Amabhodi amade abekwe yi-zigzag setha "loop" ukuqondiswa kokuhamba ngaphezulu kwexhaphozi
I-Wooden Bridge Flooling ivame ukwenziwa kusuka emabhodini, ngaphansi kaningi - kusuka ku-Half-proodi
Ngisho nemifudlana emincane etholakala endleleni yokunyakaza izodinga ukuwela
Ibhuloho lingaba ukuqhubeka okubushelelezi kwendlela noma kuhlukaniswe kuwo ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa eziphansi
I-lattice canopy idala ubude be-Half-ubude phezu kwebhuloho futhi isebenza njengokusekelwa okutshalwe eduze kwezitshalo ezikhuphukayo.
Ibhuloho lokhuni elisicaba ngaphandle kwesitimela lithuthukisa umuzwa wesikhala kuleli sayithi
Ukudideka okwenziwe ngezintambo, kuvimbela izingqikithi zezakhiwo ze- "marine" zezakhiwo
Lapho uklama, uhlobo olujwayelekile lokwakheka lucatshangwe: isithombe sebhuloho ngokwaso ngokuhambisana nokuboniswa kwalo emanzini
Ukuwela akufanele kubekwe phansi kakhulu ngaphezulu kwamanzi: Ezingeni lamanzi ehlobo livame ukukhuphuka
Ngokwakhiwa kwe- "Road" ngaphezulu kwamanzi esivandeni sezwe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intere, isiqubulo esingokwemvelo kunazo zonke, i-birch
Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zamabhuloho zithengiswa emakethe zilungile
Umbala ogqamile wocingo kukuvumela ukuthi uqokomise ibhuloho kusuka ku-Green Giss of aveleation ezizungezile
Ukujaha kuvame ukufakwa endaweni ephakeme ngo-90cm kusuka phansi phansi
Ukuwela amabhodi uma kunesidingo, ungakha emizuzwini embalwa
Engadini yaseJapan, amabhuloho ajwayele ukuphakanyiswa ngaphezulu kwemifudlana "eyomile" kanye nokugcina kabusha, egcizelela ubukhona bezinto zamanzi endaweni
Phakathi kwamabhodi phansi phansi ashiya ukuvulwa okuncane - umoya omncane
Eduze kwemibhede yezimbali noma ukuwela okubukhali okuwela, njengomthetho, yenza ngesizotha futhi kube lula, ukuze ungaphazamisi ukunakwa kwezilaleli
Abanikazi bezindlu zezwe ngokwengeziwe kungenzeka bahlukane nokukhululeka kwempahla yabo: amachibi, imifudlana nezimpophoma ayakhiwa, izintaba eziningi namaslayidi ayakhiwa. I-Achetoba esizeni bekulula ukuhamba, ngokuqinisekile bakha amabhuloho
Okuthunyelwe kocingo kubhalwe phansi ngaphansi kwezinto ezakhiwo zezakhiwo zezakhiwo zasempumalanga zamabhuloho amancane (okungukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa namabhuloho amakhulu "amakhulu okuthi, cishe zonke izinhlaka ezakhiwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile zezwe) kungumsebenzi okhethekile womaqhawe wezwe. Kubukeka sengathi kungaba lula: Ngifake izisekeli, indwangu yayikuzo ngokuhamba futhi yenza isitimela ezinhlangothini ukuze kube lula. Eqinisweni, ukwakha ibhuloho elihle futhi elihlala isikhathi eside, noma lincane, lidinga ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi ebunjiniyela. Lapho ulungela, umkhiqizo ojwayelekile, bese ucabanga ngesidingo sokubalwa, okungenzeka, akudingeki ukuba, njengomthetho, vele wenziwe ngumenzi. Uma into ingeyangempela futhi yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-oda, khona-ke uzodinga ukwengeza ukumema uchwepheshe we-Designer.
Amabhuloho akhiwe ngaphezulu kwe-eScucible noma ngaphezulu echibini, alwela ukuhlukanisa abe yizindawo eziningana (ngokwesibonelo, engadini yamanzi nendawo eyenzelwe ukugeza izilwane); Ngaphezulu kwezitshalo ezihlobisayo ezitshalwe nezitshalo nemisele yothando.
Ibhuloho lamatshe amatshe asezisekelweni lixhuma ogwini nesiqhingi samabhuloho asuka ogwini eziqhingini eziphakathi kwezindawo zokugcina, ezinikeza ukufinyelela kwamahhala. Cishe njalo bagxila ebukhoneni bento yasemanzini engadini. I-Desiososno ibonakale engadini yaseJapan, lapho amabhuloho afakwa phezu kwemifudlana elomile namachibi kusuka kuma-pobbles, kumuntu ophethe indawo yokucabanga yaseYurophu ayihlaziywa njalo ngendawo yamanzi. Basakhiwa uma isimo sendawo siwele izingalo ezijulile, izimbobo, - kulezo zindawo lapho zihlangana khona nemizila namathrekhi. Kwenzeka ukuthi isiza sihlukaniswe nomgwaqo yi-Catchment Cuvette, bese kuba nezinketho eziningana zemishini yendlela elula yokungena kanye nokungena kwemoto. Kuyadingeka ukwakha indunduma (ngaphambi kokubeka ukhonkolo noma ipayipi lensimbi ezansi kokhonkolo noma wensimbi) noma ukuyifaka ngebhuloho.
Izinqumo ezakhayo
Ithrekhi nokuwela kwenziwa ngamathayili abunjwe ngobumbano obukhulu bebhuloho elihlukile, uphonsa amabhodi abanzi ngokhuni ngokusakazwa okuncane noma nge-ops. Umklamo ofanayo wefulethi unesiphambano esivela ku-slab yamatshe amakhulu, uphumule ngokuqinile ogwini oluphambene. "IBrod" ngendima engajulile ingenziwa ngamatshe amakhulu anele anobuso obuhle obuhle, ababeka phansi embhedeni. By endleleni, kusematsheni eceleni kwe-water stroit engadini yaseJapan. Kulokhu, amatshe (noma amapuleti asekelweni) abekwe kude ukusuka komunye nomunye, ukuze ibanga ukusuka enkabeni kwelinye liye kwelinye eliphakathi nendawo. Zikhuphuka ngenhla kwezinga le-reservoir ngo-10-15 cm noma ngaphansi. Lapho amathayili etholakala cishe angamashumi amabili nesibuko samanzi, kubonakala sengathi umuntu oza kuwo uhambisa amanzi. Kepha yonke imiklamo enjalo kunzima ukubiza amabhuloho ngomqondo ophelele wegama.
Amabhuloho amaningi anikezwa emakethe angokhuni, anomklamo ofanayo kakhulu: izinkombandlela ezimbili zelitha (ziqonde noma zi-arcuate) ezinama-clove abekelwe izinhlangothi. I-lecky yenziwe ngokhuni olugcotshwe (uphayini, i-idr). Okwehla, amabhodi ajwayelekile, amabhodi ajwayelekile ayi-10040mm ajwayele ukubasebenzisa ku-encane, 5-7mm, ibanga ukusuka komunye nomunye. Lezi zikhala ziyadingeka ukuze kungenise umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakuvumela ukuthi ungagobisi amabhodi ekwakhiweni kwemiklamo engaqondile. Into engcono kakhulu yokwehla yibhodi yedeski.
Kukholakala ukuthi ukuhamba okunethezekile, ibhuloho akufanele ligobe kakhulu
Ukuwela, okumbozwe ngeshidi lensimbi elinamaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi noma imibhalo, kungakujabulisa unomphela ukunakwa okuphezulu (ukuphakanyiswa okuphezulu kwe-arc akuwona ngaphezulu kwe-10% yobude bebhuloho, okungukuthi, 30cm ngobude obude) . Amabhuloho adingekayo we-Humpback, kusobala, anenhle kakhulu futhi engajwayelekile, ajwayele ukufakwa ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa, kepha kungahle kube yingozi emvuleni kulo mklamo.
Ukusuka ngaphandle, imishayo emafutheni iboshwe ngama-racks wezandla. Ngebhuloho elincane, ama-rack amabili noma amathathu. Ukujaha okwenzelwe umuntu omdala kubekwe endaweni ephakeme ngo-90cm, futhi kuhloselwe izingane - endaweni ephakeme engama-40cm. Izikhala phakathi kwezixhaso zingagcwaliswa ngezinto ze-curly nge-geometric noma umhlobiso wemifino. Abanye babo bayakwazi ukuguqula ibhuloho elibonakala lijwayelekile ngokwehlukile hhayi isakhiwo esifanayo. Labo abanezingane ezincane noma izilwane ezifuywayo, ukwakheka okufakiwe kunconyelwa ukuba kwenziwe kube mnene ngangokunokwenzeka ukuphepha.
Izinkuni, ngaphandle kokumelana kakhulu nemiphumela yemvula ye-larch, ecutshungulwe yizingoma ezivikelayo. Uma ibhuloho lipendiwe, lapho-ke phansi kungcono ukukhetha upende wesithandwa sokupenda (ngokwesibonelo, nsundu), naku-oda, okuzohlanganiswa ngokuvumelanayo ngombala wezakhiwo ezizungezile.
Amatshe amaningi amatshe, abekwe ngokukhululeka phansi komfula, kungenye yezindlela ezilula kakhulu zokuphinda ibhuloho elisesisekelweni sangaphambi kokulungiswa: kuwo womabili ogwini, kuqiniswe amabhlokhi kakhonkolo enziwa ekujuleni okungu-60-80cm. Kusekusekela okuphakathi (noma izinkunzi) ezisekelayo, kepha zidingeka kuphela kumabhuloho anwetshiwe kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, ngesakhiwo sokhuni esinobude be-15m. Uma ibhuloho liphonswa phezu kwesiteshi sokuhamba ezikebheni nasezikebheni, enye yamaphakathi noma amabili aphakathi angenziwa mobile. Ibhuloho elinjalo libizwa ngokuthi isehlukaniso.
Cabanga ngendlela ezongena ebhulohweni: ngokushelela futhi ayinakwa (kulokhu, ukuqala kwebhuloho kanye nokuphela kwethrekhi kuhlangana ngokuphakama komhlaba) noma ngesinyathelo esincane.
Ngesinye isikhathi, amapendu ahlotshiswe ngamabhuloho alengayo. Idizayini yabo yenkampani yenethiwekhi yenziwa ezintweni eziguqukayo (amakhebu, izintambo, amaketanga enziwe, njengomthetho, kusuka ngensimbi enamandla). Ukugcwalisa ama-spans ngokuvamile asebenzisa amabhodi ezinkuni. I-Hanging Bridges ilungele ukwakha izigodi ezijulile: Ukunwetshwa ngokwanele, akudingi ukwakhiwa kokuxhaswa okuphakathi. Ama-prototypes amabhuloho anamuhla alenga, ngendlela, ukuwela izintambo kuyaziwa kusukela ngesikhathi. Bahlelwe kanjena: Ngomfula, ukusakaza intaba noma ama-ravine asontekile izintambo ezimbili noma izimbotshana ezinde noma izimbotshana, futhi amabhodi ahlanganiswe phakathi kwawo.
U-Andris Kulikov, umakhi we-Millenium Project:
Izindleko ze-Standard, Ibhuloho Lokhuni Ekhiqizwe licishe libe ngu-3m - cishe ama-ruble ayi-12000-15000. Noma yimiphi imiklamo enezinto ezingeyona typayid, futhi eklanywe ngokwengeziwe ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo ye-oda izobiza ngaphezu kwalokho (ilungiswe kakhulu).
Esikhundleni sesendlalelo ezinhlangeni ezilungiselelwe, kungenzeka ukuthi waqinisa imishayo kakhonkolo, nasefreyimu yensimbi yawo. Ngokwesikhala sensimbi, kwahlelwa phansi phansi kokhuni noma kuthululelwe egridi ekhonkolo ye-grid, futhi ngaphezulu kokhonkolo emcameni wesihlabathi, okugoqa amapuleti, ukuhlanganisa noma ukuqiniswa kokhonkolo okuqinisiwe kukhishwe. Izinhlaka ezinjalo zinzima kakhulu ngokhuni. Amabhuloho akhiwe nawo anesisindo esikhulu, kepha ake ubheke lokhu kukhanya okungajwayelekile nokuvula. Okwenziwe ngokuvamile kwenza izikhala zilimaze futhi zihlangane. Iphansi lingaba noma yiliphi - lamabhodi, asphalt noma ukudonsa.
USergey ChernyamaHhovsky, Umsunguli Wezakhiwo "I-Chernyakhhovsky neLatzis":
Amabhuloho yinye yezinto zokuhlobisa zensimu efakwe ekwakhiweni okuphelele kwi-par enohlelo lwamathrekhi, amafomu amancane wokwakha (amafomu e-Arbor, imibhede ehlukahlukene yezimbali, imibhede ehlukahlukene yezimbali, imibhede ehlukahlukene yezimbali, imibhede ehlukahlukene. Yakha ngemvelo kanye ne-stylistics yazo zonke izingxenye zezakhiwo zendawo yokuhlala kanye nezakhiwo eziseduzane. Kufanele kucatshangwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukwakheka, i-silhouette yebhuloho nokuthi izobonakala kanjani emanzini. Ngokukhethekile kakhulu kulo mqondo oqinile wagobile, amabhuloho we-humpback. Indawo enkulu yamanzi ingahlotshiswa ngokwakha okuqinile, okuqinile. Uma kwakhiwa ngokuwela okuncane noma echibini elincane, ibhuloho lenziwa lifanelekile. Hlanganisa nokubheka ukubukeka kwezakhiwo eziseduzane nokufika kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokuvumelanayo ngesitayela futhi kuhlukaniswe kubo. Ngokusobala, uma izakhi zamafasitela kanye nompheme wendlu, amabhentshi kanye namalambu enziwe ngensimbi enhle yensimbi, izitimela kanye nokugcwaliswa kweziphanzi zebhuloho kungcono ukwenza icala, likhethe umhlobiso ofanayo. Isibonelo, kungaba "braid" wamagatsha amancane abunjiwe, amaqabunga, imibala emibalabala, noma izithombe ze-silhouette zezilwane ezimnandi. Awekho amaphethini ka-geometric athakazelisayo, afakwe ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinombolo ezilula (umbuthano, isikwele, i-rhombus) ngokuhlanganiswa nemigqa emnandi - iqonde, i-wavy, i-zigzag. Eduze kwendlu-terme yaziswa ibhuloho elakhiwe ngokhuni, ngeziqongo. Uma itshe lisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlobisweni wezakhiwo, khona-ke ukufukula phansi kwebhuloho kuyenziwa etsheni, futhi amabhasikis ezitimelekile aphonswa kuso usimende.
Izakhiwo zamafomu asetshenzisiwe zivame ngempumelelo, njengoba zidala umehluko ophahleni ophahleni kanye nezindawo zamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, uma kukhona i-monochrome ethobeni leqembu lezihlahla nezihlahlana, zenziwa zikhanya kakhulu futhi zinhle. Izingadi ze-Titai, ake sithi, amabhuloho cishe ahlale apendiwe ngokubomvu, kwesinye isikhathi ukuwahlanganisa ngombala omnyama. Uma ukwakheka kutholakala eduze kwemibhede yezimbali noma i-alpine slide, kungcono ukungasebenzisi imibala ekhanyayo ekwakhiweni kwayo, endaweni ezungezile izolahleka noma, kunalokho, kuzophazamisa ukunaka.
Ukuhlwilela
Ukupenda okubomvu kwezitimela kungukubonisa izihlobo ezisempumalanga ye-sideline zohlaka lwe-pavel. Lawa ngamapulatifomu, njengokuthi unyuka phezu kwamanzi eduze nogu. Imvamisa zingukuqhubeka kwendlela yengadi futhi zenziwe ngokhuni. Zivame ukubeka amabhentshi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nama-arbors amancane. Ukuhlala lapha, kuhle ukubukela impilo yechibi, ukubamba izinhlanzi. Uma amanzi futhi ehloselwe ukugeza, khona-ke futhi indawo entofontofo yokudansa.
Faka izakhiwo ezinweleni lapho uhlaka (insimbi noma ngokhuni) luhlelwe khona, futhi kulo, ibhodi eliphansi. Ogwini, i-flooring ithembela ezigxotsheni zesisekelo, ezifana nalezo ezakha amabhuloho. I-Piles, njengomthetho, yenza ipayipi lensimbi, ngokwesibonelo, isigaba sesikwele sika-100100mm. Izigxobo zibeka njalo nge-3m. Ukuphakama kwabo kubalwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: 60-80cm wokujula kokwenzeka emhlabathini + ukujula kwendawo yokugcina + 30-40cm, okuzokhuphuka ngaphezulu kwamanzi. "Imikhono eyenziwe ngefilimu efanayo nokuhlanganiswa kwesitsha ngaphezulu kwezixhaso ezisekelweni. Ucezu olungaphansi lwe- "imikhono" lubhalwe kwifilimu ezansi kwe-reservoir, kanti phezulu kuzosuswa ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi. Siyakwemukela ifilimu kwinsimbi akufanele ibe. Empheni wawo wonke amabanga aphansi kwakha ukuphakama kwamapulangwe emabhodini amabili - ukufihla hhayi ubuhle obuhle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zezensimbi zensimbi nefilimu ebazungezile. Kunconywa ukuthi ungashiyi ngaphansi kwama-20 cm phakathi kobuso bamanzi kanye nomphetho ongezansi: njengazo zonke izakhiwo zokhuni, isigaba kufanele 'siphefumule' futhi umoya. Ngezikhathi ezifanayo zemvula kanye nesikhukhula sentwasahlobo, izinga lamanzi echibini lingavuka ligoqe phansi. Uma ibanga phakathi kwesiteji nokushaywa kwamanzi kwenza okuningi, umuzwa wokuthi ulungile ebusweni be-reservoir uzonyamalala. Ngendlela, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isigaba kufanele sidlule ngaphezulu kwama-25% wesibuko samanzi.
Engxenyeni yokwakhiwa, uthango luvame ukwakhiwa, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukisa itimu yasolwandle ehlobene namanzi, ungalula izintambo (ububanzi, uthi, 5cm). Uthango olunokwethenjelwa ngokwengeziwe (futhi kuyadingeka uma izingane ezincane zingasengadini) zenziwe ngokhuni.
Abahleli babonga inkampani "amafomu amancane wokwakha", "indawo yokusebenzela eChernyakhsksky neLatzis", "i-Millenium Project", "Palisad" futhi "bakhula" ukuze balungiselele usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo.