Itshe etsheni, izitini esitini

Ukubekwa kobuso kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuningilizwa ezitini zobumba ngebhokisi lomthungo kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokugqoka olunhlobonhlobo. Imvamisa, ungqimba lobuso obuma-masonry luboshelwe nge-struseuse, ubeka imigqa ye-tiley njalo ngemigqa emihlanu yezipuni

Izinketho ze-Solid Wall Masonry

Ngokwakheka kwamakhona nezindawo zokuhlala

Ama-facade abhekene nesitini sohlobo oluthile nombala owodwa, noma ehlukahlukene - ngokusho komdwebo onqunyelwe ngaphambili

Izindonga ze-Masonry ezindaweni zokuhlangana zazo zisebenza ngokulinganayo

Ngokuhlelwa okulungile kwemigqa evundlile ye-brick masoniry eceleni kodonga kunwetshwa ngentambo - intambo enobubanzi obungu-2-3mm, osebenza njengemigqa yobuso (vest).

Ubumbano lwensimu ngokunqunywa kwesixazululo buyasetshenziswa lapho izindonga zakhiwa ngokugcwaliswa okugcwele kwama-suams aqonde mpo nasevundlile kanye nokwandiswa kwawo okulandelayo. Isitini singabaza kwikhambi ngokuthepha kulo ngefindo leKelma. I-Surplus Engxube ye-Mason usika iseli efanayo

Ngokugqoka okuqondile komthungo kuqala kubeka izitini ze-tile ngaphandle, kulandelwe - ama-valls angaphakathi nokujaha. Ngohlelo lokumiswa okuhlukahlukene okuningi, izitini zibekwa ngesinyathelo noma indlela exubile

Ukunwetshwa ngendlela yamafilithi kwenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho ikhambi lithola ukubonakala okwanele kokuyakha

Ukuze kuthi-ke i-masonry slot, akukho umswakama osesimweni semvula neqhwa, ekugcineni kosuku ngalunye lokusebenza ancibilikile ngesisombululo, noma ukumboza udonga kanye nobude befilimu noma ithoni

Ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kokushisa okuphezulu namuhla kunezitini "ukunqoba - Knauf" kanye ne- "Rauf" ekhiqizwa kubuchwepheshe baseJalimane eduze kwaseSt. Petersburg. Kunobuchwepheshe obunamagama ngokubeka kwabo. Awudingi ukufudumala izindonga ezinjalo

Abathuthukisi abazimele bathandwa ngomsebenzi oboshwe ngomthungo obizwa ngokuthi umthungo olwengeziwe emzimbeni wodonga, lapho ukufakwa kufakwa khona ngaphandle kwegebe lomoya - amapuleti e-basaltstrene. Ngokusho lobu buchwepheshe, izindonga zokulwa nezitini, ngaphansi kodaka lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi

Ukubeka izindonga zezitini-zendabuko nakulolu suku indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokwakhiwa kokubiyela nokusekela izakhiwo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ze-masonry zikuvumela ukuthi wakhele kusuka ezakhiweni zezitini zanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kanye nesitezi, ulufaka ama-facades, amatshe abo obuso babo, amatshe okuhlobisa, amatshe okuhlobisa. I-athikili yethu yethula umfundi ovame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-cottage kanye nezindlela zokuhlekisa

Izitini nodaka

Abakhi bahlanganisa izitini esigabeni setshe lokufakelwa. Ngempela, isitini asikho ngaphansi etsheni, futhi ngezindlela eziningi liyadlula. UBrick-Cray futhi uSuling akanalutho futhi ugcwele umhlophe. Kusukela isitini esibi siyi-hygroscopic eyengeziwe, khona-ke ngaphansi kwezinga lokufaka amanzi noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu akusetshenziswa. Izitini ezigcwele namuhla zisebenza kuphela ekubekeni ukuhlukaniswa, izinsiza, ama-chimneys. Iqiniso ngukuthi ezindaweni zalo zokuvikela ukushisa, liphansi kakhulu kwezinye izinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, ukumelana nokudluliswa kokushisa kwezindonga zezitini ezigcwele izitini ezigcwele kuhlale ezintathu nezingxenye eziphansi kunezindonga zokhuni zobukhulu obufanayo. Ngakho-ke, izindonga zangaphandle zakhiwa ikakhulu ezitini ezingenalutho (ezisebenzayo). Ukufakwa okwengeziwe kodonga lwezitini olunama-slabs eboya amaminerali, okuhlanganisiwe kukakhonkolo weselula, i-foam yenza ukuthi kwenzeke amandla okusebenza kwamandla kwesakhiwo kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-200% futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezitini.

Ama-facade abhekene nesitini sohlobo olulodwa nemibala, noma ehlukahlukene - ngokuya ngesimo esijwayelekile esivela kusethi ekwakhiweni kwezindonga zezakhiwo zokuhlala zinobubanzi be-2500g 65mm. Ubukhulu bezakhiwo zezitini eziningi noma isigamu salo. Ngakho-ke, ukushuba kodonga okungu-120mm kubizwa ngokuthi ama-masonry ePolkirpich, 250mm- in Brick It.D. Indiza enkulu kunazo zonke yendiza yezitini ibizwa ngokuthi yi-geza, indawo ende, isipuni, ingxenye yesikebhe.

Izindonga ezenziwe ngezitini zibekwa kwizixazululo ezibophayo ezihlanganisa usimende, isihlabathi namanzi, zinezelwe, uma kunesidingo, izingxenye zamakhemikhali ezisebenza ebusika. Lapho usebenzisa usimende wamabanga angama-500, ama-400 no-300, isilinganiso sikasimende nesihlabathi kufanele kube ngu-1: 3, gras futhi ngezansi - 1: 1. Imvamisa, kuthathwa usimende endaweni yokwakha ezikhwameni, isihlabathi kufakwe endaweni ngesandla. Isixazululo se-masonry silungiselelwe ku-concret mixer encane, kepha kungenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. Endabeni yamabhodi, isifuba esingajulile esinokwengeza kweshidi lensimbi siyaphina, lapho kuthululwa isihlabathi kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende kanye nesimende nakumakhabethe. Ngemuva kwalokho amanzi athulula kancane kancane engxube yesimende se-sandy futhi axube kahle isisindo ukuze athole isisombululo sokuvumelana okufunayo. Umugqa wesitini olandelayo ubekelwe isixazululo, ukugcwaliswa futhi okulengayo okumi mpo. Ubukhulu besixazululo kuma-seams avundlile odongeni busuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 mm, mpo (phakathi kwama-chip) - 8-15mm. Isixazululo silungiselelwe ngenani elingadliwa kuze kube yilapho ingxube ilahlekelwa ukubonakala futhi iqala ukulingana.

Izici zezitini zezindonga ze-masonry

Ukubuka kwezitini	Ubukhulu, mm.	Isisindo sesitini esisodwa, kg
Clay ejwayelekile Plasting Plastic	25012065.	3.2-3.5
Clay Hollop Plastic Plastic and Semi-Ost Press:
-nye zwi	25012065.	2.2-2.8
Ngaphezulu	25012088.	2.9-3.7
-mbaxambili	250120138.	4.6-5.8
Silication:
-nye zwi	25012065.	3.3-3.7
Ngaphezulu	25012088.	4.5-5.0

Izinhlobo nezindlela zokubeka ama-masonry

Uma nje ama-masonry efinyelela ukuphakama okungu-1,2 m, i-mason isebenza ngaphandle kwamadivayisi asizayo. Ngemuva kwalokho kube lula ukunyakaza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabantu okuzungeze umngcele wesakhiwo esakhiwa, izingqimba zifakiwe, ngemuva kwesikhathi, amahlathi ensimbi angenambatha. Amathuluzi amakhulu okubeka izitini anguTrowel, isando, i-plumb, i-batch, ujantshi, izinga. Isitini esicwebezelayo sinqunywa ediski yedayimane.

Ama-Survegency endizeni ebekwe ngaphansi kwezindonga ze-Plaster aveza umthetho / isikhafu. Ukubekezelela kungu-1 cmp eyenziwe ngodonga lwezitini noma odonswayo, noma unobuso obungadingi ukuqedwa. Uma udonga kufanele lube ngodaka, bese luvela ohlangothini lapho ukuqedwa kufanele kube khona, umthungo kuya ekujuleni kodaka ngo-10-15mm usimende kasimende awugcwaliswanga. Kwenziwa ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kodaka ngodaka ngesisekelo. Lolu hlobo lwama-masonry lubizwa ngokuthi yi-void. Ama-Masonry nawo angenziwa ekunciphiseni. Kulokhu, icala le-surplus lekhambi likhishwe ngesitini sezithombe zesakhiwo sangemva kodonga futhi sinqunywe yi-trowel (celma) kuye. Izinhloso zenkambiso, ikhambi kumthungo ohlangothini olungaphambili lwesakhiwo lihambisana ne-Excunder Excurese

I-Brickwork iqukethe ama-vell abeke phansi odongeni ngaphandle nangaphakathi, futhi kukhona ukugcwala phakathi kwama-vell. Umugqa wama-masonry, lapho izitini zitholakala khona uhlangothi olude (ukhezo) odongeni, zibizwa ngokuthi yi-spoonful, end ngxenye (Tych) - amawele. Amandla kaMasonry kanye nokwakhiwa kwephethini elithile elingaphezulu kodonga atholakala ngokugqoka izitini ze-spock-alters of spoonful kanye ne-fittical imigqa yokufuduka komugqa ngamunye noma isiqeshana sekota. Lapho izindonga zibekwa nge-oreter extender of the saims, i-lining of the row ebheke ebheke ngaphandle kwemigqa engaphansi kwemihlanu. Ngokubekwa okuqinile kwezindonga zangaphandle, ukuzalwa kabusha kwemithungo kungaba ngowokukhanya ngakunye nangemigqa emithathu noma emihlanu. Amandla we-masonry akhulisa kakhulu uma kuqiniswa yigridi yensimbi nge-6-12 cm ngegridi yensimbi ngegridi yensimbi.

Ama-masonry ama-vest izintambo zenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: Uma usebenzisa futhi ake sisebenzise. Owokuqala ukugcwaliswa okungaphelele kokuthunga-kufakwa lapho izindonga zezindonga zingena, owesibili, ngokugcwaliswa okugcwele kwemithungo, lapho ebeka izitini ezimbili eceleni komjikelezo wangaphandle odongeni. Kulokhu, ikhambi, ligxishwe ngaphambili kodonga, luyancishiswa amaseli. I-vertical of the masonry ihlolwe nge-plumb, ifakwe ngokuqondile ngaphezulu komugqa wezitini ngqo ngojantshi ohambisana nezinhlangothi ezihambisanayo ngobude obungu-2-2,5 m kanye nezinga. Ukungahambi kahle kodonga komhlaba kwembulwa ngokusebenzisa ujantshi ofanayo kuya ngokuqondile nangokuzenzakalelayo. Umthungo wenziwa ngethuluzi lensimbi (extender) ngemuva kokukhanya njalo ngamathayi ama-3-4. Owokuqala ukwandisa imigqa emile emile ngokushesha, landela okuvundlile.

Icubungula imisipha kaMasonry:

1.vpustovoy

2. Ngokuhlolwa kwama-seams:

a) roller;

b) flip

3. I-codefactor

Ama-Masonry asebenzayo

Ekwakhiweni kwama-cottage wanamuhla, kwasatshalaliswa ukubekwa kwezingqimba ezintathu, kuvumela ukwenza izindonga zinciphile ngaphandle kokushintsha izakhiwo zazo zobunjiniyela. Ukusetshenziswa okuncane kwezitini kanye nokumelana okukhulu kokushisa okushisayo kutholakala ekwakhiweni okufakwayo okungungqikithi, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye ye-Inner (Carrier) yenziwe ngezitini ezisebenzayo, futhi ongaphandle (ozixhasayo) kuyisitini esijabulisayo. Incazelo edingekayo yokumelana nokudluliswa kokushisa okudongeni odonswayo ihlinzekwa ukusetshenziswa kwamapuleti okushisa ukushisa ngokukhulu okudingekayo phakathi kodonga olunesidingo nokubhekana nakho. Uma isixazululo sezakhiwo se-facade sifaka ukufaka udonga lwangaphandle, khona-ke imigqa yangaphambili iboshwe ngodonga oluyinhloko ngemigqa ye-tile noma izintambo zensimbi njalo emigqeni engu-5-6 yama-masonry. Imvamisa yedivaysi yokushisa yokushisa, amapuleti kusuka kuma-basalt fibers noma i-polystyrere Foam asetshenziswa. Udonga olufakiwe olunesigqila se-51cm ezimfanelweni zalo zokuvikela ukushisa lulingana nomsebenzi oqinile wesitini kusuka ku-Brick ngobude obugcwele. Amapuleti okushisa okufudumele afakwe ngokuqondile phakathi kwezindonga zangaphakathi nezingaphandle. Izingxenye zokwakhiwa kwezitini ezihlanganisiwe ezintathu zibongekele komunye nomunye ezingxenyeni zempahla ezenziwe ngokuqiniswa nge-4.5-6mm noma i-fiberglass noma i-fiberglass, ngesilinganiso esingu-4 Isinyathelo sabo ekuphakameni nasebubanzi kuncike ekukhulumeni kwama-slabs wokufakelwa. Iziphetho zezixhumanisi zibekwe engxenyeni engaphandle nengaphakathi yodonga kuya ekujuleni kuka-6-8cm.

Ngokufanelekile, kudingeka idivaysi yohlobo lomoya ongena umoya phakathi kwengxenye yangaphandle yodonga namapuleti wokufakelwa okushisayo. Ubukhulu bayo kufanele bube ngu-20-30 mm. Ukungena komoya omuhle, imikhiqizo engenhla kufanele yenziwe kuma-eaves, aphansi, okuphansi. Ukudalwa kokukhishwa komoya kuyinkimbinkimbi yezobuchwepheshe futhi kuyabiza. Izindleko ze-1m2 zodonga lokwakheka okunjalo zisondela izindleko zodonga kusuka kuzitini ezibizayo ezihlaselayo eziboshwe ngokwengeziwe, lapho umphumela ofanayo utholakala khona. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zokwakha zesifunda saseMoscow zivame ukwenza ikhambi lokuyekethisa, lalela ukufakwa emzimbeni womsebenzi wezitini ngaphandle kwegebe lomoya. Okokusebenzisa izitini eziyize ezintathu noma eziyize. Ukubhekana ne-facade ngesitini kwenziwa ngesimemezelo semisipha. Sihambile ngihlaselwe ezinye izinkampani, ama-maronry enziwa ezindongeni ezimbili ngobukhulu obungama-380 no-120 mm walala phakathi kwazo ngosayizi ongu-5 cm. Amandla we-Design ahlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kwensimbi noma ukuqiniswa kwemigqa yegridi ye-masonry. Sibonisa udonga lwe-II olubeka phansi ngaphansi kodaka, luthatha imigqa yobuso ngodonga oluyinhloko ngemigqa ye-tile. Isici esakhayo salolu hlobo lwama-masonry sidinga ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kokukhiqizwa komsebenzi, kanye nokuqiniswa okwengeziwe kweziqeshana ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezingxenye ezingezansi zezindonga zokwakha.

Udonga olungama-liner amathathu ukuze ulwelwe

ngokuxhumeka kwensimbi

1. Ingaphakathi lodonga lwezitini.

2. Ngaphandle kwengxenye yodonga lwezitini.

3. Ukufakwa.

4. Amabhondi we-Metal kusuka ekuqinisweni kwe-w 4.5-6mm noma i-fiberglass ngesilinganiso se-4 isikhombimsebenzisi kuya ebusweni be-1M2.

Udonga lwezitini ezintathu-ungqimba ngaphansi kwe-Stucco ngokuxhumeka kwezitini

1. Ukuxhumana kwezitini

(Ukwakheka kwangaphandle kwezitini ze-tychos)

2. Facade udaka.

3. Ukufakwa.

Izinhlobonhlobo zodonga lwe-masonry

kusuka ematsheni okufakelwa

a) ukubekwa okuqinile kwezitini ezijwayelekile;

b) Izindonga ezingasindi zesitini ezijwayelekile ngezindonga eziqondile eziguqukayo

(Ama-masonry we-welding);

c) Izindonga ezingasindi zezitini ezifakiwe ngamabhondi avundlile ngendlela ye-TyChwaries

(ukubekwa kokhonkolo kwesitini);

d) Udonga lwe-Curamic Target Brick.

Masonry

Isixazululo se-masonry sokuqalekisa sidinga izinga lokushisa elifanele nemvelo emanzi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lincipha, inqubo yehlisa kakhulu, futhi ngamanani amabi, iyama. Isixazululo esindayo silahlekelwa yiplastiki, imishini yokubeka okuvundlile ayihlanganisiwe. Lapho incipha ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi, ukuhanjiswa kwezulu okungalingani kanye nokulahleka kokuqina namandla wesakhiwo kwenzeka. Isikhathi sokwenqatshwa kwekhambi siyizinsuku ezingama-28, ngakho-ke, ngokuqaqaleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuthambisa, amandla awo ancishiswa ngesigamu kusuka kumuntu obaliwe. Izakhi zamakhemikhali ezikhulisa ukumelana kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi zingezwa kwisixazululo ebusika.

Isixazululo se-masonry nge-Chemical Contnents ehamba ngamazinga okushisa aphansi, usimende kulo ukuvuna ngokushesha okukhulu. Izithasiselo zokubhoboza zisebenzisa i-sodium chloride, i-calcium chloride, i-sodium nitrite, potash (carbon dioxide). Uhlobo lwesengezo lunqunywa yiphrojekthi. Isixazululo sokufakwa kwamakhemikhali asisetshenziswanga uma iphrojekthi ikhuphule umswakama ezikhungweni zephrojekthi (ezindlini zokugezela, ezindlini zokugeza). Izengezo zamakhemikhali ziyi-hygroscopic, ngenxa yokuthi ukuhanjiswa kungavela ezindongeni. Umshayeli onezengezo kufanele asetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuhlelwa. I-Hummer Ukubeka inokushisa kuka-5 ° C C. Iqhwa futhi liphinde lifudunyezwe ngesisombululo samanzi esishisayo senqatshelwe. Qiniseka ukuthi uhambisana nezidingo nemiyalo ebona hhayi kuphela izinhlobo zohlobo, kodwa futhi nenani lezithasiselo, izimo zokusebenza okulandelayo kwale ndawo.

Noma ubhekene nesixazululo sokwengeza ukumelana nesithwathwa, ama-masonry seams kumele agcwaliswe kakhulu ekuqandeni. Kulokhu, ikhambi lihlanganisa izindawo ezincane: izitini ezimbili ze-spoonful futhi ezine-eziyisithupha ekuhlatshweni. Misa izitini wenze ukunwebeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi ngokushesha kufanele kuholele kuma-masonry ngasikhathi sinye kanye nobude bodonga nokuphakama, ukuze ube nesikhathi sokuhlanganisa isisombululo esingaphansi kwezitini. Lokhu kubalwa ngeziza. Ukwenza umsebenzi ebusika, iMason kumele ibheke ngokuqinile ubukhulu bokumiswa okumisiwe okuqondile nokuvundlile. Ama-masonry aqhaqha amahora amabili, ukucindezelwa kwesixazululo esingavinjelwe kwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuncipha kwaso okuphelele: eThaw noma entwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bomthungo odlula okujwayelekile kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukulala okunzima kanye nokubhujiswa kodonga.

Yonke imithungo emile mpo yama-masonry ebusika ngaphambi kwekhefu emsebenzini kufanele igcwaliswe ngokucophelela ngodaka. Ngesikhathi sekhefu, kuyadingeka ukumboza ungqimba olungapheli lwesendlalelo sophahla noma isitini ngaphandle kwesisombululo (somile). Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, ingaphezulu lihlanzwa kusuka eqhweni, isixazululo seqhwa, ama-nondes. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka i-verticality yodonga, ngoba ukuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokunwebeka kugcwele imiphumela emibi. Isibhedlela, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwendatshana ethandwayo akunakwenzeka ukucubungula zonke izici eziningi zobuchwepheshe bezitini. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu akudingekile kumfundi. Into esemqoka ukuthi abanikazi bezindlu zezitini baye baba nomqondo wokuthi bakhiwe futhi bakhiwe kanjani. Ungayifunda imininingwane eminingi ngokuxhumana nezincwadi ezikhethekile.

Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwesitini sokubeka udonga

Ubukhulu be-Masonry / Masonry, cm	Ubukhulu bezitini	Ngaphandle komugqa wodaka, ama-PC.	Kucatshangelwa ama-seams ancibilikile, ama-PC.
1m3 Masonry	okukodwa	512.	394.
1.5	378.	302.
2.	242.	200.
I-1m2 Masonry in 0.5 Bricks / 12	okukodwa	61.	51.
1.5	45.	39.
2.	amashumi amathathu	26.
I-1m2 Masonry in 1 Brick / 25	okukodwa	128.	102.
1.5	95.	78.
2.	60.	52.
I-1M2 Masonry in 1.5 Bricks / 38	okukodwa	189.	153.
1.5	140.	117.
2.	90.	78.
I-1M2 Masonry in 2 Bricks / 51	okukodwa	256.	204.
1.5	190.	156.
2.	120.	104.
I-1M2 Masonry 2.5 Izitini / 64	okukodwa	317.	255.
1.5	235.	195.
2.	150.	130.