Namuhla, uthango oluhlanganisiwe oluqukethe izinto ezahlukahlukene, njengetshe kanye nensimbi eyenziwe ngensimbi, zidumile kakhulu.
Inketho enhle kakhulu kochwepheshe babheka uthango ngama-lumens amancane (1-2cm) phakathi kwamapulangwe
Ukuhlobisa izinsika zocingo zokusekelwa kocingo, ezenziwe ngetshe lemvelo noma lokufakelwa, zizovumelana ngokuphelele ne-facade yekotishi, ngokuqeda izinto ezifanayo ezisetshenzisiwe.
Isisekelo siyadingeka hhayi kuphela ukwakheka kocingo olunamandla kuphela. Lolu lusizo ungavumelanisa uthango emthambekeni opholile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yesisekelo (engaphansi) evikela umhlaba ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule impilo yenkonzo yanoma yiluphi uthango, ikakhulukazi ngokhuni
Enye yezinzuzo zocingo kusuka kukhonkolo ukuthi zilula ngokwanele ukufaka ezindaweni ezinezindawo zenhlabathi ezingalingani
Ukuvulwa kokuvulwa kwenza uthango olukhulu kakhulu. Izinsika ezimile zibonakala zikhuluma namaphayini
Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe banamuhla bokukhiqiza, ukhonkolo ompunga nothambile namuhla ushintshe ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwawo. Amaphaneli avela kuwo angalingisa izinto ezahlukahlukene, imvamisa - izinkuni noma zamatshe. Khansela uthango akudingekile, kepha kunconywa ukuwucubungula ngokutholwa okukhethekile kokhonkolo
Lapho kwakha uthango lwezitini, sebenzisa imikhiqizo yohlobo olulodwa. Izingxenye zocingo ezakhiwe kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezitini zineziqu ezihlukile ze-shrinkage, eziholela ekuthini kwakhiwe ekwakhekeni kwemifantu
Izinongo zamatshe zihlukaniswa ngokuqina nokuqina. Bahlobisa ngokwanele futhi balingane ngokuphelele kunoma yikuphi ukubonwa komhlaba. Kubukeka kahle uthango lwe-butt noma itshe elidakayo
Photo Olga Voronina
Uthango oluqinile oluqinile, yize luthembekile, kepha ngohlelo lobuhle luvame ukungathandeki. Kungenzeka ubanikeze ukuhlobisa ngama-niches amancane noma ama-accents akhanyayo ezitshalweni ezinkulu ze-curly
Izicingo zokhuni zingaba ukwakheka okuhlukile kakhulu nokwakheka.
Uthango lwe-Welded no-Welded lubuzwa njengasesimweni semiklamo ezizimele, futhi esetshenziswe uthango oluhlanganisiwe
Uthango oluvela ku-grid rabitsa lunikeza ukubuyekezwa okuphezulu
Izinto zokhuni zocingo kufanele ziphathwe ngesakhi esivikelayo esivikela isihlahla ngokubola, isikhunta, isikhunta
Uma uthango lokhuni ludinga ukucutshungulwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhlanganiswa okukhethekile nezingoma ze-bioprotic, uthango lwepulasitiki lwensimbi ngaphansi kwesihlahla aludingi ukunakekelwa okunjalo
I-Palcol iyathakazelisa emacatheni akhiwe ngesitayela se-antiinity yasendulo yaseRussia, kepha inokuntuleka okukhulu - ngoba idivaysi yayo idinga inani elikhulu lezinkuni, elikhulisa kakhulu izindleko zocingo
Ngaphambi noma ngemuva? Futhi iyiphi?
Ukuze uthango lwesikhathi esizayo lungathembeki kuphela, kepha futhi nodumo, ukukhetha kwakhe kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Okokuqala, kufanele kuxazululwe lapho ufaka uthango: ngaphambi kokuqala kokwakhiwa kwendlu noma ngemuva kokuphela kwalo? Uma ngokushesha uhlela ukuqala ukwakhiwa, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukudumaza uzungu oluzungeze i-perimeter, uma kungenjalo ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani ekungeneni kwesivakashi esingenangqondo esiyengelwe yi- "Darm" zokwakha izinto? Ngakho-ke, uthango lungenye yezindawo zokuqala ezivela esizeni. Enye into uma kufanele ibe uthango lwesikhashana noma oluhlala njalo. Kungenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, ukwenqaba indawo ngegridi yamaketanga (uhlobo olushibhile kakhulu kocingo), nasekupheleni kokwakhiwa ukuze kwakhiwe i-averhaul yocingo. Kepha, njengoba besho, akukho lutho oluhlala njalo olungesikhashana. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi kushibhile kangakanani izinto zocingo lwesikhashana, isakhiwo salo zizobiza noma kunjalo zibiza kakhulu (ingxenye enkulu yenani izoba yizindleko zezinsika zesethenjwa futhi zisebenze ngokufakwa kwazo). Ingabe usukulungele ukukhokha kabili? Ngicabanga ukuthi akekho. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukwakha uthango lwemali enkulu.
Abaqambi beluleka ukuthi bathathe uthango oluhambelana nesakhiwo esikhulu. Indlu yokhuni izobukeka kahle ngokuzungeza uthango lokhuni. Izakhiwo zezitini zinocingo olufanele lwezitini noma izitini ezihlanganisiwe. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala kudingekile ukunquma ngesitayela socingo.
Okulandelayo kufanele kuxazululwe, izithulu noma "obala" kuzoba njalo. Uthango oluqinile (oluqinile) luzokufihla ekubukeni kokuhlobisa futhi uqinisekise ubumfihlo obufunayo, ukunciphisa izinga lomsindo futhi unciphise uthuli ngaphakathi kwesayithi. Kodwa-ke, uthango olunjalo lunosizo: Ulahle isithunzi esimnyama esivimba ukukhula kwezitshalo, futhi inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezingadini lihlale kule ndawo yethunzi: izimvemvane, amacimbi, amabhungane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthango oluqinile olumi ngendlela yomoya lubangela ukukhuphuka okubukhali kokugeleza komoya bese kucishe kube njengokukwehla okubukhali. IVitog yakhiwa ngama-vortices, ukucekela phansi kanye nenhlabathi, kanye nokutshala okuluhlaza.
Labo abakholelwa ukuthi ukuvikeleka okungenamqondo okuqhubekayo kokungena komunye umuntu, siphuthuma ukudumaza. Ukontisa, ubuchwepheshe bezwe lobugebengu bufika kuleli zinga lokuthuthuka namuhla ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke ukuba khona kumasela ocingweni oluphezulu oluyisithulu. Uma unesifiso sokuphepha kwethu, kungcono ukwakha hhayi izitini eziqinile noma zamatshe, kepha "uthango olusobala olukuvumela ukuthi ulandele okwenzeka ngaphandle kwesiza sakho.
Akudingekile ukwakha uthango lonke kusuka kulokho okufanayo. Ngakho-ke ingxenye ethi "esengozini enkulu" ingenziwa ngezitini, ukungena kwangaphambili kwenziwa muhle ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kukhange, ukuze ube yindlu, futhi imingcele enezinto eziseduzane yigridi noma uthango oluncane. By the way, ngokwesigaba 6.2, Snip 30-02-97 "Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinhlangano Zabalimi (Izwe) Izinhlangano zezakhamizi, izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka, amazinga okuqamba" izithulu futhi aphezulu angaba uthango kuphela kusuka ku I-Facade ohlangothini, futhi emngceleni onophahla kuphela "olusobala" oluvela kugridi noma i-stakeinice enokuphakama kokungaphezulu kwe-1,8 m kuvunyelwe kumasayithi angomakhelwane, okungekho emgodleni nomakhelwane.
Ngemuva kokuthi uthathe isinqumo, izithulu zizoba uthango lwakho noma "zisobala", futhi zinqume ngokuphakeme kwayo, kufanele ukhethe okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kocingo.
"Uthango oluningi namuhla lususwe esihlahleni. Iningi lanamuhla futhi lihle kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinhlaka zokhuni, njenge-" leStenka "," chess, sekwenyusiwe, "cherson", "cherson" "Yebo, futhi impilo yenkonzo yocingo lokhuni inyuke kakhulu ngenxa yokufakwa okukhethekile. Kusuka kumswakama, isikhunta, ukubola, ukubola kocingo kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa, njenge Imibukiso yokuzijwayeza, uthango olusha olumbozwe ngezingoma ezivikelayo ezihlotsheni ezimbili luzohlala iminyaka engu-4-5 ngaphandle kokupenda. Izindawo ezibuthakathaka zokwenziwa kocingo. I-Phezulu kanye nemikhawulo yamapulangwe , lapho amanzi egeleza. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa noma kunconywa uthango esisekelweni, noma kuphakamise phezu komhlaba okungenani amapulangwe ayi-10. "Ingxenye engenhla yocingo kufanele ibe ngamapulangwe ensimbi noma ngokhuni."
Izingxenye ezintathu
Isisekelo sanoma yiluphi uthango yizinsika ezisekelayo; Ukugoqa (ukugijima), kufaka phakathi ukugcwaliswa kanye nezindawo zokugibela ezivundlile, nokuvulwa kokufaka (isango kanye / noma isango).
Izinsika zesethenjwa zivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi, amapayipi a-asbetic, ukhonkolo, izitini, ngaphansi kaningi, kusuka ngokhuni. Izigxobo zokhuni ziphila isikhashana. Impilo yenkonzo iyiminyaka engu-5-10. Isifinyezo sokuvikelwa ekuboleni ingxenye yezigxobo, ezizofakwa emhlabathini, zigcotshwe nge-resin eshisayo noma i-bitumen. Ama-racks wokhuni kumele abe nobubanzi obuncane okungenani abe ngu-14cm nobude obuncane okungenani abangama-2.3m.
Izingxenye eziphansi zezinkambu zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe kanye nezinsizakalo zensimbi nazo ziyafiseleka ukumboza ungqimba olubi. Izinsika ezenziwe ngensimbi noma amapayipi kasimende we-asbic kumele zivikelwe kumanzi emvula, okuthi, ukuwa ngaphakathi kokuthunyelwe, lapho iqhwa lingaliphula. Isikhala sangaphakathi samashubhu a-asbacint kunconyelwa ukugcwalisa udaka ngodaka ngenduku yokuqinisa (ububanzi obungu-14-16mm), kanti phezulu kwensimbi- kuvaliwe ngesembozo esilayishwe ngaphambili noma ipulaki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwe yini amapuleti akhethekile noma amapuleti anzima afakiwe ukuvikela ukumelana nezigxobo.
Indwangu yokwenziwa kwe-spans kungaba ehluke kakhulu, kuya ngesitayela sendlu noma izinketho zobuhle zabanikazi. Ibanga eliphakathi phakathi kwekholomu lingu-2-3M. Ubude bokugijima phakathi kwezixhaso zocingo kumele babe buningi ubude besiphambano. Amapharamitha we-lag anqunywe, asuselwa kubude besikhathi, isisindo sesakhiwo esivalekile kanye nekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo uqobo. Isibonelo, uthango, ubude besikhala sabo bungeqi 2m, futhi ingxenye efakiwe yenziwe nge-stakenice, ama-crossbars angenziwa ngebha ngesigaba sesiphambano 55 noma 66cm.
Isakhi sokugcina sokuvulwa kokufaka. Esicelweni kungaba munye, amabili noma ngaphezulu. Njengomthetho, umnyango wangaphambili wahlotshiswa ngesango futhi eliseduzane ne-wicket. Kwezimoto zabagibeli, ububanzi obungu-2,7m kwanele. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokwakha isiza, kuzoqhutshwa izimoto ezithwala izimpahla ngezinto zokwakha, kanye nobubanzi obudingekayo bokuvulelwa kwabo bungu-3.5m. Ungaxazulula inkinga ngokulandelayo - shiya ukuvulwa kwemitha engu-5-6 bese uhlela isango lesikhashana kulo. Ibanga engxenyeni ethi "ngokungadingekile" yokuvulwa kuzodingeka ukufaka ingxenye eyengeziwe yocingo oluqinile noma ngesango.
Uthango lokuvikela umsindo
Sakha isisekelo
Ukwakhiwa kocingo kuqukethe izigaba ezintathu: Umaki wesayithi, ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo nokufakwa kwezinsika, ukufakwa kokugcwaliswa kwezikhala.Iziza zibekwa ngentambo, izigxobo naku-rouletes. Amakhodi wokufaka ama-stick avalelwa ngezikhonkwane okufanele zihambe kahle emgqeni futhi zivikele omunye nomunye ngesinyathelo sokumaka. Kuyadingeka futhi ukunquma ngokushesha indawo yesango ne-wicket.
Inkinga yemithambeka ixazululwa ngokusebenzisa amakholomu wobude obuhlukahlukene noma amadivaysi ezinyathelo. Ngomugqa womugqa wocingo lwesikhathi esizayo, kungcono ukubuyela emngceleni wendawo ngo-5 cm bese ufaka kulo msebenzi ukuze ungahlukanisi uthango noma ubuhlakani obudlula lapho kudlula khona ubuhlakani .
Isinyathelo esilandelayo somsebenzi ukufakwa kwamakholomu. Izimbobo enhlabathini ngaphansi kwezinsika zibikwe yincwajana ebhukwayo ekujuleni kuka-70-90cm. Kodwa-ke, ngenhlabathi enobunzima, ukujula okunconyiwe kokumba akuyona ngaphansi kwe-120cm. Ekuqaleni, izinsika zokuqala nezokugcina zifakwa endaweni eqondile eqonde phezulu futhi ziziqinise ngemishado yokhuni. Lapho-ke intambo yeluliwe phakathi kwezixhaso nazo zonke izinsika eziphakathi ziboniswa ngokuya ngakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukufakwa kwezinsika ukuphakama. Ukuqondanisa, umgodi ujule noma, kunalokho, inhlabathi ixhunyiwe kuyo. Ngemuva kokuba izinsika ziboniswe, ziyizikhonkwane, zibekwe ngaphansi kwamatshe amatshe, izitini ezaphukile, amatshe. I-Booth Tamper futhi ilele nesihlabathi esinama-coarse, esiniselwa kahle ngamanzi. Ingxenye engenhla yedokodo ihlelwe ngokhonkolo ukhonkolo.
Ofonwe ngamatshe noma izitini, kudingeka isisekelo se-pile-ribbon, okuyi-trench egcwele isixazululo sikakhonkolo (ingxenye engu-1 kasimende, isihlabathi esingu-4 nesihlabathi semfucumfucu). Amapharamitha wesisekelo anqunywa ngokusekelwe kwimininingwane ephelele yocingo kanye nokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Njengomthetho, ukujula kwalo okuncane ngu-50-60cm, ububanzi - i-25cm (lapho ubeka udonga lwe-span ngesitini esisodwa) nokuphakama ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba - 50-60cm. Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa isisekelo, izwe elisemgodini kufanele lithathwe ukuze lidonswe amanzi kusuka kukhambi lukakhonkolo. Isisekelo singaqiniswa ngokuqiniswa, kulokhu ikhambi ngemuva kokubekwa kwecala kufanele lidonswe yifosholo, ngaleyo ndlela livikele ukwakheka kokungabi nalutho phakathi kwezinduku zokuqiniswa. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ukuqedela ukhonkolo.
Ngemuva kokufaka amakholomu kanye nedivaysi eyisisekelo, kungenzeka ukuqala ukufakwa kwe-crossbar kanye nengxenye yocingo. Ngokuqinisa i-crossbar ezisekelweni zokhuni ezinsikeni zenza ukusikeka ngaphansi kokwehla kwamahlathi amanzi kulula ukululama. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-lag, amaPropels kumele afakwe ngamafutha. Izipikili ezisetshenzisiwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa nazo zigxile ku-Olif.
Izinsika zekhonkrithi ezi-schotallic noma eziqinisiwe zibopha ngamabakaki, kubakaki noma ama-clamp. Ukufakwa kwengxenye yokufaka uthango kuncike kakhulu ezicini zezinto ezibonakalayo lapho ama-spans agcwala khona. Ngakho-ke yini engenziwa ngayo?
Andrey malykhin, umqondisi jikelele we-zsc-1:
"Skrolela ukhonkolo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kunzima kakhulu, ngoba umbala wendawo lapho ungeza udayi utholwa ukugcwala, okungathandeki. Kungakho cishe zonke izingcingo zokhonkolo zikhishwa ngombala ompunga. Kepha acishe ngesabisa abathengi , Kusukela ukuthungwa okuthokozisayo kwemikhiqizo ngakho-ke ifomu libukeka lihle. Ama-IWS sincoma ukusebenzisa uthango lwe-facade lomsebenzi kakhonkolo wangaphandle. Okokuqala ". Amathonya, futhi ngenxa yalokho anwebise inkonzo yomkhiqizo. Okobiyele ngokhonkolo anikeza amathuba amaningi okuqamba. Ngakho-ke, indawo etholwa yocingo olunezinhlangothi zombili ingafakwa ngetshe lokufakelwa ngokuphelele noma ibeke amabala ahlukile ngesitini esidala , Penda, ukuhlobisa i-cachep ngezimbali, amasondo avela enqoleni ye-IT. ".
Palcol noma stakenik?
ERussia, kuthathwa ngokwesiko kwakhiwe ngokhuni. Kushumeke, wadumala amahlathi awo, lokhu kwakwenza futhi kwakuhlala kungabizi kakhulu, noma kunjalo, maye, okufishane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baqinisekisa ukuthi ngokufakwa kanye nokusebenza okufanele, uthango lokhuni lungasebenza kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Othangokhuni ngokhuni okungcono okwenziwe ngophayini kungaba kusuka ku-larch ethembekile (futhi ebiza kakhulu). Faka kubo ezigxotsheni zensimbi, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe noma ezinye izesekeli.
Ukubambisana kocingo lokhuni kufaka ubungane bendawo, inani eliphansi, ukufakwa lula kokufakwa, ukukhetha okubanzi kwezinketho zokuklama. Ububi obukhulu balolu hlobo lokubiyela isidingo sokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, izinto zokhuni zocingo zifakwe ezinomboni ezivikelayo, ngemuva kwalokho zithathwe noma zipendwe. Kanye eminyakeni engu-3-4, ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kuvuselelwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isihlahla sizomnyama bese siqala ukubola.
Namuhla, okusetshenziswa kabanzi izinhlobo ezilandelayo zocingo ngokhuni zisetshenziswa kabanzi: iStakenik (uthango oluvela kujantshi, lubethelwe ukuwela); Uthango lwe-boarding (amabhodi anqunu ezinkampana ezivundlile zokwelapha); Uthango lwamapulangwe. Ijubane lejubane (inani lezibalo eziphange emhlabathini eduze komunye nomunye) kanye nethala ledlelo (liqukethe izindaba ezinde ezivundlile ezinamathiselwe kumakholomu abheke mpo).
Olunye uthango lwamapulangwe oluvame kakhulu - "chess" nge-lumen. Amabhodi athungwa ezihlangeni ezivundlile ku-Checkerboard kusuka ezinhlangothini ezahlukene, kanti kukhona igebe elisenkingeni phakathi kwezindiza zamabhodi. Uma ubheka uthango ngakwesokudla, khona-ke ibukeka iqinile, futhi uma ku-angle, khona-ke uthango "lukhanya", futhi kwakha inkohliso yokubiwa kalula.
Kuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ama-greens amaningi, uthango oluvulwa ngocingo ngesimo sethanga, izingodo zakhe zibethelwe ku-diagonally. Azivali ukutshala okuluhlaza okuvela elangeni, ungadali umuzwa wokuvalwa kwesikhala, yize kunalokho ehlobisa kunokuhlobisa ".
Izinhlobo zocingo lokhuni namuhla ziningi. Izinkampani zokukhiqiza zikhiqiza izinketho ezijwayelekile kuphela, kepha futhi umuntu ngamunye, ngokwemidwebo yamakhasimende. Izindleko 1 m of the ukuncika ukuphakama 2m- kusuka kuma-ruble angama-500. Ukuhambisa nokufaka i- "Turnkey" - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-1500.
Ngemuva kodonga lwamatshe
Kaningi, kunokuba isihlahla, sokwakhiwa kocingo, sebenzisa enye into enikelwe yimvelo - itshe lemvelo. Uthango olusuka kulo luyinqaba ngempela, luthembeke kakhulu futhi olungenakugwenywa. Imvamisa, ukuvikela okwengeziwe esitezi esiphezulu kocingo lwamatshe, ucingo oluvinjelwe lweluliwe, kanye nohlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo nohlelo lwe-alamu. Othango lwezincucu ezivela etsheni, zivame ukuba yi-cobblestone, i-dolomite, igobolondo, i-limestone, isandvo. Ubukhulu bocingo lungama-35- 40cm. Uthango olunjalo lukhulu futhi ludinga ukwakhiwa kweBelt Foundation. Idivaysi yeqoqo lamatshe libiza kakhulu: kusuka ku-2500 rub. Ngo-1 k. m Wall Height 2m (ngaphandle kwezindleko zomsebenzi).
Ngandlela-thile (kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1700. Ngomhlaka 2 m. Kodwa-ke, izimfanelo zobuhle zocingo oluqinile lwezitini aziphezulu kakhulu. Uthango olunjalo, lokungezwa okunengqondo endlini yezitini, kwezinye izimo kungahle kuhlanjululwe ngezakhiwo kanye nokuma komhlaba.
Kocingo, kusetshenziswa izitini ezibomvu ezijwayelekile noma ezibhekene nazo. Uthango ubeka usayizi owodwa noma ezimbili. Ukusetshenziswa okuyisibonelo kokuqukethwe okulandelayo: izingcezu eziyi-110 ezindongeni ze-1m2 lapho ubeka isitini esisodwa, izingcezu ezingama-55 nge-1m2 ngodonga oluse-persipich. Ngokuqondene nokubiyela okuvela etsheni lemvelo, kuzodingeka i-Belt Foundation ukuze uthole uthango lwezitini. Inqubo yokwakhiwa kocingo lwezitini imi ngale ndlela elandelayo. Ekuqaleni, ukuthola inani lezitini zilandelana, umugqa wokuqala ubekelwe isisekelo esisungulwe ngaphambili. Ngemuva kwalokho, izitini zihlanzwa futhi zenziwa ama-masonry vele ngesisombululo ngasinye. Ekuhambeni komsebenzi, okuvundlile kochungechunge kanye ne-verticality yama-angles nezindonga kufanele kuhlolwe njalo. Umthungo wokubeka kufanele ube muhle, ngaphandle kwama-voids, okufanayo ngobukhulu (10mm). Ukuphakama kocingo lwezitini kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-4m. Ubude be-spans phakathi kwamakholomu buxhomeke ekuphakameni nobukhulu bodonga: kusuka ku-2.5m (uma ubumbano ku-polkirpich futhi bungaphezulu ku-2 m) kuya ku-5m. Ngaphansi kwezinsika, amapayipi ensimbi anobubanzi obungu-100-150mm ajwayele ukusetshenziswa, okubhekwe yizitini ngaphandle. Ukuvikela uthango emiphumeleni elimazayo yemvula yasemkhathini, ingxenye engenhla yocingo imbozwe ngesithiyo esincane ngesimo sophahla lwamathambo noma okunye okuqukethwe.
Abathandi bezitayela ze-Ethno
Okwezinhlaka zithatha ama-pine izibalo nge ububanzi kungabi ngaphezu kwe-5cm. Imikhawulo engezansi ibacinge futhi iqhubekele emhlabathini kuya ekujuleni kuka-25-30 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwezibalo lingama-30- 35 cm. Ukusuka phezulu phezu kwabo, ungakwazi ukuhamba kancane kubha yokhuni ukuze ukuphakama kungahlali ngokusebenza. Ukuluka kuqala phansi, kusuka emhlabathini. Ingxenye yokuvalwa kwenduku ihlelwe phambi kwe-cola yokuqala ngesandla sokudla, futhi uholele izinduku zengxenye yesibili, zikunikeze ukuba ziphume ngaphambi kwe-cola yesithathu. Lapho ama-prucks emugqeni wokuqala aphelile, amukelwe okwesibili. Manje ukuphela kokuthosa kwenduku kulungisa emuva kwe-cola yokuqala nenvjm isigxobo sesibili. IHidalee iyaqhubeka nokuluka ngokwesikimu esichaziwe. Abasebenzi bangasetshenziswa ukuthunga ukwenza kube lula ukucindezela umvini lapho ugoba. Ukuhlanganisa uthango, kuyadingeka ukuthi udubule ngokuqinile phansi izinduku komunye nomunye ngesando. Lapho usuqede ukuluka, ibha ephezulu kufanele isuswe ngokunembile. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza i-DANN ibizwa ngokuthi iqonde. Ngaphezu kwalo, kukhona inketho yokuluka okuqondile okuqondile. Kuqukethe okulandelayo. Izigxobo ziqhutshwa emhlabathini kude ne-1 m eyodwa zivela kolunye, futhi phakathi kwazo njalo ngama-30 cm zondla okuvundlile. Bese uqala u-Weening, ngenkathi izingxenye ezihlazisayo zezinduku zinamathela emhlabathini. Uma siwafuna njalo, khona-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi olwalukiweyo uzophenduka uthango oluphilayo.
Akunjalo-ke grey ...
Izingozi zamaphaneli kakhonkolo sezisetshenziswe kakhulu kaningi. Ungakhathazeki, mfundi othandekayo, ngeke sixoxe ngamapuleti ampunga aluhlaza, okuvame ukuzungezwe yizikhungo zezimboni. Uthango lwanamuhla kusuka ekubukekeni kokhonkolo kwezobuciko obuhle kakhulu. Abakhiqizi abaningi baseRussia benza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kakhulu "eyinkimbinkimbi" kusuka kukhonkolo. Ngakho-ke, inkampani yokuqala esekelayo "(ZSC-1) ikhiqiza uthango lokuhlobisa lwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zokwenziwa, phakathi kwazo" izitini "," itshe "," Isihlahla "," STAKENIK "," STAKENIK "IDR. I-Afirma "I-Maksfors contcrit" isanda kuphakanyiswa kwabathengi bephaneli, kanye nezinsika kanye nezihloko zezinsika, ukulingisa ukuthungwa kwe-Moraine Oak. Ukungabi nabika kakhonkolo kungumbala ompunga ompunga namuhla kususwa kalula ngenxa yokwakhiwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-facade paints yomsebenzi kakhonkolo wangaphandle, lapho unganikeza khona uthango kunoma yimuphi umthunzi.
Ezicijile ngokhonkolo ngokuqina azihlali ezitini nasetsheni, nezindleko zishibhile kakhulu, zisuka kuma-ruble angama-830. Ngo-1 k. M 2M ukuphakama uthango. Ukuhambisa nokufaka i- "Turnkey" - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-1470. Uthango lukakhonkolo, njengomqambi, ugoqe kusuka kumaphaneli nezinsika ezinama-grooves lapho kufakwe khona amaphaneli. Zifakwe ngokungaguquguquki, ukusuka ezansi kuya phezulu, futhi kulungiswe ngesisombululo sosekhukhwini. Amaphaneli amaningi ngokwesilinganiso - 60kg, izinsika- 90kg. Ubukhulu bePaneli: Ubude - 2m, Height- cm cm. Ngakho-ke, ngokuqoqwa kokuphakama kwe-2m, amapuleti ama-4 azodinga. Abakhiqizi bakhiqiza njengamaphaneli e-Unilateral (ngaphandle komdwebo, kusuka ngaphakathi kwefulethi) kanye nokuhlaselwa kabili.
Ngaphezu kwamaphaneli, izakhiwo ezivalekile ziyakhiwa emabhuloki ezokwakha - ukhonkolo we-foam, i-idcrete yekhonkolo ye-ceramzite, i-auramzite ukhonkolo i-idr. Izindleko 1 m uthango lwe-2m ngobukhulu obukhulu be-20cm - kusuka ku-1450 rub.
Hedges
Ngokungeziwe ezinhlotsheni ezifakwe kuhlu zocingo lokubiyela kwalesi siza, kuvame ukuphakama bukhoma. Kungaba khona uthango oluzimele noma lusebenze "indawo" enhle "yocingo olungafani ngezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu. Ama-hedges aphilayo abunjiwe futhi ahloliwe. Isidingo sokuqala sezinwele njalo, izindleko zesibili ngaphandle kwazo. Kuma-hedges abunjiwe, i-hawthorn, kalina, i-barbaris imvamisa ikhetha. Ukuze uthole i-rosehip engekho emthethweni, i-canbushnik, i-honeysuckle. Kodwa-ke, ingqikithi yedivayisi yezingodo eziphilayo idinga ingxoxo ehlukile, futhi sizobuyela kuyo kwesinye sezindaba eziseduze zomagazini.
Kusuka ku-Azhura kuya kuchwepheshe
I-Metal Namuhla isetshenziswa kabanzi ngedivayisi yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zocingo - kusuka ku-cast iron noma ama-hedges akhiwe ngaphambi kocingo oluvela kugridi evamile ye-chain.Uthango olumnandi kakhulu, oluhle futhi olubizayo lwenziwe ngensimbi emele. Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obushisayo bokuvuselela: izinduku zensimbi zengxenye yesikwele egobile, yelule, isontekile esimweni esishisayo. Amaphethini we-Openwork wezingxenye zocingo olwakhiwe ngokuvumelanayo ngensimbi, futhi ngamakholomu wesitini. Ukuqiniseka amafemu akugcini nje ngokunikela ngezinketho ezijwayelekile zama-lattices ensimbi esetshenzisiwe, kepha kungenza imikhiqizo nemidwebo yomuntu ngamunye, kanye nokuphindaphinda amasampula omlando. Kuzobiza okukhethekile kusuka ku-6500 rub. Ngo-1 k. M 2M ukuphakama uthango (ngaphandle kwezindleko zomsebenzi nesisekelo). Uthango olubiwe lula kune-3000RUB. / POG. m.
Izingcingo eziphithizelwe zishibhile zishibhile (kusuka ku-1500 rub. Okwe-1 p. M 2 m.
Olunye uhlobo lothango lwe- "Metallic" luwucingo oluvela ku-Flooring Professional (I-Metal Plathed Sheet) nge-plastisol ye-polymer coating plastisol, i-puryester, i-polyester. Okuqukethwe kupendwe ngezingoma ezikhethekile ezingxenyeni ezi-2-3, ezinikela ekunwetshisweni kwempilo yenkonzo ye-coating (kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50). Ukubambisana kwalolu hlobo lokucinga kuhlanganisa izici eziphakeme zamandla, ukumelana nokulwa nokugqwala, ukuqina. Izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa. Ukuze uthango kusuka ezansi kwezobuchwepheshe akubukeki njengewebhu yensimbi eqinile, ungabheka "izinsika zokusekela. Zicwebezelwe ngokhuni lwamapulangwe noma ukubhekana netshe lokufakelwa. I-AX UPEPTIAMS CANVAS ingafakwa i-visor enhle yokuvikela. Intengo 1 Uma uthango oluvela phansi ochwepheshe endaweni ephakeme kungama-ruble angama-850-900.
Izinhlobo ze-People of Tree "eziyiqiniso" zocingo lweqiniso - uthango oluvela kugridi yamaketanga. Izinzuzo zakhe kakhulu: Inikeza ukukhanya okuphezulu nokubuyekezwa, ihlala isikhathi eside, kulula ukuyifaka, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, okungabizi kakhulu - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-150. Ngo-1 k. m. uthango ekuphakameni 2m. Namuhla kunamasampula amaningi ama-grid. Okusebenzayo kakhulu yi-mesh yensimbi ene-zinc coating ye-galvanic. Ngeke abe nodaya njalo ngonyaka, futhi ayilahli ukuhlobisisa kwayo, ngokungafani nokuhlanganiswa kwe-vinyl enemibala. Akunakukwazi ukusetshenziselwa uthango lwegridi emnyama engakaze ehlakazekile yocingo oluncane, ngoba ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2-3 igcwele ngokuphelele. Ukungezwani kwegridi, faka izinsika ngesikhashana esingadluli kuka-3m. Njengomthetho, ama-asbestos-cement noma amapayipi wensimbi kanye nama-wensimbi ekhoneni asetshenziswa njengezisekelweni. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufaka lolu hlobo kocingo. Esikhathini esilandelayo, i-mesh insuswa izintambo ezimbili, ezidluliswa ngamaseli ngokweqile bese zibopha ngemivimbo yensimbi ezinsikeni. Ukuze i-canvas ye-mesh ayimelana, ikhebula lelula engxenyeni engenhla. Enye inketho kungenzeka. Amakona ensimbi enza uhlaka ekuphakameni kwe-10-20 cm ukuthola uthango olungaphansi kwebanga phakathi kokuxhaswa. I-mesh ifakwe ngentshiseko ngohlaka, ngemuva kwalokho isigaba esiqediwe sifakwa ezinsikeni ezisekelayo.
Hhayi ukwehla ngopende, hhayi isipikili esisodwa
Lapho amafasitela avele emakethe, amafasitela asePVC akhiqiza inguquko ekwazini komphakathi, efakazela ukuthi ngokhuni olujwayelekile ngenxa yesisindo sezinzuzo zabo. Ingabe okuthile kungakwazi ukuphinda okuthile okufana nothango lwe-PVC oluqiniswe ngaphakathi ngamaphrofayili ensimbi? Imikhiqizo imelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, amaconsi okushisa, ama-eco-friendly, ahlala isikhathi eside (asebenze okungenani iminyaka engama-50), awudingi ukunakekelwa. Azidingi ukupendiswa, ngoba uhla lombala lungakhethwa ekuqaleni.
Xhuma izinto usebenzisa amaphrofayili we-H- nama-P-Shaped bese ubopha nge-PVC glue. Ukuze uthango luhlale isikhathi eside, ibha eguquguqukayo iqiniswa ngepayipi lensimbi yensimbi. Imakethe iveza imikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe (ngokwesibonelo, i-Palkar, i-Israyeli) kanye nekhaya (kusuka enkampanini "i-IDR". Izindleko zocingo olungenisiwe kusuka ku-metalplastic ngama-ruble angama-3000- 3500. Ngo-1 k. m ekuphakameni kokuklanywa 2m, kwasekhaya - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1000. / POG. m.
"Izingcingo ze-Metal-Plastice zigcwele entshonalanga, ngoba umthengi waseRussia usasha. Kepha kusukela namhlanje izidingo zama-aesthetics zothango zikhule kakhulu, uthango lwezinhlaka zensimbi zimhlophe futhi zinhlobonhlobo. Kubukeka sengathi uthango oluhle kakhulu ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo eziningana zamaphrofayli kukuvumela ukuthi udale imikhiqizo yokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene - kusuka engcupheni yezembatho ezingezwayo. Amafomu amaningi, asikho isidingo sokupenda - Konke kwenza uthango kusuka ku-PVC lukhange kakhulu kumthengi. Ukubiyelwa kubukeka okufanayo futhi uhlangothi oluseceleni, nokusuka emgwaqweni. Izinsika ezizokweseka, zibukeke. "
Abahleli babonga inkampani "ZSC-1", "Gradff", Zabor.ru, tula, ukufeza, "ukwengeza-ubuchwepheshe", "Slavich", "Slavich", "Slavich" ukuze kulungiswelwe izinto ezibonakalayo.