Imithetho nezindlela zokuvikelwa kwezindlu zezwe ezingapheli kusuka kumswakama kanye nezivakashi ezingenakubonwa: ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana zesisekelo, izindonga.
U-Erker kusuka kubha unzima kakhulu, futhi, njengomthetho, wenziwa ngendlu eqoshiwe ngesisekelo sokwakhiwa kohlaka ngemuva kokuthi indlu izonikeza i-shrinkage. Ukuze indlu ye-log "yahlala" ngokulinganayo, ekuvulekeni kwenzeke okwesikhashana imishayo
Njengomthetho, enye inkathi yehlobo kwanele ukwakha izindonga nophahla lwendlu yezwe. Kepha ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene nezimo, ukwakhiwa kungabambezela kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile. Kuyisidingo sokukubeka entwasahlobo lokho okwenziwe.
Ebusika azakhi
Izimo zesimo sezulu zesikhathi sasekwindla-ubusika engxenyeni ephakathi yaseRussia yaphoqelelwa isikhashana ukumisa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zangasese. Akuyona nje ukuthi ingxenye yezinqubo zokwakha ngokusho kobuchwepheshe iyadingeka emazingeni okushisa aqondile. (Yisho, i-Conment kanye nokhonkolo izixazululo ziqoqwa emazingeni okushisa angenayo i-5c; umsebenzi wokuqeda wangaphandle wangaphandle - umbala, ophekiwe, wenziwa kuphela kwisizini efudumele. ukuhlehlisa kuze kube izikhathi ezingcono. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukudalwa kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ngemigwaqo yokungena, ukugcinwa kwezinto zokwakha, ekugcineni, usuku olufushane lokukhanya ludinga izindleko ezingezekile, ezenza isakhiwo sobusika asifanele. Noma kunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezibunjiwe zokhuni ngenxa yokuthi lesi sihlahla sinikeza i-shrinkage eqinile, hhayi eyodwa, nezinkathi ezimbili zokwakha.
Kodwa-ke, iningi lomsebenzi wokwakha livela ngenxa yokushoda kwemali kwekhasimende. Abaningi ngokunembile ngalesi sizathu bahlela ukwakhiwa okwenziwe ngezigaba ze-cottage yezwe noma i-cottage: Ngesizini yokuqala, qedela isisekelo, odongeni lwesibili nophahla, emhlobisweni wesibili wezangaphakathi. Kepha amapulani awahlali enziwa ngesikhathi, futhi izindonga ezingathandeki nazo zingase zibe ekuqaleni kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kanye nama-rafters ngaphandle kophahla. Into enjalo ayivikeleki ngaphambi kokudonswa kwama-sedts kanye namathonsa okushisa angagcinwa, okungukuthi, alungiselele ubusika.
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Umgomo oyinhloko wokongiwa kokuvikelwa kumswakama. Njengoba kwaziwa, amanzi, ukuphenduka eqhweni, kukhuphuka ngevolumu. Alisondele kumajoyinti asebusika kanye nemikhumbi (okokuqala kwayo yonke evundlile), khona-ke izinto ezakhayo ngokuqala kwamaqhwa ngenxa yezingcindezi ziqala ukungcola nokuwa. Ukuvikela ekuphambukeni kwezinto ezingaqediwe, ukwakheka kwesikhashana okulula kwezinto ezingabizi futhi ezingabizi ziphakeme.
I-Shelter Foundation
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isisekelo (noma izinga le-zero) ngesisekelo sendlu yamatshe (okungukuthi, izindlu ezivela ezitini, emabhulokini kakhonkolo, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe) ngisho nokushiya unyaka ngaphandle komthwalo. Yena, njengoba ibizwa, izokhulula, izithunywa. Ezakhiweni zokhuni, akudingekile ukwenza lokhu, ngoba umuthi usindile futhi udala umthwalo omncane esisekelweni.
Ukuthi isisekelo esivuliwe ngaphandle kokufaka amanzi ebusika ngokwengxenye okucatshangelwa ukuthi ukuphakama kwesembozo seqhwa ezinhlava zethu kungu-0,5 m, isisekelo silungiselelwe ubusika ngendlela ephelele. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kulimele ngokwengxenye, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ubekezelele imithwalo ebaliwe. Okokuqala, isisekelo sihlola ngokucophelela, nangokuthola imifantu noma ukukhululeka lapho amanzi angavuza khona, avale. Lapho izimo zezulu zingavunyelwa ukusebenza ngodaka kasimende, izindonga zesisekelo zivaliwe. Ukuhlobisa okulohlo ukubhoboza kusetshenziswa kakhulu umgijimi. Uma kunesisekelo esinamanzi, kuyadingeka ukuvala kuphela ingxenye engenhla yayo kusuka ekuqondisweni okuqondile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi amanzi ancibilikayo awanqwabelana eduze kwetheyipu eyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, ezungeze umngcele wezindawo zibeka ama-grooves ngokususwa kwawo impumuzo. Uma impumuzo ingakuvumeli ukuthi uthathe amanzi, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza amanzi amanzi.
Kepha kuvela izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu lapho kunesidingo sokufaka isisekelo ngesisekelo. Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuthembeka kwendawo yokuhlala eyenziwe okwesikhashana? Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma amanzi esayibona ngaphakathi futhi iqhwa lapho, izophula lonke umklamo. Kulokhu, e-Arsenal yabakhi kukhona okwayo, "indlela" yabantu: ukulahla amabhodlela epulasitiki e-bunker, okwesithathu egcwele amanzi. Lapho-ke, lapho amanzi eqhwa aqandisa khona amanzi / ngaphezulu kwemizamo ye-spacer, azozivumelanisa nevolumu yeqhwa namafutha amaningi ukuze acindezele ibhodlela, futhi ingaphansi ngeke lihlupheke. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuphepha komklamo kuphela uma kukhona indawo yokuvikela kusuka ekuchazeni kwezulu okuqondile, lapho kuphela inani elincane lamanzi elingaba ngaphansi kwesitezi esingaphansi noma echibini (amabhodlela epulasitiki (amabhodlela epulasitiki asetshenziswayo ama-3-4 izingcezu nge-1M2).
Uphahla lwesikhashana
Indlu idinga
Okungenani ophahleni lwesikhashana kwenzeka ukuthi ukwakhiwa kuyeka ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezindonga kanye nokuhlangana odongeni. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuvikela ngokubhekela ezindaweni ezivundlile zezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi uma izindonga zenziwa ngezitini ezishiywe noma zibunjiwe (ngokwesibonelo, ziqukethe amabhlokhi kakhonkolo nezitini). Ngaphezulu kwe-lattice "engapheli" kusuka emabhodini nangaphezulu embozwe nge-rubberoid, okungukuthi, kunophahla lwesikhashana. Ungakha umklamo wesikhashana we-rafter onesigaxa esivela ebhodini elingafakwanga, futhi ukumboza kusuka ngaphezulu nge-runneoid yayo. Akudingekile ukuvala odongeni ngaphandle- nge-brick brick enzima noma yobuso ebusika akukho okuzokwenzeka. Izindawo zokuphanga kwesiqu samanzi, kanye nengxenye yomswakama okutholwa yi-pores, ngokwezwi levolumu alinakunganakwa, ngakho-ke ngeke kubangeli ukubhujiswa.
Kulula ukugcina izindlu ezibunjiwe zokhuni, ngoba umuthi ovela emvelweni uvumelaniswa kahle nezinguquko ekuvumeni kwamazinga okushisa nasemgudmeni. Ingakwazi ukumunca umswakama, futhi isibuyisele ngokuya ngezimo zezulu. Ngakho-ke, eSinubi, kuphela umqhele ongaphezulu okufanele uvalwe kusuka kuma-seddiments aqondile. I-HODGE, uma ebusika, indlu eqoshiwe izobhaliswa. Ngendlela, ngisho nangaphambi kokufakwa, yonke imikhiqizo yokhuni kubuchwepheshe inconyelwe ukuphatha izigqoko zokuvikela. Ukuhlukaniswa okugcwele kwezindonga zethu lokhuni ngefilimu yepulasitiki kungukubukeka okubonakala kungukuvikela, empeleni okuletha ukulimala okwengeziwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umswakama ovela ngaphansi kwefilimu eyi-hermetic awashintshi, kepha angavuthi ebusweni bawo. I-inchides ekuxhumaneni nodonga nefilimu, amaconsi ama-condensate azophinde avunwe esihlahleni futhi, angavumeli ukuthi womile, futhi ikhabethe livale ngama-rotches amafilimu ngokushesha kunokuvulwa.
Ama-cockmones wesikhathi sokwakhiwa kophahla lwendlu ingaphothulwa ngokwengxenye, ngokwesibonelo, ama-rafter enziwe, amabele abuthene, kepha izinto zophahla azikabekwa. Bese kuba khona indawo yokuhlala yesikhashana engaphezulu, futhi ukuze kuvikeleke isakhiwo esingapheliyo ekubhujisweni okuyingxenye. Ngaphezulu kwama-rafter aqediwe, i-runneoid ibekwe futhi iboshwe ngama-slats. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nalomthetho wezindlu zozimele. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma izinhlaka ze-rafter ezivuliwe zokhuni zilimele futhi i-iced futhi isisindo sazo zizokhulisa kakhulu, ngenxa yemizamo ye-spacer, i-Frame Frame House ingahle iwe.
Ukufinyelela okuvaliwe
Vikela indlu engapheli iyadingeka hhayi kuphela kumathonya sezulu, kodwa futhi kusuka kubavakashi abangathinteki. Ngokusho kwemithetho yokuphepha ephelele, ukufinyelela entweni kufanele kuvalwe. Akukhulu kangako ngabangenamakhaya nabathandi benzuzo elula, zingaki izingane ezifuna indawo imidlalo engangena esakhiweni esingapheli futhi singazithobeki. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthola umnyango nokuvuleka ngewindi bese unika amandla into. Ukuze uthole umnyango nokuvuleka ngewindi, amafreyimu amnyama enziwa emabhodini, okuwela isikhumba, i-rubberoid noma ukukhukhumala. Ifilimu evamile ye-polyethylene ingcono ukungasebenzisi le njongo, ngoba kulula ukuphula. Ngaleso sikhathi, ungathatha ifilimu eliqinisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, izindlu ezisikiwe ezidinga isikhathi esithile se-shrinkage, kuyinto efiselekayo ukushiya ubusika ngokuvuleka kwewindi okuvulekile, ukuze ukwakhiwa kungeniswe kahle. Lokhu, yiqiniso, kungenzeka kungahlali nakho konke, kodwa kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelwe.
Phatha ngokucophelela kakade kwezokuxhumana okubekiwe. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokushisa lwamanzi oluzimele ngaphambi kobusika luyadingeka ukushaya i-compressor ukuze ususe amanzi bese ugcina amapayipi. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhipha amanzi ohlelweni lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi.
Uma indlu igcinwe isikhathi eside kunonyaka, kuyinto efiselekayo ukucubungula izindawo ezingakholeki (ama-engeli, ukugcwala kusuka kokungaphansi)) Ngokulondolozwa kobusika obunye, lokhu kucutshungulwa akudingekile - kuma-microorganisnisnis asebusika empeleni awakaze akwandise.
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga "Stroy-Inccst" kanye ne- "Anna-Ksu" ngosizo lokulungiselela lokho okuqukethwe.