Ukulungisa indlu enezitezi ezimbili nendawo ephelele ye-149 m2 yezitini. Amatshe angaphansi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba wokwakha indlu yezitini.
I-Octukaturization ngokuqiniswa kwegridi yepulasitiki;
B - ukumboza uxiding noma izinkuni ngohlaka lwensimbi
Amakamelo ezitini kanye nezindlu zezwe zijabulela ukuthandwa okuhle. I-ITO icacile. Ezitini, izakhiwo ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside zanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa nezitezi kwakhiwa. Ukukhetha kwe-Ashirochi kwezindlela zokuhlobisa okulandelayo kwezindonga zikuvumela ukuthi uthole izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze-stylistic. Kepha kukhona amatshe angaphansi kwamanzi ebhilinini lebhitki esizokwethula kulo kule ndatshana.
Uma, lapho kusakha izindlu zokhuni ezikhathini eziningi zamacala, ungakhuluma ngezisekelo ezingasindi, bese kuba yisitini, ngakho-ke indlu enzima idinga isisekelo esingesihle, nayo, yona, izibopho zokutadisha i-geology yenhlabathi. Lokhu kuwukuthi inkinga ebalulekile esizoyiqala ingxoxo.
I-Geology of Inhlabathi
Imininingwane mayelana nokwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zemishini yezomshini zenhlabathi zesakhiwo sazo zingatholakala kumafemu asebenza ngokukhethekile ekwenzeni ucwaningo lwezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lochwepheshe abanolwazi abanelayisense elifanele bazibandakanye ezifundweni ezifanayo. By the way, esimweni sezinkampani ezimbi kakhulu zokwakha, empeleni kukhona isazi sokuma komhlaba ozokweluleka. Izindleko zensizakalo zincike kwinamba nokujula kwemithungo kanye nevolumu yamasampula emhlabathini. I-Vitoga kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhokhe u- $ 500-1000, uma umthetho yangasese uthatha umsebenzi; Inhlangano izonikeza inani eliphakeme.Kuzokwenzekani esizeni sakho? Ngokuya ngephrofayili yendawo, usayizi nokwakheka kwesakhiwo okubizwa ngokuthi yisakhiwo, uchwepheshe uzonquma ikhadi leShurf. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokubangela ngezikhathi ezithile ekujuleni kwesisekelo esizayo (futhi kwesinye isikhathi kujule). Okulandelayo, ama-shurts azothatha amasampula omhlabathi (ama-cores) ukunquma ukwakheka kwawo kanye nezimpawu zomshini we-physical. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlaziya, imephu izodonswa phezulu, ibonakalisa ukujula kwesisekelo senhlabathi, ukwakheka kwabo, izinga lomhlaba, ukuba khona kwemizimba yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukusakaza.d. Ngokusho kwaleli mephu, ochwepheshe abaqambi bazonquma ukuthi iziphi izisekelo ezilungele leli cala elithile.
Ukuhlola kwe-geological kufanele kwenziwe ngesibopho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isisekelo siyisisekelo sezakhiwo zesikhathi esizayo. Intengo yayo ingu-20-30% wezindleko eziphelele zebhokisi lendlu, kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo ngokuzayo kuncike ekuthembekeni kwalo.
Kuzokwenzekani uma unquma ukunganaki ukuhlola kwezwe noma usebenzise ngokuhlangenwe nakho komakhelwane, obonakala evamile ngendlu? Mhlawumbe akukho lutho olubi futhi hhayi ukunyakazisa (bese ubheka lokho onenhlanhla). Kepha mhlawumbe konke kuzophuma ngenye indlela. Yize kunjalo, awuzange ucabange ukuthi akuyona indlu enjalo, njengamakhelwane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, futhi isisekelo uzoba nomunye, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwendlu ingahluka. Kushibhile, kulayishwa kusuka esakhiweni kuya emhlabathini futhi, kunalokho, emhlabathini kuya esisekelweni kuzohluka ngokuphelele. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, umthwalo wesisekelo, odalwe ngamandla kafulawa weqhwa, uzoba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunomthwalo owenziwe ngesisindo sendlu, isisekelo ngeke sigcinekale ekugcineni. Ngenxa yalokhu, isakhiwo sizoqala ukuhamba kanye nomhlabathi (Ochwepheshe bathi: "Lesi sakhiwo sibhukuda"). Ngaphandle kwalokho, okungenani, ukufakwa kwe-hydro kanye ne-thermal of thengament kuyaphazamiseka, kuzovela imifantu ebunjiwe yezinwele ezindongeni. Icala likafeqha, njengoba odokotela bethi, umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka ... (Cha, cha! Akekho owesabisa noma ngubani! Vele ukhumbule indlu engapheli emikhumbini enkulu edolobhaneni. Isizathu esibalulekile se Ukubukeka kwalezi zinkinga ngokushesha kwesisekelo.) Ngakho-ke gcina noma ungagcini ekuhlolweni kwe-Geological- ukuxazulula.
Yini ekhona, ngaphansi komhlaba?
Inhlabathi ihlukaniswe imihlangano yaba amaqembu amabili. Ifomu lokuqala elibhalwe phansi, ligcwele amanzi (ubumba kanye no-loam). Inhlabathi yesihlabathi sesibili, umswakama ushiya kuwo kalula. Ukumelana kwaleyo neminye imithwalo eyenziwe yisakhiwo cishe okufanayo, umehluko usemandleni oFrosty Powder kuphela. Emidlalweni nasezinkolweni, kungaphezu kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi, ngakho-ke, inhlabathi enjalo ingaletha inhlabathi enjalo. Kepha ayikho imithetho ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Isibonelo, okuhlukile kungenzeka lapho okuthiwa yi-Clay castle kulala ngaphansi kwesihlabathi esinogqinsi lwe-3-4m, engadluli emanzini. Leli cala ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ekwindla esisekelweni lizosetshenziswa ngamandla okuxoshwa, ngaphandle kokuphakamisa isisekelo kanye nendlu, kodwa futhi lonke uzungu lwako lonke. Esinye isimo siyakhula lapho ngaphansi kwesendlalelo sesihlabathi yindawo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-water lens lens-sand cavity lapho amanzi akhona khona noma engaphansi komhlaba. Kungaba njengomfula omncane noma umfula osayizi abaphakathi nendawo kanye nomfula onamandla okwazi ukuhamba, noma ngisho "nokuphatha" amabhlogo wesisekelo.
Ukusongoza icebo
Esigabeni sokuklama, uzoba nezinqumo eziningi ezibalulekile. Vele, ungakhokhisa konke lokhu kubakhi bezakhiwo nezinhlangano zokwakha, bazokucabanga. Kuliqiniso, uma-ke, ngesizathu esithile, ungavumelani nesiphetho sabo, uyakwazi ukuphikisana: "Noma sizokwakha njengoba sithi, noma sithinte enye inkampani!" Kukhona futhi amakhasimende angamemezela: "Yakha- Njengoba ngishilo, hhayi ngenye indlela!" (Kuliqiniso, khona-ke bayamangala ukuthi kungani kwenzeka ebiza kakhulu ...) Kepha womabili la macala ahlukile.
Ngomakhi wezakhiwo, usonkontileka (umakhi) kanye nomnikazi wesikhathi esizayo sokwakheka kwendlu (unjiniyela), impela isigaba lapho kungenzeka ukuthola ukuyekethisa phakathi kwamasu okwakha okwamukelekayo kuleli cala namakhono akhona ezezimali. Kuzofanele ukhethe kuzo zonke izigaba zomklamo. Okungukuthi, kungukuthi inqume uhlobo lwesisekelo kanye nokuqukethwe okuzokwakhiwe ngalo, ukubuka kanye nokuqukethwe kwezindonga, ukunqwabelana, ukwakheka kophahla kwe- IT.p. Kepha ungacabangi ukuthi uzokusho umklami, okuvela kuliphi futhi kanjani. Umakhi uzophakamisa izinketho ezihlukile (kusuka kulawo avunyelwe kuleli cala) kanye nokubalwa okulinganiselwa ngenani labo. I-Avam kuzofanela inqume ukuthi iyiphi kuwe efanelekile ngentengo nekhwalithi. Ngakho-ke kuze kube umkhawulo othile. Ini?
Ake sithi: Ukwakhiwa kwe-1m2 ekhaya ngesakhiwo esifanayo kungabiza u- $ 300-330, futhi mhlawumbe u- $ 500-600. Konke kuncike ezindleleni zobuchwepheshe, kanye naseNhlanganweni yenqubo, kusuka ezintweni zokwakha. Kepha eshibhile kune- $ 300 ye-1M2, indlu yezitini ayikwazi kwakhiwe, kube nengozi yokuthi isakhiwo sizomane sihlukane, ngoba izinto ezishibhile ngeke zikwazi "ukusebenza" ngokuphepha. U-Ini Omunye umklami ngeke azisebenzise.
Sizoqala ukuthi sikutshele ngokushesha izinketho ezingenzeka kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokwakhiwa nezindleko zazo ezisondele.
Isisusa
Indlu engenakusasa (kulokhu i-monolithic noma i-Cubst Ribbon Foundation ifanelekile, kepha inhlabathi yagcwala ngokuphelele - okubizwa nge-monolithic perlete elele cishe phezu komhlaba);
Indlu enomhlaba wezobuchwepheshe (ungakhetha isisekelo se-Ribbon, kepha ngokuvuvukala okuguqukayo kuphela engxenyeni engaphansi; emakamelweni wesobunxele ungabeka i-boiler yokushisa namanye amasu adingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwendlu);
Indlu enesisekelo "esakhiwe" (kuyo, ngaphezu kwemishini eshiwo entweni eyedlule, ungabeka igalaji, ithiyetha yeshashalazi yasekhaya, i-sauna yawo.d.).
QAPHELA, akukho lutho olungenakwenzeka esikhathini sethu alona - nganoma yiziphi izimo zezwe (noma ngabe zingaphansi komhlaba zigeleza ngaphansi kwendlu) Unelungelo lokugcizelela egumbini elingaphansi "eligqoke". Umbuzo uthi izindleko ezizodinga. Kuyafaneleka ukucabanga, ukubala okukhethwa kukho ... IVitoga ingahle ivele ixazululwe ngezinkinga zakho ezishibhile, uma ukhulisa indawo yesakhiwo noma wakhe indlu ehlukile yegumbi le-boiler, egaraji.d. Ochwepheshe bakweluleka: Uma ngokwezibalo zokuqala, izindleko zokwakhiwa kwesisekelo zidlula ama-50% entengo yendlu yendlu (noma iza nayo engaphansi kwendlu yendlu (noma iza nayo), ukusuka egumbini elingaphansi "lokuhlala" lokuya egumbini elingaphansi.
Uma kungekho ngaphansi kwesisekelo. Kulokhu, izisekelo ze-Ribbon ziyiMonolithic noma i-contyculated. I-Monolithic Tape kufanele ikhetheke kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
ngokuzamazama okuphakanyisiwe;
Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezwe (it.d. amalensi);
Uma udale indlu ngesakhiwo samahhala (njengasezindlini zanamuhla).
Othandweni amanye amacala, umsebenzi uxazululwa ngempumelelo ngosizo lweSisekelo Sikazwelonke. Izinzuzo zayo zingakhiwa kanjena:
Akunasidingo sokulinda kuze kube yilapho ukhonkolo uthola amandla (aqediwe noma anele ukuqhubeka nokwakha), njengoba kudingwa yi-monolith;
Kungenzeka ukuthi usebenze cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka (isikhathi esifudumele singcono ku-monolith);
Icishe ibe yi-10% eshibhile.
Iqembu lesizwe leRibbon kwesinye isikhathi lihambisana nemigqa eminingana ye-Brickwork. Kuyadingeka ukuze uvumelanise amabhlogo noma uphakamise izinga lokugqagqana kumaki wokuhlola, uma ukuphakama kwebhlokhi yonke kukhulu kakhulu.
Uma ingaphansi likhona. Cishe i-win-win-win, kepha ngokungabizi kakhulu isisekelo se-monithicic Foundation. Kulokhu, bamba umgodi, ezansi kwawo azenza uSandy bese umcamelo wamatshe. Okulandelayo kwathulula ungqimba olungaphezulu lukakhonkolo (100mm). Kubekwe ku-rollproased materproofing (ama-rolls of rolls "ama-weld" nomunye ukuze aphoqelele indawo eyodwa) noma asakaze ukhaphethi oqinile wamanzi (wenziwa uku-oda ngokwesisekelo kanye nokucushwa kwesisekelo). Lapho ubeka, izinto ezingavikeleki manzi kufanele zikhishwe ngaphesheya kwemikhawulo yedwa engaphansi (khona-ke lezi zinguqulo ziphakanyiswa ezindongeni futhi "webhusayithi" ngokuvikela amanzi).
Uhlaka olungapheli olungenamanzi lubekwe ekunikezelweni kwamanzi ngamanzi ngokukhishwa kokuqiniswa ngaphansi kwezindonga, ngemuva kwalokho kuthululelwa i-conkcrete slab ngobukhulu baka-200-300mm. Lapho-ke ifomu le-vertical lifakiwe (Uhlaka Lokuqiniswa lubekwe naphakathi) kanye "nezindonga" zesisekelo. Ngemuva kokukhulisa ukhonkolo kanye nokususwa kwefomu, lezi zindonga zingamanzi ngaphandle (zisebenzisa izinto ezifanayo ezingaphansi kokhonkolo) futhi, njengomthetho, nxazonke. Ngendlela, udonga olungaphansi lungeyona kuphela iMonolithic, kodwa futhi neqembu lesizwe elivela emabhulokini ama-FBS. Inketho ehlanganisiwe kungenzeka futhi, ngokwesibonelo, lapho izindonga zangaphandle zingamaMonolithic, futhi zangaphakathi ezihlanganisiwe noma izitini.
Isisekelo sesisekelo ngemuva kokuqala kokusebenza kuza abathuthukisi abaningi (baxhumanisa lesi sinqumo nomqambi), ekuqaleni bahlela ukulahla isisekelo "sokuhlala". Ngani? Lapho wenza isisekelo se-Ribbon ku-Middle Band, udinga ukumba umsele wokujula okungu-2m (ukujula kokuqandisa kungu-1.4-1.7m kanye nomcamelo wesihlabathi kanye ne-gravel - 300mm; futhi uma impumuzo yesakhiwo iyinkimbinkimbi, ukujula kungakhuphuka). Nobubanzi be-Ribbon yesisekelo 400-600mm, kuyadingeka ukuthi umsele wobubanzi ubunobubanzi obungu-1-1,5m (kuyadingeka ukubeka umsebenzi wokuqina nokuqina kwawo, kanye nesisebenzi okudingeka ngime endaweni ethile ; Ngaphandle kwezindonga zemisele kumele zithambekele ekubeni ngumhlabathi awuzange ubhekane nakho). Ngenxa yalokho, lapho ibanga phakathi kwezindonga zesisekelo lingu-3-4m, kufanele ususe inhlabathi. Ilch lapho idlula khona ngo-5-6m, kungenzeka ukuthi ulondoloze "iziqhingi" zenhlabathi. Mhlawumbe kulula ukuyikhipha ngokushesha ebusweni bonke? Njengoba esuswa, mhlawumbe, mhlawumbe, kuwukuhlakanipha ukugcwalisa ipuleti (kuzobiza u- $ 120 nge-1m2) futhi selivele libeka amateyipu "wezindonga". Nokho, lapho isitofu siphonswa futhi ngaphansi kwaso kukhona ungqimba lokungena kwamanzi, akunangqondo ukwenza ukuvuvukala okubuyela emuva. Ngakho-ke, "okungahlelwanga" ngaphansi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlobo lwesisekelo owukhethile ndawonye nomdwebi wezakhiwo akuyona imfundiso. Idizayini yokwakheka nayo ibhekwa ngokwakhiwa kwekusasa ekhaya. Uma inengxenye ethile eyakha imithwalo ephakeme, kungenzeka ukuthi isebenzise umklamo ohlangene: Yisho, isisekelo seribhoni ngamakholomu, izicathulo ezingeziwe ze-IT.D. Kepha isakhiwo kwesinye isikhathi sinezingxenye ezingasindi (ngokwesibonelo, ingadi yasebusika). Leli cala libuye liveze umklamo ohlanganisiwe - ngaphansi kwengadi kukhona itheyiphu efuywayo enhle, enamathiselwe ngokuqinile esisekelweni esikhulu.
Ukuvimbela amanzi nangaphansi kwe-insulation
Uma indlu ihlelelwe ukuba yisisekelo "sokuhlala" (ikakhulukazi ngamakamelo afana ne-sauna), kubhekwa njengesitezi esigcwele. Njalo, lapho izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lingaphezulu kwe-3M, kufanele lincishiswe ngokwakha uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaphansi lifakelwa bese lingena ngaphansi kwamanzi.Ukwakha uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi eceleni kweSisekelo (kude cishe 1m kusuka kulo) emhlabathini, amapayipi akhethekile abekwe ngokuthambekela okuthile, lapho amanzi ahlanganiswa khona emthambekeni othile. Ukuvimbela amanzi kwenziwa yindlela echazwe. Kungenzeka ukufudumeza izindonga ngesandla sangaphandle nangaphakathi. Kungcono ukukhetha okokuqala, khona-ke indawo ewusizo ngeke ilahleke. Kungukufakelwa ngosizo lwamapuleti amapuleti e-polystyrene ahlanganisiwe afakwe kungqimba lokufaka amanzi (akunakuhle nje njenge-polystyrere foam, i-thermal insulation arouncies couefficient).
Kukhona futhi ingxenye yesithathu, indlela entsha yokufakelwa, eyenziwa esigabeni sokuphonsa izindonga ezingaphansi. Izindonga zenziwa ngongqimba ezintathu. I-proactory ifakwe ozimele ababili abazimele, phakathi kwayo babeka ipuleti le-polystyrere foam 100mm. Lapho-ke ozimele ngokusebenzisa i-polystyrere enwetshiwe ihlanganiswe nokuqiniswa okuvundlile futhi ithululelwe ukhonkolo. Umphumela ucishe ufane nokufakelwa kwangaphandle, futhi izindleko ziphansi, ngoba kusetshenziswa i-polystyrene evamile (eshibhile).
Ngemuva kokuphela kwayo yonke imisebenzi, isikhala esiseduze nodonga simbozwe inhlabathi ye-drainage.
Uma ingaphansi endlini akunjalo, i-ribbon yesisekelo yanele ukumane ikhohlise nge-bitumen mastic (ngezingqimba ezimbili), kanye nezinto ezigoqiwe ezingenamanzi zizosetshenziswa ngaphezulu kwe-tepi, kuzovikela ingxenye engenhla ye-tepi, izovikela ingxenye engenhla ye isakhiwo esivela kumswakama we-capillary.
Bopha amandla adonsela phansi ne-inthanethi
I-Monolithic Overlaps inika amandla ukuhlelwa kwamahhala njengendawo yangaphakathi kanye nokutholwa kwangaphandle kwesakhiwo (ungasebenzisa amafomu we-erker namanye amafomu curvilinear). Kulula ukunika amandla ophahleni lwe-monolithic ku-prequabrical, amathuba okuqhekeka ku-Stove Junction ephezulu. I-KEDnostoks kufanele ifake inani eliphakeme nobunzima bokusebenza kwamazinga okushisa amabi (kungaba izithasiselo ezikhethekile, noma ukufudumeza, okukhulisa izindleko zokwakhiwa ngo-10-20%). Ama-struts of the umbono ofanayo wezici zamandla zazo zombili izinketho ziyalingana: Ukugqama okuhambisana nomthwalo we-600-1250kg / m2 (kuya ngobukhulu kanye nobude bamapuleti).
Ngesikhathi sokwakha, isixazululo esihlanganisiwe kungenzeka: ingxenye yophahla (lapho ivumela khona i-geometry yezindonga) yenza ama-preabs, ingxenye-monolithic.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziselwa ukusakaza phansi kwe-monolithic of the formwork. Ngecala elilula, lingasebenza njengendlekwe ngamabhodi ahleliwe kanye nama-racks kusuka ezingonini ezijwayelekile. Kepha ukugcwala kutholwa yikhwalithi efanelekile: ukhonkolo uchotshozwa kwigebe, amabhodi ahlukile anqwabelana. Umphumela wakhelwa ubugqwala okuthiwa, okuzodingeka ukuthi adubule futhi avumelanise ngodaka. Ngokuvamile, ilungele inketho enjalo. Ingabe lokho kudlula ngaphakathi. Kwabakwa-Intermemediates, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-materproof noma i-laned feaned kanye nama-racks akhethekile we-telescopic aguqukayo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusetha kahle izinga lokugqagqana. Akudingekile ukuzithenga (zibiza kakhulu) - Ungaqasha (lokhu kuzobiza u- $ 8 kwi-Rack Expres ngayinye). Esikhundleni salokho, kuthengwa amanzi ngisho nalowo ojwayelekile, okushibhile kaningana futhi abekezelela ukugcwaliswa okubili (futhi akusekho ukudinga). Kepha kunoma yikuphi, lapho usebenzisa i-plywood, ingaphezulu lophahla luzobushelelezi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuzodinga izindleko ezincane lapho ziqediwe.
Ifomu elingasuswanga - ama-Metal Corrugals (amafulegi asemthethweni) asetshenziswa kubhangqa ngama-racks aguqukayo. Idizayini izophenduka ibe nzima (amakhanda okuhlanganiswa kweshidi) futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Kepha le nketho ibiza kakhulu kune-10-15% ebiza kakhulu kune-plywood yesikhathi esisodwa, ngemuva kwalokho ilahlwe ngaphandle. I-IIS yazo zonke izindlela zokuqeda uphahla lapho uyohlala ezondla ngocingo.
Vele, ungenza ukugqagqana ngezinsimbi zokhuni noma zensimbi. Le nketho ibaluleke kakhulu kuleli cala lapho i-crane ingafakwa (imishayo iphakanyiswa futhi ngesandla). I-Overlaps enjalo kwesinye isikhathi ishibhile kunokhonkolo oqinisiwe, kepha umthwalo ugcinwa kakhulu- 200-500kg / m2.
Ezinye izakhiwo zezakhiwo zodonga
| Udonga | Izinto zokwakha | Ubukhulu, mm. | Ukuphindiselwa kokushisa kokushisa ro,M2C / W. | Izindonga ze-1M2, hlikihla. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isitini | I-Full-Stylekirpich | 690. | 1,41. | 3800. |
| Hopperkirpich | 690. | 1,63. | 4800. | |
| Iphepha elinambitheze | Izitini ezihlekisayo | 120. | Cishe 3. | 3200. |
| Ukwahlukanisa | 100 | |||
| Isitini esingenalutho | 250. | |||
| Ngokufakelwa kwangaphandle | Isitini esingenalutho | 250-380 | 3,16-4,44 | 2600-2900. |
| Ukwahlukanisa | 100 |
Izindonga
Kodwa-ke, muva nje, bobabili abakhi kanye nabanikazi besikhathi esizayo 'bezindlu' zesikhathi esizayo bayekile ukuhlela - ngokuya ngezidingo zeSnip II-3-79 * "I-Construct Heat Engineering" kanye nokuvikela amabhilidi " Izidingo ezandayo zezakhiwo ezilondolozwa ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, izixazululo ezimbili ziye zakhiwa manje: Uhlelo lwangaphandle lokufakelwa kokufakwa kwangaphandle nezinhlelo ze-multilayer ezinomfaki ophumelelayo.
Ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Multi-Laner, sivame ukusho kahle-masonry ngokufakelwa okusebenzayo phakathi. Lesi sakamuva singasetshenziswa njengezimbumbulu zoboya bezimbiwa (ezibiza kakhulu) namapuleti e-polystyrene (enye yezinketho ezingabizi kakhulu). Ngaphezu kokufanele, lo mklamo unamaphutha amaningi. Okokuqala, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi komsebenzi owenziwe kanye nesimo sokufakelwa akunakwenzeka (uma kungaphuli izindonga). Okwesibili, phakathi kokufakwa koboya obumayini, okucindezelwe odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesitini, futhi udonga lwangaphandle kufanele lugcinwe igebe elingena umoya (20-30 mm). Ukuba khona kwalo kanye nesimo sayo sokulawula, i-ALOS, futhi akunakwenzeka. Ngokuvamile, kuvumelana nale ndlela, sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha iholide futhi ulandele inkambo yomsebenzi wokwakha noma uqashe umbukeli ozimele.
Lokhu kushiywe kuncishwa uhlelo kusetshenziswa ukufakwa kokushisa kwangaphandle (iningi lochwepheshe likubheka njengempumelelo ngokwesimo se-multilayer). Ngokuvamile, ukufakwa okufanayo okuhlanganiswe odongeni lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo, bese kuvalwa noma kuvalwe ngezinto ezibhekene nazo (lokhu kungafundwa ngalokhu esihlokweni esithi "Ukushisa Kwekhaya Lakho"). Okokuqala, amaphutha avela ngenxa yemisebenzi eyenziwe kahle noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbi anqunywa ngaphandle futhi aqedwe kalula. Okwesibili, ukulungisa kungenziwa endaweni yanoma iyiphi indawo ye-facade. Hhayi-ke, kuthiwani ngalezi zinketho zokunikeza ukukhetha, zizophinda zikuxazulule.
Idizayini yophahla
Kulesi sigaba, kuzofanele ucabange ukuthi ngabe i-attic idingeka yini endlini noma kungcono ukwenza isitezi sesibili se-attic. Ukufakwa kwe-attic kwenziwa ngokugqagqana, ukufakwa kwenketho ye-attic, ngokusho komdwebo wephayi we-multilayer: Ukufakwa kwe-vapor - ukufakwa (100-200mm obukhulu) - Ukufakwa komswakama okuvunyelwayo. Inani lokuphuma kwezikhala ezivuthayo e "Pie" elinjalo lincike kwizinto ezikhethiwe zophahla (lesi sihloko siqokonyiswa esihlokweni esithi "Uphahla, uphahla, ukuphaphama" pie "").Ingxenye yesiphambano ye-rafted ibalwa ngokuya ngomthwalo okhiqizwa ukwakhiwa kwe-rafter, isisindo sophahla, iqhwa kanye nomoya ophahleni lweqhwa, kepha i-winder encane ). Futhi esigabeni sesiphambano se-rafter ukuthonya ububanzi be-spans nezinye izinto. Izinto zokwakha zingena enkambweni ezahlukahlukene. Ezimweni, kusetshenziswa izakhiwo zensimbi (ezinama-spans ezinkulu kakhulu noma emachibini ngenxa yokwandisa umswakama wokwakhiwa komswakama). Nge-span enkulu, kusetshenziswa imigoqo yokhuni noma ebizayo. Kepha kaningi emakamini anamuhla anendawo eyi-100-700m2, ukuhlela izinkuni okujwayelekile kusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-rafter design: ingxenye yesikhunta engu-15050-200100mm. Ngokuvamile, kuleli cala konke kuncike ekufiseni kwakho ukuhlela indlu: ngeke kube khona ukundiza okukhulu, ngeke kudingeke futhi kudingeke izinto ezibizayo ezinhlelweni ze-rafter. (Ochwepheshe balinganise ukuthi ngokwanda ngobude be-span enamamitha ayi-10, izindleko ze-1M kuphela zokwakheka kweRafter zizokhula ngo-10-12%.) Kunengqondo ukucabanga ngokungathi sína ngezinto zophahla - intengo yayo nayo iyahluka kakhulu.
I-ALSA ingenye ye-nuance. Imakethe iveza amafemu ahlukahlukene athengisa izinto zophahla "pie". U-Azena ubonakala efana nokuqokwa kwezinto zokwakha ahlukile kakhulu. Kubangela isilingo sokuthatha indawo ngesikhathi sokwakha izinto ezibizayo ezibizayo. Kepha kungcono ukwenqaba esinyathelweni esinjalo. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, kuyadingeka ukuqondiswa ngokucacile amamephu wezobuchwepheshe adonswe ngomenzi othize. Ukubuyiselwa okuzimele kokuqukethwe okukodwa kwabanye kungaholela emiphumeleni engalindeleki. Uma ngempela ufuna ukwenza lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana noMklami.
Umhlobiso wangaphandle nokungaphakathi
Indlu ngaphakathi. Sicabanga ukuthi izinto zokwenziwa ezisohlwini ezingasetshenziswa ukuqeda izindonga zezitini, phansi kokhonkolo nophahla, asikho isidingo. Amathuba lapha afana nasendlini yedolobha, futhi anempilo. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi lokhu kwanele ukukhipha okungenani leyo ndaba kamagazini ofunda ngayo njengamanje.
Ukubalwa okukhulisiwe kwezindleko * Ukwakhiwa kwendlu ngendawo ephelele ye-149m2, efana nale
| Igama lemisebenzi | Inombolo ye | Intengo, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi weSisekelo | |||
| Kuthatha izembe, ukwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuphumula | 59 M3. | Okuqophele imali | 708. |
| Idivaysi yesihlabathi, imfucumfucu | I-77M2. | 3. | 231. |
| Idivayisi Yezisekelo Zekhonkolo Eqiniswe Ribbon | I-19M3. | 60. | 1140. |
| Idivaysi yokugcina izindonga ezivela emabhuloki kakhonkolo | 14m3 | amashumi amathathu | 420. |
| Ukuvuleka kwamanzi okuvundlile futhi okulandelayo | I-120m2. | okune | 480. |
| -Nke | 2979. | ||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | |||
| Ukhonkolo esindayo | I-19M3. | 64. | 1216. |
| Vimba ukhonkolo | 14m3 | 80. | 1120. |
| I-granite yamatshe echotshoziwe, isihlabathi | 24m3 | 28. | 672. |
| Isixazululo esindayo esindayo | 3.9m3 | 56. | 218. |
| IHydrosterClozol, Bituminous Mastic | I-120m2. | 3. | 360. |
| I-armature, izihlangu zamafomu nezinye izinto zokwakha | - | - | 340. |
| -Nke | 3926. | ||
| Izindonga, ukwahlukaniswa, ukunqwabelana, ukuphapha | |||
| Ubumbano lwezindonga zangaphandle zobunzima obuphakathi kwezitini | I-56M3 | 32. | 1792. |
| Amadivayisi we-Brick Cartitions aqinisiwe | I-83M2. | Okuthenyalwayo | 830. |
| Ukubekwa kwamaphaneli we-sclap, ama-jumpers okuvuleka | 148M2. | - | 890. |
| Idivaysi yezingxenye zeMonolithic kusuka kukhonkolo | I-4M3 | amashumi amahlanu | 200. |
| Idivaysi ye-monolithic Stairs ekhonkolo eqinisiwe | I-16M2. | 95. | 1520. |
| Ukubutha izinto zophahla ngedivayisi ye-crate | 320m2. | ishumi nane | 4480. |
| Ukufakwa kwezimbozo kanye nokufakwa ngokweqile | 468m2. | 2. | 936. |
| Idivayisi yeVaporizolation | 468m2. | okukodwa | 468. |
| Idivayisi ye-Tile coating | 320m2. | isishiyagalolunye | I-2880. |
| Ikhabetheni ikhabethe, i-porch, ama-visors | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 600. |
| Ama-eaves athwele, svezov | I-19M2 | ishumi nesithupha | 304. |
| Ukugcwalisa ukuvula amawindi namabhulokhi eminyango | 17m2. | - | 595. |
| -Nke | 15495. | ||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | |||
| Isitini sokwakhiwa kwe-ceramic | 25,7 ama-PC ayizinkulungwane. | 170. | 4369. |
| Isixazululo se-Masonry | I-31m3 | 55. | 1705. |
| Ipuleti lokunqamula kokhonkolo oqinisiwe | 148M2. | ishumi nesithupha | 2368. |
| Ukhonkolo esindayo | I-7m3 | 64. | 448. |
| Izinkuni zeSawn | 20m3 | 120. | 2400. |
| Paro-, Wind-, amafilimu we-hydraulic | 468m2. | 2. | 936. |
| Ukufakwa koboya obuncane | 380m2. | - | 1200. |
| I-Ceramic tile, izinto ze-dobarny | 320m2. | - | I-8960. |
| Iwindows kanye ne-Door Blocks | 17m2. | - | 3400. |
| -Nke | 25786. | ||
| * - Ukubalwa kwenziwa ngamanani alinganiselwe amafemu okwakha ama-moskva moskva ngaphandle kokunaka ama-coefficients |
Abahleli babonga ifemu "jetstroy", "Abc-Stry" usizo lapho kulungiswa lokho. Sibonga ngokukhethekile enkampanini ethi "Jethstroy" ngezinto zokwakha zezithombe futhi usize ekuhleleni izithombe.