Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yamalambu okulondolozwa kwamandla we-luminescent: izici zokuklama, isithunzi samadivayisi, amamodeli amasha, izimiso zokusebenza.
Umqambi m. Mamamut
Photo P. Lebedev
Ukuze amalambu wokonga amandla ukuze asetshenziswe kalula empilweni yansuku zonke, ajwayele ukunikezwa ngaphansi kwesitezi esijwayelekile.
Idivayisi yamalambu we-compact fluorescent (CLL) ahlome ngomshini wokulungiswa kwe-port eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (PRA):
Izibani zomklamo ojwayelekile (wendabuko);
Amamodeli we-B afakwe i-GF Radiation Generator
Amalambu anokubukwa kuka-2700 alungele ukuzilibazisa
Amanye amalambu enzelwe ngokukhethekile amalambu acwebile e-fluorescent.
Ama-flasks we-fluorescent anganikezwa nge-Mirror Refector
Ngenxa yempilo yenkonzo ende, i-CLL ifakwa kulezo zindawo lapho ukufinyelela kunzima khona
N. Siratien
Photo V. Nefedova
Isibani ngaphezulu kwe-bar stand njengento design
Akubona bonke abathengi abanjenge-luminescent "amashubhu". Ngakho-ke, kunamamodeli amaningi ngokwengeziwe anama-flasks wokwakheka okujwayelekile.
Enye ukuqondiswa okuthembisayo kokusetshenziswa kwamalambu we-fluorescent-ngaphandle kokukhanya
Kusayithi lezwe, izibani zokwakheka okukhethekile zifanelekile, zikwazi ukusebenza ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, amalambu we-Amalgam asungulwa
At -25s
kuze kube yi-26W. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalambu afanayo kunesizathu sezomnotho, ngoba siyadla
Amahlandla ama-5 aphansi kagesi kunama-bulbs e-incandescent ajwayelekile
Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi izibani ze-luminescent zilungele kuphela amahhovisi. Izinzuzo zabo eziphambili ukugqama nokusebenza kahle kukaMerkli kuqhathaniswa nobunzima obukhulu obakhayo. Izizukulwane zanamuhla zamalambu anjalo zihlukaniswa izici eziphakeme kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nabanduleli babo.
Izibani ze-compactic fluorescent zingafakwa kumalambu emiklamo ehlukahlukene nemiklamo - kusuka kwa-classic
Kuze kube yilapho kufinyelela i-ultra-yanamuhla ngonyaka, ugesi uya ngokuya kubiza kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo nakho kuyakhula ngasikhathi sinye. Kuyabonakala, izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke zogesi zikhuphuka kunalokho ngokushesha. Namuhla, ngokwesibonelo, izindleko ze-1 kWh zingama-ruble ayi-1.84. KumaSulumane ahlala ezindlini ezinama-stoves egesi. Uma sisebenzisa ama-Exters angamakhulu amaningana ama-Kilowatt-amahora, ngenxa yalokho, kungathatha isamba esiyindilinga. Ungawunciphisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngaphandle kokuyekethisa induduzo? Enye yezindlela ezilula ukusetshenziswa kwamalambu e-fluorescent ekonga amandla. Isici sabo esihlukile ukubuya okuphezulu kokukhanya okuphezulu, okungukuthi, ubukhulu bokukhanyisa okukhanyayo (kulinganiswe eLumenakh), etholwe ngamandla angu-1W adliwe isibani. Uma amalambu we-Incandescent Lesi sibalo sifinyelela ku-10-15 amalitha nge-1W nge-1w, ye-halogen - kuze kube ngu-30, bese ukuze silondoloze amandla, cishe ama-50-60lm nge-1w 1w. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanyiswa okudingekayo kungatholwa ngokufaka esikhundleni, ngokwesibonelo, ama-bulbs e-100-watt ama-incandescent anezibani ezingama-20-watt fluorescent kuphela. Imibukiso yokubala elula: Isibani esinjalo se-20-watt kuyo yonke impilo ejwayelekile (izinkulungwane ezingama-6-8 h) izokonga ngogesi we-450-600. Okulinganayo okulinganayo (nemali ekhokhwayo yamanje yedolobha) kungama-ruble angama-900-1000. Ngisho nokubheka izindleko eziphakeme zamalambu we-fluorescent (amamodeli anomthamo wamathani angama-20-26 athengiswa ngentengo engu-150-200rub.) Inzuzo yokusebenzisa kwazo inengqondo kakhulu.
Okunye ukuhlanganisa kwamadivayisi afanayo kuncane (kuqhathaniswa namalambu we-incandescent futhi ikakhulukazi ama-halogen) izinga lokushisa lokushisa. Izibani ze-Fluorescent zishisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kubavumela ukuba basebenzise amalambu "enkinga" (ngokwesibonelo, ahlome ngamafakisi avela ezintweni eziphansi ezincibilikisiwe).
Ekukhanyeni kobuchwepheshe obuphakeme
Indlela yesibani se-fluorescent injalo. I-Flask ye-Glass igcwele ingxube yamagesi we-inert kanye nama-mercury vapors, futhi indawo yayo yangaphakathi imbozwe nge phospor ekhethekile. Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kagesi aphezulu ku-flask kusuka ebusweni be-cathode, ama-elektroni anesivinini esikhulu aphukile. Lapho bebhekene nama-athomu ze-mercury, banikela ngengxenye yamandla abo ngama-atrom afakwe e-athomu, futhi abahumushe abe yisimo esijabulisayo. Akusizi: isikhathi esifushane sesikhathi- ne-electron ejabule sibuyela kwimibuthano eyakhe, kuma-orbit aqinile, namandla amaningi akhishwa njengemisebe ye-ultraviolet. I-Luminofor coating iguqula i-ultraviolet ibonakale.
Izibani ze-Fluorescent ze-Compact: Izolo nanamuhla
Amamodeli we-CLM ahlukile ekukhazimuleni, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezinye izici. Phakathi kwalezo zinkomba ukuze unake lapho ukhetha isibani kungaphawulwa okulandelayo okubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo. Scheache, njengamalambu we-incandescent, akhishwa ngezinhlobo eziningi zezisekelo. Zingahlome ngesisekelo esijwayelekile se-E27 esingaphansi, i-Minion E14, isisekelo se-E40, esisetshenziswe "izibani zezimboni ezinkulu" noma izisekelo ze-PIN ye-Design ezahlukahlukene. Isisekelo sezinkuni zasendlini sisetshenziswa isisekelo se-E27.
Izinga lokushisa elinemibala. Isibani esikhishwe isibani singase sibe ne-spectrum ehlukile. Ichazwa njenge-Emission Spectrum yomzimba omnyama ngokuphelele ukufuthelwa emazingeni okushisa athile, futhi kukhonjisiwe eKelvin (K). Izibani ezivame kakhulu ezine-2700k (njengombala ofudumele womthunzi ophuzi), 4200k (usuku lwemini), 6500k (emhlophe ebandayo "ngokunakekelwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka"). Amalambu anamazinga okushisa ahlukene ahlukile enjongweni ehlosiwe. Uma "i-spectrum" ephuzi "ibonwa njenge-" ethokomele "futhi ilungele igumbi lokulala noma igumbi lokuphumula, khona-ke amalambu angama-6500k anika ukukhanya okubandayo, okungathandeki kangako. Kepha zilungele ukusebenza ezikhungweni.
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Zonke izibani ze-fluorescent nakanjani amalambu we-incandescent ewowowowokomnotho.
Imvamisa kukhona ama-clls nge-flask eyenziwe ngesimo sama-arcs amathathu, noma kunjalo, angehluke kakhulu phakathi kwawo ngokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Njengamanye amadivaysi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kwe-Europe kusebenza kahle i-CLL, ngakho-ke wonke amalambu ahlukaniswe amakilasi ayisikhombisa, kusuka ku-G (isigaba kumele achazwe kwiphakheji). I-Energy Energy esebenza kahle - A. Uma isibani sinikezwa lesi sigaba, lokhu kusho ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine u-80% kagesi futhi ngenxa yalokho kunciphisa umthethosivivinywa ngogesi amahlandla ayisithupha.
Kusuka kokulula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi
Yini enye okufanele uyibuze lapho ukhetha isibani? Kuyadingeka, ngokwesibonelo, ukucacisa impilo yenkonzo. I-Hhayi-ke yizinkulungwane ezingama-6-8 (ezijwayelekile). Kwesinye isikhathi umenzi wehlise izindleko, aguqule ukwakheka ngenxa yezinto eziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesibani. Kungaba ukuntuleka kwezingxenye ezivikela idivaysi kusuka kuma-voltage Drops, noma ngokushesha "i-phosphor ye-phosphor yekhwalithi engeyinhle. Ngakho-ke, impilo yenkonzo yedivayisi incishisiwe kakhulu. Namuhla, abakhiqizi abahlonipha ukuzihlonipha bakhetha ukungagcini kuma-chip abhekele ukuqaliswa kwesibani obushelelezi, okuqinisekisa isikhathi esikhudlwana senkonzo, - kweminye imikhiqizo ifika kuchungechunge lwezinkulungwane eziyi-12 (ama-cosmos ") kanye Ngisho nezinkulungwane eziyi-15 h (amamodeli weDulux el Ccentra R80 23, osram; i-turram; general, general ngogesi; amamodeli ahlukahlukene ane-inguech technology, ama-megaman).
Enye ikhambi eliphelele ubuchwepheshe be-amalgam obusetshenziswa ku-Stick 12y Model. Izibani ezinjalo zihamba kancane kancane (kule modeli 100%, ukusakazwa okukhanyayo kutholakala cishe imizuzu emi-3), kepha kuvezwa kancane kuwo amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho usebenzisa isibani kumalambu avaliwe, futhi futhi kufakwe emakamelweni angashintshiwe, ngoba kuqala emazingeni okushisa asuka ku - 25c.
Ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu - ubukhulu bamalamp. Ukukhetha imodeli, ngokwesibonelo, kwi-chandelier, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi ukuba khona komphakathi ojwayelekile akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi ilungele isibani. Ngakho-ke, ubude besibani bama-85WS (Model 4U 85 E2742, "cosmos") ngu-335mm, futhi ububanzi bungama-78mm; Amasayizi afanayo anamalambu anamandla afanayo nabanye abakhiqizi.
Ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe buphinde baletha uPhilips. Phakathi kwazo isibani esindisa amandla ngomphumela omncane okhanyayo "2 ku-1". Ine-LED eyakhelwe ngaphakathi futhi ingasebenza ngezindlela ezimbili: Emodini ebusuku (ukukhanya okufakwe ngamandla anamandla we-1w) nakukujwayelekile (ukukhanya okukhanyayo njengokujwayelekile okungamandla angu-9W). Imodeli "2 in 1" yenzelwe ukusebenza kulezi zindawo, lapho kudingeka khona ukukhanyisa okubuthakathaka isikhathi eside: ngokwesibonelo, egumbini lokulala, egumbini lokuphumula lapho libuka i-telecast noma ephaketheni lesethenjwa.
Imikhiqizo emisha ebiyelwe eyethulwe yi-Osram - Model Dlux El Facility. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenzisiwe, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukujika ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nezibani kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusheshayo bokusungula ngokushesha i-flux ekhanyayo ngemuva kokushintsha. Lezi zici zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amalambu e-Dulux El Diality lapho ukukhanya kufaka phakathi kaningi futhi okwesikhashana, ngokwesibonelo, emakamelweni okugeza noma amahholo wendabuko (I-CLM yendabuko akwenzelwe izimo zokusebenza ezifanayo).
Ukusebenza kwe-IB ...
Ngaphandle kokufana kwangaphandle okunokwenzeka namalambu we-incandescent, ama-CLLs anezici eziningi ezidinga ukubhekwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwazo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, isibani sithonywa ukushisa okukhona. Izibani ze-Fluorescent azithwele kahle ukufudumeza ngaphezulu kwama-60s, futhi esithwalweni sezimi ngokuphelele ukusebenza. Ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, ukukhanyisa kwezindawo ezingaphushiswanga noma amasayithi wezwe kufanele kusetshenziswe ngamamodeli akhethekile ama-CLLs ukufakwa kwangaphandle. Uchungechunge lwesibani olufanayo lusezingeni lezinkampani General Electric, Osram kanye nabanye abakhiqizi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lamamodeli asekhaya amalambu we-luminescent awahloselwe ukusetshenziswa kuqhwa lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi -10с.
Yu. Sennikov
Umqambi T. Zhuk.
Photo S. And E. Morgunov
Inkinga yamalambu we-luminescent ukusetshenziswa kwawo lapho iphansi kakhulu noma, kunalokho, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Isibani siyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengesimo sesibani, kepha bancipha emfuleni okhanyayo. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bokushisa okusebenzayo bukhona, njengomthetho, -5 ... + 50c Ngokuqondile, amalambu we-luminescent adinga ama-dimmers womklamo okhethekile. Akubona bonke abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo ye-wiring ekhiqizwayo, kuphela i-Gira (Germany) neLegrand (France). Imvamisa zenzelwe amalambu we-fluorescent anamalungelo ahlanganisiwe kagesi futhi ahlukane nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa i-dimmer ukuze ushintshe ukuqina kwama-chandelier akhanyayo, khumbula ukuthi lapho ungena esikhundleni samalambu we-incundescent ku-Luminescent kuzofanela ushintshe ukukhanya nokukhanya.
Lokhu kuxhumana kuyinto enhle kakhulu yenkampani osram- doulux el fiss. Lokhu kuyi-CLL, umjikelezo we-elekthronikhi onjalo ofanele ukusebenza kwesibani ngezimali ezijwayelekile. Idivaysi entsha yenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukuguqula ubukhulu be-flux elikhanyayo ebangeni le-15-100% ngendlela efanayo namalambu we-incandescent ajwayelekile.
Indlela ethokozisayo yokuxazulula inkinga yokulungisa ukugqama kwe-CLL kunikeza iMegaman. Uchungechunge lweDors Dimming uchungechunge lwe-Technology ukunciphisa noma ukukhulisa ukugqama kusetshenziswa switch okujwayelekile kwesikhundla. Ukuze usebenzise uhlelo lokukhanya kokukhanya, kufanele unike amandla futhi ucime ukukhanya kwe-1 s. Ukukhohlisa ushintsho, ungashintsha ubukhulu bokukhanyisa (5, 33, 66, 100%).
Ama-plus 'aqala ashisayo'
Kunamalambu wokonga amandla anokushisa kwangaphambili (akhanyise cishe imizuzwana eyi-1 ngemuva kokushintsha) nangokuqala okubandayo (kufakiwe cishe ngokushesha). Izindleko zokuqala zibiza kakhulu, kepha zinenombolo engenamkhawulo yokuqala kabusha, okwesibili "ayithandi" ukuze ivulwe futhi icishiwe kaningi. Isibonelo, i-General Electric Company isusa impilo yenkonzo ye-CLM yayo ngesilinganiso sezinga eziyisithupha. Ukwethulwa kwesikhashana kwesikhashana kwesiza sesikhathi esingaphansi kwama-20min kubangela ukugqoka okunamandla futhi kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kwaso okujwayelekile. Amasondo, lapho ukukhanya kufanele kuvulwe futhi kuvaliwe kaningi, kunconywa ukufaka amalambu ngokushisa kwangaphambili. Ngaphandle, azihlukile kumamodeli anesiqalo sokubanda, ngakho-ke uhlobo lomklamo lwabo kufanele lucaciswe ngumthengisi.
Ngokuhlinzwa isikhathi eside, wonke amalambu e-fluorescent awela ukubuya. Okujwayelekile kuthathwa njengokuncipha kule nkomba ngo-20% ekupheleni kwempilo yenkonzo elinganiselwe, kodwa ku-phosphor esezingeni eliphansi, izinga lokukhanya okukhanyayo lingaba ngu-50%. I-ALOS, ukungasebenzi kahle ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa i-phosphor esezingeni eliphakeme kusuka kwikhwalithi engeyinhle. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukugqama kwesibani kungahle kwehliswe kakhulu njengoba kukhiqizwa insiza, kungenzeka kuphela ukweluleka imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi abaziwayo nabafakazelwe kahle.
Ekugcineni, ngifuna ukusho amagama ambalwa ngokuphepha kanye nemvelo. Amabili ngababili be-Mercury asetshenziswa kumalambu amnandi. Inani labo lilawulwa ngokuqinile amazinga afanele asebenza abakhiqizi eYurophu, e-Asia naseMelika. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ngephutha iziphazamiso isibani esinjalo ekhaya, ngeke kubhekwe njengesizathu sokwethuka, kuhle kakhulu emoyeni. Isifinyezo sezibani eziphezulu zokuphepha zokuphepha nge-flask ehlanganiswe ne-silicone sheath ekhethekile - ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lwamakhandlela (i-Megaman). Uma i-bulb enjalo iwela futhi ihlukana, izingcezwana kanye namabili ama-mercury ngeke iwele emoyeni.
Njengoba kune-Mercures emalambu we-fluorescent, ngeke aphonswe kanye nodoti ojwayelekile wasendlini. Isibhedlela, izibhedlela zethu azikabonisi izinga elifanelekile lokwazi. Isibonelo, eYurophu nase-United States Kunamathangi kadoti aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile hhayi kuphela amalambu we-luminescent, kodwa futhi namabhethri, ama-televic ama-kinescopic namanye amadivayisi afanayo. I-WMOSKWe inezinkampani ezanele ezibandakanyeka ekuchithweni kwemfucuza eyingozi, kepha zisebenzisana ikakhulukazi nezinhlangano, yize inkontileka yokusebenzela nabo ingaphetha noma ngubani. Vele, umnikazi wesibani esisodwa esilula ngeke avume, kodwa kumnikazi omkhulu wabanikazi bezindlu, insizakalo efanayo ayinzima kangako. Njengoba besho, i-trifle, kodwa enhle. Skido- ngobuchule ngokubuka kwemvelo.