Imibono engelona iqiniso yokulinganisa nokuklanywa kwamathrekhi engadini: izinto zokwakha, izindlela zokuvula izindlela "zohlelo lwesibili", ukwakhiwa kwezitebhisi zengadi.
Amathrekhi ahlotshiswe ngezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Zilungele ukuhamba, ngokwesibonelo, eduze kwechibi. Izimbotshana eziphakathi kwamatshe zitshaliwe izitshalo ezikwazi ukuthwala ukuphuma
Amathrekhi engadini - izincwadi zethu zokuqondisa buthule. Kubuzwa indlela yokuhamba esizeni, isize ngokushesha ukusuka ekhoneni elilodwa lengadi kwelinye, izindawo ezahlukahlukene zihambisana ndawonye, zonke izakhiwo kanye nezinto zezwe.
Izindlela namathrekhi ziyisisekelo noma, njengoba ochwepheshe bathi, "Skeleton" kuyo yonke ikhambi lezakhiwo nokuhlelela indawo. Inethiwekhi yemigwaqo inconyelwa ukuhlela kusengaphambili, ngisho nasekwakhiweni komhlaba (izinhlelo zesimanje zekhompyutha ikuvumela ukuba ubone ngeso lengqondo ukubukeka kwanoma iyiphi ingadi). Hlinzeka ngezindawo ezivakashelwa kakhulu; Cabanga ukuthi uzogibela kuphi ibhayisekili, uphathe i-barbell engadini noma ugoqe i-stroller nengane encane, bese kwenye indawo ukuhambisa kwelinye izwe. Nquma ukuthi imaphi amathrekhi azosetshenziswa njalo, futhi amanye ngesinye isikhathi (ngokwesibonelo, ehlobo kuphela). Kukhethwe icala ngalinye, kukhethwe impahla ekhethekile, i-contour idonswa futhi idizayini yomuntu ngamunye iyadalwa. Lapho uklama amathrekhi namapulatifomu, kuyadingeka ukunakekela indawo futhi uqinisekise ukugeleza kwamanzi okusheshayo ngesikhathi semvula (ukufukula komhlaba kufanele okungenani kube ngu-0.03, noma 2). Ngaphandle, amathrekhi engadini alula futhi alulapheki, kepha lokhu kulula kuphela okusobala: ngenhlangano efanele, yisakhiwo sobunjiniyela esiyinkimbinkimbi.
I-Home Magist
Umgwaqo oholela ekwangongweni (noma kusuka ku-wicket) kuya ekungeneni okuphakathi nendawo eya endlini kubhekwa njengento eyinhloko. Kuyinto enkulu futhi "eqotho". Uma kukhona igalaji lemoto esizeni, umgwaqo onjalo noma igatsha lawo nalo kufanelekile. Ngomgwaqo omkhulu omkhulu, ukusetshenziswa okuqinile futhi okusebenzayo kuyasetshenziswa. Njengomthetho, kungaba design monolithic (ukhonkolo noma asphalt), noma ukudonsa (umgwaqo ungakhethwa "amapuleti" ahlukahlukene - ukhonkolo namatshe, ama-slabs).
Umgwaqo we-monolithic ukhonkolo muhle ngoba unganikezwa noma yiliphi ifomu, ichaza kakhulu i-curvilinear. Ukwakha ukunamathela okunjalo, "umkhombe" ngokujula okungaba ngu-10-15 cm, umcamelo wamatshe kusuka ku-rubble ngobukhulu be-6-8cm Parlew to ezansi kwayo. Emaphethelweni alolu phefu, kufakwa ifomu lokhuni, lapho kuthunyelwa khona ukuxutshwa kokhonkolo. Ukuze wenze ukuqina kube ukunamathela okunjalo, ngaphezulu kwemfucumfucu yemfucumfucu kwabeka igridi yomgwaqo ekhethekile. Ngokuya ngemithwalo okufanele ihlole imigwaqo emikhulu (noma ngabe abantu bazohamba noma bagibele izimoto ezithwala izimpahla), faka ukhonkolo wobuningi obuhlukile. Ingxube yokhonkolo enamandla anamandla ilungiselelwe kusuka ku-Cument, isihlabathi esinama-coarse kanye nemfucumfucu ngenhla ye-1: 3: 2. Amandla amancane andisa okuqukethwe kwesihlabathi.
Ukuze indawo ekhonkolo yendawo enkulu (umgwaqo obanzi, igceke noma ipulatifomu eduze negalaji), imifantu ayakhiwa, kuyadingeka ukuhlela "imishini yokushisa". Ubukhulu bezikhala phakathi kwazo buya ngezinto eziningi futhi busuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-6m. Ingaphezulu lekhonkolo lekhonkolo lingehluke kakhulu: bushelelezi, bushelelezi, balingise izitini noma amatshe. I-Asphalt Coatings emasimini engadini ibekwe kakhulu.
Umgwaqo omkhulu omkhulu unganakekelwa ngamakhonkolo ukhonkolo, itshe (ukuvinjwa kwe-granite, i-basalt noma ushukela, amapuleti e-shale noma itshe lokufakelwa), amathayili abumba izitini. Bonke labo ochwepheshe bezokumboza babiza kanzima. Kubo, kuyadingeka futhi ukulungiselela umcamelo wokudonsa, ubukhulu bokuthi inhloso ye-cannon yomgwaqo. Okokuqala, bamba "umkhombe" ukujula kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-30-50cm, phansi kuyaqondaniswa futhi kuthambekele. Kukhona ungqimba wesendlalelo semfucumfucu enobukhulu be-5-15 cm (imvamisa esetshenziswa ngxenye yemfucumfucu engu-15- 20mm), ngaphezulu kwesihlabathi semfucumfucu, nabo baqondaniswa futhi bahlanganiswe. Kumathrekhi amancane abahamba ngezinyawo enhlabathini engeyona engenalutho, umcamelo wesihlabathi esisodwa onobukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-10 kunganele. Amacala abi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini enobuthi, ezansi kanye nezindonga "zethrabu" zinconyelwe ukuba zenziwe i-geotexile. Lokhu okuqukethwe, hhayi ngaphansi kokubola, imiphumela isikhunta, isikhunta nokuxhumeka okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali, yenza imisebenzi eminingi ngasikhathi sinye. Kuvimbela ukuxubana kwemishini komcamelo we-drainage kanye nomhlabathi womama, kuvikela indawo yomgwaqo kusuka ezimpandeni ezikhulayo zezitshalo.
Izigaba zokwakhiwa "kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo" Track Track phakathi kwe-moss. | ||
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Indwangu ye-polypropylene ifakwa emcabangweni we-drainage ophelile, ovimbela ukukhula kokhula. Lapho-ke, emicabangweni enesihlabathi esiphansi, i-tile ibekelwe (a), ingaphezulu liyachitheka futhi kuyo yonke indawo yalo ngokufana hlobo laletha ama-mosses alethwe ehlathini (b, b). |
Kuya ngendlela yokubeka izinto ezabeka izisekelo ezisekelweni kungaba "owomile" noma "umanzi." Ngama-eaving "owomile", izitini, amatshe noma ama-slabs agqitshwayo ngqo kungqimba eliqondayo nelinqunyelwe lesihlabathi. Enye inketho ukuwabeka engxube esomile yesimende yesihlabathi, nangemva kokubeka uchithe i-waterpath enamanzi. Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukile ngesimo nombala wezakhi kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ubuningi bemidwebo yokugoqa. Izambatho ezahlukahlukene zihlanganisiwe: ngokwesibonelo, zifaka kusuka etsheni lemvelo, ingilazi enamabala, imfucumfucu yemabula, ama-pebble olwandle noma ama-polymers angeza kuma-slabs. Izikhala zamahhala emgwaqweni, ezibunjiwe ngamatshe amakhulu amatshe, angagcwaliswa ngamatshe amancane emvelo.
Ukugoqa usebenzisa isixazululo se-masonry ("emanzi") kufana nomsebenzi ojwayelekile. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa emaphethelweni aphansi esitini ngokwawo, ukugoqa noma amatshe ithayela, noma esisekelweni esilungiselelwe (indawo yama-masonry) bese "tshala imali" izakhi zendawo. Imisipha phakathi kwabo, uma inkulu ngokwanele, ingagcwaliswa ngesisombululo se-masonry noma, njengasekupheleni kwe-paving "eyomile", inhlanganisela yesimende-sandy, esethambisane. Isikhathi sokuqala sekwindla-ubusika sizokhombisa ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani yonke imisebenzi yokwakha. Isikhathi esisha esinemvula endleleni engemihle yethrekhi yehluleka, ukuvuvukala, noma kumane nje "kushiya" eceleni.
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Amasu kagesi anikezwa ngochwepheshe be-Neva-Technogen (Russia). Izinto (ezimbili, ezintathu, ezine ngisho nangaphezulu) zihlanganiswa nosayizi nemibala ehlukile. Izingoma ezingajwayelekile, ziqhathaniswa kwesinye isikhathi ngemihlobiso eyinkimbinkimbi, Guqula ithrekhi, kwenze kube okuhlukile, ngokungafani nokuphumula. |
Ukufana kanye NabaseMeridi
Kusuka emgaqweni ophakathi nendawo ngezindlela ezahlukene kukhona amathrekhi amancane, futhi avela kuzo kukhona nezindlela ezincane. Kukholakala ukuthi uma umuntu oyedwa ehamba ngomkhondo, ububanzi bawo kufanele abe ngu-60-80 cm. U-Adlsa ukuze ukhululeke ukusabalalisa ezimbili ukusuka ku-120 cm.
Amathrekhi we- "Plan Second" angenziwa ngezinto ezifanayo njengezinto eziphambili, kepha kaningi kukhona amatshe amatshe, agcotshwe, emhlabathini, agcwele amagxolo anezinkuni, acutshungulwa yizingoma ezikhethekile ngokujikeleza (konke Lezi zimbozo zibizwa nge- "soft"), noma ngokhuni. Vele, ukwahlukaniswa okunjalo kwezinto zokwakha kunemibandela. Umgwaqo ophunyukayo engadini ungaba amatshe noma ngokhuni, uma izimoto zingangeni kuyo.
Kukholakala ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwamatshe kungomunye wabashibhile namaphaphu kudivayisi. Ekuqaleni, kanye nokugoqa, balungiselela isisekelo semfucumfucu kanye nesihlabathi - kungaba ngokumba kwangaphambili kwe- "umkhombe", noma ngqo ebusweni bomhlaba. Endabeni yesibili, emaphethelweni omgwaqo, imingcele yetshe noma izitini ayakhelwe empeleni, ukuze amatshe "akwehliswa." Imingcele kanye nokushaya (zivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi, kuvame kakhulu kusuka ngokhuni noma ngopulasitiki) kusadingeka ukuze kuvikeleke "ama-excenents" womhlabathi ezungeze imibhede nemibhede yezimbali. Balala ngendlela enjalo ngetshe elinamatshe noma itshe elichotshoziwe le-10-20mm kububanzi. Ama-gravel coating adinga ukunakekelwa kobuhlungu. Ngaphansi kwe- "TREOS" ebekwe yizicubu ze-polypropylene, ezizosiza ukulwa nokhula, zikhula ngamatshe kusuka emhlabathini. Ukhula, lugxila engxenyeni ye-gravel uqobo, kufanele ichithwe ngesandla. Udoti omncane ungasuswa ngosizo lwamabhulukwe abalandeli noma okuhlanzayo kwe-vacuum, kodwa ebusika kunzima ukuhlanza ithrekhi enjalo evela eqhweni naseqhweni. Kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu, ivuselelwa, ungqimba olusha lwamatshe amatshe avuselelwa.
I-VVDA ingabekwa umswakama - i-Hortus, Italy). Yenziwe ngezinkuni izinhlobo, ukumelana nokubola kanye namafriji kuze kube -25c: iroquo, ipe kanye ne-tika. Tiles 30030030 noma 60030037mm exhunywe komunye nomunye nge-latch
Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu isihlahla (samathrekhi, i-larch ivame ukusetshenziswa; kubalulekile ukuthi omiswe kahle). Vele, isihlahla asimi kanzima kangako njengokhonkolo noma itshe. Kepha lapho kucutshungulwa ukufakwa okukhethekile kokulwa nokubanjwa kusebenza iminyaka eyi-10. Faka isicelo kanye Pine: Kushibhile, kepha futhi "I-Shelf Life" ngaphansi (kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5). Ungakha izinketho ezahlukene zokuklama usebenzisa amabhodi noma ukhulume. Izinkuni zihlanganiswe kahle nezinye izimbobo. Ngenxa yokuthi idonsa kahle umswakama, amathrekhi wokhuni ahlala efaka isisekelo sokudonsa amanzi. Abanconywa ukuthi bahlele ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Amathrekhi apendiwe lapho ukunyakaza kungabi kakhulu, ungavuselela ngemifino. Kulokhu, ingxube evundile yezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-turf, i-peat kanye nesihlabathi esinama-coarse ibekwe ezingubeni ezinkulu. Izitshalo zokuhlobisa namakhambi atshalwe lapha, athwele kalula ukuphuma. Le yi-Acena, izithiyo (izinhlobo eziseduzane nezemvelo, ezinomoya ophansi, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga anamanzi amaningi), igumbi, umthwalo (ikakhulukazi amaswidi anemithunzi), i-oatmeal, izinhlobo ezibonakalayo (ngokwesibonelo, ezibonakalayo), ama-Mas ahlukahlukene . Amakhwela asondela emaphethelweni wethrekhi anganamathiselwa ezinhlotsheni ezingezincane, izinhlobo ezincane, ama-cuffs.
Izindleko zemigwaqo yomgwaqo ziqukethe izakhi ezintathu: amanani entengo yezinto zokwakha umcamelo wokudonsa, ukunamathela kanye nomsebenzi. Enye yezinketho ezishibhile - umgwaqo we-gravel, ozokubiza ngama-ruble angama-600. ngo-1m2; I-Pavement Tardom - kusuka ku-800rub.; Ukugoqa ama-slabs ahamba - kusuka ku-1000 rub. Izindlela ezibiza kakhulu zokuwohloka nge-clinker Brick kanye ne-granite (kusuka kuma-ruble angama-2000 nge-1M2). Okukhulu ubude bethrekhi, kwehlisa izindleko zemitha ngayinye yesikwele.
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Kususelwa cishe kuwo wonke amathrekhi engadi, kukhona umcamelo wokudonsa wemfucumfucu nesihlabathi. Ubukhulu besendlalelo ngasinye buya ngohlobo lomhlabathi, imithwalo esolwa ngokumbozwa komgwaqo kanye namakhono ezezimali wekhasimende. Emhlabathini onobunzima, ama-geootellits kumele abekwe. Emaphethelweni, edonsa ngokhuni, kwakhiwa amashidi wesitini noma ngensimbi. Lesi sakamuva sicishe singeneme futhi silungele amathrekhi ezinhlaka zamahhala. |
Izitebhisi engadini
Izitebhisi zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni - ziyadingeka emasimini atholakala emazingeni ambalwa lapho izindawo eziphansi ezishintshashintshayo eziphakeme (endaweni ephakemeyo enobuqili obungaphezulu kwe-0,1, noma 6). Bathathwa lapho kudingeka ukuphakamisa ithala noma abe nosodomle kuvulandi. Ukuze kube lula ukunyakaza, kubalulekile ukuhlela kahle indawo ye-Garden Staircase, ukubala inani lezinyathelo, ububanzi be-stinging (indiza evundlile yesigaba) nokuphakama kwendiza esiteji) . Izitebhisi zengadi zivame ukwenziwa ngomnene. I-ORTAMPAAL ukuphakama kwesikhuphukeli 12-15 cm nobubanzi bokunamathela kusuka ku-30cm. Inani lezinyathelo lingasukela ku-3-4 kuye ku-10-15. I-Fortunight ye-Gong Span ihlelwe indawo ebanzi yokuzilibazisa noma iplatifomu yokuzilibazisa. Izinyathelo kufanele zibe ngisho nangaphezulu. Akunconywa ukuthi kwakhiwe izintokazi, ezinamathela ngaphansi kwezinyathelo ezintathu, - izivakashi ngazo zivame ukukhohlwa (noma nje ungaqapheli), futhi abanikazi uqobo bayokhubeka. Ububanzi obuncane besitebhisi, bufanele ukunyakaza, ngu-90cm. Imvamisa, ububanzi babo buhambisana nenkomba efanayo yamathrekhi aseduze.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezitebhisi zengadi, okuthiwa zishumekiwe futhi mahhala. Izitebhisi zohlobo lokuqala "ukusika" ngqo emthambekeni wobumba (kukholwa ukuthi kulula ukuyakha), futhi ngokuxhaswa kwesibili, kusebenza isisekelo esiklanywe ngokukhethekile, kuvame ukuqiniswa ngokhonkolo okugcizelelwa kakhulu. Ngokuhlobisa izitebhisi, njengezindawo zokulandela, izinsiza ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziswa: izinkuni (amabhodi noma i-spike), ukhonkolo (i-slabic noma i-slall (i-purtone, i-sandstone, isihlabathi) , kanjalo futhi okwenziwe. Ngokuvamile khetha izinto ezifanayo lapho amathrekhi kanye nesikhulumi esiseduze kwezinyathelo enziwa. Ngokuphambene, ungathatha umbala ohlukile kanye nokuthungwa. Kwesinye isikhathi inhlabathi (noma izitebhisi zomhlaba) zakhiwe.
Ubuntu bomlingiswa
Kunombono wezimpahla, ngokusho ukuthi ithrekhi enhle kakhulu, ebekwe emgqeni oqondile, ngebanga elifushane kakhulu phakathi kwezinto, ayihlali lihambelana neqiniso. Konke kuncike enhlanganweni yezinye izinto kanye nesitayela. "Abasebenzi" amathrekhi phakathi kwemibhede, kunjalo, kufanele aqonde. Imizila ye-Ephreli ihlala ingcono ukuyenza nge-winding, ukuvumela isivakashi ukuthi idlule endaweni eyodwa engadini iye kwesinye, ukuzwa umuzwa wokumangala, izimfihlo, shintsha imizwa yakho. Kukholakala ukuthi ukugoba kwamathrekhi, ukuguquguquka kwezindawo ezivaliwe nezivulekile namanye amasu akhulisa isikhala sengadi, yize indawo encane ngenxa yenyoka ekhuphukayo izobukeka ngaphansi.
Izingadi zansuku zonke, lapho izitayela eziningi zikuso leso sikhathi, kunemikhondo ehlukahlukene. Phakathi kwazo kumiswe ngandlela thile futhi kunesici. Ngakho-ke, akukho lutho oluqashelwayo kunamathrekhi ajwayelekile we-landscape: imigqa eqondile, egijima ngezindlela ezihlukile ezivela esizeni esiphakathi nangokungathi ilungisiwe ngokusho kombusi. Bahlukanisa ukutshala izihlahla nezihlahlana, imibhede yezimbali kanye notshani ezigabeni zezimo eziqinile zejometri. Ukusuka ezintweni ezibonakalayo lapha cishe konke: kanye nokugoqa ngezitini noma ngokhonkolo, kanye nokhonkolo we-monolithic, kanye nemizila eluhlaza, eluhlaza kuphela, ngokuphelele. Ithrekhi yethrekhi ikhungathekile, ngoba ivame kakhulu ukusebenzisa ama-slabs, amatshe amatshe amatshe noma itshe lemvelo. Engadini yaseJapan, i-TRONE "TRAIL" yabonakala ivela engadini yaseJapan: Lapho kwakha amatshe akhe amakhulu abekwa kude nesinyathelo komunye nomunye, ukubathola kohlaza. Ama-landscapean aseMedithera adume ngezinhlungu zamatshe amatshe kanye namatshe amancane emifula afakwe ku-pollar usimende. Ezindleleni eziseduzane nasendlini yasemakhaya, isihlahla, isitini, itshe lemvelo, elinemibala nombala ngezinto zokwakha, kufanelekile, lapho kwenziwa khona izakhiwo ezizungezile.
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Indima phakathi kwemibhede kufanele iqonde futhi ibanzi ngokwanele ukushayela imoto yengadi lapha. Izinketho zokwakhiwa kwesethi yethrekhi ethi "Ukusebenza": Kungaba umthetho ojwayelekile, ukudonsa, amapuleti abekwe ekugcwalisweni kwamatshe. Ukukhetha "izinkalo ezinzima", cabanga ngohlelo lwendawo ukudlulisa unomphela izindlela ezinjalo ezinzima |
Izitebhisi ngokuya ngendawo kanye nohlobo lwensimu zihluke kakhulu. Eduze komnyango wangaphambili wendlu bayazithoba - banzi, baqonde. Bazenze emapuletini amatshe noma izitini. Ama-Corner ahilelekile kunezitebhisi ezingezona zesikrini ". Isebenzisa izinto zemvelo kaningi: kungaba design ngezinsizakalo zokhuni, ukunamathela kwayo okumbozwe ngamatshe amatshe noma i-shale crumb. Amantombazane angempela afakwe emhlabathini: Izinyathelo zabo ezincane zitholakala kwi-chess oda, zibonakala zikhula emhlabathini ngezimbali namakhambi.
Abahleli babonga inkampani ilbosco, zsc-1, "Nevva-Tekhnogen", "Rosla", "Strioymaster" ukuze basize ekulungiseni izinto ezibonakalayo.