Izici zeZindlu Nezindlu kanye Nezindlu Zokubanjiswa Kwabathengi: Ukufana kanye nokwehluka, izinzuzo kanye nodisi, izimiso zomsebenzi
Ukuthenga ifulethi, njengoba wazi, udinga inani elikhulu, kepha akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ungenza ukuthenga okunjalo kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezikhethekile. Imalimboleko kanye nokwabelana ngokuhlanganyela ekwakheni kuvame kakhulu. Ama-Coaleratives ezindlu kanye nokuqongelela awathandwa kakhulu, futhi uxolo ...
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokubamba iqhaza ku-Neiving Nearcome Cooperative iqhathaniswa nokusebenza kahle kwempahla okukhohlisayo kwempahla ebongiwe kanye nokusebenziseka kalula: Ku-LNA thatha konke, ngaphandle kwalokho, imali mboleko inesithakazelo. Umnikazi wamasheya kufanele akhokhwe minyaka yonke ama-3-5% wezimali ezibolekwe, eziyizimali zobulungu empeleni bese uya kokuqukethwe kwabasebenza ngokubambisana
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamabhange wokonga wokwakha: izindlu kanye nokubambisana ngokubambisana (LNN) kanye nokubambisana kwempahla yabathengi (Peak). Lezi zinhlangano zingabazondela imiphakathi yemalimboleko yemalimboleko yangaphambi kokuguqula. Manje kuleli, ngokusho kwensizakalo yentela yenhlangano, kuneminye imibambiso yezindlu eyizinkulungwane ezine. Kunzima impela ukuthola izici zabo, kepha sizozama.
Ukufana nokwehluka
Endalweni yayo yezomthetho, ama cooperatives ezindlu angenzi nzuzo, okusho ukuthi amalungelo okuthenga ngokuzimela, ukuthengisa, awanayo imali yokutshala imali ekufezeni. Umsebenzi wabo ukutshala imali yabahlanganyeli babo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Usihlalo neBhodi kulawulwa yi-GilkKoperative, kanye nezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezamukelwa emhlanganweni jikelele wabaninimasheya.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LNA ne-Peak? Ukubambisana kwezindlu nokuqongelela kuletha ukubolekwa kwemali ebolekweni kwendlu, imali yokutshala imali, amasibambisane wezezindlu kanye nokwakha. Ekusebenzeni, lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abasesilinganisweni sabantu abangama-50-5,000 (inombolo enikeziwe ihlinzekwa ngumthetho wobumbano ka-December 30, 2004. Ukushiwo ngomthetho, kwanelisa isidingo sezakhiwo zokuhlala ngokuhlanganisa iminikelo emibili. Ukuze ube ngumnikazi wePiek LNG angakwazi kuphela ngemuva kokucisha i-pai.
Isikimu sokubambisana kwezindlu kanye nokubambisana
1. Ukwakheka kweqembu le-Initiative ngesisekelo sesivumelwano seSikhwama Esijwayelekile, imali esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu
2. Isimemo sokubamba iqhaza kwabadobi. Ukuphela kwesidingo sokufaka isandla ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhokha umnikelo wokuqala, kanye nokwenza izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke zokukhokha imali mboleko
3. Ukunqwabelana kwama-30-50% wezindleko zefulethi kwi-akhawunti yomuntu siqu
4. Ukuthengwa kwefulethi
5. Ukukhokhwa kwemali esele yemalimboleko ku-cashier of the Housengoperative
Umthetho okhethekile omapradifela wempahla yabathengi adalulwanga, ngakho-ke imisebenzi yabo ilawulwa yi-Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Imisebenzi ephakeme (kanye ne-LNG) ayinalayisensi, kepha, njenganoma iyiphi inhlangano esemthethweni, ingaphansi kokubhaliswa kombuso. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Peak ufana nenhloso ye-LNG, noma kunjalo, ilungu lephakeme lithola izindlu ngobunikazi beSungeli Lobomboleko, okungukuthi, ngokushesha lithola indawo yokukhokha kubhejwa ku-counterative.
Umehluko ulele eqinisweni lokuthi imisebenzi ye-LNG iphatha ukulawula okuqinile kombuso, futhi kusiza kuphela. Izindinganiso zezezimali Ukuqina kwezezimali kungatholakala ngazo ukuqina kwezezimali kunquma insizakalo yezimakethe zezimali. OKUFANELEKILE, hlola ukuthi kungenzeka kube nobambise ukufeza izibopho zayo esikhathini esifushane nasona isikhathi eside, ukulinganisela kwemali mboleko, ukulandela izinkambiso ezisunguliwe zokubambezeleka kwezikweletu okuvumelekile namanye amapharamitha. Umsebenzi we-Peak ulawulwa yizidumbu zombuso jikelele, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekiswa kokuqina kwezezimali akwenziwa.
Ukubamba iqhaza esiqongweni ngokuvamile kuyingozi enkulu kunase-LNA. Ukuchazwa okulula: okuwukuphela kwesiqinisekiso sokulondolozwa kwezimali kanye nokuthengwa kwezindlu zabaninimasheya pic-charter we-counterrative. Ngokusho kwakhe, indlela yokubambisana kwempahla ebomvana yakhiwa kuphela lapho kuphela izindleko zabaninimasheya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhula kwesikhwama, udinga ukugcwala kwabafundisi abasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-LNG ezibophelweni zayo ihlangabezana nempahla yayo, kepha inani eliphakeme alinawo umsebenzi onjalo. Kumtshalizimali, lokhu kungahle kufuzwe ngeqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kokubambisana kwe-pai yalo kuzonyamalala ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo.
Imodeli yomsebenzi weZilkoperative
Masikhumbule imodeli yemalimboleko yokuthengwa kwefulethi. Uthola imvume yebhange ekukhisheni imalimboleko, funa ifulethi, ulethe ama-30-50% wezindleko zezindlu, kanye nenkokhelo yokuphumula ngokufakwa kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-10-25. Ngasikhathi sinye, efulethini lihlala ligcwele ibhange, yize selivele lisendaweni yakho. Ukuze wenze kabusha noma wenze ukulungiswa, udinga ukucela imvume ebhange, futhi ngaphambi kokuqoqa ukubhalisa umuntu ovela kumalungu omndeni endaweni yakho yokuhlala, kuzofanele ubeke iBhangetsheni.
Umlando we-LNG ne-Peak
Ukufaka ikhodi yokulondolozwa kokonga imali kukhunjulwa kancane kancane ngamabhange wempahla ebanjiswayo, futhi eFrance, ukonga zokwakha kwakuhlale kuqongelelwa emabhange, kuma-akhawunti akhethekile wokonga izindlu.
... nathi. Ama-progenitors ama-conatios wanamuhla wokonga wokonga avele kuma-60s kuma-60s. I-XIX., Lapho umphakathi wemalimboleko yemalimboleko yemalimboleko ehambisanayo, umphakathi wemalimboleko ye-Mutual, ubudlelwano be-mutual, ubudlelwano bobunzima bobuhle, bakhelwa ukuzothenga umhlaba ngosizo lweBuler Gaming Bank. Kamuva, imiphakathi yabathengi kanye nama-cooperaties abathengi bempahla yokuthengwa kwezimpahla nokuthenga nokuhweba kwakhiwa. Kodwa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo okunjalo, njengaseYurophu nase-United States, izinkampani zokwakha azitholanga. Mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu kwaba khona isikhathi eside sobukhona be-serefdom, futhi kungenzeka kube nezindlela eziqinile emnothweni ... amaWistorics Ayikho impendulo eqondile.
Ngemuva kwe-Okthoba Revolution, uhlelo lokusebenzisana kwabathengi seluphenduke isakhiwo sezwe, sangasese sasingakhuthaziwe. Kwenzeka ushintsho olukhulu ekugcineni kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, lapho kuvela ama-copeanative akhethekile abathengi: izindlu nokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwezimboni, ukwakhiwa kwegarage. Idale izinto zezezakhiwo zezezakhiwo kwakuyimpahla yezenhlalo yamalungu e-cooperatives akhethekile, amalungu awo angelokuphela kwelungelo lokusebenzisa. Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, uMbuso unciphise usizo lwamamasipala okwakha, lokhu kwaholela ekutheni izinhlangano ezinjalo azisakhiwanga, futhi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s. Xx in. Ngokuvamile baqala ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesibazi.
Kuze kube manje, ukubamba iqhaza kumamabandla okubanjwa akuthandwa njengokubolekwa kwebhange. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inhlangano yama-cooperatives folk eRussia yadalwa kuleli, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama cooperatives zokwakha ziyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Izinhlelo ezihlanganayo nezindlu zokwakha zivaliwe, ukugcwala kwamalungu amasha akudingeki. Umnikeli ofanayo esigabeni esiqoqisayo sokubamba iqhaza kwakhe ohlelweni ngumbolekisi wabanye abaninimasheya, futhi esiteji esilandelayo, sesivele sibolekwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinsizakusebenza zemali azikhangwa emakethe yezimali yangaphandle, ehlisa kakhulu izindleko zemalimboleko. Izimo ezifanayo zokuhlinzeka ngemalimboleko ezinhlelweni eziqoqiwe ezingeni elincane kuncike esimweni semakethe.
Kunenye inzuzo: kunokuncipha kwesikhathi sokulinda ukuthenga indawo ethengiswayo futhi kunciphe usayizi weminikelo. Ukudonswa konyaka kwesikhwama sokubhuka kwesikhwama se-Housengoperative, esakha okungenani ama-1.5% kasayizi wemalimboleko, ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwesimo kubalwa ngezindleko zezindlu ezithengiwe.
Lapho ungena eHilloperative, ubhala isitatimende lapho ucacisa khona izidingo zakho zefulethi: inani lamakamelo, i-General Metrar, indawo ye-.d. Inani elinembile lemakethe yemakethe linquma izindleko ezilinganiselwe zezindlu. Kuzohambisana nesakhamizi esihambisa isitatimende sokwamukelwa kumalungu okubambisana, futhi sikhombise isinqumo sikasihlalo wokubambisana kokwamukelwa kwezakhamizi kumalungu e-LNA. Ngemuva kokutholwa noma ukwakhiwa kokubambisana kwelungu lezakhiwo zendawo yokuhlala, ubukhulu bomnikelo wesabelo bucaciswe ngesisekelo senani langempela lesakhiwo esitholiwe noma esakhiwe ngesinqumo soMuntu wabambisane, ohlanganiswe nelungu le-LNA.
Sibala: Ukubamba iqhaza kweLingoperative, sithenga indawo efulethini elibiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezi-5. Vumela usayizi wemalimboleko wemalimboleko ulingane nengxenye yezindleko zefulethi, okungukuthi, ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-2,5. Inani lezimali zobulungu ukunquma ngokuya ngezinkomba ezimaphakathi zama-cooperatives asebenza njengamanje - 5% kasayizi wemalimboleko (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-125). Kanye nama-ruble acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezingama-75. (I-1.5-3% yosayizi wemalimboleko) ngonyaka kufanele idluliselwe esikhwameni sokubhuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezinkokhelo lizokwandiswa ngenani lentela emholweni womuntu ngamunye (selokhu imalimboleko yemali imali mboleko yamahhala ilingana nokuthola izinzuzo ezibonakalayo) - Inzalo yokusebenzisa imali mboleko ibaliwe, kususelwa ku I-3/4 yesilinganiso samanje sokuphinda icwengezelwe esisungulwe yiCentral Bank ngosuku lokuthola imali enjalo. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi wamasheya weJilkkoperative uzokhokha ama-ruble angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-250. ngonyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, umnikelo waminyaka yonke lapho ushiya ukubambisana ku-Depositor kuzobuyiselwa.
Izinzuzo futhi Zibona
Ngokujoyina i-zhilkoperative, azikho izinqubo zokuqala ezinde ezidingekayo, lapho uxhumana nebhange ngemalimboleko yemalimboleko; Ayikho imikhawulo phansi, ubudala, isimo somshado, ayikho indawo yokuhlala;
Akunasidingo sokuqinisekisa imali oyitholayo uma kubhekwe noma ukucinga iziqinisekiso;
ingathengwa indawo yokuhlala kunoma yikuphi ukukhokhwa kwezwe lethu;
Njengoba iminikelo ehambisanayo ingasetshenziselwa kuphela ukuthenga noma ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, ama-cooperatives ezindlu athembekile impela, ngaphandle kwalokho, ancike ekucwaningweni okuphoqelekile konyaka;
Abaninimasheya wemali babhekwa ngokuhlukile: imali yobulungu kanye nekusasa kufakwa kuma-akhawunti asebhange ngamanye, okungukuthi, imali ayihlanganisiwe futhi isetshenziswe kuphela kwizinhloso ezichazwe ngokuqinile;
Efulethini lithengwa ngemuva kokuxhumana nalomnikazi wamasheya futhi ngokuhambisana nalezi zidingo azichazile esitatimendeni lapho ejoyina iZhilkoperative;
Ngaphambi kokuthenga izindlu, ilungu lokubambisana kwezindlu lingashintsha izidingo zalo ngalo, kanye nenani lokukhokha njalo ngenyanga, igama nenani lokuqongelela, linciphise isikhathi sokuthola imali esele yomnikelo owabiwe;
Ifulethi lingangena lapho i-1/3 yenani layo lemakethe iqoqwe (inqobo nje uma indlu isivele yakhiwe);
Kungenzeka uvivinye izindleko zezindlu ezitholakalayo njengomnikelo wokuhlangana, kanye nokusetshenziswa kosizo lwezezimali olunikezwe abaqashi, izinyunyana zabasebenzi noma izihlobo nabangane;
Idiphozithi yakho yeholo inelungelo lokudlulisa, ukuthengisa noma ukunika elinye ilungu le-Housingo-perber; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathembela ekuthengweni kwamakamelo amabili ngasikhathi sinye, ngokwesibonelo, abazali nezingane;
Ingxenye esele yomnikelo wokuhlangana ingakhokhwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi uma kwenzeka ukuphuma kusuka ezindlini, inani lemali yobulungu ukubuya.
Manje- Mayelana nezimo. Noma yimuphi amaHilelOperative aphakamisa ingozi enkulu kunempahla ebanjiswayo. Ibhange lizinzile kakhulu, futhi ukubambisana kungaba inhlabathi evundile yabakhwabanisi.
Ama-Reler Rejecter Cooperatives (Peak) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kufanele aguqulwe abe yi-LNA. Inkinga ukuthi yize ubukhona bendawo ephakeme abuphikisani nalo mthetho, kunoma yimuphi umthetho imisebenzi yabo ayibonakali. I-ATEA isho ukuthi noma yisiphi isikhalazo enkantolo ngesikhalazo ngezenzo zenani eliphakeme, bona, ngokungafani ne-LNA, abanasibopho sezibopho zabo zempahla.
Yini ezuzisa kakhulu ukuthatha imalimboleko yasebhange noma ujoyine i-LNG? Izincomo zethu: Hlola zonke izinketho, nquma amathuba ethu ezezimali futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwazisa ukwethenjwa kwaleyo nhlangano, okuhloselwe ukuthenga ngayo efulethini.