Izinkinga zokulungiswa kwemishini yasendlini: amadokhumenti ahambisana nawo lapho uthenga imishini, izici zokukhethwa kwesikhungo senkonzo, ukwakhiwa kwemibhalo.
Mayelana namabala eshalofini. Wayejabule ukuthi wayenabo ...
imoto ye-Steam nalokho ahlangana noCarlson,
Uchwepheshe wemoto ongcono kakhulu we-Steam Car,
Okuhlolwe ngekhono ngekhono i-valve yayo yokuphepha.
A. Lindgren. Kid no-carlson
Njalo, uthola izinto zasendlini, siyethemba ukuthi kuzohlala isikhathi eside kithi isikhathi eside futhi enkambweni yokusebenza ngeke ilethe enkingeni. Ukungenisa izihambi, lo mlotha awuhlali njalo. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma i-TV, ifriji noma i-vacuum cleacher ngokuzumayo "zakaprizninal"? E-athikili sizoxoxa ngezinye izici zokulungiswa kobuchwepheshe futhi sikutshele ukuthi yini okufanele sibhekane ngayo lapho uthenga futhi ukhetha isikhungo senkonzo.
Izindaba zase-East Izindaba eziningi zabantu bethu azinandaba nokuthi zizolungisa kanjani izinto zasendlini uma ziphuka. Ubukhulu bokuthi umnikazi ongaba khona uyakwazi, ukukhetha kumodeli ehlongozwayo "imodeli ehlongozwayo" brand "ethembeke kakhulu" brand futhi ibuze ukuthi liqoqwe yiliphi izwe. Kodwa izinyathelo ezinjalo azikwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abanikazi bamahhala wokusebenza kwenhlekelele kwale divayisi phakathi nesikhathi senkonzo yaso. Lesi sakamuva sivame ukudideka ngewaranti, yize isikhathi esilinganiselwe senkonzo siningi. Abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bemishini yasendlini basungula impilo yabo yenkonzo, okuvame ukuba yiminyaka eyi-15 kuye kwayi-15. Isibonelo, ama-TV, angaba neminyaka eyi-7 eziqandisini - eziyi-10, ezitofini zegesi - 15. Noma iyiphi inqubo ethengiswa ngokusemthethweni eRussia kufanele ihlale ukusebenza ngesikhathi esibekiwe (kubalwa kusukela ngosuku lokuthengisa umkhiqizo noma kusuka Usuku lokukhishwa, uma kungenjalo amadokhumenti aqinisekisa lolu suku). Ekupheleni kwempilo yenkonzo, umenzi akathwali umthwalo wemikhiqizo wayo.
Vele, abakhiqizi abaningi bomhlaba wonke bakhiqiza inqubo ethembekile kakhulu, evame ukuxhashazwa ngaphandle kokudilizwa amashumishumi eminyaka. Kepha ngisho nomenzi ongcono kakhulu emhlabeni angeke aqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lakhe liso leso sikhathi, "i-ambulensi" ngeke idingeke. Ngokusho kwezibalo, ngokwesibonelo, cishe ikota yawo wonke ama-washing emishini iqhuma okungenani kanye eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala yomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke lungiselela (okungenani ngokuziphatha) ekuvakasheni kwe-wizadi kufanele kube phambili. Yini okufanele uyinake, imishini yokuthenga?
Imibhalo ngokulandelana?
Ukukhetha imodeli oyithandayo, kungenzeka ukuthi uyihlole ngokucophelela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi awukho umonakalo obonakalayo, imihuzuko, izindunduma. Qiniseka ukuthi uqiniseka ukuthi konke kuhlelekile nangamadokhumenti ahambisana nawo. Qedela ukufaka:
Iphasiphothi yemishini;
Umyalo;
Ikhadi lewaranti.
I- "Grey" ibizwa ngokuthi yimishini yalethwa ezweni, wedlula abahlinzeki abasemthethweni. Ungayithola kumadokhumenti: Lezi yizitifiketi ezingafakwanga eRussia Federation, kepha, zithi, imodeli yamazwe omhlaba eyamukelwe e-European Union. Kwesinye isikhathi ayikho nemiyalo ngesiRussia. Yize ezingeni lamanje lentuthuko yokukopisha amadivaysi ukuhlinzeka imishini ngesitifiketi esiyinkohliso noma ikhadi lesiqinisekiso esithi "Grey" Umthengisi Womholo ngeke.
Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhethekile ekwenzeni amadokhumenti kufanele kukhokhwe kwikhadi lewaranti. Kufanele igcwaliswe kahle: ngesiginesha yomthengisi, kanye nokukhombisa yonke imininingwane yenqubo kanye nenkampani ethengisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa iqukethe uhlu lwezikhungo zensizakalo ezigunyaziwe (okuningi kulokho okukhona, kuzoqhubeka), ukuhlinzeka ngokulungiswa kwewaranti kanye newaranti yezezimali.
Kubalulekile ukuthi usuku lokuthengisa luzocaciswa ekhadini lamawaranti. Iqiniso ngukuthi isikhathi sewaranti somkhiqizo, kanye nempilo yakhe yenkonzo ibalwa kusukela osukwini lokuthengisa. Uma lolu suku lungenzeki, isikhathi sibalwa selokhu kwakhiwa idivaysi. I-AESLI Imodeli oyikhethile ayiyintsha, ngaphandle kokuthi icacisa usuku lokuthengisa, isikhathi sewaranti singancishiswa ngokuqinile.
Namuhla, imithetho yaseRussia isivumela ukuthi siqinisekise umkhiqizo hhayi kuphela kubakhiqizi, kodwa futhi nezinhlangano zokuhweba. "Ukususwa kobumba" kunikeza inkululeko yokuqondisa osomabhizinisi abangathembeki ngokuthengisa inqubo "sulver". Ake sithi le nhlangano yokuhweba iphetha isivumelwano sokugcina imishini nganoma iyiphi i-LLC "uphondo kanye nezinselo", bese kuba yinhlanhla kumthengi. Kungenzeka ukuthi inqubo yayo izokhonzwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu "izimpondo nezinselo" ziyesabeka ngokuphephile ekuqothulweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwenethiwekhi ebanzi yensizakalo ebanzi kwenza kube yinto engenakwenzeka yokulondolozwa kwezinto zokusebenza lapho udlulela kwelinye idolobha.
Kungani udinga ukusungula isiqinisekiso "somthengisi"? Ngokusobala, kunengqondo lapho imikhiqizo ikhiqiza inkampani encane enamathuba alinganiselwe wokusekelwa kwensizakalo yemikhiqizo yayo. Kepha lapho uthenga imishini evela kubakhiqizi abakhulu abanenethiwekhi ethuthukisiwe yezikhungo ezigunyaziwe noma izinsizakalo eziqondile, njenge-bosch (e-Sweden), i-LG ne-Samsung (i-jap (japan), i-sony (yaseJapan) (Slovenia), ireferensi engenangqondo ekhadini lamawaranti ku-rog ne-hoof LLC yisizathu esibi sokucabanga.
Vele, umthengisi ongenasiphelo angahamba futhi aqhubeke futhi athole amakhadi wewaranti futhi eminye imibhalo. Maye, kulokhu umthengi akunakwenzeka ukuthi aqaphele inkohliso. Lapha sizoncoma into eyodwa: ukuthenga kumanethiwekhi amakhulu okuhweba azokwazisa ngedumela lawo. I-Apodulity yento ethengiwe ingabhekwa ngokuxhumana nesikhungo senkampani yomkhiqizi futhi sazise ikhodi ekhomba.
Ngubani osenkonzweni yaseRussia
Izinhlangano ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulungiswa kwemishini yasendlini zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana:
Izikhungo Zezinsizakalo Zabakhiqizi bezendlu ngelungelo lokulungiswa kwalo kwe-monopoly (ama-monopolists aqondile);
Izikhungo Zensizakalo Egunyaziwe;
Izikhungo zensizakalo engagunyaziwe.
Izikhungo zensizakalo egunyaziwe. Ngaphezu kwezinsizakalo eziqondile zeMonopolists, kunezikhungo zensizakalo zabakhiqizi, ukuxhumanisa izingxenye zezindawo nezinto zokulawula kanye nokulawula amanani entengo eholidini lezingxenye ezisele zabathengisi. Lezi zinhlangano zibuye ziphethe izinkontileka zokugunyazwa kwezinsizakalo nokulawula imisebenzi yezikhungo zensizakalo egunyaziwe. Okokugcina empeleni kungummeleli womenzi. Abagcini nje ngokulungisa iwaranti kanye nokugcinwa kwewaranti yangemva kwewaranti, kepha futhi bangasebenza njengochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, ngokwesibonelo, ukwenza iziphetho ezidingekayo, mayelana nezimbangela zokuphuka noma ezidinga ukumiselela izinto. Kodwa-ke, ngasikhathi sinye, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umbono owumele womonakalo owubangelwa impahla, usayizi kanye nezizathu zawo unelungelo lokunikeza izinhlangano ezinelayisensi zokwenza imisebenzi yokuhlola. Ibandakanyekile kulokhu, yithi, yithi, i-Moscow City Bureau of Commodity Ubuchwepheshe noma Isikhungo Esiphakathi Sokuhlolwa, Esimisiwe kanye Nesitifiketi (Cies CJSC).
Inkontileka yokugunyazwa kwezinsizakalo phakathi komxhumanisi wesevisi eqondile kanye nesikhungo sesevisi ilele uma owokugcina ehlangabezana nezidingo (kwesinye isikhathi noma umkhiqizi onzima). Eqinisweni, inkontileka yokugunyazwa iyisiqinisekiso senkonzo esezingeni eliphakeme yesikhungo senkonzo, ngoba ingahle isuswe emsebenzini ongathembekile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi isikhungo senkonzo singagunyazwanga ngokungafanele ngokuhlobene nomenzi othile. Imvamisa, insizakalo efanayo ivunyelwe ngabakhiqizi abaningana. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha inhlangano yokulungisa, chaza ukuthi ngabe yiSikhungo Esigunyaziwe somenzi osidingayo. Indlela elula yokuxhumana nokufundiswa kokufundiswa ngokuqondile noma ehhovisi elimele lomenzi, lapho kungaqinisekisi kuphela imvume, kodwa kuzothuthukisa futhi ikheli lesikhungo sesevisi eliseduze kwakho (lingaba yingxenye yokuzimela nanjengengxenye yeyodwa Ezindlini ezinkulu zokuhweba, ngokwesibonelo "M.Video", "Ukuthula", "Technosila").
Insiza yezemisebenzi yasendlini nayo ingafakwa. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi uchwepheshe ogunyaziwe noma ummeleli womenzi uyadingeka ukufaka inqubo. Ngokusho komthetho waseRussia, lolu hlobo lwensiza alunalungelo lokufaka kanye nokuxhuma imishini (ngaphandle kwemishini exhunywe kwizokuxhumana kwegesi, kanye nemishini eyinkimbinkimbi) kungathembisana noma yimuphi umuntu. Iwaranti yomenzi efakwe kanjena "engagunyaziwe" ayikhanyisiwe uma inqubo ingatholi umonakalo.
Izinsizakalo ezingenayo ukugunyazwa. Ngokuqondene nabo bonke abanye abalungiselele (izinsizakalo ezingagunyazi, osomabhizinisi abazimele kanye ne- "Mane Masters"), khona-ke imakethe ibusa isiyaluyalu esigcwele. Ezinye zalezi zinsizakalo zidalwe ngokuqondile yizinhlangano zokuhweba (ngokwesibonelo, izitolo zefenisha) zokufaka nokugcinwa kwemishini ethengiswa ngesiqinisekiso sale nhlangano. Abanye babandakanyeka ku-postgaranty ukulungisa, ukuheha amakhasimende aphansi ngezinsizakalo. Yebo, leso sono sokuthi sikhuliswe, kukhona abakhwabaphansi obungenangqondo.
Isitolo - Ungaphazamisi!
Ukuhlanza okwenzeka emshinini wokuwasha kulungiswe odongeni ngesikhafu esisodwa sokuzishaya, hhayi amathathu;
Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela uzamcolo osendlini yokugezela;
Ukuphefumula kwe-heater yamanzi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-gasket yerabha eliphansi esikhundleni sensimbi ebekwe yimithetho, izinketho ezintathu zokuthuthuka okwengeziwe kwemicimbi kungenzeka. Okokuqala: Umkhohlisi wathatha imali, futhi ngeke usabona. Okwesibili: I-Master ithembekile, imininingwane oyithengile izothatha indawo. Le nketho iphumelela kakhulu, kepha izindleko zokulungiswa ziqhathaniswa nalezo eziseforkranethi "efanele", lapho kuza khona uchwepheshe nezingxenye zawo zokuphumula. Ekugcineni, inketho yesithathu kungenzeka futhi: I-Master ithembekile, kepha ayikusizi ngempela uthenge imininingwane "ne-Reserve". Ngenxa yalokhu, intengo yokulungiswa kwandisa kakhulu futhi ingaqhathaniswa nezindleko zezinsizakalo zensizakalo ye- "sleep" monopolist.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isikhungo senkonzo, akudingeki ufunde kuphela amanani ezinsizakalo zawo, kodwa futhi nenqubo yokuhlinzekelwa kwawo. Uma uthi: Bathi, inkosi izofika, izokwenza ukuxilongwa, futhi uzozifunela, kungcono ukuxhumana nochwepheshe abacebile ezingxenyeni ezisele. Qiniseka ukuthi uqiniseka ukuthi uzokhokha eqinisweni lokulungiswa, hhayi ukuxilongwa ("ngemali yasekuseni - ezihlalweni zakusihlwa").
Izinsizakalo ezedlulele zamukela uhlelo lwesigaba seziteji ezimbili zeKhasimende. Kulokhu, inkosi eyodwa ixilonga inqubo futhi ibika ukungasebenzi kahle ekuthumelweni. Ukusuka lapho, enye inkosi ifika ukusuka lapho: iyaletha futhi isetha imininingwane oyifunayo. Uhlelo olunjalo luyamukeleka impela. Ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise izindleko zepaki yezingxenye ezisele. Kuliqiniso, unobubi: Ukuxilongwa ngaphandle kwengxenye efakiwe, "ngokungaboni" akusebenzi njalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinsizakalo kunomkhuba wokuheha amakhosi ngaphansi kwenkontileka kwizikhonzi. Insizakalo esebenza ngale ndlela empeleni yenza umsebenzi wokuthumela, ukusabalalisa kabusha uhlelo lokusebenza phakathi kochwepheshe. Isikhungo Senkonzo kufanelekile ngoba sisusa wonke umthwalo wemfanelo kuwo ukuze uthole ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi empofu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kufakwa isicelo, kungcono ukucacisa ukuthi amakhosi asenkonzweni "okwakuphela noma asebenze kosomabhizinisi abazimele abazimele.
Akuwona wonke ama-Service Center angakwazi ukukhokhela indawo eyanele yezingxenye ezisele - yini esingakhuluma ngayo ngamakhosi anesizungu ?! Isibonelo, insizakalo "amamodeli amamodeli" enkampanini ye-Indesit namuhla inezinto ezingaphezu kuka-400, uhlu olugcwele lwezingxenye kubo luyizikhundla ezingama-5,000. Imishini eminingi kusuka kumamodeli we-electrollux-2600. Uma isikhungo senkonzo sifisa ukuncintisana futhi sikwazi ukubekezelela usuku olwamukelekayo lwe-application (izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu), izingxenye zayo zokugcina izimpahla kufanele zibize okungenani okungenani i-1-1,5mln. Ayikho insizakalo encane emabuthweni "egaya" amavolumu anjalo ngaphandle kosizo lwabakhiqizi.
Eqinisweni lokulungiswa, amadokhumenti okukhokha kufanele akhishwe kahle. Igama lenhlangano, igama le-Master, uhlobo lobuchwepheshe, imbangela yocingo, uhlobo lokwehlukana, lubaliwe, zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi zibhalwe phansi futhi izindleko zazo ziqoshwa. Naka ukunemba kokugcwalisa i-Blalov, njengoba besho, uDeveli ulele imininingwane.
Izindaba zase-East Ekugcineni, sifuna ukukhumbuza: Lapho kutholwa ukungasebenzi kahle lokho kwenza insiza ukuthi isebenze kungenzeki, inqubo ingathathelwa indawo ngemuva kwesikhathi sewaranti. Satshelwa ngu-Otaku enkampanini "Elko-Service". Fnouped abanikazi besiqandisi, lapho, ngemuva kwalo, ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yokusebenza, ipulasitiki engxenyeni yesiqandisi yambozwa ngemifantu futhi yahlubuka. I-wizard Emenyiwe ihlole idivaysi, yaqaphela ukuthi isici esingenakuthenjwa futhi sabhala phansi amadokhumenti avunyelwe ukumiselela umkhiqizo. Kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuphela ochwepheshe abavela esikhungweni senkonzo esigunyaziwe noma esikhungweni sesevisi ngqo kusuka kumenzi anikezwayo phakathi kokuhlinzwa wonke. Uma insizakalo yenziwa kuyo yonke imithetho, ngaphandle kokungenelela kwangaphandle, bese ngokuya ngomthetho wamanje, kuzothathelwa indawo umkhiqizo onephutha nomthengisi noma umenzi wamahhala.
Abahleli babonga inkampani "El Ko-Service", amahhovisi abamele izinkampani "izinto zasendlini yase-BSH, i-electrolux ukuze athole usizo lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.