Isimo sendlu enezitezi ezimbili (148 m2) kusuka kubha yiyona evame kakhulu, engaphumi futhi ayihlanganisiwe. Izigaba eziphambili zokwakhiwa.
A- kukhonks;
B- "ephela nge-spike yendabuko"
Isibeletho engxenyeni yobubanzi be-bar "semi-rede"
(inesimo sama-halves omsila wokugwinya);
B- ezinkemba
Udonga loku-1 lwesihlahla;
2-Chamber;
3 Iphansi Laga;
I-4-ntambo cranial 5050mm;
5-floor emnyama;
6- Ukufakelwa;
Ibhodi eliphansi eli-7;
8-Pergamine;
9- "Issun"
Siyaqhubeka nengxoxo ngesihloko sokwakhiwa kweDacha. Izikhathi ze-Watht sizoxoxa ngokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezivela kokujwayelekile, okungafanele futhi zingezona ezingezinhle.
Izindlu zasehlobo ezimbangi ezingozini zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Owokuqala yilawo lapho ungahlala khona ngokushesha ekugcineni kokwakhiwa okwenziwe esigabeni esisodwa. Lezi uhlaka lwezakhiwo, kanye nalezo ezakhiwe ngokhuni, omiswe ezimweni zokufakelwa. Isigaba sesibili sifaka izindlu ezakhiwe okungenani ngezigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala kwakha ibhokisi (lisethwe ngonyaka), bese wenza ukuphela kokugcina. Sifaka isigaba sifaka izakhiwo ezivela entweni ejwayelekile (engakhohlisayo futhi engakhohlisi) yomswakama wemvelo. Kungenekanyi ngakunye lula kwezakhiwo zozimele, imigoqo yakhiwa izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngaphezulu. Yini abahehayo kangaka?
Kungani ukhethe ibha?
Indlu yozimele, lapho ungangena khona ngokushesha, kuyadingeka ukukhokha imali ephelele ngasikhathi sinye. Ukwakhiwa kwezihlahla zomiswe ezimweni zokufakelwa (kubiza okunjalo okunjalo nge-B2Free ebiza kakhulu kunokudlalwa komswakama wezemvelo) kudinga ukuqaliswa kwesimo esifanayo. Indlu ye-Avota kusuka kubha enomswakama wemvelo ayikuqedi lokhu. Njengoba sekushiwo, ukwakhiwa kwalo kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana, futhi inkokhelo yayo yenziwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Kukhona okungenani izinyathelo ezimbili ezinjalo, kepha uma kunesidingo (ngokuyinhloko ngokwezezimali) kungaba ngaphezulu. Futhi isikhathi phakathi kwezigaba singanwetshwa, sivumelane nabo bonke ngezimali ezifanayo. Futhi izindleko ze-1m2 (ngaphandle komhlobiso) cishe "zinesizotha" - 6000-7500 rub.
I-DASCH yezinto ezingezona ezomnotho ngokuyinhloko ayijwayelekile kuHlelo Technology. Amafreyimu anama-racks njalo ngama-40 cm, embozwe zombili izinhlangothi ngezinto zesimanje zamashidi (amapuleti we-OSB, i-plasterboard, abonakaliwe ngoxhaso lwasekhaya. Kuboniswa kahle ngezindlela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu emvelweni wabathengi abangahle: "Noma yimuphi uHooligan uzokwazi ukunwebeka odongeni" futhi "angifuni ukuhlala ebhokisini elingenisiwe kusuka ngaphansi kukabhanana." Akakwazi ngisho nokususa ukungabaza ukuthi izindlu ezihlekisayo zimelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okufika kumaphuzu ayi-9 (ukwakhiwa okungasindi kwenqwaba).
Okungathi, izakhamizi esikanye nazo ziyaqiniseka ukuthi izindonga zendlu kufanele zibe zikhulu - zingcono ku-log obukhulu, futhi uma kungenjalo ilogi, njalo kusuka kubha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinhlaka ezivela kulokhu okuqukethwe azikho ngaphansi kwe-log: zikhululekile futhi zinobungane nemvelo, futhi kusukela ngephuzu lokuqeda okuqhubekayo ngokweqiniso. U-Athena esibonelweni seZindlu Zezwe enikezwa yi-Moscow Abs-Stry Moscow Firm, sizoxoxa ngemininingwane ngezindlela ezikhona kanye nokwakhiwa kokwakhiwa okuvela kubha.
Ukuziphatha kwesisekelo ezweni elihlanganisiwe
Ngemuva kokuncipha inhlabathi, isisekelo singabuyela endaweni eyedlule nhlobo, noma sibuyele ngokungafanele. Umphumela kungenzeka uguquke, futhi owakhe, futhi uphumule kuyo. Ukuze lokhu kungenzeki, i-themement yodwa kumele ibekwe ngaphansi kwezinga lama-primeros omhlabathi (kulokhu akusho ukuthi ingcindezi yenhlabathi yenhlabathi engezansi), noma ekujuleni okunjalo, lapho amandla khona Amabutho alinganiswa ngumthwalo ovela esakhiweni (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Fine-Broad Foundation). Othandweni, ukuphela kufanele kususelwe emcameni wesihlabathi. Njengoba kucace: inhlabathi ebunjiwe yedwa iyahlanzwa futhi ithathelwe indawo ngesihlabathi, esingakhathali.
Ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yesenzo samandla wobuphofu (i-VIG) yezisekelo ezishaywe ngaphansi kwemingcele engezansi, kunconywa:
bazenze kusuka kukhonkolo eqinisiwe;
wandise isisekelo sesisekelo;
Ukwenza izindonga zingaqondile, kepha zincipha.
Umjikelezo we-Zero
Izindlu ezingama-Brous zivame ukwakhiwa kubha, slab noma izisekelo zeRibbon.Izisekelo ezishiwoyo. Okulula kakhulu kubhekwa njengesisekelo esibizwa ngokuthi "amakholamu athambile" (kusho ngokuningiliziwe ngakho ku-athikili "izikhala zemibhoshongo"). I-bang yamakholomu ingabangelwa zombili isisekelo se-pile, into esemqoka yayo, eyenziwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Ngale njongo, amapayipi e-asbetic anobubanzi obungu-150mm ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa lokhu, afakwe emgodini emhlabathini owenziwe ngombala onsundu. Ngokuziqhenya unikeze ukuqiniswa, bese kugcwele ingxube ekhonkolo. Ukuntuleka kwesisekelo esinjalo kusobala: ikholomu ngayinye "ihamba ngokwayo."
Okunye okuthembekile enye inketho - "Ruralsk kumakholomu". Lezi izinqwaba, zixhumeke ngokuqinile komunye nomunye engxenyeni engaphezulu-emhlabathini nge-concrete ribbon eqinisiwe. Ingxenye yayo yesiphambano isuka ku-300150 kuya ku-700500mm, ibanga phakathi kwekholomu alikho ngaphezu kwe-3M. I-Scarlet ephakanyisiwe phezu kwenhlabathi okungenani i-50mm, futhi isikhala ngaphansi kwe-Lislep ilele ngesihlabathi noma ngodaka. Izindleko 1Pog.m. Idizayini enjalo isuka kuma-ruble angama-2000. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi izisekelo zokukhula ezikhulayo zezinqwaba zizibonakalise zona zibuthakathaka nasezinhlabathini ezixegayo (ngokwesibonelo, peatlands) - ama-pill kuleli cala ayaphoqelelwa ukuze afike kungqimba eqinile yenhlabathi.
I-Slab Foundation. Leli yipuleti ekhonkolo eqinisiwe lapho isakhiwo sizoncika kuzo zonke izindonga zaso. Izisekelo ezinjalo zilungele inhlabathi enobunzima enezinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, ngoba awesabi ukunyakaza kwawo okumile futhi okuvundlile. Izisekelo zikaNootie zemigwaqo efanelekile (1m2- ukusuka ku-3000rub.), Ngoba zidinga ukusetshenziswa kokhonkolo okubalulekile nokuqiniswa.
Izisekelo ze-Ribbon. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi izinhlaka zokhonkolo eziqinisiwe zinomumo ofanayo wesigaba (ithephu) nangaphansi kwangaphandle, nangaphansi kwezindonga zangaphakathi zenethiwekhi. Ukubhoboza inhlabathi kuqhakaze ngaphansi kwamachashazi okungqubuzanisa. Izisekelo zeRibbon zakhiwe kuphela ngaphansi kwezakhiwo ezisindayo. Izindlu ezilula zokubhula amathuba okuthi zakhiwe phezu kwalokhu okuthiwa yi-Belt Belt Basements (Indiza yazo ephansi itholakala ekujuleni kwe-400-700mm). Bashibhile (1pog.m- ukusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1300) futhi bathembekile, ngoba baluhlaka oluqinile oluvuselelwa kabusha olwenziwe kabusha kabusha kwezindawo zesisekelo.
Ukubeka amabhukumaka ezisekelweni ezinjalo, bamba umsele ngokujula kwe-900mm bese belala ngesihlabathi ngo-300mm. Umcamelo wesihlabathi ophumela udabuke ngokuphelele futhi uchitheke ngamanzi. Lapho-ke isigaba sekhonkolo esiqinisiwe se-600400mm senziwe, futhi ngemuva kokuthi ukhonkolo iqandisiwe, babeka i-tepe emncane emabhulokini weSandcate. Kungenzeka okujwayelekile (grey) amabhlogo ajwayelekile, noma umbala, nokuningi, okufana nalokho, uhlangothi olungaphambili lwalo lulingisa izithombo zezithombo (ngenxa yalesi sisekelo futhi ngaphandle kokubheka ubuhle). Ukwakhiwa kweRibbon kungenziwa ngisho nasebusika, kunjalo, uma ngabe izithasiselo ezikhethekile zilethwa ngokhonkolo nodaka lwama-masonry.
Ochwepheshe banconyelwa ukubeka itheyiphu enjalo ngaphansi kwezindonga ezivunayo nangaphansi kwazo zonke izingxenye ezivelelayo zendlu, ngokwesibonelo ngaphansi kompheme. Uhlangothi lweSoda, lukhulisa izindleko zokwakha - ukudalwa kwetheyipu ngaphansi kompheme kuzobiza ama-ruble angama-3200. (Ama-ruble akhohlisayo - 2000, umsebenzi- 1200rub.). Kepha i-porch enjalo iqinisekisiwe ukuthi ingaziphathi njengento ezimele yokwakheka (njengoba kwenzeka lapho ifaka kukholamu) nasekupheleni ngeke "iphule" endlini.
Yiphi isikhathi ongayikhetha?
Ukuthengiswa Ungahlangana nebha yomswakama yemvelo (okuningi ngezakhiwo zayo nokuziphatha, ingxoxo ibisesihlokweni esithi "Dacha ngezinsuku ezi-5") kulezi zingxenye ezilandelayo: 120120, 140150, ngo-150180, ngo-180180, ngo-180180. Kaningi, isikhathi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ngesikhathi sika-150100 no-150150mm (Intengo 1M3- 300rub.), Kanye nemishayo ye-Overlaps nezinhlelo ze-Rafting - 200150mm. Izinto ezibonakalayo ezinjalo zibiza kakhulu (1m3- ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-3700), ngoba kwenziwa ngomzuliswano okhethiwe.
I-AnnEde ethandwayo ibha 100100mm manje ithathwa njengento engenakusiza. Okokuqala, ukushuba kodonga okungu-100mm kubanda kakhulu kuno-150 mm, okungukuthi, kuzofanela kubekwe phansi (lokhu, ngendlela, kufanele kucatshangwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi). Okwesibili, ngenani elifanayo le-Bar uqobo, ukubulawa kokwakhiwa kwezindonga kukhuphuke ngokwengeziwe: inani lemiqhele eliboshwe odongeni landa ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5, futhi, ngakho-ke, inani lemikhumbi elizobe libanjwe ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudla kungenye yemisebenzi ebiza kakhulu (1POG. M- kusuka kuma-ruble angama-30), futhi nochwepheshe bawo abafanelekayo basebenza.
Lapho ukhetha ibha, kufanele futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi isigaba salo se-cross silinganise kakhulu ubude bodonga olungadingi idivaysi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqina (ukugqoka kodonga lwangaphandle nge-langaphakathi). Ukuze ukwakhiwa bekuhlala isikhathi eside futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akuzange kutholwe ukwakheka okumiswe umgqomo, kubha, isigaba sokugqoka esingu-100100mm kufanele sihlelwe njalo ngo-4M (ububanzi begumbi!), Ne-Bar 150150mm- nge-6m .
Izakhiwo zokufakwa okushisayo kwezindonga zokuvusa ngokuya ngobukhulu bezinkuni nokufakelwa
| Ubukhulu odongeni, mm | Ukumelana nokushisa kokushisa kodonga R0, M2C / W | Ubukhulu besendlalelo sokufakelwa, mm | Ukumelana okuphelele kokuvuselela ukumelana nama-R0, M2S / W |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | I-0,7 | amashumi amahlanu100 | 1,8. 3,2 |
| 150. | 0.98 | amashumi amahlanu 100 | 2,3. I-3.5 |
| 200. | I-1.27 | amashumi amahlanu 100 | 2,5 3.8. |
Izindonga Zobuchwepheshe Zokubuthana
Izindonga ezivela kubha zivame ukwakhiwa kahle endaweni (mayelana nokuhlukile kule mithetho, ezibekwe yizindlu ezenziwe kabusha, satshelwa esihlokweni esithi "Indlu eyizinsuku ezi-5"). Izipho zisetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili zokuxhuma amakhona - "esihlathini" kanye "emaphethelweni". Umehluko phakathi kwabo ulele eqinisweni lokuthi isibani sixhumeke ekhoneni eliku-paw (iziphetho azidluleli endizeni yangaphandle yezindonga), futhi lapho kuncane "- izinsalela (imikhawulo ye Umuthi udedelwa endizeni engaphandle yodonga). Ukukhethwa kwalokhu noma lelo ndlela kuxhomekekisa kuzakhiwo zezakhiwo zesakhiwo kanye nokulutha komuntu siqu kwekhasimende, kodwa okokuqala kwakho konke, kusuka kulokho okulindelwe ukuthi kufudunyezwe. Uma izindonga zincishiswa kamuva nanoma yini futhi zifaka ukufakwa okuthe xaxa, khona-ke kuphela ukusika "ku-paw" kuzosebenza.
Umhlangano wezindonga uqala ngokufakwa kwesisekelo soMqhele we-String, oxhunywe emakhoneni "ku-Polerev" noma ngabe iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe yamakhona embonini emiqhele elandelayo. Ngemuva kokubopha amakona, uphawu lufakwa emqheleni wehlumela, bese imigoqo yomqhele olandelayo. Ukunciphisa umjovo wama-angles emlilweni oqoqwe "e-paw", sebenzisa izinketho zokuxhuma okuhlukile: obomvana bokhuni, "kuphaphama nge-spike yendabuko".
Izindonga zokuqala zagomela ukuphakama okungu-2.4-3m (kufakwa kwiphrojekthi). Emva kwalokho, okweqile kwesitezi sokuqala kufakwa futhi kuqhubekele ekwakhiweni kwesitezi sesibili noma i-attic. Izindonga zabo zingenziwa ngohlaka, noma futhi ku-brusade - konke kuncike ezifisweni zomnikazi wesikhathi esizayo.
Izimpawu ze-Seals kanye nobuqili be-Longitudinal of the Crown. Kulolu daba kunengqondo ukuyeka imininingwane eminingi. Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi izihlanganisi ezivundlile zebha ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, kunokuba zihlanganiswe namalunga ezilongo, futhi zifune ukunakwa kakhulu ngokwazo. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi lapho ubeka imigoqo komunye nomunye, umthungo utholakala ngefulethi (elivundlile), ngokungafani nomthungo we-groove e-log cabin. Kuyacaca ukuthi ama-flat seam wets ngaphansi kwemvula iqine kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma izindonga zebha zingafanele zibe zihlwanyele, ukuthuthukisa ukuphuma kwamanzi emaphethelweni angaphandle angaphandle webha, kufanele kwenziwe emhlanganweni (kusuka ngo-1010 kuya ku-2020mm).
Manje mayelana nezimpawu. Njengokwakhiwa kwe-log, ungasebenzisa i-pass, moss, uzizwe futhi u-hemp. Kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa indwangu yanamuhla ye-flange. Ithengiswa kuma-rolls (ubukhulu be-5mm), abasikwe kutepi ububanzi obudingekayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-canvas kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa komfaniswano kophawu ku-seam.
Ifakwe. Bayadingeka ukuxhuma imigoqo nomunye, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukusonteka kwabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngesinyathelo sika-30- 40cm, ibha lemithathu limiswe bese lifakwa emgodini ngaphandle komzamo (!) Ukhonze ngokhuni (i-birch noma i-oki) enobubanzi obungu-3-4 cm. Emugqeni kanye nokuphakama kodonga izimbobo ezinjalo ngendlela ebhekisisa i-oda lokuhlola. Izinsimbi zokhuni ngeke zivumele imigoqo ukuthi insonteke, kepha enye, ngeshwa, ngeke ilunge. Ngakho-ke, imiqhele engenhla, ethwele ethwele kancane kwesinye isikhathi iyavela endizeni ethe mpo.
Enye inketho yinsimbi. Zenziwe ngepayipi noma ibha yokuqinisa. Begroen kusuka epayipi azi ngcono kunamapulangwe. Ukusuka ekuqinisweni (ububanzi obungu-10mm) basebenza njengezipikili, enamandla amakhulu kuphela. Kuliqiniso, abangabangwa, ngoba benziwa uku-oda. Okubi kakhulu: lapho isakhiwo sincipha, imigoqo ingahle ifakwe endaweni ehlanganisiwe (ihambisa isihlobo se-brazison phansi kusuka phezulu kuya phansi), okuzokwenza ukubukeka kwezikhala ezinkulu. Kungakho amafemu amaningi athathelwa indawo ngezipikili ezinobude obungama-250-300mm. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuvumela, okokuqala, ukunxephezela ukuphambuka kwejometri yeBrusev ngenxa yokuqinisa phakathi kwawo futhi kwamukele imithungo emikhulu. Okwesibili, indawo ebushelelezi yezipikili ayiphazamisi ukunyakaza okumi mpo kwebha ngesikhathi sokushwabana. Ukuze imiqhele engenhla ungazibambezele ezindlebeni, izingodo zenziwa ekujuleni kuka-3-4cm, ngemuva kwalokho i-pailget nail egijimile ngokuphelele i-2-3 cm nge "DoboBunik". Ngenxa yalokhu, ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwebha, isigqoko esivuthiwe sihlala emgodini ovuthiwe futhi asiphakamisi ugodo olungaphezulu. Lobu buchwepheshe bukuvumela ukuthi uhoxise ngokushesha indlu enkulu (kusuka ku-88 kuye ku-1012m), okuye kwandiswa izingxenye zezindonga nobuningi bokulula, ezingeni elilodwa. Sikwazi ukukwenza ngokushesha kuma-brazing okhuni, kuphela ezakhiweni ezincane.
Ukubeka phansi phansi
Izitezi endlini yezwe, noma ngabe isetshenziswa ehlobo kuphela, kufanele yenziwe kabili, ngokufakwa kwesendlalelo sokwehlukanisa kuzodlala indima yokufakelwa okuzwakalayo. I-Pagboard Lag ingcono ukusebenzisa ingxenye yesikhathi 150100mm, ifakwe ekugcineni ngesinyathelo esingadluli ku-70 cm. Uma ama-lags ancipha ibanga elingaphezu kwe-3m, bese kuthi "i-span" okuthiwa yi-imeyili kufanele kubekwe (uma kungenjalo i-lags emincane), uma kungenjalo ama-lags angadliwa.Imvamisa, ukudala okusalungiswa kwalawo ama-lags kuyaqoqwa kusuka phansi kwamabhodi amile. Kepha le ndlela okusheshayo iyingozi kulokho lapho isebenza, umklamo ungangena futhi amabhodi avele ahlukane. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukugcwala ibha ye-cranial emaphethelweni aphansi, futhi ukusikeka kwebhodi elinqunyiwe kufakwa emaphaketheni phakathi kwama-lags (okuhlukile kokudalwa kwesigaba esinguhlaka " "). Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maphakethe abekwe engxenyeni yokufaka umswakama okufakwayo (iningi le-pergamine), futhi engxenyeni yokufakwa koboya obunamaminerali (sawdust bekusetshenziswe phambilini, okumbozwe yi-Steate Inflation kusuka phezulu (ye Isibonelo, "iZospan in"). Lapho-ke phansi kusuka phansi kwe-trench eyenziwe phansi kuyabekwa, ukushuba kwalokho kuncike esigabeni se-lag. Isibonelo, ngesinyathelo 70cm, kufanele usebenzise ibhodi eliminyene elingama-40mm, kanye nesinyathelo-40cm-ukushuba 30mm.
Ukuze ubeke? Imvamisa, indawo yokuqeda iyalulekwa ukuthi ikhweze esigabeni sesibili sokwakhiwa - ngokuqedwa kokugcina kwendlu. Kepha ungakhetha ibhodi lobulili yomswakama wemvelo futhi esigabeni sokuqala. Ngenkathi indlu izonikeza i-shrinkage, izoma. Lapho ubeka ibhodi ngalinye, akudingekile ku-Akekho, kwanele ukubopha ingxenye ngayinye yesihlanu, bonke abanye bayogcinwa behlise ulimi. Ngesikhathi sokuqeda kokugcina (ngemuva konyaka), phansi kuqiniswa, amabhodi aphakanyisiwe futhi afakwe kabusha ngaphandle kwemifantu, bese ujikeleza. Uma sibheka ukuthi amabhodi e-1m3 womile womile abiza ama-ruble angu-7000-8000., Kanye ne-1m3 yamabhodi omswakama wemvelo - 3400rub., Sigcina ngisho nezindleko zabasebenzi eziphindwe kabili, kuvela ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu, cishe ama-ruble angama-2500. nge-1m3.
Bloofing
Ezimweni eziningi, isitezi sesibili segumbi lasekhaya lasekotaweni, edinga uphahla olufudumele (bheka isihloko esithi "ngombono wesibhakabhaka" ngemininingwane ethe xaxa. Lapho kudalwa, ungahamba ngezindlela ezimbalwa. Indlela ingeyokuqala: Ngonyaka wokuqala wokwakha wokwakha uphahla lwangaphambi kwesikhashana, futhi esigabeni sesibili, buyisela kabusha njalo. Indlela yokwesibili: Ngonyaka wokuqala, kuphela impahla yophahla kanye nokufakwa okuyisisekelo okulele ngaphansi kwawo, kanye nokufakwa kokufakelwa kanye ne-vaporizolation ukushiya ikusasa. Indlela yesithathu: Masinyane ikhweza lonke uphahla oluthi "Pie" ngokuphelele: umphunga kanye nokufakelwa komswakama, ukufakwa kanye nokudla kophahla. Indlela yesithathu, yize idinga izindleko eziphakeme esigabeni sokuqala sokwakhiwa, kuvela ukuthi inenzuzo kwezomnotho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-rubberoid kuyodingeka ukuthi ilahlwe. Kukhuphula ukufakwa kanye ne-vaporizolation ngaphansi kophahla osuvele olufakiwe akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho le misebenzi izobiza kakhulu (ngo-5-20%), kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yazo, izofika ube nzima. Ngokuvamile, yiziphi zalezi zindlela ezintathu ongazikhetha umnikazi ngamunye wekhaya elizayo azinqumayo.
Ukufakwa kweminyango namafasitela
Futhi, kufanele ukhethe okukodwa kokunye: noma ngabe kulungile noma kulinde ukuqala kwesigaba sesibili. Kungcono ukuya endleleni yesibili. Sizokwazi ukweqa ukuvuleka ekuvulekeni lapho sihlangana nezindonga, sibonga lapho indlu yokungena izoxazulula khona ngokulinganayo. Kulokhu, ubufuna ukuthi awufuni, isigaba sokuqala sokwakha, indlu ye-brusade kumele inikeze i-shrinkage.Ukulawula ukwakhiwa
Indlela ethembekile kunazo zonke yokunakekela ukwakhiwa kwendlu ebindwe isikhathi eside, woza endaweni yokwakha mathupha, kaningana ngesonto. Kepha sonke simatasa ... Ngabe kukhona ezinye izindlela zokulawula? Manje umkhuba wokuqala usakaze. Ukwakhiwa okuholayo Umphathi uthatha izithombe zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zedijithali zonke izigaba zomsebenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukhokha ukunakwa okukhethekile kwezinqubo ezifihliwe, okungukuthi, ikhwalithi kanye neqiniso lokubulawa kwalo okungenakwenzeka noma kunzima ukulihlola ngemuva kokuphela kwazo. Leli ibhukumaka kanye nokugoba kokufakelwa ethepheni eliyisisekelo, ukuhlanganiswa kokuqanjwa kwe-biolalector yezitho zokhuni zendlu ebheke emhlabathini, it.p. Izithombe zakhe zenduna zizoletha isonto ehhovisi lenkampani. Okokuqala, avela kumbiko ngenani lomsebenzi. I-Avo Second, zibekwe esizeni senkampani yokwakha, kwisikhombi esifanele, ekhelini kanye nephasiwedi yokufinyelela lapho kukhulunywa khona ikhasimende. Ngakho-ke uzokwazi ukulawula ukwakhiwa, ngaphandle kokushiya indlu, kwi-Intanethi.
Ungaqala nini isigaba sesibili?
I-shrinkage eyinhloko yezindonga ezivela kubha yenzeka ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokwakhiwa. Ekugcineni, izindonga zizokwehla ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, futhi eminyakeni emine ezayo lapho i-shrinkage izoba yi-oda lobukhulu ngaphansi konyaka wokuqala. Prakthiza kukhombisa ukuthi akudingekile ukulinda unyaka. Ukuthola ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuya esigabeni sesibili, kungenzeka kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile, ukukala umswakama wezinkuni ngokujula okufika ku-50mm. Lapho nje inkomba ifinyelela ku-12-15%, ungaqala isigaba sesibili.
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuphinde kwakhiwe izikhala phakathi komqhele. Ngenxa yezindonga zokuphakama kwendlu, ngokwesibonelo, i-8M ingakhula "cishe ngo-20cm (kodwa inomsebenzi ophelele futhi osezingeni eliphakeme). Ibanga lelo kungenzeka ukuthi liphindaphinde ukushwabana kwezindonga (i-inesl kukhona ithuba, kungcono ukukunikeza isikhathi esithile - isonto noma amabili), kepha kuyabonakala ngengozi yokuqala futhi ikakhulukazi. Lapho-ke ungaqhubeka nokuqeda imisebenzi nokufakwa kwamawindows kanye neminyango (uma bengafakwanga esigabeni sokuqala). Kepha ngokucophelela.
Iwindi neminyango ese-brusade House yakhiwa ngama-racks mpo. Lawa ma-racks akuvumela ukuthi ukhweze ubuthongo, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuphela kweShrinkage yesakhiwo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlinzeke ngokuqina okudingekayo kokulula okuncane. Ebusweni be-rack exhumana nodonga, kwenziwa i-groove, lapho ama-slide "spikes" ahambelana nawo akhona phakathi kwezindonga zendlu (anqunywe emaphethelweni emigoqo ebheke amawindi noma iminyango) . Ukusuka phezulu ngaphezulu kwamafasitela nangeminyango, kunezikhala zobuchwepheshe, lapho zibabeke ekufakweni kwezinto ezithambile (ngokwesibonelo, iwebhu ebekwe nge-flask) - izokhubazeka njenge-wherchinkage yodonga.
Lapho ukhetha inketho yokuqeda ingaphakathi, kuyadingeka ukukhumbula ukuthi indlu ye-brusade ihamba impilo yayo yonke impilo yayo: izinkuni zithola umswakama emoyeni futhi zikunikeze. Inqubo inciphisa ngokuzithandela imikhawulo ngezindlela zokuqeda. Isibonelo, kungcono ukungasebenzisi i-drywall kumajoyinti ahambelana nalo futhi embozwe lapho ushayela ezokwakha ngokuqinisekile azovela imifantu emihle. Usizo lungasebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-sliding crate. Kulokhu, emizileni ebheke mpo, kwenziwa ujantshi mpo kuma-slats mpo, enza ama-slats aphezulu, maphakathi nalowo owabeka isikulufa ukuze aqinise izikulufo (lapho izindonga zincipha izindonga, izinhlungu Kwenza isikhundla sayo ku-slot, kepha akubangeli ukonakala kwekhreyithi). Kodwa-ke, amathuba okuguqulwa kwe-design enjalo asakhona.
Ukufudumeza ekhaya
Uma indlu inqume ukukhuthaza ngosizo lwezinto zokwakha amaminerali ukuze zihlale kuyo futhi ebusika, kungcono ukukwenza ngaphandle nangaphandle kahle, futhi nendawo ewusizo ayilahleki. Okokuqala, imigoqo evundlile iyagxishwa, phakathi kwawo ama-mat (noma izitofu) ibekwa ngumfaki, imigoqo evundlile ngeke ibavumele ukuba baslayise (umthunzi we-crate uhambelana nobubanzi bokufakelwa). Isibonelo, ukubeka ukufakwa, ungqimba we-50mm usetshenziswa imigoqo engama-5050mm, ngesendlalelo se-100mm, imigoqo efanayo, ehlangana emigqeni emibili. Lapho-ke ifilimu yomoya evunyelwe yomoya evunyelwe (yithi, "i-iSyospan"), ehlelwe nge-counterclaim-vertical 725 noma ama-5050mm. Okokuqala, bayakwazi ukugcina ukufakwa okuvela kugobe, kanti okwesibili, isembozo sizonamathelwa esikhathini esizayo (igxathu linqunywa ngokuqukethwe kwe-trim). Ngakho-ke, kukhona imvume enomoya omncane phakathi kokufaka umoya kanye nokufakelwa. Inani layo linqunywa ubukhulu bamaRegulats.Yini okufanele ibe yinqwaba yokufakelwa? Sinikeza ukunakwa kwakho itafula, lapho izindonga zokufakwa kwe-thermal kwezindonga zokubopha ngaphandle kokufakelwa kanye ne-heater 50 no-100mm ubukhulu.
Kungabonakala etafuleni ukuthi ngobukhulu bodonga 150mm kanye nongqimba lwabashisi 50mm, ukumelana nokushisa kokushisa kodonga akufinyeleli okuncane kwizidingo ze-SNIP 23-02-2003 "Ukuvikelwa kwezakhiwo "Ibhendi ephakathi (3,2m2C / W), futhi ku-100mm insulation kudlula. Ungangena kanjani ezingeni uma ukufakwa kukhishwa kuphela ngobukhulu obungu-50 no-100mm? Ungakhetha inketho ehlanganisiwe: kusuka ngaphandle ubeka ungqimba wokufakwa kwamaminerali ngobukhulu obungu-50mm, kanye nokufakelwa okungaphakathi okungu-10mm obukhulu be-10mm, ngokwesibonelo, amakamelo we-foil "(lapho aqeda ukuvala ngokubumba noma nge-plasterboard). Lokhu ngeke kuthuthukise kuphela izakhiwo zokufakwa okushisayo zodonga (R0stasit 3.22m2c / W), kepha futhi zihlela umgoqo we-vapor (amalunga amashidi we-foam asampuli yi-scotch ekhethekile), ezovikela izindonga zokungena komswakama njalo ekhona emoyeni wendawo yokuhlala.
Qeda ukuqeda
Inketho elula kunazo zonke ukucija izindonga, bese umboza ukwakheka okwenziwe nge-biolated. Ungabenza banezitini uma isisekelo sakho sakhiwe ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-brick lining kufanele ivikele odongeni noma kusuka engxenyeni yokufakelwa ku-5-7cm, ukuze kusungulwe imvume yokungena komoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitini sixhumeke kumabhondi wensimbi ngethanga elingu-30- 40cm ukuphakama kanye ne-1-1,5m ubude. Uma izindonga zifakwa, kufanele ziqondwe, hhayi ngokuvikela kuphela, kodwa nasezinhlosweni zobuhle. Ukubhoboza i-punching the sheat yangaphandle kungasetshenziswa yi-lining, block mobile, solidi kanye nezinye izinto. Ukukhetha kuncike ekunambithekeni kanye namakhono ezezimali wabanikazi basekhaya.
Ukubalwa okukhulisiwe kwezindleko zokwakha indlu ngendawo ephelele ye-148m2, efana nale
| Igama lemisebenzi | Inombolo ye | Intengo, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi weSisekelo | |||
| Kuthatha izembe, ukwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuphumula | 38 m3 | isishiyagalombili | 304. |
| Isizinda Sedivayisi Yesisekelo Sesandliwe | 37M3 | 2. | 74. |
| Idivayisi Yezisekelo Zekhonkolo Eqiniswe Ribbon | I-23m3 | 60. | 1380. |
| Idivaysi yokugcina izindonga ezivela emabhuloki kakhonkolo | 14m3 | amashumi amathathu | 420. |
| Ukufakwa kwebha ye-string | 63 Pound M. | 3. | 189. |
| Ukuvuleka kwamanzi okuvundlile futhi okulandelayo | 60m2. | okune | 240. |
| -Nke | 2607. | ||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | |||
| Ukhonkolo esindayo | I-23m3 | 62. | 1426. |
| Umsebenzi wesihlabathi | I-12m3 | ishumi nane | 168. |
| Vimba ukhonkolo | 14m3 | 80. | 1120. |
| Isixazululo esindayo esindayo | 3.9m3 | 55. | 214.5 |
| Ibha. | 1,8m3 | 120. | 216. |
| Ukwakheka kwe-Hydrophobic | 20L | 2,5 | amashumi amahlanu |
| IHydrosterClozol, Bituminous Mastic | 60m2. | 3. | 180. |
| I-armature, izihlangu zamafomu nezinye izinto zokwakha | - | - | 330. |
| -Nke | 3705. | ||
| Izindonga, ukwahlukaniswa, ukunqwabelana, ukuphapha | |||
| Ukusika izindonga nokuhlukaniswa kusuka kuBrusev | 32m3 | 90. | I-2880. |
| Ukubuthana ngokweqile ngemishayo ebekezelayo, phansi | 148M2. | Okuqophele imali | 1776. |
| Ikhabethe Ikhabethe, i-veranda, umpheme, ama-visors | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 460. |
| Ukubutha izinto zophahla ngedivayisi ye-crate | 230m2. | - | 1800. |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Overlaps kanye ne-Coatings Insulation | 378m2. | 2. | 756. |
| Idivayisi yeVaporizolation | 378m2. | okukodwa | 378. |
| I-Metal Coating insiza | 230m2. | 7. | 1610. |
| Ama-eaves athwele, svezov | I-45M2. | ishumi nane | 630. |
| Ukugcwalisa ukuvula amawindi namabhulokhi eminyango | 39m2 | 1360. | |
| I-Antiseplation Izisombululo ezenziwe ngomumo | 220m2. | 3. | Ngo-660. |
| -Nke | 12310 | ||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | |||
| Izinkuni zeSawn | 49m3 | 110. | 5390. |
| Amabhodi ePoland | I-6m3 | 140. | 840. |
| I-Steam, umoya namafilimu angenamanzi | 378m2. | 1,3 | 491. |
| Ukufakwa koboya obuncane | 378m2. | 3. | 1134. |
| I-Metallic Effered Sheet | 230m2. | 6. | 1380. |
| Iwindi lokufakwa ngewindi namabhulokhi | 39m2 | - | 2300. |
| Ukuvikela izingoma zokuvikela intamo | I-70L | 0.8. | 56. |
| -Nke | 11591. | ||
| * - Ukubalwa kwenziwa ngamanani alinganiselwe amafemu okwakha ama-moskva moskva ngaphandle kokunaka ama-coefficients |
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga ukuqina kwe-Abs-Strey kwezithombe ezinikeziwe nosizo lapho kulungiswa lokho okuqukethwe.