Izinhlelo zokudonsa emaphandleni: Izinhlobo, izinto zokwakha kanye nokuhlunga kwezinto ezidliwayo, izici ezikhuphukayo, izinhlelo zokudonsa komhlaba, imithetho yokunakekela.
1 - Ukuqoqa ama-drains;
I-2-main drain;
Imithombo ebuyekezwe kathathu ngezihlakala;
4- Iqoqo lamanzi le-4
Isayithi lengadi kanye nendawo yokwakha ingamiswa ngezinhlelo ezizimele zokudonsa amanzi
Ama-Dranes anamathisela esihlahleni kahle kunoma iyiphi i-angle enezinto eziguqukayo
Amanzi angakhishwa emfuleni oseduze. Amatshe ahlotshisiwe ahlotshisiwe
Cishe ama-90% ama-drains anamuhla. Kunconywa ukuhlanganisa i-geotextile noma i-coconut fiber
Izingxenye zezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi:
I-1-drain (ngesihlungi se-geotextile noma ukhukhunathi);
2- ukuguqulwa kwenguquko;
3- esibulalayo;
Ama-4-Tees;
5- pad;
Imithombo engu-6-drainage;
Indandatho yokufaka uphawu engu-7;
8- umsiki we-milling
Imithombo ye-drainage ibeka ezindaweni ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wohlelo - ezingxabanweni zokudla okuphambili ngokuqoqa, ezikhethweni zenethiwekhi. Ukujula kwengxenye ebekiwe ngaphansi kwendawo yomngcele we-DRET kufanele okungenani kube ngu-40cm, ngizoqongelela
Ekupheleni kwenethiwekhi yokubanjwa, ukusuka lapho amanzi anosizo lwepompo akhipha impumuzo
Imvume yamanzi ingasebenza i-cuvette eseceleni komgwaqo
Ukuphela kokuphela kwe-drain kwenziwa ukuze kuhlelwe "ukuhlanza jikelele" - ukugeza uhlelo kusuka
2. Pump;
3. ULuka;
4. Izindandatho zokhonkolo;
5. Isihlungi sevolumu.
Esikhundleni esihle, emi ekugcineni kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi, wonke amanzi ahlanganisiwe ahlangana. Kwesinye isikhathi inikezwa amanzi avela ekutholeni nasekuhlelweni kwamadada akhiwe endlini.
Hhayi ukudonsa okubukeka kahle kahle kungafakwa imaski ekwakheni indlu encane yezitini phezu kwayo
Umgcini wegadi ngamunye uyazi: izitshalo zamanzi zibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ukujuluka kwenhlabathi kuholela ethangeni, nezihlahla, izihlahla, amakhambi aqala ukumpande, kwesinye isikhathi aze afe. Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi luzosiza ukulungisa inani lamanzi esizeni.
Noma yikuphi ukudonsa kuyindlela ebizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuyibeka, kufanelekile ukuthola ukuthi icebo lakho liyahlupheka ngempela kusuka ekulweni komswakama. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi kuncibilika kweqhwa, amanzi amaningi. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo, kuphuma ngoMeyi, kanti kwabanye kubhekwa futhi kukhukhule izitshalo. Izimpande zamasiko ziqala ngokushesha ukucula: Juniper - Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 emi emanzini, eLinden ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15. Izizathu zokuhlaselwa kwenhlabathi zingahluka, okuyinhloko. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aphezulu. Uhlelo lokudonsa kuleli cala lwehlisa izinga labo, futhi esizeni ngaphambi kokuthi "kuza entwasahlobo", izihlahla ziyaqhakaza, ukukhula kwazo kuthuthuka, utshani bazokwenza utshani odla usulu olusheshayo. Isizathu sesibili inhlabathi iphakathi noma i-loam ephakathi. Amanzi awaphandle kwezendlalelo ezingenhla. I-Aesli enenhlabathi esindayo, uzungu futhi luyisicaba, ukugeleza akulona nhlobo. Ekunciphiseni lesi simo, uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi luzosusa ngokushesha amanye amanzi angezekile "aphezulu" azogwema ukubulawa kwezimpande. Imodi ye-hydrological yesimo semvelo nayo incike ekukhululekeni kwe-macro-macro okuphelele: Amanzi anqwabelana kuma-veas noma ePalk. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela endaweni ephumelelayo yasendaweni ephumelelayo, futhi abanikazi ngokwabo bavame ukuvela. Ukungena kokuhlelwa kwesayithi. Izindawo ezibalulekile zambozwa ngokudonsela phansi (amathrekhi, amapulatifomu okuzilibazisa, kanye nezakhiwo, okuholela kubakhi bezemvelo, kanti izindawo ezingalungiswa zingamanzi ama-2-3 amaningi kunaphambi kokwakha.
Utshani bokugcina
Yakha ama-drainages ezimweni ezihlukile: futhi ezindaweni ezintsha ezisanda kufakwa, nakulokho obekulindelwe isikhathi eside, kepha lapho kungazelelwe umbuso we-hyrological ushintsha. Unganquma kanjani ukuthi imvelo iyadingeka yini ukudonsa? I-nonspecialist ingazulazula ezimpawu eziqondile. Isibonakaliso esibi, uma amanzi noma izimila ezivumayo zivele esizeni: i-rogoz inezinhlamvu ezincane - sc. Lapho izitshalo ezinamahlahla zivuka "ama-paws" - izimpande zingenamoya, izimpande zifuna ukuphefumula. Impi phansi, ukubona lokho entwasahlobo, inani elikhulu lama-puddes lihlala liqongelela esizeni futhi limi isikhathi eside. Bheka ukuthi utshani buzizwa kahle kanjani, akezwa yini ukuthi izihlahla ziphilile yini. Mhlawumbe lezi zimpawu zizokusiza ukuthi ubhekise kochwepheshe. I-ACTO yenza uma uzungu lusha? Kunconywa ukubheka okwenzekayo esifundeni. Konke ukubuka konke, ngokwesibonelo, kwemba umgodi wokwakhiwa kwekhaya noma umgodi wezinsika zilanda, zinake lapho amanzi akufanele khona nalapho igeleza khona. Funda ngezinga lamanzi emithonjeni, kulo nyaka, esikhathini esidlule futhi ngaphambi kokugcina. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sokugcina ngakho-ke siyadingeka ukomisa inhlabathi noma cha, kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngochwepheshe. Baphenya izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba: bazothatha izilinganiso eziningana, ukubala leli zinga isikhathi esibhekele kakhulu sentwasahlobo nekwindla, nquma ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kosawoti okuqukethwe emanzini aphansi komhlaba. Qiniseka ukuthi unaka ukuthi ngabe i-drainage izungeze indle nendle yemvula. Uma ukubheka izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba kuboniswe ukuthi bagijima eduze (ngaphansi kwe-1m ukusuka emhlabathini womhlaba), - i-drainage kungenzeka.I-pilving nangaphansi komhlaba
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi: Vula futhi uvaliwe. Umnyombo wedivayisi yabo ungaqondakala ngesisekelo samagama.
I-Open Drainage iyinethiwekhi yeziteshi ezivulekile ezisezingeni elithile ukusuka komunye nomunye. Amanzi ageleza kuwo (lapho kungakapheli phansi okungu-bias), khona-ke kungena esiteshini esikhulu, khona-ke - emufeli wamanzi (umfula, isivunguvungu, isivunguvungu i-idr). Imisele iyaqiniswa ngemfucumfucu, ukuze ingafiphali, futhi imiphetho yayo ihlotshiswe ngezimila. Kepha nokho uhlelo oluvulekile alufaki ubuhle bendawo, ngakho-ke alusetshenziswa kaningi. Kuyasiza ukuqeda ngokushesha amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okuyisisekelo kwesiza noma ukuhlelwa kwesiteji salo esihlukile. I-DICTH, yemba ezungeze umngcele wezindawo eziningi zasengadini, empeleni ziyehluka ngamatshe avulekile avulekile.
Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi avaliwe lwama-drain ahlobene, abekwe emhlabathini ngokujula okuthile kanye nesihlungi samatshe esinodaka. Ezindaweni ezisebenzayo zalolu hlelo, ukubuka imithombo ngezihlakala, ezisiza ukuhlanza amanzi futhi alungise ukusebenza kohlelo. Ukunyakaza kwamanzi kunqunywa umehluko ezifundeni ezinikezwe yi-drain slope. Onke amanzi ageleza ngaphezulu kwemisele awela kuqala, okuyinhloko (noma umqoqi, ububanzi kungacishe kube izikhathi ezi-2 ngaphezulu kwe-DRET), ukusuka lapho kuphuma khona ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezahlukahlukene - Samoter noma usebenzisa ipompo. Lapho ukhipha udoti, inkinga yokususwa kwamanzi aqoqekile kungenye yezinto eziphambili. Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi lukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwimibandela yendawo lapho indawo itholakala khona. Kungaba izinhlelo zendle zendawo yemvula, ama-cuvette emigwaqweni, imifula eseduze, imifudlana noma izigodi. Kwenzeka ukuthi lapho kudala amasistimu wokudonsa amanzi avaliwe, akunawo wonke amapayipi, ukubeka itshe elichotshoziwe kuphela emigodini futhi kwesinye isikhathi likufaka nge-geootellits, kepha uhlelo olunjalo luyilungele insiza.
I-Drainage Pad ikuvumela ukuthi unamathisele izingxenye ezintsha ohlelweni ngokwenza incision eseceleni futhi ngaphandle kokususa imisele. I-pad yenziwa ngesimo seteyipu eguquguqukayo, lapho amapayipi afakwe khona ngokuqinile ngamapayipi.
Ake ngizethule: Drend
Imisele ingenziwa ngama-ceramics, izitini, itshe, i-asbestos cement, amapulasitiki. Amapayipi e-Ceramic aphelelwe yisikhathi futhi manje asetshenziswa okungavamile kakhulu, yize impilo yabo yenkonzo ibalulekile: kwezinye izifunda ze-Old Notility, ukudonsa amanzi ngo-ceramic bekusebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-150. Usemende we-Asbestos ungenzeka ngemvelo, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, lokhu okuqukethwe kuvame ukwenqatshelwa. Izinhlelo zokudonsa ezivela ezitsheni noma izitini zithembekile, zihlala isikhathi eside, kepha zibiza kakhulu ipulasitiki. Izinsuku zokugcina zathandwa kakhulu namuhla, zibekwe kumacala angama-90- 95%.Ama-Plastic Crains nawo akhiqizwa ezintweni ezahlukene. Okuyisisekelo - Okuthathu: Ingcindezi ephansi i-polyethylene (HDD), ingcindezi ephezulu i-polyethylene (PVD) ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusekhona ukudonswa okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe okwenziwe nge-PND ne-PVD. Zenzelwe ukubekisa uphawu kuma-5m nokuningi, okudingeka, ngokwesibonelo, ngedivayisi yokuhambisa indle yesiphepho. Ukudonswa kwengqimba elilodwa okwenziwe kuphela ku-PND noma i-PVD, kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe ku-2m ku-2m ukujula. Hlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene ezisebenzela ukudonswa kabusha, ukuguqula nokuthola imephu kukhishwe, kukhiqizwe kusuka ezintweni ezibonakalayo ze-polypropylene zithembekile futhi zibiza kakhulu kunamanye amapulasitiki. Singathenga okokugcina abakhiqizi basekhaya, njengezitshalo ze-gattrabplest kanye nezangaphandle: frnkische (Jermany), i-wavin (denmark), i-anlor (Finland). Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele: Ochwepheshe abaceli bathenge amapayipi ashibhile wokukhiqizwa kwesiPolitha ezimakethe zokwakha: bantekenteke futhi bafakazelwe kabi ekusebenzeni.
I-Plast Plasical yanamuhla iyipayipi elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisiwe. Izibalo ziyadingeka ukuthi amanzi aphenduka akhuphuke endaweni yokuswayipha, usayizi wazo akadlali. Ukonakala nguDrent, okokuqala ukuqinisekisa amandla okucindezela: Kufanele umelase ukucindezela kwenhlabathi kanye nembutho yokucindezela ngesikhathi sokuqanda komhlaba. Okwesibili, ukuze sikunikeze ukuguquguquka: I-drain ehlanganisiwe iyakwazi ukugoba, njengenyoka, ngenxa yalokho akekho noyedwa inhlabathi ebabazekayo. Ukudonswa okunjalo kungabekwa ezingxenyeni ezingathandeki zesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ezizungeze ngaphandle kokufakwa kwandisa izindleko zohlelo. Ububanzi be-drain evamile- 90-110mm, ku-200mm.
I-Logson "A La Drainage"
Izingxenye ezakhelwe zona zisebenza ukuze zixhumane. Lezi zonke izinhlobo zokuhlanganisa, izimbambo, iziphambano, ukususwa kwalo.d. Abakhiqizi baseRussia banikeza uhla olulinganiselwe kakhulu lwamadivayisi okuxhuma amasistimu wokudonsa amanzi. Ake sithi ama-Tees ane-angle echazwe ngokuqinile yokujikeleza: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 noma 87,5. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usebenzise izingxenye ezenziwe ngezizwe, noma ezifuywayo ezihloselwe izinhlelo zokuthuthwa kwendle.
Zonke izingxenye ezibunjiwe ziqinile, ngaphandle kwamandla. Ama-Firms angaphandle akhiqiza amadivaysi athile anokufakwa okuguqukayo (i-harmonica ngokuguqulwa okubili emaphethelweni), okuvumela ukuxhuma imisele kunoma iyiphi i-angle. Idizayini enjalo yenza lula ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zamanzi, kwanele ukufaka ingxenye ebekiwe nokuhlwitha ukhiye.
Bopha bese ubeka ...
I-drain ibekwa emikhondweni enokujula kuka-0.7-1.6 m, yandisa phezulu nge-10-20; Ububanzi bokwehla kwabo ngu-30- 40cm. Uma kwaziwa ukuthi amanzi azofika e-DRET kuphela kusuka phezulu nangaphakathi nezinhlangothi, ipayipi, eligoqwe nge-geocal, lingabekwa ngokushesha ezansi komsele. Noma ukukhulisa ingaphezulu futhi kwakha ukuthambeka okufisayo kuvame ukwenza umcamelo wesihlabathi. Uma i-drain izoqoqa amanzi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, isihlungi esibuyela emuva siqukethe ungqimba lwesihlabathi (5-10 cm) kanye nongqimba wemfucumfucu (5 cm) kuhlinzekwe ngaphansi kwawo. Kwesinye isikhathi isihlungi esibuyiselwe emuva sakhiwe kuphela esihlabathini kuphela. Inkinga yayo ukubambezela uthuli oluncane nezinhlayiya zobumba ezingagoqa ukudlala. Ngaphansi kwamanzi kugeleza okungaphansi kohlangothi nangaphezulu, ngakho-ke isihlungi esihle kakhulu akufanele sibe mkhulu. Kuyo (noma ngokushesha ezansi, njengasesimweni sokuqala), zibekwe yindawo yokuhlwaya, ezungezwe isihlungi sevolumu, noma okokuvikela okuvikelekile: izicubu ze-geo-fiber athile.Ukuhlunga kwama-drain akhethiwe ngokuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Ezimweni "ezisindayo", lapho imisele ebekwe enhlabathini yobumba, isihlungi se-coconut fiber sisebenza kahle kakhulu. Izinkampani eziningana zakwamanye amazwe, ezinjenge-wavin, i-poror, ukunikeza amapayipi asevele esongelwe ngezinto zokuhlunga kakhukhunathi. Izindleko zabo zingaba amahlandla amabili kuya kwezintathu kunokubaluleka kwemisele efanayo ngaphandle kwezihlungi. Amaphaphu akhanyayo namasobho (inhlabathi ekhanyayo, enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezinhlayiya zobumba), kusetshenziswa i-vootetticile yevootextile. Lokhu kukhulu kakhulu (2-4mm) noma izinambitha ezibonakalayo ezinesisindo esingu-250-450 g / M2. Amandla ayo okuhlunga aphansi kunalokho kwe-coconut fiber. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, izihlungi ezimfushane, izingilazi zengilazi nezinye izinto ezifanayo ezinesisindo esingu-150-250 g / M2 zingasetshenziswa.
UDrenu esongelwe ngokuhlunga ulale ngemfucumfucu mayelana ne-1 / 3-1 / 4 ukujula kwemisele. Manje kuthatha itshe elichotshoziwe lengxenyana ephakathi (cishe i-20- 40mm) yeqhwa (cishe iqhwa le-20- 40mm), ngenkathi ngokweqiniso lenza lokhu: ungqimba lokuqala lwengxenye enkulu (40-70 mm), ungqimba lwesibili lwe medium, okokwesithathu (ngaphansi kuka-20mm). Imvamisa ukushuba kokubuyiselwa emuva okungenhla kungama-40 cm. Ungqimba oluncane olukwazi ukuqinisekisa imodi yokungena kwamanzi efanelekile kwi-DRETU - 20cm. Phezu kwe-rubble lalela ungqimba lwe-geotextile ukuvikela ukuxubana kwemfucumfucu futhi kutholakala ngenhla kwezinto eziningi zenqwaba - isihlabathi (ungqimba onobukhulu obungu-5-10 cm) nenhlabathi evundile (15- 20 cm). Ukuze uhlelo lusebenze ngokuthembekile, ngesinye isikhathi isihlungi sebanga elinezintathu sibekwa ekwakhiweni okuvikela ama-geocanies, izindleko zazo ezingama-ruble angama-30. Nge-1m2. Izindleko ezinjalo zivame ukucaciswa uma uziqhathanisa nezindleko zokunakekelwa kohlelo. Kwesinye isikhathi ipayipi uqobo kuleli cala aliphenduki i-geometane, uhlelo olunjalo luzoshesha ukuvalwa kanye namathuba okuba ukwakheka kwama-plugs aqinile kulo ngenhla.
Ukujula kwemisele futhi, ngokufanele, ukugeleza kwe-dren kuncike ohlotsheni lomhlabathi, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nakulokho kuzokhula endaweni eyomile. Ngenhlabathi yamaminerali, ukujula kwe-trench efanele kusuka ku-60-80 kuya ku-120-50cm. Qaphela ukuthi izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ku-60-80cm liyamukeleka kakhulu emibhedeni nasemibhedeni yezimbali, cishe ama-90cm- ezihlahleni zehlathi, 120-50cm- ukuthola izihlahla zezithelo. Lapho kudonswa, kufakwa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba cishe ngo-0.7-0.9 wokujula kwe-drain. Ngendlela, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamahhala kwe-apula, lokhu kujula kufanele kube ngu-2-2,5 m, ama-cherries nama-plums - 1.5-2m, ama-berry shrub (ama-currants, ama-gooseberries, ama-raspberries) - 1-1,5m. Inhlabathi ephumelelayo yonke imisele kufanele ijule kancane kune-100-160 cm, ngoba i-peat ngokuqhubekayo "ihlala phansi" kuyo yonke "impilo yakhe. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu ezintathu: kuxazululwa ingaphezulu ngaphezulu kwe-drain; Hlala ungqimba ngaphansi kwe-drain; I-Peat ibola ngezinto ezingena esimweni esingenamanzi futhi ugeze.
Ukujula kwe-drain kunqunywa kubhekisisa enye into engangeni manzi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-reservoir yamadwala angangeni manzi anciphisa umfutho we-aquifer. Uma i-materproof itholakala eduze komhlaba (ngokwesibonelo, ekujuleni kwama-70 cm), khona-ke indawo ebekiwe ibekwa ekujuleni kokungabi nadlula leli banga. Amanzi azofika kuwo kuphela ohlangothini nangaphezulu. I-KDRANEA, elele ngaphakathi kwe-aquifer, amanzi aqhamuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kodwa, uma ama-marofor etholakala kuwo wonke umkhawulo wepayipi. Isibonelo samandla angenamanzi siyisigubhu esisindayo nenhlabathi yobumba enobunzima bokuhlunga okuncane: Amanzi ngawo adlula kabi noma awadluleli nhlobo. Isibonelo se-aquifer horons - isihlabathi kanye nesihlabathi.
Ukukhetha okuncane kokukhishwa okudingekayo kumanje yamanzi ajwayelekile angamanje kungu-0,003, okungukuthi, 3mm ngobude obungu-1m. Ekusebenzeni, kukhuphuka ku-0.005. Uma ukukhetha kwemvelo kwenhlabathi kubalulekile, kungafinyelela ku-0.01-0.02. Kodwa-ke, imali enkulu ayinconywa ukuthi amanzi ahambe kahle futhi ngokulinganayo. I-drainage kufanele igcinwe icatshangelwe impumuzo, ukuze ingaphikisana nemvelo.
Isinyathelo sokuhlukanisa incike ngohlobo lwenhlabathi. Emhlabathini osindayo, ubumba kanye ne-loamy, ama-drains anezikhathi eziningi: kude ne-4-5 kuye kweli-12-15M. Emhlabathini okhanyayo, uSamp naseSandy, kaningi, ngemuva kuka-20-30m. Kuyasiza ukuthi i-1m ende yokukhipha ikhipha isiza se-10-20m2. Ukukhipha ezemidlalo kanye nezinkundla zokudlala, igebe eliphakathi kwemisele lincishiswa ngesigamu. Akunakwenzeka ukutshala izihlahla eduze kwe-2m ngakwesokunene nangakwesobunxele kwe-drain. Izihlahla (ngokwesibonelo, i-lilac) inconyelwe ukutshala, ukumelana nebanga ku-1m.
Ezansi komthombo
Amanzi e-Drain ahamba kancane, kepha namanje ngejubane elinjalo lelo izinhlayiya ezincane (uthuli, olukhanyisiwe futhi oluncane) lukulo, olungena ezihlungi kanye nokufakelwa eDraz. AmaNans ahlala ekhona kumapayipi, noma ngabe amanzi ngaphambi kokushaya i-drain edlula izihlungi ezintathu noma ezine ezihlukile. Ukuze uthole inethiwekhi ye-drainage, lena yinto engathandeki. Ukukhulula uhlelo kusuka kuma-nanos, imithombo ihlelwe ngezihlakala. Lapho amanzi engena esikhwameni, ijubane lokunyakaza kwalo liyehla futhi izinhlayiya ezimisiwe zihlala phansi komthombo. Imithombo ayigcini ngokuqongelela ama-wipes, futhi asebenza ekuxhumaneni nokuxhumanisa ama-drains, asize ukuwageza futhi alawule ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukujula okuphansi kwendawo ye-sext text ngezansi kokunamathiselwe kwepayipi emthonjeni, 40cm.
Khiqiza imithombo eyenziwe ngokhonkolo eqinisiwe noma emasilini epulasitiki. Ububanzi bamamodeli wepulasitiki ngu-315-600mm. Zenzele amafemu afanayo enza amapayipi. Imithombo yobubanzi obukhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-400mm) eRussia ihanjiswa kuphela ngaphansi kwe-oda. Bangaba nokujula okuhleliwe noma ukuba se-telescopic. Lesi sakamuva silula kakhulu, kodwa futhi sibiza kakhulu - izindleko zabo zifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13-17. Ububanzi bePulasitiki Peror ububanzi 315mm kanye nokujula okungu-1m kungama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,7. Imithombo yokhonkolo imvamisa yakha ububanzi obungu-0.7-1m - abantu behlela kubo. Imithombo emincane kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ipulasitiki, ehlanzekile ngamadivayisi angeziwe angeziwe, njengamakhabethe noma amaphampu akhethekile odaka. Imithombo idinga ukuhlolwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka, isuse amadiphozithi njengoba eqashiwe.
Indawo yemithombo incike ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi. Kungcono ukuthi uzibeke lapho zingenza khona imisebenzi eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka: noma lapho kuhlangana khona lapho kudonswa okuphambili ngokuqoqa umthwalo omkhulu, noma lapho kuphuka khona i-Network Circuit Breaks - lapho kuhamba khona.
Intambo yohlelo lokudonsa amanzi faka kahle. Amanzi wonke avela ohlelweni lwamatshe ahlelwa kabusha bese kuba abagulayo noma ngosizo lwepompo baphonswa ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezahlukahlukene: emafuletho emhlane, ama-cuveette emigwaqweni noma ama-reservors asondelene nawo.
Ngaphezu kwemithombo enezinsimbi, imithombo eminingi yokulawula (emibili noma emithathu) nayo ifakiwe, esebenza ukuthola izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba: ukujula kwesehlakalo sabo kuhlolwa yi-yesithupha. Azifakiwe ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi futhi zime zodwa. Zibeke emaphoyinti aphezulu futhi aphansi kakhulu ohlelweni lwamadada. Uma uzungu lukhulu esigcawini nalo luphakathi. Ububanzi babo bungu-100-150mm. Ama-Wells alawulayo enza ipulasitiki, kepha kwesinye ukholo.
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Imithombo eyenziwe ngezindandatho zikakhonkolo ezinobubanzi obungu-100 noma ngisho nama-70cm, ahlanzekile kalula. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, umuntu wehlela kuzo futhi asuse yonke imizwa eqoqiwe. Kusuka phezulu, yonke imithombo ivaliwe ngezembozo. |
Amaphampu ahlukile ...
Kusetshenziswa amaphampu wokudonsa amanzi uma ama-drainage system atholakala ephakeme kunezinga lamanzi emthonjeni oqhutshwa amanzi. Ake sithi lapho amanzi avela ohlelweni lwamanzi olwenzeka ekujuleni kwama-70cm anikezwe emgodini wesineka kokujula okungama-50cm kuphela. Amaphampu akhethekile wokudonsa amanzi ahlukaniswa ukusebenza okuphezulu (okuphakelayo) kanye nengcindezi encane. Ukuqinisekisa isimilo esinjalo phakathi kwempetha kanye nezindlu zempompo ekwakhiweni, kusele isigaxa esibanzi, esidlula izingxenyana eziqinile eziphakathi nendawo - 8-10mm. Izindlu kanye ne-impeller zenziwa ngopulasitiki, i-iron iron, insimbi. Lezo ezenziwe ngensimbi engenacala zithembeke futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, kepha futhi zibiza kakhulu. Basebenza kangcono kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10, kuyilapho impilo yephampu enendawo yepulasitiki iphakathi kweminyaka engu-1-2.
Lapho kukhethwe ipompo, ukuhlinzekwa kubalwa ngokususelwa kokuthi umthamo wokugeleza kwamatshe u-40-2 uboshwe ngehora "lokuluka". Ukwazi usayizi wendawo ethile, nquma isilinganiso sokugeleza. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukudonsa komhlaba akufanele ungene enethiwekhi ye-drainage. Ukuze uphendule ngamanzi angaphezulu, izici ezichaziwe kufanele zenyuswe ngamahlandla ama-2-3 (idatha yentwasahlobo). Ingcindezi incike ekuphakameni kokuphakamisa amanzi: kubalwa kusuka ezingeni eliphansi lamanzi emthonjeni kuya endaweni ephezulu yokuhanjiswa kwamanzi. Ukulahleka okude kwamapayipi kunqunywa ngochwepheshe ngamafomula athile noma ihluzo. Umthengi naye angaqhubeka futhi eqinisweni lokuthi kuwo wonke amapayipi ayi-10 abuyisiwe (lokhu ububanzi, obulingana nobubanzi bepayipi lokucindezela lempompo noma ngaphezulu) lilahlekile nge-1 m.
Amaphampu we-Drainage Pumps asebenza kusuka kumandla kagesi angama-220-240V akhiqiza izinkampani eziningi: I-Grundfos (Germany, izakhi zamaphampu alo manzi zenziwe ngensimbi engenasici, ngokwesibonelo, njengasemodeli ye-grundfos I-Ebara (Italy); "Gnome", "DJLEKS" (Russia). UDJilex ukhiqiza amaphampu ngaphansi komkhiqizo wokuhweba "drainage". Onke la maphampu afakwe ukushintshwa kokuntanta okuvula ngokuzenzakalelayo iphampu lapho amanzi efika ezingeni elithile.
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Phakathi kwamaphampu okudonsa yiyona ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, izindlu kanye ne-impeller yazo zensimbi engenacala. Basebenza iminyaka eyi-10. |
Ukunakekelwa kwesistimu
Imodi ye-GroundWater inomlingiswa ongumjikelezo. Ukunyuka kwamazinga entwasahlobo yisikhathi esijulile sohlelo lokudonsa nezitshalo. Ehlobo, ukwehla kuphawuliwe, ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokugeza, - futhi ukwanda, ubusika buphinde buyehla. Imvamisa, amanzi ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi awekho, amanzi ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi, ngenxa yokwehlisa amanzi aphansi komhlaba. Ukukhishwa yizindawo ze-Peat: lapho uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi lungasebenza unyaka wonke. Uma kukhona amanzi emiseleni (ungayihlola kahle ngokubuka kahle), ukuqhekeza akufanele kwenzeke noma kunjalo. Amanzi we-B100 mm ahamba ngezinyawo ahamba ngesendlalelo sika-5-10mm. Lonke ivolumu lithatha umoya, elivimbela ukwephulwa kwamapayipi ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-drain izungezwe isihlungi seningi esidlala indima ye-insulator yokushisa yemvelo - iqukethe cishe ama-55% ruble kanye no-45% umoya. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiselela ubusika, awudingi kulondolozwa uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Kufanelekile ukususa iphampu kusuka ku-materproof kahle uma owokugcina engafakwanga. Faka i-Pump Buyela eSthy Snowy, ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho i-drainage ingasebenzi okwamanje.
Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile kwemithombo yama-drainage. Kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-10-15, kwesinye isikhathi kaningi, thwala ukugcwala komhlaba wonke, ukubakhulula kuma-nanos. Kulokhu, ukudonsa ngakunye kufanele kutholakale kusuka emaphethelweni amabili. Enye yazo drainage eseduze kahle. Enhlanganweni yokwesibili esigabeni sokuqala seDrend, kunezingqinamba ngesikhathi sokwakha: ngosizo lwezingxenye ezikhethekile, ipayipi liboniswa ebusweni. Ngesikhathi sokugcwala, ipumpu ngokuhlukile ixhume ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwe-drain, ngaphansi kwengcindezi egijima ngamanzi awo ngezindlela ezimbili. Ukukhishwa, njengayo yonke imithombo yokudonsa amanzi, ikhava ngezembozo ukuvikela uhlelo kusuka kudoti.
Impilo evamile yenkonzo yohlelo lokudonsa amanzi aqoqwe kusuka kumapayipi epulasitiki ayiminyaka engama-50. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ipulasitiki iyawa, kepha eminye iminyaka engama-20 uhlelo luzosebenza ngokuchithwa kwesihlungi esinama-saten amathathu. Izindleko zohlelo lokudonsa amanzi nazo zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo manje manje zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-26. ku- "ukuluka". Umsebenzi wesiteji uvame ukwenziwa ehlobo, kusukela ngoJuni, ngemuva kwehlise izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Ukubopha uhlelo kunconywa ukuqedela ngenkathi, kuyilapho kungashiyi imisele evulekele ubusika. Ngesimo sezulu esihle, kuthatha amasonto ama-2-3.
Abahleli babonga evgenia Muravyeva, evgenia sabo, iTatyana Sasina, inkampani "Vavin Rus", "Studio L-Design" yokusiza lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.