta- Jutakon, eltete-lkatek eyengeziwe idr.
Ingabe kufanelekile ukusebenzisa kuphela ukufakwa okushiwo? Imakethe yanamuhla yokufakelwa ibanzi futhi ihlukahlukene. Ungakhetha noma iyiphi impahla evumayo oyithandayo. Vele ufunde emndenini we-coefficient wokuphakelayo kwawo okushisayo, futhi ngemuva kwalokho, usebenzisa itafula esilinikele, sinqume ukuthi usayizi ophumelelayo wongqimba okufanele ube yikho, futhi uthayiphe amapuleti abukhulu obuthile atholakala ku-assortment. Bheka ukuthi usayizi ojwayelekile wongqimba wokufakelwa uhambelana kangakanani nokuphakama kwe-rafted. Uma inani lokuqala lingaphansi kwesibili, ngeke kube nezinkinga. Uma okuphambene nakho futhi akusabise. Kunenqubo elula futhi ephumelelayo, evumela ubukhulu bokufakwa kokwanda, futhi uvimbele ukubanda okugcwele. Ngemuva kokubeka ukufakwa (200mmm) phakathi kwama-rafter perpendicularly, imigoqo engama-5050mm ifakwe nge-pitch ka-600 mm bese ibeka ama-bheya amaminerali ngokukhulunywa ngo-50 mm phakathi kwawo. Kungenzeka ukubeka ungqimba olufanayo lokufakelwa kusuka ngaphakathi kwendlu, phakathi kojantshi bekhreyithi engaphakathi. Yikho kanye lokho abakhi abamukelwa lapho kudivayisi yophahla phezu kwe- "Western".
Izincomo Ezisebenzayo kudivayisi ngaphansi komoya wokwakha
Indawo yokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nezimbobo zokukhipha kufanele ibalwe kucatshangelwa amapharamitha athile (ivolumu kanye nokuhlushwa kwamawashi ama-it.d.), okusebenza kungenzeka ukuthi ungahlali njalo. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusebenzisa intuthuko enamandla kakhudlwana.
1. Inani legebe lokungena komoya phakathi kokufakelwa kanye nesisekelo sophahla kufanele okungenani sibe ngo-5 cm. Kuya ngobude kanye ne-angle yokuthambekela kwenduku yophahla futhi kunqunywa yithebula elingezansi.
2. Isigaba Esifingqiwe Sezimbobo Zokwenza Ukufaka Ukufaka Ukufaka Umoya ngamunye nge-1 k. I-Cornis nayo incike ngobude kanye ne-angle yokuthambekela kophahla lophahla futhi lunqunywa yitafula. Ukugeleza komoya kungahlelwa womabili lawo wonke ama-Iaves, futhi endaweni yakini - ngosizo lwama-grid we-thrid afakwe ku-binder of the cornice SV, it.d.
3. I-Summary Area of Wornitation izimbobo zomoya wokukhipha umoya, okufanele ahlelwe endaweni ephezulu kakhulu yophahla, emthambekeni ngamunye kufanele angabi ngaphansi kwendawo yezimbobo zokuhanjiswa. Ukudonsa amadivaysi okukhipha kungasebenzisa iziketi zokuphefumula, izigqoko zomoya zokufaka umoya omncane zophahla lwetende, ama-areators ophahleni lwe-IT.D. Kuvunyelwe ukufaka amadivaysi enziwe ngomumo (athengiwe) futhi akhiqizwa yindlela yokwakha.
| Isiketi ubude, m | Slope, Dur | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Okuthenyalwayo | ishumi nanhlanu | amashumi amabili | 25. | amashumi amathathu | |
| isihlanu | isihlanu | isihlanu | isihlanu | isihlanu | isihlanu |
| Okuthenyalwayo | isishiyagalombili | 6. | isihlanu | isihlanu | isihlanu |
| ishumi nanhlanu | Okuthenyalwayo | isishiyagalombili | 6. | isihlanu | isihlanu |
| amashumi amabili | Okuthenyalwayo | Okuthenyalwayo | isishiyagalombili | 6. | isihlanu |
| 25. | Okuthenyalwayo | Okuthenyalwayo | Okuthenyalwayo | isishiyagalombili | 6. |
| Isiketi ubude, m | Slope, Dur | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Okuthenyalwayo | ishumi nanhlanu | amashumi amabili | 25. | amashumi amathathu | |
| isihlanu | amashumi amahlanu | 49. | 48. | 46. | 42. |
| Okuthenyalwayo | 100 | 98. | 96. | 92. | 84. |
| ishumi nanhlanu | 150. | 147. | 144. | 138. | 126. |
| amashumi amabili | 200. | 196. | 192. | 184. | 168. |
| 25. | 250. | 245. | 240. | 230. | 210. |
Kusuka ku-albhamu "ubuchwepheshe bezinhlelo zophahla" zeTegola
Ngemuva kokufakwa kokufakelwa, waqala ukuhlangana nolwelwesi olungavunyelwe khona olungenamanzi. Kungani kudingeka? Isitha esikhulu sanoma yimuphi uphahla akuyona umswakama omncane wemvula, kungakanani okwakhiwa ngemuva kwenhlanganisela yophahla. I-Izadach Slonnel wantproofing - Vikela ukufakwa kanye nezinhlaka ezisekelayo nokunye.
Ama-subsystems ophahla olumisiwe njenge-super-waterproofing asebenzisa ama-super-def-supbranes ama-superbranes kanye namafilimu alwa nama-condensate. Yini okufanele uyisebenzise, inqume ngesisekelo sokuthi uphahla olukhethiwe, namathuba ezibonakalayo. Endabeni, i-SuperDiff-evunyelwe uMevDifsusion membrane tyvek (DuPont) esondelene nokufakelwa. Izindwangu ezibonakalayo zigoqwe ngaphesheya kwesikebhe ziqala ngezansi. Ukuzila ukudla kwe-canvas kwakungu-100mm okungenani. Umphumela waba yinhlanganisela eqinile: iwile, ngokwesibonelo, kusukela esibhakabhakeni sethonsi le-condensate, njengegquma, ama-rolls kanye nasenkingeni yophahla.
Uhlobo lokungena komoya omncane: Isixazululo esilula senkinga eyinkimbinkimbi
Amadivaysi okukhipha umoya kusuka ku-gollitory gap kuying izinhlobo ezimbili: iphuzu futhi liqhubekayo. Iphuzu livame ukubizwa ngokuthi abalandeli bophahla, bafakwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zophahla oluseduze kwe-skate. Bona, njengomthetho, banesimo esifudukayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bahlome ngo-fan owakhelwe ngaphakathi. Izibonelo zenkampani yeVilpe Vent Finnish SK Toute. Okwesibili kuqhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kulo lonke ubude begiya lophahla, ukuhlinzeka umoya omncane omuhle kakhulu. Kuze kube muva nje, ama-skate alekinazi ale akhiqizwa ngendlela yokwakha kuphela (idivaysi ye-schematic, bheka "IVD" No. 2 Ngo-2008. Isixwayiso "esibi: Ukudalwa kwe-skate kudinga Ukusuka kubakhi hhayi kuphela iziqu eziphakeme, kepha nesipiliyoni esithile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubungozi bokuthi ngaphansi kwehhashi ngesikhathi sasebusika buzovalwa yiqhwa, ngokuqinisekile buzothola, bese buyalithethelela, buthethelele Umoya omncane omncane, futhi sawubona, izithonjana.
Cishe ngonyaka owedlule, lesi simo sashintsha: izikejana zomoya ezanele okungenani ama-field okungenani amafemu aziwayo: Ridge Master Plus (ephakathi ne-shinglevent II (certe) (Vale). Lokhu kubiza lokhu, njengoba kwenzeka, sekuvele kukhishwe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili (ngokuvamile, njengoba kwenzeka njalo, kwavela ukuthi ibhayisekili selisungulwe kudala). Imikhiqizo iyakwazi ukusebenza ebangeni lokushisa -50 ... + 60C, futhi zombili iziqinisekiso zazo zombili izinkampani zinikeza iminyaka eminingi engama-40. (Kuliqiniso, akukho ukuzethemba ukuthi isikhathi esifanayo sewaranti sizonikeza abathengisi basekhaya.)
Kukhethwe kuleli cala, iKundge Master Plus ( kepha ) - Kwenziwe kusuka ekugugeni okungagqwali kanye nemisebe ye-UV, ifakwe uphawu lwe-labyrinth okuyi-relours efanayo yokuqina, ngenxa yalokho okwazi ukubekezelela isisindo somuntu, okubalulekile lapho ufaka. Idizayini ifakwe isihlungi esakhelwe ngaphakathi spongy ( phakathi kwa- ), hhayi ukudlulisa izinambuzane, kanye nokungafaki iqhwa noma imvula, ngaphandle kweqhwa ngejubane lomoya kuya ku-30m / s. Ukufaka kulula ukukhawula: Izici zobude be-skate 1220mm kanye nobubanzi baka-290 mm buhlelwe esisekelweni sophahla ngezipikili ezihlanganisiwe noma zokuzidweba ( B. ) Abanakho uphawu olusendlini. Phakathi kwabo, izigaba zixhunywe ngama-Locks ( D. ). Kusuka phezulu, i-bitch ebekiwe imbozwe ngamathayili we-bitumen ( G. ). Kuhle ukwengeza ukuthi ihhashi ngokwalo liphansi futhi licishe alibonakali ophahleni. Uma ubheka izindleko eziphansi kakhulu zento eyodwa, mhlawumbe yisisombululo esihle kunazo zonke namuhla.
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Umoya omncane
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngisho nokuba khona kwe-parobacker ethembekile ngokuphelele akukuqedi amathuba wokungena kukamusi ekufakweni. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwe enkingeni yokungena komoya omncane.
Ukwakha igebe lokungena komoya okhipha umoya ophethe imigoqo yama-brucks wesigaba sesiphambano esingu-5050mm. Futhi phakathi kwemigoqo ngemuva kuka-1-1,5m, izikhala ezingama-50-100mm zenziwe ukuze ukugeleza komoya kungageleza kusuka esiteshini esisodwa kuya kwesinye. Ukungeniswa kwezobuchwepheshe okunjalo kwenza ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda ukwakheka esakhiweni sophahla lwesakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-stagnation zone azungeze amawindi, kuma-endowers it.d. Yini izindawo eziyingozi eziqinile? Kukubo ukuthi ukufakwa kuzoqala ukugcwalisa umswakama. Ukufakwa kweNtshonalanga, linda isethi ephelele yenkinga: ama-snowdrift ophahleni nasezithonjeni ze-amofphs, zikhuphule izindleko zokushisa futhi ... ziguqule ophahleni.
Imigoqo "okucatshangelwe", izivivinyo ze-counter zaxoshwa (vele ngaphandle kokuqhekeka) i-RAM 5020mm, ngaleyo ndlela zikhuthaze ukuphakama kwegebe lokungenayo ku-70mm (leli velu kuncike ebudebeni nethebula) . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-crate yemigoqo engama-5030mm ikhiphe isigaba esingu-5030mm ngesinyathelo sika-400mm, nangaphezulu kwawo, sisebenzisa izikulufo eziqinile, zenziwe ngezikulufo eziqinile ezivela emihutsheni enesisulu se-9mm.
Phezu kwalokhu kwafika phansi ngemuva kwalokho kwaphakamisa ithala elithambile le-tile karages (lemminka..Nen, eFinland). Ngeke sihlale kulolu daba ngokuningiliziwe, kepha sizoqhubeka nengxoxo mayelana nomoya omncane. Ukuze kuvame ukusebenza, njengoba kuqinisekise impilo ende yophahla iyonke, kufanele kube nendima engenakuphikiswa yokugeleza komoya kusuka ezikebheni kuwo wonke amaphuzu wophahla (yibaphi abakhi abatholakele, ku-counterclaim). Ukuphakama kwegebe lokungena komoya kufanele kube njalo ukuthi umphumela wokomisa ungatholakala. Yibala kumafomula ayinkimbinkimbi, kepha ungaqondiswa yidatha enikezwe etafuleni.
Ukuhleleka okunelukuluku kokufaka kokufaka nokuphuma kwegebe lokungena komoya. Owokuqala atholakala echibini ophahleni futhi acishe aqhubeke nobude bawo. Ukungena kuhlanganisa ibhodi le-Bang-Born Binder, kufakwa ngaphansi kwalo i-grid-umgoqo wezinambuzane.
Ukuphefumula Konk uthathe isinqumo sokungadali indlela eyakhayo, kepha wathatha i-master-ridge master plus (ephakathi neMelika). I-IT kanye nekhwalithi yokupholisa umoya okunikeza okufanele, futhi izinambuzane zivikelwe, futhi ezimpahleni kulula. Yebo, futhi kubiza okungabizi kakhulu: izindleko zento eyodwa zingama-ruble angama-1,2m acishe abe ngu-800. Njengoba besho elula, kodwa isinqumo esihlakaniphile.
Umbono we-Specialist
Okuvame ukuhlangana namaphutha alandelayo kudivayisi yophahla lwe-attic: Ukufakelwa okuphelele kwesikhala se-undergraduate (ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow, ubukhulu bokufakelwa kumele okungenani bube ngu-200mm); 2- Ukungabikho ngokuphelele noma ukuphefumula komoya omncane wokungena ngaphansi koboya boboya bezimbiwa phansi; 3- Ukudideka komugqa we-vapor kanye nolwelwesi olungavunyelwanga amanzi; Ukubekwa kwama-membranes hhayi uhlangothi olufanayo (odidekile ezindaweni ezingaphandle nezingaphakathi zendwangu); Ukufakwa kwekhwalithi okuphansi noma okungalungile kwezindawo ngazinye kanye nezakhiwo zizonke. Ungakugwema kanjani wonke la maphutha?
Imiphumela emithathu. Okokuqala ukulawula inqubo ngokwakho. Kuliqiniso, kungadingeka ukuthi uyeke umsebenzi wakho owuthandayo futhi unikele ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi sokufunda imiyalo. Okwesibili - ukuqasha unjiniyela wokugadwa kwezobuchwepheshe futhi amfundise ukuthi abheke ikhwalithi nokunemba kokwakha. (Kungunjiniyela, hhayi uchwepheshe wokwakha. Lesi sakamuva sikhona ikakhulukazi ukuthola ukuthi ngubani ofanele noma abakhi?) Futhi ekugcineni, abakhi uqobo. Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi ukwakhiwa kokwamukelwa okungaguquki kwemisebenzi kuyasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwakha, ngoba womabili amaqembu akha ngezikhathi ezithile futhi asayine "ngezenzo zokwamukelwa komsebenzi ocashile", ngaleyo ndlela anikeze imvume yezenzo ezengeziwe. Kulokhu, inqubo yokwakhiwa kwendlu ngayinye ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelanayo futhi isungule imali etholwayo ngakunye kwinkontileka, kanye nenqubo yokukhokha. Kwesinye isimo, lapho ikhwalithi yomsebenzi ingathobeli imigomo enikezwe yimigomo yenkontileka, amaqembu yiyona ebizwa nge- "Defrectict Act", ethobela isikhathi esikhonjwe . Isigaba esisha somsebenzi wokwakha kufanele siqale kuphela ngemuva kokuqeda iziphambeko ezichazwe eMthethweni, bese usayina isenzo sokwamukelwa kokwamukelwa.
Ngakho-ke yini into entsha yombono? Konke kulula. Ukusayina Umthetho, nakanjani uzoshiya into (lokhu ngokwemvelo kuzodinga isikhathi), futhi abakhi bangempela bakukhombisa imiyalo noma izincomo zendlela yokubeka eyodwa noma enye indlela, bese bekhombisa ukufakwa kwe Okukhonjisiwe "Ngokwemvelo" - entweni, izithombe ezenziwe ngesikhathi somsebenzi ,.d. (Ngendlela, abaholi abathuthukile bezinkampani zokwakha ngale ndlela bathatha imisebenzi.) Futhi uze uqiniseke ukuthi konke kuqediwe kahle, ungasayini lutho ngezenzo. Makube lapho ungathola khona amadokhumenti adingekayo (izixhumi, izincomo, imiyalo yomenzi wayo.d.) nokuthi ungakufakazela kanjani ukulunga kwawo, ikhanda libuhlungu abavela kubakhi. Kepha hhayi wena.
USergey Zelensky, Umqondisi Wenkampani "Ubuchwepheshe Ozimele Wekhwalithi Yokwakha"
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani yePetrostil (Rovaniemi Tradem), "Ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwekhwalithi yokwakhiwa", kanye no-A. Tadzhiev no-A. Kharkovsky ngosizo lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.