Izimo eziyisisekelo zokumba imisele ngaphansi kokubekwa kwentambo yamandla kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-compressor ne-jackhammer, kanye ne-mathupha
Intambo igweme ngesandla kungaba ukusuka echibini, noma kwikhoyili kwi-trailer yeselula
Amaphasiji wekhebula avalwe uphawu ngezimpawu zohlobo lwe-RYSS ezivuthayo (i-rychem) embozwe nge-sealant. Lapho ukukhulisa i-seatant kwenza ukungena kwamanzi angangeni manzi
Lapho ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bokufaka bokuhlanganiswa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ukuqina kokuxhunywa kwentambo isikhathi eside kuqinisekiswa. Ukufakwa kwe-filler clutch kulula kakhulu
Ngokwesiko, uphawu lokufuya ikhebula lwenziwa ngengxube yesihlabathi, usimende nodaka.
I-GEL Clutches isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma, ukufakwa kwamagatsha kanye nokulungisa izintambo ngokufakwa kwepulasitiki ngaphandle kwe-armor (thayipha i-VG, i-AVVG, PVG, N (a) YY, N (a) YBY IDR.). I-Silicone Gel inama-adhesion amahle ne-hyddostuty
Ukwakhiwa kwentambo yokuhlangana kwe-cable "inqubekelaphambili"
Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi emkhakheni wokuhlala umuntu ngamunye kukhula ngo-unyaka nonyaka. Intuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe ifika ekushintsheni komkhiqizo wokuziphatha okuhle nokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe wekhebula nokuxhumeka kwentambo, okuvumela kakhulu ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka kanye nokuphepha kwamanethiwekhi kagesi, kunwebe impilo yabo yenkonzo
Ikhebula. Yiphi?
Ugesi ungena endlini ngezintambo zomugqa wokudluliswa kukagesi noma ngentambo ebekwe emhlabathini. Ungangena kanjani ugesi ekwakheni noma ikhebula, uxazulula amandla endawo okuhlinzeka ngenhlangano ekuxhumaneni nomnikazi wendawo yokuhlala. Inzalo yomfundi ukuthi uhla olubanzi ngokwesiko lezintambo zesimanje luyavuselelwa lisanda kuvuselelwa ngemikhiqizo emisha, izici zawo zinenzuzo ukuhlukanisa kusuka kuma-prototypes. Izindlela zokubeka endlini yezintambo nezintambo ezivela ku-Transformer ephelele (KTP) noma i-Pilot Transformer, ukuthola ukuxhumana kwamakhebula kushintshiwe.
Ukungena kwekhebula ngogesi esakhiweni kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ngaphandle kokuxhaswa ngokhuni noma ukhonkolo ongahlali ungena emvelweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu kubiza kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nendlela yokufaka yomoya yezindlu kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube muva nje, okufakiwe kwe-Cable ethembeke kunomoya. Izintambo ze-voltage eziphansi neziphakathi nendawo (1-10 KV) zokwakheka kwendabuko beziphendula kabi i-acidity kanye nomswakama okuqukethwe kwenhlabathi, imijikelezo yokuqaqeka kwabo nokuncipha, enhlabathini eboshwe phansi. Ukulalela ukuwohloka nokuphazamiseka kwamakhebuli okuqinisa ngephepha-okufakiwe (BP) kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Ukuchitheka kwe-chloration (PVC) kwadingeka ukuthi kuguqulwe ezindaweni ezifika ku-20m Ububi bezintambo ezinomselezi we-polyethylene oqinile (i-spe) kanye ne-cores yerabha yokubekwa uphawu kwe-longber yesikhala esiphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi nendawo, ukuthembeka kokufakwa kwentambo kukhule kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abathengi bakhombisa lokhu namuhla ezitsheke zesizukulwane esisha njengentshisekelo efanayo nocingo lwesimanje lokuxhaswa komoya. Cishe zonke izitshalo zephrofayili eRussia zibandakanyeka ekukhishweni kwamakhabethe ama-Power for trench okokufaka endlini, izimboni eziningi e-Ukraine. Phakathi kwazo kukhona amabhizinisi amakhulu anjenge-CJSC "MOSKABEL", OJSC "Electrocabel" Kolchuginsky Plant, OJSC "Irkutskabel", CJSC "Lyuudinovokabel" isitshalo, bheka. Imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme ihlinzekwa ezweni lethu eFinland (Ennsto) neFrance (Nexans).
1- Shell; 2 - Ukhalweni lokuhlukaniswa; 3- [waphila;
4- Umcamelo ngaphansi kwezembatho; 5 - Izikhali; Isembozo esingaphandle; Isigaba sesi-7 sokuhlukaniswa; Ukugcwaliswa kwezinto zokugcwalisa okungu-8;
Ukwakhiwa kwekhebula lokufakelwa kwepulasitiki:
Imithambo evuthayo engu-1; 2- Isigaba sokuhlukaniswa; 3- I-Polymer Shell; 4- Ukugcwalisa esikhungweni; 5-umcamelo ngaphansi kwezembatho; 6 - Izikhali; 7- Ngaphandle Pokrov
Yini ekhangayo ngentambo yonjiniyela ozimele ngokuhlukana ne-SPE? Okokuqala, igama elithi "i-polyethylene eqinile" kufanele lichazwe. I- "Stitching" ye-polyethylene yokwelashwa kwayo ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali ezingeni lamangqamuzana, elikhulisa izici zikagesi nezemishini zokufakelwa, okunciphisa uhla lwamazinga okushisa okusebenza. Idizayini yamakhekhe amancane aphansi naphakathi nendawo, kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuvela ku-PTE, ihlinzekela ukuba khona komthambo we-Copper noma we-Aluminium ohleliwe owenziwe kusuka kwesinye noma izintambo ezisontekile zesigaba esiyindilinga noma esisontekile. Ukufakwa kwe-zero okuhlala ku-zero kwenziwa ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imithambo ephansi kudwetshwe kunhlanganisela yemibala eluhlaza nokwephuzi. Izintambo zenza ezintathu-, ezine nezingulube ezinhlanu. Banayo yonke imithambo yesigaba esifanayo sesiphambano noma okukodwa kwesigaba esincane sesiphambano (zero noma esitokisini) ezingubeni ezine. Imithambo efakiwe ikhishwe emgogodleni azungeze i-parness yepulasitiki ye-PVC noma irabha engenazo izidumba, ethatha ifomu elidingekayo ngesikhathi sokusonta kwentambo futhi lilinamathisela ubude. Emithanjeni esontekile, kukhona ukufakwa okhalweni okhalweni okuvela e-polyethylene, ipulasitiki ye-PVC noma ingxube egcwele enjoloba engagcwali kahle egcwele ngokugcwaliswa kwezikhala phakathi kwabaqhubi. Kwesinye isikhathi iBelt Solate iyingqimba ebili: Ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwengxubevange yenjoloba engekho emthethweni, i-polyethylene yangaphandle noma ipulasitiki ye-PVC. Okulandelayo kufanele kube yisembozo esivikelekile esivela kumateyipu amabili wensimbi galvanized ukuze aqede izikhala phakathi kwamathiphu aphansi. I-coating yokuqeda iyi-hose evikelayo, ekhishwe kwi-polyethylene.
Ithebula elingezansi liqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo ze-voltage eziphansi neziphakathi nendawo ezihlukaniswayo ezivela kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ngezintambo ku-BP zodwa zibe nezakhiwo ezihlukile. Lokhu kudlula okukhulu (15-30%) Ukufakelwa ngokungezelela izinga lokushisa elivumelekile lethambo, izici ezinhle kakhulu zogesi nezokwelapha zokuhlanzeka, ukuncipha okuncane komswakama, amathuba okuthi afakwe ngaphansi kwamathrekhi nge Umehluko wenqanaba olungenamkhawulo futhi emazingeni okushisa angaphansi -20 angenamdlandla, isisindo esincane kanye nobukhulu bekhebula.
Izici zamakhabethe ama-Power ngokufakwa kusuka ku-SPE nezintambo nge-BP kanye ne-PVC Ukufakwa ku-voltage ka-1 kV
| Amapharamitha | I-spe | I | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukushisa okuhlala isikhathi eside kuhlala isikhathi eside, nge | 90. | 80. | 70. |
| Izinga lokushisa elivumelekile lapho usebenza kwimodi ephuthumayo (6h), nge | 130. | 105. | 80. |
| Izinga lokushisa elivumelekile lihlala nesifunda esifushane, nge | 250. | 200. | 160. |
| Imithwalo yamanje evumelekile ngokuya ngengxenye yesiphambano yethambo,% | 120-125 | I-105-110 | 100 |
| I-Directive Dielectric ihlala njalo | 2,3. | 4.0 | 4.5 |
| Ukumelana kwevolumu ethile, OM. cM | 1016. | 1013. | 1013. |
| I-tangent angle yokulahleka kwe-dielectric | 0.001. | 0.008. | 0,01 |
| Ukushisa okuncane kwe-gasket okuvumelekile ngaphandle kokuphila ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nge | -20 (nge-apvbsp) -15 (kwezinye izintambo) | 0 | -Ishumi nanhlanu |
| I-Bend Radius ende (ububanzi bekhebula le-dh- yangaphandle) | 7.5.DH. | I-15.DH (yezintambo egobolondweni lokuhola) 25.dh (ngezintambo ezisele) | 7.5.DH. |
| Umehluko ezingeni ngethrekhi ye-gasket, m | Ngaphandle kwemikhawulo | ishumi nanhlanu | Ngaphandle kwemikhawulo |
Uhlobo luni lwezitampu ze-Cable okufanele zisetshenziselwe okokufaka kukagesi ezindlini ngazinye? Amakhabethelu ama-PVP, uhlelo lokusebenza, i-PvP ne-APPP kungenziwa ngaphansi komhlaba kungakhathalekile ukuthi unesilinganiso somsebenzi wokugqwala wenhlabathi. Uma imikhiqizo inama-indices angeziwe "G" kanye ne- "2G", kufanelekile ukubeka phansi zombili emhlabathini nasemanzini, ngokuya ngezinyathelo ezingafaki ukulimala kwemishini emugqeni kagesi. Izintambo ze-PVV Brands, i-ATV, i-PVVNG-LS *, i-APC-LS yenzelwe ukuhlalisa inhlabathi eyomile (esihlabathini, isihlabathi-ubumba kanye nomhlabathi ojwayelekile onomswakama ongaphansi kwe-14%). Uma kungekho ingozi yokulimala kwemishini emhlabathini, izintambo zibekwa epulasitiki ye-AVVG, i-VG, kanye ne-APBBSH, i-APBBB, iPVBBSH, PVBBSS, uma inhlabathi ingabi nalutho futhi oluphuthumayo. Noma yimuphi umhlabathi ngaphandle kwemikhawulo, ikhebula le-WBBSH lifanelekile. Izinhlobo zamakhebuli ezifakwe kuhlu zifakwe ngaphandle kokubheka umehluko emazingeni ezwe. Nge-gasket engaphansi komhlaba, izintambo zamandla ezinokufakwa kwamaphepha, okufakwe kulawulo olungelona iqiniso olusasetshenziswa. I-CAMMAY ETHOLE NGAMAHHALA WOKUTHENGA KAKHULU NOKUTHENGA KAKHULU WOKUTHENGA KWE-CONS-CORE CORT-CORE CHARV I-analog yokukhiqizwa kwamafemu angaphandle inelebula yawo, ixhumene nokuhlukaniswa kwamakhebuli ezamukelwa eRussia.
Izintambo ezihloselwe ukudluliselwa kanye nokusabalalisa ugesi ongabekwa emhlabathini
Izintambo Zokulala
Ukubekwa kanjani kwamakhabethe amandla? Ezimweni eziningi, zihlolelwa indlu ngendlela yesende, ngamapayipi noma ngaphandle kwazo, ngokuya nge "Imithetho yokufakwa kukagesi" kanye nezimo zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe. Intambo ye-cable ehlombe yenziwa kusetshenziswa isitoko sekhebula noma i-wedge ifaka umnyombo osebenza. Amandla avumelekile we-Cable Tension ngesikhathi se-strip asiphakeme kune-30 h / mm2 yemithambo ye-aluminium ne-50 n / mm2 yethusi. Ngasikhathi sinye, irediyo ephansi yokugoba ikhebula kufanele okungenani ibe yi-15 DH (7.5, lapho ifaka usebenzisa ithempulethi ekhethekile), inani lama-bends alikho ngaphezulu kwesishiyagalombili ubude bekhebula. Ngaphandle kokushisa kwangaphambilini, izintambo zifakwa emazingeni okushisa aze afike ku-20 c for pvp brand, uhlelo lokusebenza, pvpu, appe kanye ne-PVV brand, ama-ATM, pvvng-ls kanye ne-apvng-ls. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ikhebula kufanele libheke egumbini elifudumele ekushiseni kwe-+20 okungenani ngosuku noma lifudumele esigubhu ngokushaya umoya oshisayo.Ngabe ukuxhumeka kwezintambo phakathi kwabo kanjani, kanjani futhi okuvikela ngayo izindawo zezinhlanganisela ngaphansi komhlaba? Ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazanyiswa ekhaya, le nkinga ibaluleke kakhulu. Ungaxhuma nezintambo zamagatsha ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezitembu, kanye nezintambo kanye nezintambo zokufaka komoya, uma kunesidingo. Ukuxhumeka kwamakhebula namagatsha kuvalwe uphawu ngezixhumanisi. Babeyiziqubu ezibanzi kakhulu. Le ndlela ilungile, kepha kudla isikhathi; Okokukhuphuka, i-gerter yegesi namathuluzi ayadingeka. Ama-Shrinkage Clutches abandayo avame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zensimu, uma kungekho emishini oyifunayo. Ama-gel kanye nama-fullings kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa futhi athembeke kuyo, kepha impela umgwaqo, ngaphandle kwalokho, isitoreji sabo silinganiselwe. Ukuxhumeka kokubekwa uphawu kwamakhamera enophawu olunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokufakelwa, kukhethwe izihlobo ezihambisanayo.
Kuzo zonke izimo, iziphetho zama-Sivers ezithwala amanje ezixhunyiwe zikhangwa ngokuphephile kwisixhumi sensimbi ngamabhande amabili anamakhanda aphazamisayo. Ngokusho kobuchwepheshe be-Thermal Shrinkage, yonke indawo yokufaka ingcindezi yahlalahlukanisa neshubhu epulasitiki equkethe i-glue incibilike: lapho kufudumeza ukushisa kwenza umxube we-hermetic. Ukuze uthole ilungiselelo elifanele lamakhompiyutha ahlobene nomunye phakathi kwabo, ama-spacers epulasitiki ahlangana ne-plastic ahlanganiswe ne-mastic-dieleptric. Izikrini zekhebula zensimbi zihlotshaniswa neribhoni lomhlaba wensimbi ngokuthengisa noma ngomshini. Ukuvikela ukuphazamiseka kukagesi, isayithi lokuxhuma livikelwe yi-foil. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafaki benza iqoqo lezinyathelo zokusabalalisa amandla kagesi ngokucophelela abaqhubi, ukuhlukanisa ama-cores okuhambisanayo kusuka emiphumeleni yokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwekhebula (uma uwoyela ne-rosin) kusetshenziswa), gcwalisa ukungabi nalutho Phakathi kwabaqhubi futhi ususe amathuba okuba umswakama namagesi ku-node yokuxhuma. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ompompi bokufaka okufakwayo, ukubopha ama-mastic kanye nama-adhesives.
Ngokusho kobuchwepheshe obubandayo shrinkage, ukuhlanganiswa kuvalwe ngentambo ngenxa ye- "Memelisar Memory", enezinto zepulasitiki. Ngemuva kwesimo sokusebenza, ama-nozzles ahlanganise aphethwe ngaphakathi kusuka ekushweni kwe-shrinkage enezinsimbi noma zepulasitiki. Ngemuva kwekhanda lokuhlangana emaphethelweni afakwe kwezintambo kanye nokugcwaliseka kokuthula okudingekayo, kwasuswa imiklamo, futhi i-clutch ihleli kahle. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe kabanzi kumadivayisi aphansi amavolumu afana namashubhu afaka amashubhu, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa i-adapta kanye nokuvalwa kokuphela kwekhebula.
Isikhathi eside esivumelekile sokuthola imithwalo yamanje yezintambo ezinokufakwa okuvela ku-SPE kumanethiwekhi ane-voltage ka-1,3 no-6 kV
| Isigaba sesiphambano sakugama sahlala, mm | Imithwalo yamanje yamanje yamakhekhe, futhi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ngezindlu zethusi | ngezindlu ze-aluminium | |||||||
| Emhlabathini | Emoyeni | Emhlabathini | Emoyeni | |||||
| okukodwa; 3 kV. | 6 kv. | okukodwa; 3 kV. | 6 kv. | okukodwa; 3 kv. | 6 kv. | okukodwa; 3 kv. | 6 kv. | |
| Okuthenyalwayo | 87. | 79. | 76. | 75. | 67. | 62. | 58. | 58. |
| ishumi nesithupha | 113. | 104. | 101. | 99. | 87. | 79. | 78. | 75. |
| 25. | 147. | 138. | 133. | 128. | 113. | 102. | 102. | 99. |
| 35. | 178. | 166. | 164. | 157. | 137. | 124. | 126. | 122. |
| amashumi amahlanu | 217. | 198. | 205. | 191. | 166. | 147. | 158. | 145. |
| 70. | 268. | 243. | 262. | 244. | 201. | 181. | 194. | 180. |
| 95. | 316. | 294. | 318. | 296. | 240. | 220. | 237. | 220. |
| 120. | 363. | 333. | 372. | 348. | 272. | 249. | 274. | 255. |
| 150. | 410. | 378. | 429. | 389. | 310. | 282. | 317. | 290. |
| 185. | 459. | 429. | 488. | 447. | 384. | 322. | 363. | 336. |
| 240. | 529. | 503. | 579. | 534. | 401. | 278. | 428. | 400. |
Ubuchwepheshe busebenzisa ukuthulula okuhlanganisiwe (ukugcwalisa ukugcwalisa). I-Rychem (Germany), "3M" (Csh), i-Ennsto (Finland) ithuthukise indlela yokuxhuma ikhebula nge-coupling egcwele ijeli noma i-compound. Inkampani "3M" ikhiqiza uhla olubanzi lokuxhuma kanye ne-branching (ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka amakhebuli esakhiweni, ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle, njll.) Yezindawo ezihlanganayo ze-Filler. Izindlu ezihlanganisiwe zihleliwe endaweni yesehlakalo sekhebula lokuxhumana / yegatsha. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa, izakhi zezinkomba zixubene esigabeni sezigaba ezimbili, esikhwameni esivalelwe amakhambi. Ngentamo ekhethekile, ukwakheka okuqediwe kuthululelwa ezindlini ezihlangene, lapho zivunwa ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ukuxhumeka kwanele ukulala ngenhlabathi, futhi ikhebula lilungele ukusebenza. Amadivaysi eBay anomzimba osobala akuvumela ukuthi ubheke kahle inqubo yokugcwalisa i-compound. Uma zifakiwe, empeleni azikho i-isocyate, igesi elinobungozi ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokushiswa okushisayo kwama-buplings. I-Compound Compound Compound ibonakala ngokumelana okukhulu kwamakhemikhali, amandla emishini kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuqukethwe enhlabathini. Izicucu zeFiller zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezintambo, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kwamaphepha nokufakwa kwe-polyethylene.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezintambo zamandla ezintathu, ezine- nenhlanu nezinhlaka ezinhlanu futhi ezinama-arror futhi ngaphandle kwawo, i-voltage ye-1 KV (AVVG, APVG, AVBBSH, njll.) Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukushisa kwe-PSTT3 / 4/5 Ukuhlangana. Ukuxhuma ama-3- no-cores amane ane-cores ephepheni egobolondweni elijwayelekile, ama-aute-suite agwini ahlosiwe, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yesakhiwo eqinisekiswa ngalezi zinhloso.
Intambo kusuka ngaphansi komhlaba ixhumeke kuma-terminals we-transformer kanye nedivaysi yesingeniso neyasabalalisa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kukagesi, imithambo yamanje exhunyiwe, kufaka phakathi ukuphela kokufakwa kwemithambo kanye nendawo yethiphu, ukuhlukanisa izimbambo zesiginali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sisebenzisa ama-thermal namanye ama-clutches ngendlela yamagilavu namashubhu, enzelwe ukunqanyulwa kokuphila ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokufakelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlikihla izintambo ezintathu-, ezine noma ezinhlanu ezinama-avpor, nge-voltage ye-1 K-AVVG, i-APVG, abakhiqizi, bancoma ukusebenzisa ukushisa kwe-CKPP3 / 4 / 5 Ukuhlangana, up / 4/5, imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe yabakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe abathembekile. Izintambo zamandla kagesi afanayo ane-Paper insulation egobolondweni elijwayelekile, kufanele ukhethe ukuhlanganiswa okuthe xaxa kwe-KV (H) i-PP3 / 4 noma imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe yezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe.
EJapan, eFrance, eFinland naseSweden kumanethiwekhi okusatshalaliswa kwamandla aphansi naphakathi naphakathi, yi-khebula kuphela esetshenziswa e-lolodate kusuka ku-PTE. I-Russia iphinde ibambe entshonalanga.
* I-Index ye- "NG" ikhombisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwekhebula alusekeli ukushiswa, inkomba ye-LS (intuthu ephansi) - ukuthi emlilweni, ikhebula linokubhema okuncane futhi alidedeli izinto ezinobuthi. Lezi zintambo zibiza kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, futhi, njengomthetho, zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezikhethekile.
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga i-Tyco Electronics, 3M, Elensto, OJSC Electrocabel Kolchuginsky Plant, Transerinerenerbo kanye CJCOBALEL MOSKABEL WOKUZUZA UKUZE USIZO LOKUSEBENZA.