Umoya omncane wasekhishini: Izinhlelo zokuphelelwa yimvelo ezakhiweni zokuhlala. Izenzo eziholela ekwephulwe kokushintshaniswa komoya emafulethini.
Photo Mikhail Spanova
Ukungena komoya omncane wemvelo efulethini, ukugeleza kwamahhala kokugeleza komoya kuyadingeka. Izimbobo ezihlinzekelwe le njongo zingamboza ama-design ahlukahlukene kanye nama-valve castle ahlukahlukene nama-lattices
Izithombe nguDmitry Minkina
Mhlawumbe ukuqeda amandla anokulungiswa kwamandla okungenayo, okuvumela ukuthi ukhethe enye yezindlela zokusebenza: ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, okuphakathi nendawo nokuphakama
Photo Vitaly Nefedova
Amagquma ama-pulp amancane acishe abonakale futhi ingaphakathi ngeke liphange
"Abalandeli basekhishini abajwayelekile" I-Kitchen 100-150m3 / H inikeza amafemu amaningi, kokubili kwasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
Isithombe sikaKaren Mankosi
Izinhlelo zomoya we-Air nomoya adalwe ukulondolozela amapharamitha wezemvelo ahlala njalo futhi anethezekile kubantu.
Sihlala silwela ukukhuphula izinga lokusebenziseka lula kwamafulethi ethu. Simisa amafasitela esizukulwane esisha, sibuyisela umnyango wezinkuni insimbi ethembekile, ebekwe phezu kwesitofu esinamandla. U-Ivdrug uyazi: Endlini kwaba yilutho ngokuphelele ukuphefumula. Asinangqondo nokuthi sikwenzile, njengoba besho, ngezandla zabo nangemali yabo.
Uhlelo lokupholisa ngalo esakhiweni sokuhlala
Ezakhiweni zasemadolobheni, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa amasistimu we-Natural Supplication Suppoilation umoya. Isikimu seflethini eshintshiwe efulethini libukeka kanjena: Umoya wokuqeda amandla ususwa ngqo kusuka ezindaweni zokungcola kwayo okukhulu kakhulu, zamakhishi, izindlu zokugezela kanye nezindlu zangasese, ngokusebenzisa izindlu zangasese zomoya omncane. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwalezi zimiso kwenzeka ngenxa yokudunyiswa okukhiqizwe yi-ackop, ngokufika komoya ongaphandle ngamawindi avulekile noma ama-windows slots. Inani le-Toututary kufanele libe njengoba besho izibalo ezidingekayo nazanele. Lokho wukuthi, kuyadingeka kuhle ekuhlaleni okunethezekile egumbini labantu futhi ngasikhathi sinye okuncane ngokwanele ukuze umoya ongenayo wakwazi ukufudumeza uhlelo lokushisa. Ukuqinisekisa ukushintshaniswa komoya (umoya ogelezayo ovela emagcekeni okuhlala engxenyeni entsha egumbini, lapho kufakwa khona ukuqeda) iminyango yangaphakathi efulethini kufanele ibe nokuthuthuka komoya, noma kuvuleke njalo.Yileso sikimu esanconywa futhi esanconyelwa futhi sancoma umthetho emkhakheni wokungena komoya omncane wezakhiwo zokuhlala nguSnipi. Bekukhona ukuthi abaklami nabakhi baqaliswa futhi basebenze.
Izinzuzo eziphambili zomoya omncane wemvelo zikulula nezindleko eziphansi, kanye nokungabikho kwesidingo senkonzo yaso. Okubi yiwo ukufakelwa kwemodi yokusebenza.
Izinkambiso zokushintshaniswa komoya
Yini, ngokwezincomo zemibhalo elawulayo, kufanele kube khona ifulethi lokushintshana komoya?
I-SNIP 2.08.01-89 iveza ukuthi kumele inqunywe (ukuba ngaphezu kweyodwa) yenani elilodwa lamanani amabili:
Izinga eliphelele lokuphelelwa yikhishi (lincike ohlotsheni lweplate) - 110-140m3 / h;
Izinga le-Tributary alikho ngaphansi kwe-3M3 / H nge-1M2 yokuhlala indawo.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi amazinga angenhla avele aphelelwe yisikhathi futhi kulokhu leso sizathu sokuthi kunokuntuleka komoya omusha efulethini lakho, bekungalungile kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kukholelwa ukuthi ukuthobela le mithetho yamakamelo amakhulu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komoya omncane womoya, ngakho-ke emazingeni ezifunda eMoscow (i-MGSN 3.01-96 "Ungathola Inani Elincane Lokushintshaniswa Komoya) Amakamelo okuhlala - 30m3 / h endodeni eyodwa.
Lapho silungiselela lokhu, saphendukela eMgsu (owake waba yi-MII), futhi ochwepheshe bakhe basichazela ukuthi ekwakheni amanani angenhla kulezi zinombolo ezingenhla zihunyushwa ngale ndlela. Uma indawo efulethini ephelele ingaphansi kuka-20m2 umuntu ngamunye, okujwayelekile kokungenwa kwanele kubhekwa njenge-3M3 / h nge-1M2 ndawo. Uma indawo ingaphezu kwe-20m2 umuntu ngamunye, kungcono ukusebenzisa inani le-30m3 / h ngokuphila ngakunye, kepha ukuphindisela kokushintshaniswa komoya ngehora (isilinganiso sevolumu ye-aunning noma ekhishwe ngaphezulu kwe ivolumu yangaphakathi) akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.35. ITO, inqobo nje uma ifulethi alibhemi ukuthi alikho inani elikhulu lezitshalo zasendlini .d. Esimweni esiphambene, ukushintshaniswa komoya kumele kweqe amanani acacisiwe.
Izinketho Zokuphehla Kwemvelo
Isikimu esisetshenziswe ohlelweni lokwakha izindlu ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule selishintshe kaninginingi. Kunomoya omncane ngesiteshi ngasinye esivela ku-grille ngamunye okonakele kusuka ekutholeni i-lattice ngayinye ekuqaleni kokugconwa kwezakhiwo. Ngokusebenzisa i-canal ebelwayo e-attic, lezi ziteshi zixhunywe emayini eqeda amandla. Okuphelele kwaphansi kwezakhiwo kwathuthukisa uhlelo. Ukugcina isikhala ngaso sonke isikhathi, iziteshi ezithe mpo ezibheke amafulethi, zaqala ukubopha okuvundlile, futhi vele zithumela umoya emayini esiteshini esisodwa mpo. Qaphela ukuthi uhlelo olunjalo lusabizwa ngokuthi uhlelo ngeziteshi ngazinye.
C70. Xx in. Cishe lonke uchungechunge lwezakhiwo zokuhlala ngenhla kwezingu-5 phansi (P3, II18, II49, P44 IDR) yaqala ukusebenzisa isiteshi somoya, esibandakanya amagatsha aseceleni aphezulu ("Trunk"). Futhi okumelwe ngakunye kwamakamelo, kuya ngochungechunge lwendlu, kungaba nesiqu esisodwa noma ezimbili ". Uma "iziqu" zimbili, khona-ke umuntu ususa umoya ekhishini, omunye, kusukela ezindlini zangasese nasezindlini zokugeza. Uma "isiqu" sokuqala, khona-ke kukhombisa ingxube yomoya kusuka ekhishini nasezindlini zokugeza. Othandweni, umoya osuswe egumbini ufika kuqala esiteshini - "Satellite", lapho iwela khona "isiqu" se-aerodynamics kanye nokuphepha komlilo, kuphela ku-inval-storey ngaphezulu kokulandelayo phansi noma izitezi ezimbili ngaphezulu. Umphumela uwuhlelo lokudweba luba lufana 'nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi', futhi kaningi libizwa ngokuthi.
Uhlelo lwe- "Christmas" lunezinzuzo nokungabonakali okuhle. I-Main Plus yilokho uhlelo oluhlangene kakhulu oluneziteshi ngazinye futhi, ngakho-ke, ludla indawo ewusizo kancane. Ukuphonsa "isiqu" kanye ne- "satellites" kwenziwa ikakhulu umehluko wokushisa (noma kunalokho, ngenxa yomehluko ekunciphiseni komoya wangaphakathi okufudumele). I-Natural Shrust ilingana hhayi kuphela umehluko wamazinga okushisa (umehluko wobude), kodwa futhi nobukhulu bomehluko wokuphakama phakathi kwe-inlet (lattice yefulethi elithile) nokugibela (umlomo) wemayini. Umphumela uhlala ukhula emafulethini aphansi, kepha ezitezi ezimbili zokugcina (lapho umehluko wokuphakama unciphile) kungenzeka ukuthi akwanele.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi le minus iye yemvelo hhayi kuphela amasistimu anohlobo lwemvelo "Tree" yemvelo ", kodwa futhi nezinhlelo ezineziteshi ngazinye. Kodwa-ke, "esihlahleni sikaKhisimusi", kuyanda ngeqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile (ngokwesibonelo, ngokupholisa okuqinile komlomo wemayini), ukuncipha komoya kukhuphuka ku "trunk", okuholela ekunciphiseni okwengeziwe ekujuleni nasekubhidlizeleni ukujikeleza kwegazi. Uma kwenzeka kwenzeka, umoya wasuka ezitezi eziphansi, esikhundleni sokufika emgwaqweni, ungaqala ukungena phansi kwamuva. Ukugwema lokhu, phansi kwe-attic phezu kwe-ventball, kwanelisekile nge-podlock-ngaphakathi yaso futhi kuxhuma iziteshi "ze-satellite" ezathobeka phansi ku- "trunk" (lapho kukhishwa umoya I-ledge, umoya uhamba ngesivinini esikhulu futhi "amasudi" ngenxa yokujova komoya kusuka ku- "satellite» esitezi sokugcina). Uma ukwamukelwa okunjalo kungasizi, umoya ovela phansi kokugcina utholakala ngeziteshi ngazinye ezifakiwe abalandeli.
Ukufingqa ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa ngophahla olungaphezulu oluphezulu lwamaphrojekthi amaningi ajwayelekile ezakhiwo zokuhlala afaka i-attic yezakhiwo ezifudumele zifaka ithuluzi elifudumele, esikhaleni salo moya ovela eziteshini ezibheke phezulu. Umphumela uba i-attic iphenduka esigabeni esivundlile sohlelo lokungena komoya. Ukususwa komoya okuvela egumbini le-attic kwenziwa ngengxenye ethile engxenyeni ngayinye yemayini yokuqeda indlu, umlomo wayo utholakala ngo-4,5 m ngaphezu kokugcwala phansi kokugcina. Akunakusho ukuthi umoya ophelelwe yisikhathi e-attic, ubuningi bayo obukhuphukile bunganciphisa kakhulu ukufiphala kwezimayini ezingapheliyo futhi uqede ukujikeleza.
Umthelela oyisisekelo emsebenzini we-hood yemvelo unokulungiswa okujwayelekile kohlelo olukhona. Isibonelo, uma kukhona okuningi kusuka phansi phansi, kunokweqa izimayini zomoya, it, njengoba kusho ochwepheshe, nje "bavalekile" ngalo moya. Kulokhu, ukunxanela ezitezi ezingenhla kuyanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ukuqondiswa komoya kugeleza ebhokisini eliphefumulayo le-3060 cm yesakhiwo sokuhlala esinezitezi eziningi sochungechunge lwe-P44:
I-B- engagunyaziwe incishiswe izigaba ezi-3/4
1-- umsele ojwayelekile
2- "Isiteshi se-satellite" sefulethi lakho
I-3- "umsele we-satellite" we-satellite "efulethini elisendaweni engezansi
4- I-Storey Storey
Bheka isigaba se-Oditudinal
Ukubuka kwesigaba se-B-Cross
"Okungeyona Imvelo" Khipha
Ngeshwa, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi kabusha kuvame ukuhambisana nezenzo zokonakali (ngeke kwesabe leli gama) maqondana nokungena komoya wokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kokucekelwa phansi kungamathathu:
1. Ukushintsha ibhokisi lokungena komoya ekhishini. Isizathu siyaqondakala: Ilokhi ethengiwe noma i-TV ayilungile. Yebo, i-Captive-box isibe incane kancane, kepha yavela kangako njenge-0.3m2 (!!!) isikwele esingeziwe. Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi unesigamu, bese ukotala ezintathu kunciphise ingxenye yendima yesihloko esithi "isiqu" esikhulu somoya omncane, yenza buthaka ukufisa kuwo wonke amakamelo angezansi. Yebo, bavimba nesiteshi esithi "Satellite" esivela efulethini ngaphansi kwakho, seliphule indawo yokuhlala yakhe umoya omncane wasekhishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwakha isithiyo ku- "Trunk", ngaleyo ndlela wenza ukuba kukhuphuke umfutho womoya phambi kwawo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uJereviMa kungenzeka ukuthi manje ingxenye yomoya ophuma phansi isuka phansi phansi izoqala ukuza nomakhelwane kangaka (lapha kuzoba khululeka!).
Iseluleko lapha singenye: akunakuthinta ibhokisi lokungena komoya. Euzhi uma "ushayiwe" kuyo, buyisela kuze kube yilapho "omakhelwane" noma ama-dez abangaqondi ukuthi yiluphi udaba, futhi ababazanga.
Ukufaka emgodini wokungena komoya omncane we-fan enamandla. Umqondo uthisha ngokushesha "Phusha" emgodini we-vent, ngababili futhi iphunga ekhishini likude ne-nova. I-IVPPS icacile (kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwengqondo yomuntu) isifiso sokusebenzisa fan okunamandla kulokhu ukuze senze ukuze konke kubekwe "kwizikweletu ezimbili. Leso nje uhlelo olunjalo alunasizathu esingenacala ngokuphelele esimweni se-physics yenqubo eyakha izinkanuko zemvelo ku-velling "trunk" bese ushiya isiteshi "se-satellite". Ngemuva kwakho konke, isiteshi se- "Satellite" kanye ne-shaft barrel banesigaba esihambisanayo esibalwa ngokugeleza komoya okuchazwe ngokuqinile. Ngakho-ke, kusuka kumlandeli onamandla ngeke ube ngcono. Izinkinga ze-Avot zizoba.
Okokuqala, fan akuyona enye into yesiteshi sokungena komoya njenge- "mali". Kwesinye isikhathi kuvaliwe, okukhishwe yimvelo kusuka efulethini kuyakubanda kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalena eyayingaphambi kokufaka ucingo. Okwesibili, uma fan, ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza ngomoya 500-800m3 / h hhayi ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza komoya okuhambisanayo, khona-ke kuqala ukweqa, okuwukuphela okuwukunciphisa kakhulu impilo yakhe. Okwesithathu, i-inflex yobukhulu obunjalo ingaqinisekiswa ngaphandle kwaleyo evulwa iwindi- ngenxa yekhishi lasebusika ekhishini lemizuzu, futhi ehlobo lizogcwaliswa ngothuli. Okwesine, lapho kuvulwa, fan enamandla kuzokwakha ingcindezi eyandayo ku- "Trunk" engakwazi "ukukhiya" uhlelo, nawo wonke amakamelo ngaphansi kwakho azoncishwa. Phinda ujikeleze ukujikeleza, khona-ke ukukhishwa kuzoqala ukugeleza komakhelwane. Uma idivaysi enjalo ibeka abaqashi abavela efulethini kusuka phezulu, uzoqala ukuhlupheka nani.
Yini ongoti abacelayo? Sebenzisa i-fan ngokusebenza, akunakusebenza okungeqi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ageleze umoya nge-ventkanal. Ekhishini, kufanele ufake idivaysi eyenzelwe i-140-170m3 / h nge-valve yokuhlola okuphoqelekile. Kepha kuphela ngokulula kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, ipulasitiki) ukuze izimbambo zemvelo ezibuthakathaka zingayivula. Kungcono kakhulu ukukhetha i-fan, kuphaneli yangaphambili lapho kukhona i-lattice ekhiphekayo (ithi, imodeli "vents100 / 125f" kusuka ku-vents, ekraine, intengo, kusuka ku- $ 20). Lapho i-fan ivuliwe, izodala, lapho umoya ucishiwe ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuphoqwa kwemvelo, kuzodlula ku-grille engezansi. Uma usuvele ufake amadivaysi asezingeni eliphakeme futhi abizayo futhi uhlanganyele nabo, ungathenga igridi, enokuvulwa kokufakwa kwabalandeli, isigaba esisuswayo (inkampani yaseRussia "eKont", ngentengo ye- $ 4), futhi uhlanganise imodeli oyithandile yona. By the way, ku-lattice enjalo kukhona ipulangwe elikhethekile, eliqondiswa ukugeleza komoya kusuka kudivayisi phezulu (esiteshini) ukuze kuthinte ukuhamba kwemvelo okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka nge-grille ekhiphekayo.
3. Ukufaka ikhishi ekhishini elinamandla anamandla. Uma i-extractor ene-fan enamandla itholakala ngenhla kwesitofu ekhishini, esikwazi ukuphuma ku "Trunk" kusuka ku-500 kuye ku-1000 m3 / h, kanye nomkhono ovela ku-veliation hole ngaphansi kophahla, izakhiwo Nge-air umoya uvela nokuningi. Okungukuthi, lapho uJehova evuliwe, uzokwazi ukukwazi zonke izinkinga ezibalwe ngenhla, lapho kukhubazeka khona ngeke kube khona "umkhondo". Kalula nje, iningi losuku lapho i-hood ingasebenzi, umoya ngeke uwushiye umgodi womoya. Kuchazwa ngokuthi ukumelana kwe-aerodynamic kokuphelelwa yithemba kukhulu kakhulu. Kwakha i-fan uqobo uqobo, kanye nokuhlunga kwamalahle kanye nama-adipose, ngaphandle kwaso izindleko zesimanje zokufaka. Ukumelana okunjalo kwemvelo kungahle kungakunqobi.
Le nkinga inenkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngenxa yombuko wezobuchwepheshe, ukusungula i-adaptha emgodini ophonsayo, inezimbobo ezimbili endaweni yokungena: Okwesibili (noma ikhishi (noma ikhishi lokugeleza kwemvelo komoya . Zombili lezi zinhlaka zingafakwa ama-valve ama-eclegical. Ngokubala okunesizotha kakhulu, ukufakwa kwensiza enjalo kuzobiza cishe ama- $ 300.
Ungayixazulula kanjani inkinga efanayo ngezindleko ezingaphansi kwezezimali? Sanikezwa imikhandlu emibili.
Okokuqala. Kungcono ukuthenga lezo zingoma ezinokulungiswa kwamandla okungenayo futhi zifakwe idivaysi enikeza umsebenzi wokuqothuka kwemvelo lapho i-fan ingavulwanga. Amathuluzi akhuphukayo avela ePolaris (United Kingdom): Amamodeli weZenith (Ukusebenza komoya - 480m3 / h, intengo- $ 2005) ne-Polaris№3ch (Umkhiqizo Womoya - 2003 / I-200M3 / h, Intengo Lapha ezansi kwesiteshi esime mpo, kunciphisa umoya kusuka ekuqedweni kwe-effer, izimbobo zisikwa (i-grille eyingqayizivele), ngenxa yokuthi okukhishwe yimvelo kwenziwa nalowo olandelwayo.
Okwesibili. Ukufaka ikhishi yomoya ehlanzekile esikhundleni sokudweba (izihlungi zamafutha namalahle zakhiwe kuyo, it.d.), obengeke kuxhunywe emgodini wokupholisa umoya, okungukuthi, kusebenze kwimodi yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha. Ukuphuma komoya kuzokwenzeka ngokwemvelo noma ngosizo lwabalandeli, kungakhathalekile ukusebenza kwe-air cleaner.