I-Universal Osmos

Ukubuka konke imakethe yamadivayisi wokwelashwa kwamanzi indlu yezwe: imigomo yokusebenza kweyunithi yokuhlunga kwe-osmosis ehlekisayo.

Abakhi bezakhiwo

A. UFowse

I. Nikulin

Isithombe P. Lebedev,

A. Sipulin

Ukufakwa kususelwa ku-Reverse Osmosis Com 0 1000-16 Umkhiqizi

1m3 / h

"Cominteks- ecology"

BWT.

Ukufaka

I-Profil v 3000 kuphela esithombeni ibukeka njengethoyi. Ukukhulelwa uyakwazi ukunikela ngamanzi amsulwa angama-3m3 ngehora

"Osmosis"

Amathangi - Amanzi Amanzi Ahlanzekile azothatha indawo encane kakhulu uma uwabeka komunye nomunye.

"I-geyser"

"I-geyser"

Hlehla

Ukufakwa kwe- "Geyser-Prestige" (a) Umkhiqizi

Kufika ku-200L / Usuku ngomgomo ungabizwa ngokuthi isihlungi sendlu. I-Avot "Geyser Ro12" (b) ngepharamitha efanayo kuya ku-3M3 / h kulokhu ayinakuthiwa

Emamojula we-membrane (dt) membrane, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kungenzeka ukuthi athathe isikhundla solwelwesi ngamuntu ngamunye angenele ukungabekezeleleki. Amadivayisi anjalo we-rochem enza ngempumelelo futhi asebenzisa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.

Rochem.

Amamojula Omusha Omusha

I-ST (Spacer Tube Module) iyi-hybrid of discotor kanye ne-roll Elements: Akekho onamathiselwe kwi-tube ephakathi ephakathi, kodwa ubuningi bamaphakethe we-membrane, okuthi ukuhlanganiswa okugoqwe ku-wurmal

"I-Helios Star"

Lapho udala ukufakwa komkhiqizi okuphezulu

Kunezindlela ezimbili. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kolwelwesi olukhulu lwemali kufanelekile kakhulu embonini.

"Osmosis"

Icebo

Som cishe 500-12.

Qedela ngamathangi ama-membrane kanye nohlelo lokuthambisa amanzi komthombo

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-membrane unit:

1 - Ukuqala Amanzi;

2 - Iphampu ekhulisa ingcindezi;

Amanzi ahlanziwe (filtrate);

4- ulwelwesi;

5- Ukugxila okudonswe ukudonsa

"Osmosis"

Indlela yesibili yokwandisa umenzi

Ukukhuphuka kwenani lama-membranes. Uma ku-SOM cishe ngo-500-12 (0.5 m3 / h) izinto ezimbili ezigoqiwe, bese kuthi-ke ku-2000-16 (2M3 / H) - eziyisishiyagalombili. Zitholakala ngokuqondile, ukuze ukufakwa kuthatha indawo ephansi

Umdwebo wenqubo yokuhlunga ngokubuyela emuva

I-Cheek membrane:

1 - Ukuqala Amanzi;

Amanzi ahlanjwe;

3 ulwelwesi;

Ungqimba olunezinhlobo ezi-4;

5- gxila

"I-Helios Star"

"I-Helios Star"

Uma amanzi emthonjeni ehlanzekile, khona-ke kukhona isihlungi esijwayelekile nama-pores anobubanzi obungu-5 mkm, njengoba kufakwe i-RO2. Uma kunokungcola okuningi, khona-ke ngokunqoba uzodinga iqoqo lonke le-cartridge noma eligeleza

Ukufakwa kwayo kwe-membrane kochungechunge lwe-UO ngokuya ngomenzi

Ukunikezwa kwe-BWT, ubukhulu (kanye nalokhu) BWT kunikeza zombili izinhlobo zamaphephadonga kanye (b)

Ukufakwa kwe-WPC 600 Krcher Series Kukhishwe ngezinhlobo ezintathu: FW Cleats Amanzi Amasha,

Bw- Solonovatuyu

kanye ne-SW-Maritime. Ngemithombo namapayipi amanzi ezimweni eziningi, uhlelo lwanele kuhlobo lwe-FW

Krcher.

Uhlelo lwe-WTC500 lokulungiselela uhlelo, oluqukethe amamojula amathathu: ukudilizwa, ukuthambisa kanye nokubulala amagciwane

"Cominteks- ecology"

Njengomthetho, kumaphasiphothi wezilungiselelo ze-Osmosis Reverse (ngokwesibonelo, i-Atoll Ro), ukusebenza kukhonjiswa ngokushisa kwamanzi 15c. Ukubika le pharamitha ku-25c, abakhiqizi beqaqa ngokweqile

"Cominteks- ecology"

Idivaysi ye-roll element:

1- I-tube ye-purtcated ekhishwe kuyo;

Igridi engu-2- Isihlukanisi;

3 - I-Grainage gasket;

4- membranes

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kuyimfanelo ebaluleke ngokulinganayo yendlu yanamuhla egcinwe kahle kune, ngokwesibonelo, i-boiler. Ngemuva kwakho konke, akukho kuphela amanzi abawaphuza, kodwa namanzi adla amadivaysi abizayo abizayo, imishini yokuwasha, ama-boilers. Ngamandla ayo aphansi, inqubo ingahle yehluleke.

Kulesi sihloko, siyaqhubeka nesihloko sokuhlunga kwasendlini. Ukubuyekezwa kwethu kunikelwe kumadivayisi akwazi ukuhlinzeka ngekhwalithi yokuphuza amanzi ngokuphelele wonke amaphuzu asuselwa emanzini abekwe ezindlini zangasese. Sizoxoxa ngezihlungi ze-membrane zisebenzisa umgomo we-osmosis okuhlekisayo. Ngenxa yokufakwa okunjalo, kungaba yiphupho lephupho hhayi kuphela abanikazi bamakhethini amasha, kodwa futhi nabo bonke abahlali bezwe lethu ukugeza bageze amanzi amsulwa, agelezelwe kunoma iyiphi i-crane endlini.

Bheka esikhathini esedlule

Umcimbi wokungena ngokuzenzakalelayo kwama-molecule wamanzi ube yisixazululo esigcwele ngokwengeziwe ngefilimu eliminyene le-porous le-organic (membrane), lalivulwa ngo-1748. Kuvulwe amakhulu amabili eminyaka, ososayensi bafunda le nqubo emangalisayo. Ekupheleni kweziphetho eJalimane, kwenziwa ulwelwesi lokufakelwa ngemuva kwempi yezwe yokuqala. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kubo kwaqala kuphela kuma-60s. I-XXV., Lapho kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke ngobuchwepheshe inqubo yokubuyisela emuva kwe-Osmosis-Ukuhlungwa kwamanzi ngaleli membrane. Amadivaysi akhiqizwe mahhala akhiqizwayo lapho inqubo ye-osmosis ehleliwe yasetshenziselwa izidingo zemikhumbi. Kancane kancane, imishini yama-membrane enamandla yaqala ukusebenzisa amabhizinisi ezimboni nezitshalo ezikhiqiza iziphuzo ezahlukahlukene. I-Asekhnika yaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono. Kepha ngisho eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, akekho owacabanga ukumnikeza inkampani eyayize yaba yizindleko.

Ekuseni, ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, isithombe sesishintshile: Ama-membranes awile kakhulu, ukusebenza kuncishisiwe, ukufakwa kwanda, ukuphepha kokusebenza kwawo kukhuphukile. Ungasho ukuthi, i-boom entsha isiqalile kwinqubo ye-membrane, kwathi okokuqala, ekhaya. Hlobo luni lwamadivayisi aseRussia anikezwa khona manje?

Imiqondo eyisisekelo

I-osmosis. Umqondo we- "Osmosis" usho inqubo yokuxhaphaza ama-molecues wamanzi kusuka kusisombululo esiphansi sokuhlushwa kusisombululo esiphezulu esinezingcezu eziphakeme zokwehlukanisa (ukwahlukanisa okudlulisela ama-molecule amancane ancibilikisiwe, kepha kungafinyeleleki kuma-molecule amancane ancibilikisiwe. ). Lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube yilapho ukuqondanisa kokugxila kosawoti kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zolwelwesi zifinyelelwa. Lapho-ke okubizwa ngokuthi ukulingana kwezingcindezi ze-osmotic kwenzeka.

Buyisela emuva i-osmosis. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwengcindezi kusuka kusisombululo ngesixazululo esiphakeme sosawoti (kufanele kube ngaphezulu kwe-osmotic), ungashintsha indlela yokuhamba kwama-molecule wamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzothola isisombululo ngokuqukethwe kukasawoti okuphezulu ngokugxilwe kakhulu. Umphumela uzophakamisa inqubo, ukubuyisela emuva i-osmosis. Ibizwa nge-reverse osmosis. Cishe kubukeka njengokucindezela kwama-molecule amanzi ngolwelwesi olungavunyelwe khona. Ukushaya amanzi okuqala kuhlukaniswe imifudlana emibili: i-filtrate (amanzi ahlanziwe), angena kumthengi, kanye nesixazululo (esigxile (isixazululo esigxile kakhulu) - kukhishwe emanzini. Isilinganiso sabo se-volumetric sisuka ku-0.5: 1 kuya ku-4: 1.

Izinga lokuhlukaniswa ngolwelwesi liphezulu kakhulu, ngoba ukungcola kwalo okudlula usayizi wama-pores olwelwesi, ngokungakwazi ukungena kulo. Okuhlukile kungukuphela kwenani elincane lamanye ama-ion ane-monadent. Ama-microorganisms, afaka amagciwane, amagciwane, kanye ne-radionuclides kanye nezinto eziphilayo ze-membrane zibambezelekile ngokuphelele. Ngisho nokuwohloka okukhulu kumapharamitha wamanzi okuqala, ikhwalithi yokuhlanzwa izophakama ngokungaguquki.

I-osmosis ekhishini

Ama-Firms amaningi asekhaya nawokwamanye amazwe akhiqiza izilungiselelo ze-Osmosis ezihlekisayo. Zenzelwe ukusebenza okuthile. Ukupheleliswa kanye nohlelo lweyunithi yeyunithi sizobheka isibonelo sedivayisi yesigaba samanani esivamile sochungechunge lwe-RO2 (I-Helios Star, Russia).

Ekuqaleni, amanzi angena ekuhlungeleni kwangaphambi kokuhlanzwa kwangaphambili ngama-pores ama-microns ayi-5. Inhloso yalesi sihlungi ukuvikela ulwelwesi oluvela kwizinhlayiya ezincane, olulethwe umfudlana. Okulandelayo, kukhona ukwanda kwengcindezi ye-rotor pump, ibekwe emzimbeni kusuka ethusi (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi noma insimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engagqwali (ukuguqulwa kwensimbi engabi Le ngxenye yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngengcindezi yokusebenza yohlobo lwe-osmosis olubuyela emuva ngezinga le-15 ATM. Ukulandela ama-membranes amabili aqokiwe aphezulu aphezulu angu-2540 (ama-polyamide ahlanganisiwe we-polyamide, ububanzi obungu-2,5 nobude obungamasentimitha angama-40) ezindlini ze-fiberglass (zimelana nengcindezi kuze kube yi-ATM 30). Ingcindezi ephezulu eyenziwe yipompu isekelwa kuphela ngaphakathi kokufakwa kanye nohlelo lokusabalalisa lwamanzi aludluliselwa kokufakwayo kokuhlunga, kukhishwe i-Feed Valve e-Inlet kuya kusihlungi, futhi kukhishwe ingcindezi yokunciphisa.

Ukufakwa kufakwe ne-valve yezokuphepha: i-valve ye-solenoid (ukusika) kanye nenzwa yokucindezela evikela impompo kusuka ku- "stroke owomile" ibekwe kokufakwayo. Ukuze uthole ingcindezi yamanzi emnyango kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza "Pumperity" ama-Gauges amabili wengcindezi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanjululiwe namanzi akhishwe emaphethelweni alawulwa ama-rotamter amabili. Ukufeza ukugeza kwe-hydraulic kwe-membrane, uhlelo luhlanganisa i-solenoid valve yesibili kanye nokulawula ama-valve ensimbi engagqwali.

Ilawula isilawuli sokufaka esibekwe ecaleni lepulasitiki elivikelayo. Ngokuguqulwa okubili kwe-RO2, kwethulwa ngokuguqulwa okubili: e no-R. Isilawuli seFomu E siqukethe iyunithi lokulawula ipompo, izinkomba zokugeza ezisebenzayo, ama-Hydraulic wokuwasha wesikhathi kanye nezixhumi zezinzwa zangaphandle. Isilawuli se-P sifakwe isibonisi sedijithali, i-counter time yedivayisi kanye nomqhubi wedijithali, obheka ukuvumelanisa kwamanzi endaweni yokuphuma kwamamojula we-membrane (ngale ndlela ikhwalithi yayo ibhekwa). Yonke imishini efakwe kuhlu ilungisiwe kufreyimu efakwe ekhoneni lensimbi.

I-Reverse Osmosis Filtration Unit Ro2 imvamisa itholakala egumbini elingaphansi noma egumbini le-cottage boiler. Ngasikhathi sinye, ihlinzeka ngokusebenza kuze kufike ku-0.4 m3 / h. Izindleko zamanzi ahlanziwe angu-1m3 acishe abe ngama-ruble ayi-8. Njengokulindelekile, ngesikhathi semithwalo ephakeme (ngokwesibonelo, lapho yonke imindeni ibuya ngasikhathi sinye emsebenzini futhi wonke umuntu wayefuna ukugeza noma ukugeza) ngokusobala akwanele. Rarulula inkinga izosiza ithangi lokugcina lamanzi ahlanzekile (insimbi noma i-polymer). Isitsha salo sibalwa ngokuya ngenombolo yamaphoyinti wokuhlukanisa wamanzi kanye nevolumu yamanzi adliwe. Ngokwenqubo efanayo, kepha isivele icubungula ithangi, ukusebenza kwezithako uqobo kunqunywe. Ukusebenza kusethi ngethangi, ukufakwa kwe-RO2 kufakwe ukushintshwa kokuntanta, kuyacima lapho ugcwalisa ithangi futhi kufaka phakathi lapho uyithulula.

Ukuqedwa kokufakwa okucatshangelwe, ngombono wethu, okujwayelekile kakhulu - ukubukeka okufanayo okufana namadivayisi alula nabanye abakhiqizi kubukeka sengathi. Kepha ungacabangi ukuthi imakethe ikhawulelwe kulezi ziphakamiso. "Inkanyezi efanayo" ye-Helios Star "ikhiqiza uchungechunge olubili lwezilungiselelo ze-Osmosis Reverse: RO2 enomthamo we-0.075-0.34m3 / h ne-RO4 REAKE- 0 Ikusasa sizocubungula ama-aggregates ahlinzeka ngaphezu kwe-3M3 / H).

Uchungechunge loMholi we-RO4 lufana ne-RO2, kepha ulwelwesi lwama-membranes 4040 (ububanzi kanye nobude - amasentimitha angama-40 - kufika ku-0.6 m3 / angezwa amamodeli wokuguqulwa p). I-pump-dispenser ingafakwa esikhundleni nge-chipper nge-inhibitor eyomile. Umsebenzi we-Inhibitor uvinjelwe ukuwa yilokho okwenziwa ngosawoti wokuqina ku-membrane. Umphumela ukhula ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kokuvuselelwa kabusha kwalo kanye nemali ephelele yenkonzo iyanwetshwa. Uhlelo luphinde luhlome nge-contour ekhethekile, lapho ingxenye ye-pretcrate yabuyiselwa kokufaka, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhulise kancane isivuno samanzi ahlanziwe futhi wehlise inani lokukhishwa.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza

Ukusebenza kwenqubo yokuhlanza i-membrane kunqunywa yizimpawu eziphambili ezilandelayo.

Khetha u-j = (1 - C2 / C1) 100%, lapho i-C1- ukugxilwa kwento echithiwe kusisombululo sokuqala; C2- Ukuxineka kwento encibilikisiwe emanzini ahlanjwe.

I-Performance g inqunywa ngevolumu ye-filtrate yokugcina ngayinye yesikhathi (L / Day, M3 / H).

Ukusebenza kanye nokukhetha kuncike ekucindezelweni okusebenzayo kanye nokushisa. Ingcindezi ephonswa ukusebenza iyanda. Kungenzeka okunye ukwanda kokukhetha. Kuchazwa ngokuthi ama-membranes amaningi anempahla ecwebezelayo (ukubeka uphawu ekwakhekeni kwe-membrane ngaphansi kwengcindezi) ngokuncipha ngosayizi we-pore. I-shrinkage ebalulekile inganciphisa ukusebenza ngamahlandla ama-2-3. Izinga lokushisa elikhulayo ngenxa yokunciphisa ukubonwa kwamanzi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuhamba kwama-ion atholakalayo kuholela ekwandeni kokusebenza ngenkathi kuncipha okukodwa kokukhetha.

Ukusebenza kwamadivayisi we-membrane kukhonjiswe ekushiseni kwe-15 no-25c, ngakho-ke izinkomba zingahluka ngo-10-20% futhi zinokuningi (zinake lokhu lapho uthenga).

Ukuguqulwa - izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Kuvezwa njengephesenti lamanzi ahlanjwe (i-permeate) kusuka kuzinga lokugeleza kwesixazululo sokuqala: k = (qu) 100%.

Ku-inhibitors kanye nokunakekelwa

Mhlawumbe, kwalokho okuye kwashiwo ngama-cartridge ama-cartridge we-inhibitory, kungaqondakala ukuthi ukufakwa kanye nokugcinwa kokufakwa kwe-membrane ngamabutho alo kunzima ukukusebenzisa. Kungakho cishe zonke izinkampani ezithengisa imishini enjalo zinikezwa isivumelwano sokuxhaswa kwensizakalo. Yehlela esikhundleni sokubuyiselwa okujwayelekile (izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka) wama-cartridges avimbela ama-cartridges kanye nokuhlaziywa kwangaphambi kokuhlanza, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinto zokuhlanza, le nqubo ihlala kusuka emizuzwini eyi-15 kuye ku-3- I-4H futhi incike esikalini somsebenzi). Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe- "Gostgrown nge-terpituration" membranes "kungenziwa ngezimo zokukhiqiza (kulokhu, into iyasuswa futhi iye esikhungweni sezobuchwepheshe) kanye ngqo lapho. Inketho yokuqala ibhekwa njengento ekhethekayo, isusa ukuphazamiseka okuhambisana nokwenza le micimbi esesakhiweni sokuhlala. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, cishe usuku oluhlala ngaphandle kohlelo lokuhlanza. Izindleko zenkonzo kumafemu ahlukene zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5.3-13.3. Ngonyaka, kufaka phakathi izindleko zama-node angenaziphepho. U-ATEPER uzobuyela ekubuyekezweni kwemikhiqizo enikezwa yimakethe.

Silinde izivakashi ezivela kuzo zonke iziphazamiso

Ubuchwepheshe bezinqubo zamanzi we-GE (ukuhlukaniswa okusha kwe-International Comty Kage Israel General Electric, lapho ama-osmonics, e-USA asanda kungena enkampanini) ekhiqiza uchungechunge olungama-membrane ukufakwa: i-E2, e4n. Kunokuguqulwa okubili okuvela kubo: ECN (okulula futhi, kusho ukuthi kushibhile) ne-DLX (okukhohlisayo "ngobuchwepheshe" ngakho-ke kuyabiza). Isibonelo, uma impompo ejikelezayo evela ethusi isetshenziswa ekufaka i-E2 ECN, futhi zonke izingxenye ezithintana namanzi ahlanziwe zenziwa ngezinto ezifana ne-nylon, i-polypropylene ne-PVC, khona-ke ku-E2 DLX Pump futhi zonke izingxenye zenziwe ngensimbi engenasici . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kwe-DLX kungezwe i-automat, okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo futhi kufaka phakathi i-alamu.

Kushumeke kusuka kumamodeli alandelayo akhuphule inani lamadivayisi aqinisekisa ukuphepha nokwethenjwa kokusebenza kohlelo (kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-DLX Kuhlala kungaphezu kokuningi ku-ECN). Isibonelo, uhlelo lokulawula ukugeleza koketshezi oluzenzakalelayo luvela ku-membrane, amamitha e-digital IT afika ukuguqula amamitha okugeleza. I-Hydrotech (Russia), ukusebenzisana ne-GE Water Procepech Technologies, kukhiqiza ama-analogues e-E2, e4 kanye nezinhlelo ze-E4N, ezishibhile kakhulu kune-prototype.

Membranes for reverse Osmosis (OO) nezindlela zokuhlunga

Lapha sithole ukusetshenziswa kwama-membranes ngosayizi wobukhulu obungaphansi kwe-0.001 μm, echaza ukukhetha kwabo okuphezulu, kubambezela ama-95-99% wazo zonke izinto ezincilile. Kuyacaca ukuthi ama-pores amancane adala ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-hydraulic. Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okunikezwe ekufakweni, izinto zokuhlunga zisetshenziswa ngama-membrane amakhulu wesikwele. Esikhathini sokuqala, abakhiqizi basebenzisa ulwelwesi oluncane lwezezingcindezi eziphansi. Kulokhu, ulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration lusetshenziswa okokuqala kwisendlalelo esikhulu sokuqinisa, bese i-ultrathin (0.03 μm) uhlukanise ungqimba, ombozwe yile-okuthiwa yi-Protector ungqimba. Imvamisa, ulwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe lusebenza ngengcindezi ye-10-20TM, kepha vele kukhona ukuguqulwa kwe-osmosis ye-Ultra-Low-Low Pressussure, okwazi ukusebenza engcindezini 2-3atm. I-LFC TYMBRANESS nayo iyathuthukiswa, isici sawo esiphansi se-hydrophility yobuso.

Ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwama-membranes ezingezona, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukugcwala kokungcola engqishelwe emngceleni futhi kunciphise ubukhulu bawo, lapho ukugeleza okunenhlonipho kwesiyaluyalu soketshezi oluphathwayo kudala ngaphezulu kolwelwesi. I-Tome yalesi sixazululo ihlungwa ngolwelwesi. Okungenani ama-20% wevolumu yokuqala yamanzi ayakhanywa.

Inkampani "i-geyser" (Russia) ikhiqiza uchungechunge olubili lokufakwa kwamakhethini esebenzisa indlela ye-Osmosis etholwayo ephansi: "Prestige" (imodeli eyodwa) ne-RO (amamodeli amahlanu). Amalungu amasha amasha anezingqimba asetshenzisiwe, angesabi ukungcoliswa, noma imiphumela yokungcola kwensimbi. Isihlungi se-prevalence ngama-pores anobubanzi obungu-5 ama-micron anezelwe nge-cartridge esetshenziswayo kakhukhunathi kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zokuhlunga. Ama-Sorbs agcina amanzi ancibilikisiwe emanzini, anesisindo futhi ane-radioactiactiactiactive, chlorine yamahhala. Ukususa amagesi ancibilikisiwe, anikeza amanzi iphunga elingathandeki nokunambitheka, ngemuva kolwelwesi, setha enye i-cartridge nge-carbon eyenziwe eyenziwe nge-carbon esetshenzisiwe.

I-Atoll (Russia), eyaziwa ngezihlungi zendlu yayo efakwe ngaphansi kwesinki, inikezela ngochungechunge lwezihlungi ze-RO Cottage (amamodeli ayisishiyagalolunye). Ngokusho kwenkampani, zonke zadalwa ngesisekelo sezinto ezingenisiwe zesigaba esiphakeme kunazo zonke, esisebenzisa abakhiqizi abahamba phambili emhlabeni ngezinhlelo ezifanayo. Imikhiqizo ye-Atoll ephansi kakhulu, ngoba iqoqwa eRussia futhi yenzelwe ngqo izimo zokusebenza zasendaweni.

Inkampani ye-OSMOS (Russia) ikhiqiza i-Osmosis yayo yokubuyisela emuva kwe-COM. Ukuze usebenzise amakamelo, izindlela ze-SOM cishe ngo-250-12, i-SOM cishe ngo-500-12 ne-SOM cishe nge-1000-16 efanelekile. Bahlome abalawuli bokulawula nge-elekthronikhi, imodi yokuvuma-okuzenzakalelayo yoMembrate weFiltrate, uhlelo lokuvikela izigaba eziningi, kanye nezici eziningi ezingeziwe eziklanyelwe indlu yangasese.

Abakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe abanandaba hhayi kuphela ngamapharamitha aphezulu obuchwepheshe bemishini eyenziwe, kodwa futhi nokubukeka kwawo. Ukukhathazeka kwamazwe omhlaba ubuchwepheshe bamanzi obukhulu (BWT) kukhiqiza uchungechunge oluthathu lwe-osmosis ehlekisayo. Kulezi, kumadivayisi kuphela ochungechunge lwe-UO asebenzisa uhlaka lwensimbi (kunamamodeli ayisishiyagalolunye awonke: ezine ezikhuphukayo zodonga, ezinhlanu- for Outdoor). Imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-profil (amamodeli ayisithupha) kanye ne-profil v (imodeli eyodwa) iphothulwa ecaleni lensimbi enhle, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, zineziqu eziphakeme ze-automation ziqhathaniswa namadivayisi we-UO, futhi wonke amapharamitha awo asebenza aboniswa kuwo isibonisi se-LCD.

UKrcher (Germany) ngonyaka we-2007, owaziwa ngama-mini-sinks awo. Imakethe yeModel ye- "Designer" yezilungiselelo ze-WPC 600. Ngokubukeka, ifana nendawo epholile (yamanzi amabandayo namakhaza), enziwe ngesitayela sobuchwepheshe obuphakeme, ngaphezulu. Kepha umklamo akusona isici esiyinhloko sento entsha. Ngokusho komenzi, kulula kokubili ekufakweni nasekuphathweni. Inezinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa kwamandla nomsindo, ukulungiswa kalula futhi ngasikhathi sinye lihlinzeka nge-0.6 m3 / h. Ngaphezu kwenketho enkulu, okubandakanya isihlungi sangaphambi kokuhlanza nge-5 mkm, i-WPC 600 ihlongozwa ngezinhlobo eziningana: a- ngesihlungi samalahle nokuhlunga kwamatshe kanye nokuhlunga kwamatshe kanye nokuhlunga kwamatshe kanye nokuhlunga kwamatshe namalahle.

Kune-assortment ye-Krcher ne "Designer" engaphansi (ihlanganiswe ngohlaka lwensimbi), kodwa njengohlelo olusebenzayo lokulungiselela amanzi okuphuza ochungechunge lwe-WTC 500. I-Depalination, ukuthambisa kanye nokubulala amagciwane. Akudingekile ukuthenga konke ngasikhathi sinye, ungazifanisa kulabo abadingekayo ngempela. Iphakethe lokusungula lemodyuli ngayinye lifaka phakathi iyunithi yokuxuba emanzi ahlanjululwe kwe-chlorine, azokhipha ukuphinda atheleleke kabusha ngama-microorganisms (amanzi angaqongelelwa ngokuphephile ethangi).

Imodyuli ye-WTC 500-RO Membrane iyakwazi ukuhlanza amanzi amasha kuphela (ukukhiqiza - 0.5 m3 / h), kepha futhi ikhuphuke olwandle (ipharamitha efanayo-0.4 m3 / h). Ukuhlukahluka Kwabangaphesheya Kwemodyuli kufaka phakathi ulwelwesi olungama-intshi angama-40 kanye ne-UV disinfection. Imodyuli ethambile ye-WTC 500-soft ngokusho komklamo iyafana ne-WTC 500-RO futhi yakhelwe ukuhlanza amanzi angaphezulu anokuqukethwe okuningana kosawoti. Isisekelo semodyuli ye-WTC 500-BC Disninfection Module yi-Ozone Generator (Ukukhiqiza cishe cishe 2 g we-Ozone ngehora). Igumbi lifaka futhi i-UV Emitter kanye nesihlungi se-cartridge nge-carbon (isusa i-ozone eyeqile emanzini), ngemuva kwalokho enye i-UV Emitter ifakiwe.

Izinto ezigoqiwe

Manje sebeyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-OO. Bazenze ngolwelwesi lwamaqabunga. Isisekelo sento egoqwe sakha iphakethe ligcwele kusuka kulwelwesi olubili (ungqimba olukhethiwe olubheke ngaphandle), oluhlukaniswe yi-gasket ekhethekile yokudonsa amanzi. Kusuka phezulu, okunye ukubekwa kwamanzi kubhekwe phezulu kwiphakheji (kubizwa nangokuthi igridi ye-upper). Yi- "puff khekhe" yi-One End's Hermetically enamathiselwe kwi-tube ephakeme ephakeme futhi imanzi nxazonke yona. Lesi sakamuva sibekwe epulasitiki noma yensimbi ye-composite noma yensimbi, efakwe izithako zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi omthombo, ukususwa kwe-filtrate nokugxila.

Lapho into isebenza, isixazululo sokuqala sihamba ebusweni ngolwelwesi olugoqiwe ngegebe elakhiwe yigridi yehlukanisi, futhi kancane kancane "limunca" ngaphakathi kwephakeji. Igridi idlala indima ephindwe kabili: Okokuqala, ivikela ulwelwesi lokunamathela, okwesibili, isiphithiphithi isixazululo sekhambi. I-filtrate ekulengisweni kwe-drainage phakathi kwama-membranes alandela isikhungo ishubhu futhi ayakhonjiswa phezu kwawo. Ukugxila kususelwa ezindlini kusuka ekugcineni okuphambene.

Nkosi kukhona izinto ezigoqiwe nge-1.5-8 nobude obungu-12-80 inches. Zihlomele ukumaka okufanele, lapho izinhlamvu zibonisa khona injongo nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-membrane, futhi amanani asayizi wento ethile.

Okwamanje, ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kakhulu emakethe yaseRussia kutholwe izinto ezisongelwe ama-membrane amafemu anjengenkampani yamakhemikhali (i-FilmTec), ama-hydranautics, ama-osmonics (ama-USA). Lapha kubalulekile ukwenza ukuchibiyelwa: Okujwayelekile Ukukhathazeka ngogesi okuhlangene ama-OSmonics, ezemvelo ze-zenon kanye nabanye abaningi kwi-geini lamanzi technologies technologies, futhi manje imikhiqizo ye-osmonics izofika kithi ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo. Muva nje, ukukhathazeka ngeSaehan (Korea) kwengezwe kubakhiqizi bangaphambilini futhi ngokushesha bazuze ukuthandwa komkhiqizo wayo oshibhile kunothunyelwa e-United States.

Ngifuna ulwelwesi olufuywayo

Uma kuze kube manje, satshelwa ngoMembrane Reverse Osmothetic ukufakwa, into enkulu yanoma yiluphi ulwelwesi olugoqekile (luyinto enkulu yabakhiqizi basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe abayisebenzisayo), manje kuzoba ngamadivayisi anama-membranes aphansi. Imishini enjalo inikezela i-rochem (Germany), futhi iqoqa ngokwezimali zayo ze-Rochem Service eRussia. Umphumela wemizamo yabo ehlanganayo kwakuhlukahlukene izilungiselelo zasekhaya: I-LP-NRO (ukuguqulwa 1 no-2), i-RO-052 DT (1 no-2) ne-Roro 200 DTS (1, 2, 3). Zonke zenzelwe ukuhlanza ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi noma amanzi ase-Artesian futhi ziyakwazi, njengoba umenzi zimenyezelwa, sebenza iminyaka engu-8-10 ngaphandle kokubuyisela izinto zokuhlunga. Imishini yezobuchwepheshe yezilungiselelo cishe ifana nemikhiqizo ye-RO2. Imodyuli ye-avot membrane ihluke ngokuphelele: Inesethi ye-disbbranes yediski. Amadivayisi afakwa kumakhabethe wensimbi engagqwali futhi angahlinzekwa ngezinto ezihlukile zamanzi.

Ngokwemvelo, ekubuyekezweni sasibhalela kude nabo bonke abakhiqizi be-reverse osmotic aggregates - imakethe yabo inkulu kakhulu.

Lapho kudingeka i-osmosis

Izinhlelo ezisemqoka ze-Osmosis ezingenamsoco kuphela lapho ama-chlorides, ama-nitrate kanye nama-fluorides (ama-moniosorides (ama-moniosodent aboshwe kabi yiluphi uhlobo lwama-membranes atholakala emanzini okuqala (ama-ion anOsongent, izinhlelo zokuhlanza kwamanzi), kanye nokungcola kwe UBoron, uStrontium, u-Arsenic. Izimo ezandisiwe ongazenza ngezindlela ezilula.

Ngabe konke kube lula kangaka?

Ingabe kulula kakhulu: Ngithenge ukufakwa kwe-osmotic okubuyisela emuva- nezinkinga ezixazululiwe? Ngeshwa cha. Amanzi omthombo ngamanani ahlukene aqukethe izinto ezimisiwe zokuhlakazeka okuhlukahlukene, amakhompiyutha ensimbi, usawoti we-calcium, i-magnesium it.d.d.d.d.d.d. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingakha ama-deposits ahlukahlukene ngaphezulu kwe-mempebranes eguqukayo. Usuvele ukwakheka kwawo kanye nesakhiwo abuye ancike kwikhwalithi yamanzi aphathwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemimo yeHydrodynamic ngisho nangesikhathi sezindawo zokugcina ukungcoliswa kwezinto ezingcolile. Kunokuhlanzwa kwamanzi okuqala okuvimbela ukuwa kwe-sediment.

Ngakho-ke, ngokuqukethwe okuncane kwezinto ezimisiwe, kwanele ukusebenzisa ama-microfilter we-cartrid cartd ngosayizi we-5mkm (ahlinzekwa futhi kubuyekezwe kulokhu kubuyekezwa). Kepha kubuningi bamacala amaningi, ukwakheka kwamanzi okuqala kukude kakhulu nalokho okuhle, kusho ukuthi kumele kulungiselelwe.

Isibonelo, lapho unisela amanzi epayipi lamanzi asemadolobheni, ochwepheshe bancoma ukufaka ikhadi lokudla nge-Carbon elivuliwe, lizokwenziwa i-chlorine yamahhala, umthelela wokuthi "ukwesaba" ulwelwesi. Kungase futhi kudingekile ebhokisini lesibili elifanayo lokuncibilikisa izinto ze-chlororganic, ezingahlala futhi kuma-membranes. Icala elinzima lokuziphatha lidinga iqoqo lonke lokuhlunga elinikezela ngezihlungi eziningi zokuhlunga, ukudonsela phansi, ukuthambisa, ukususwa kwamagesi ancibilikisiwe it.p. I-Achetoba ukufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, isiteshi sokuhlanza sizodingeka ezihlungi ezinkulu zokuhlunga. I-IVPPIN mhlawumbe ukuthi inani elichithwe ekwakhiweni kwalo lizoqhathaniswa nezindleko zokufakwa kwe-membrane uqobo futhi zize ziveze.

UMkhandlu Oyedwa: Ngaphambi kokuthenga iyunithi ye-membrane, thatha amanzi omthombo bese uthumela ekuhlaziyweni. Ochwepheshe benkampani yakho ekhethiwe oyikhethile inkampani izobala, idivaysi yalokho ukukhiqiza okulungele imigomo yakho nokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokulungiselela kumele lufakwe khona. Ubudala kulo mphumela ungalinganisa ukuthi ngabe kufanele yini i-heater.

Yini enye okufanele uyicabangele?

Ngaphezu kwezibalo, ngaphezu kwezindleko zokulungiselela ngokwayo kanye nohlelo lokulungiselela okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunika amandla idatha ekufakweni nasekuqaliseni inkontileka, kanye namanani entengo yensiza kanye nezinsizakalo zokufaka kanye nezinsizakalo zokufaka kanye nokufakwa kwe-reagents kanye nezinsizakalo zokufaka kanye nezinsizakalo zokufaka kanye nokufakwa kwe-reagents kanye nokufakwa kwe-reagents kanye nokufakwa kwe-reagents kanye nokufakwa kwe-reagents kanye nokufakwa kwe-reagents. Ngokufingqa konke lokhu, kungenzeka ukubala izindleko zamanzi ayi-1m3 ahlanziwe ahlanjululwe bese uyiqhathanisa nenkomba efanayo, ngokwesibonelo, ngohlelo oluvame kakhulu olususelwa ekuhlunga kokugeleza.

Impahla kufanele ixazululwe lapho izothola khona ukugxila (kumanzi ahlanzekile ayi-1M3 asungulwa ngo-0.25-2m3). Ungamane nje uwukhiphe indle (uma, kunjalo, izobhekana nevolumu eyengeziwe) noma uthele emthonjeni okhethekile (ukugxilisa wonke amanzi afanayo asanda kucekelwa phansi ngokungcola). Kuliqiniso, kuzofanela ukuthola isixazululo esikhethekile ekubizeni kahle. Kepha noma ngabe nawe nangenkinga enzima, sicabange, ungaphuthumi ...

Izinto ze-disk membrane

Enye indlela yokuqothula izinto ngamadivayisi abizwa nge-flat-frame (ulwelwesi ngalunye lufakwe emzimbeni ngamunye oyisicaba). Baba yimidwebo yokuqala yokuhlunga ye-membrane eyenziwe ngumuntu. Ngazo zonke izinto ezingezinhle (insimbi enkulu, ukuvuza okungapheli kwe- yats.p.) kwakunezinzuzo ezimbili ezingenakuqhathaniswa: zingacubungula izixazululo ezingcoliswe kakhulu: futhi lapho kuphuma ulwelwesi olulodwa, kwathathelwa indawo kalula.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinzuzo futhi wengeza ama-plus wezinto ezigoqiwe (ubuningi obuphezulu bokupakisha ama-membrane kanye nokulula kwensiza yedivaysi ephelele), i-rochem isungule futhi njengamanje ikhiqiza isigaba esisha se-membrane membrane-nkulumo (DT), njengoba kanye nokuguqulwa kwabo - i-flat-tube (PT).

Imodyuli ehlukile yalolu hlelo iqoqo lemicamelo ekhule eyisishiyagalombili kusuka kulwelwesi ezimbili ezihambisanayo (imiphetho yazo ifakwe nge-ultrasound), phakathi kwalo okubekwa khona kwamatshe okubekwa. Isikhungo somcamelo ngamunye umgodi, imiphetho yazo engashintshiwe. I-VDT-divaysi le-VDT-divaysi iguqulwe ngamapuleti ahlanganisiwe (umkhiqizi uwashayela imihlahlandlela, kanye nemicamelo ifakwe izimbobo eziphakathi nendawo) kusuka epulasitiki ethuthukisiwe yi-acrylbulatirol (ABS) futhi iqoqwe kwiphakheji. Akhe, "afake" entanjeni yensimbi engenasici, izindonga zazo ezinezimbangi ezizwakalayo. Ishubhu yenza imisebenzi emibili ngasikhathi sinye, siqinisa iphakheji futhi sisebenzele ukususa i-Filtrate Ukuyifaka ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezishiwo kusuka engxenyeni ephakathi nendawo. Iphakethe eliqediwe lifakwa ecaleni elihlala isikhathi eside kusuka ezintweni ze-polymer (ochwepheshe babizwa ngokuthi izindlu zalo zokucindezela) nobubanzi bamasentimitha ayi-8, bahlome ngokufakwa okufanele.

Yini ehlala ngemuva kwezigcawu?

Ekubuyekezweni kwethu, kwaxoxwa kuphela mayelana nezitshalo eziphindayo ezi-osmotic zokuhlanzwa kwamanzi kuyo yonke indlu. Kepha, njengoba sekuphawuliwe, inqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni weFiltration ayifanele, futhi imakethe isivele ihlinzeka ngamadivayisi asekhaya ngokususelwa ezindleleni ezinjalo zokuhlanzeka, njenge-micro, ultra ne-nanofilstration. Sizokhuluma nalokhu kwesinye sezinombolo eziseduze zamalog. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzokwazi ukuthatha isixazululo esinesisindo esiningi. Ngokuvamile, ukuqhubeka kufanele kube.

Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani "geyser", "Helios Star", "Hydroteks", "Comintech", "Mvs Kema", "Osmors", i-BWCHER, BWT, KRHERE ", BWT, KRHERE",

Gcwalisa- umenzi	IGAMA LOKUFUNDA	Ubukhulu bokufaka (i-SHGV), mm	Isisindo, kg.	Umenzi- M3 / H	Kudliwa Amandla, qhatsat	Ukusebenza ingcindezi, nqabela	inombolo Membranes (amamojula)	Khetha- %,%	Ukuguqulwa,%	Intengo, izinkulungwane ama-ruble.
Amanzi. Inqubo. Ubuchwepheshe.	I-E2 (amamodeli ama-5)	I-360260770 - 3603601150.	22-39	0.03-0.4	0.37-0,56.	13,1	1-5	96-98	50-75	110-2030.
I-E4 (6 amamodeli)	7705101270 - 7706601530.	77-156	0.2-1.7	0.74-3.7	13,1	1-8	95-98	50-75	I-280-680
E4h (amamodeli ama-5)	19608701550.	320-905	2.6-6.8.	13-18.	13,1	10-30	95-98	50-75	I-1000-2150
"I-Helios Star"	Ro2-100-400	I-6505001250.	30-45	0.075-0.4	I-0.37-0.75 (220V)	7-15	1-4	95-99	30-55	52-128.
Ro4-600-1600. Ro4-2000-2500	9008001600. 250010001600.	120-200	0.45-2.5	1.5-3 (380V)	7-15	2-10.	95-99	50-75	160-390.
"I-geyser"	"Prestige"	450300830.	N / D.	0.008.	0.8.	Kufika ku-8.	okukodwa	97-99	30-40	Kusuka ngo-6.
RO1-RO8 (amamodeli ama-5)	I-6103701750 - 6107501750	N / D.	0.25-3.	2.2-11	Kuya ku-10	1-10.	97-99	50-80	I-69-800
Rochem.	I-LP-NRO-1 ne-2	I-600210750.	Cishe 60.	0.03-0.06	0.75	3-20.	1-2	97-99	70-80	111.
Roro 200 dts. (1, 2, 3)	I-600400620 - 750400620	Cishe 200	0.04-0.125	I-1.25	20-60	1-6	97-99.7	70-90.	670- 738.
Unveli	Ro 2540 A1- Ro 4040 A6	8004501600.	N / D.	0.06-1,4,4	0.37-1,1	Kufika ku-16.	1-6	90-95	60-70	77-2299
"Osmosis"	Som cishe 250-12 / Som cishe 500-12 / Som cishe 1000-16	4203751470 / 5504001500 / 8005901570.	40/48 / 120	0.25 / 0.5 / 1	0.55 (220V) / 0.55 (220V) / 3.3 (380V)	Kufika ku-16.	okukodwa 2. okune	70-99	50-75	60-250.
BWT.	UO 40-300 (Wall) / UO 400-1300 (Outdoor)	I-600260 (1000-1250) / (654-955) 450 (1380-1530)	I-100-120	0.04-0.3 0.4-1.3	1-2 (220V) 1.1-1.5 (380V)	10-14 21.	1-2 2-4	90-95	Cishe 75.	147-247 / 330- 434.
Iphrofayili 1-6.	475 (450-730) (800-1285)	85-170	0.084-1.19	I-0.4-1.1 (380V)	14-21	3-7	90-95	80.	275-446.
Krcher.	I-WPC 600. FW / BW / SW	9008001800.	220.	I-0,6	1.5 / 2.3 / 7 (380V)	14/11/70	2/2/3	96-99	75/60/30.	678-1080.
I-WTC 500.	1185785585.	197.	0.5.	6.8 (380V)	Kufika ku-65.	2.	99.	20-26.	I-1014.