Ukuqhubeka kwamazwana kwikhodi yezindlu yeRussia Federation. Kuzoba mayelana nezakhiwo zokuhlala ezinikezwe ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zokuqashwa komphakathi.
Ngaphambi kwakho, qhubeka nokuphawula kwikhodi yezindlu yeRussia Federation. Ukushicilelwa kwanamuhla kunikelwe eSigabeni III (Articles 49-91) walo mthetho wobumbano, okukhulu nokubaluleke kakhulu. Ubizwa ngokuthi "Izakhiwo Zokuhlala, Kunikezwe Ngaphansi Kwezivumelwano Zokuqashwa Kwezenhlalo."
Ikhodi entsha yezindlu yeRussian Federation (LCD), evele yasebenza kusuka ku-1Mart 2005, isivele inikelwe ezihlokweni ezimbili ezishicilelwe emakamelweni adlule kumagazini wethu. Khumbula okwakuxoxwa ngakho.
Izinto zokuqala (i-athikili "izophila ngendlela entsha") yaxoxa ngezikhundla eziphambili, okungukuthi, okungcono zimboze okuqukethwe ukwahlukanisa nokuhlukahluka ngokwengxenye. Izakhamizi zaseRussia zinenkululeko yokuzikhethela kwezakhiwo zokuhlala noma kuphi ezweni, futhi iziphathimandla zoMbuso kanye nohulumeni basekhaya kufanele bafake isandla ekusebenziseni ilungelo labo lokuhlala. Zonke izakhamizi ziyalingana, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwephulwa kwemithetho esetshenziselwa ezindlini enye yazo kuye kwalimaza abanye kungafaka izinkathazo ezinkulu, kuze kufike ecaleni futhi kuxosha umvuphu. Izakhiwo zokuhlala manje zingenziwa zihunyushelwe kwi-non-yokuhlala kanye nePhini elihlukile ngaphansi kokugadwa kwenqwaba yezimpahla nezindinganiso ezifanele zokwakha. Inqubo yokukhipha izimvume zokuhlelwa kabusha kanye (noma) ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezindlu kwenziwa lula: amadokhumenti ayadingeka ukuze andise abayisithupha, futhi ezimweni eziningi ezine. (Ngendlela, 28Prel 2005, ngemuva kokuphela kwezinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokungena kwe-LCD entsha, uHulumeni weRussia Federation wamukela isixazululo Nombolo 266 "ekwakheni kabusha ifomu lesicelo lokuhlelwa kabusha kanye (noma) ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe Izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye nefomu ledokhumenti eliqinisekisa lesi sinqumo sokuhlela kabusha kabusha kanye (noma) ukwakhelwa kabusha kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. "Ngakho-ke," ukuzibizela "kweziphathimandla zasekhaya ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe kwaqedwa. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, Inqubo yokukhipha izimvume zokuhlelwa kabusha / ukwakhiwa kabusha kuyafana kubo bonke, kubandakanya izakhamizi zaseMoscow naseSt. Petersburg.)
Umnikazi, uma kuqhathaniswa nomqashi, unokuhleleka kobukhulu obuningi emalungelweni aphezulu ezindlu, kodwa futhi umbuthano wemisebenzi yakhe ubanzi kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bacebisa izakhamizi ukuba bazisebenzele indlu mahhala uma bengakakabi.
Encwadini yesibili (i-athikili ethi "bukhoma ku-New-2") iyaqhubeka nokukhuluma ngelungelo lobunikazi namanye amalungelo okuhlala kwangempela, okuthi str str. Ngokusho kwe-athikili (Art.) Ikhodi, uma kwenzeka isehlukaniso sabalingani, ilungelo lokusebenzisa izakhiwo zokuhlala zomnikazi wangaphambilini noma unkosikazi womnikazi akasindiswanga. Kepha ukuzoxosha futhi "Bhala", okungukuthi, ukususa kwirekhodi lokubhalisa lomlingani wakho wangaphambilini noma owakwakho, umnikazi wefulethi / ikhaya alinalungelo. Lokhu kudinga isinqumo senkantolo esifanele.
"Izakhiwo zokuhlala zingathathwa ngumnikazi ngokuhlengwa ngenxa yokuhoxiswa kwesakhiwo somhlaba esifanele sombuso noma somasipala," kusho i-Article.32. "Isihlengo sengxenye yezakhiwo sezindawo zokuhlala asivunyelwe ngenye indlela njengemvume womnikazi. " Lokho wukuthi, manje iziphathimandla zombuso noma zendawo zizohlanganiswa nabanikazi bezindlu zangasese kanye nabanikazi bezindlu ezizimele zentengo, futhi hhayi nje ukuhlinzeka ngefulethi elilodwa. I-LCD entsha ikuqinisekisile ukuthi abanikazi bezakhiwo esakhiweni efulethini bangelwa ubunikazi bendawo yonke kuleli ndlu, okungezona izingxenye zezindlu futhi ezihlose ukuhlinzeka ngezingxenye ezingaphezu kweyodwa: izitebhisi, ama-liftetors, amapharali, Attic, Cellars It.d. Ingxenye yomnikazi waleso sakhiwo ngakwesokunene sendawo evamile yempahla ejwayelekile ekwakhiweni efulethini ilingana nendawo ephelele yendawo yakhe. Ukuncoma nabanini bakubo abezabelo zezakhiwo kuphethe umthwalo wezindleko zokulungiswa kwempahla evamile futhi uvote emhlanganweni ojwayelekile wabanikazi, okuyisitho sendlu yokuphatha.
Ngubani manje onikeza izindlu?
I-LCD impela kulo mbuzo: Izakhamizi ezimpofu (Isigaba 49). Esebenzayo, "ngenye indlela echazwa ngumthetho we-Federal noma umthetho wendaba yezigaba ze-Federation zezakhamizi", uma zibonwa ngokusemthethweni njengoba kudingeka ezindlini. Kuhlinzekwa ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo, futhi ngeke sikwazi ukuhlela ngokushesha okukhulu.Akusekho ntshisana nabantu abathathwa njengengabantu abahola kancane. I-LCD isungula inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe: "Abampofu ... bayizakhamizi uma bamukelwa njengohulumeni basekhaya ngendlela ebekwe ngumthetho weRussia Federation, unaka imali engena emndenini ngamunye Ilungu, kanye nenani lamalungu empahla kanye namalungu omndeni kanye nentela ". Thanda lokhu. Uma wena, kanye nonkosikazi wakho / umyeni wakho, thola kuphela ama-ruble ambalwa e-rubles, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye anemoto nendlu edolobhaneni, ngokuqinisekile awubonwa ngomugqa wezindlu. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi esifundeni ngasinye kuzoba nohlelo lwayo oluthola imali ngokuhambisana nezinga lemiholo elakhiwe lapha.
"Ezinye" izakhamizi, kanye nabampofu, ukuba nelungelo lokukhulula izindlu zenhlalo kubandakanya abantu abakhubazekile, abahlanganyeli bempi enkulu, impi yezikhathi zezakhamizi (futhi, ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene zohlu lwaseRussia Federal lungahluka ). Indlela evusekayo yokuhlinzekwa kwezindlu, echazwe ngokuningiliziwe ku-LCD, entsha futhi enolwazi lwabahlali bezwe lethu, kufaka phakathi inikezwe kahle. Manje akukho lutho olukhululekile ngeke lusaba khona, futhi kuyadingeka, ekugcineni, ukuqonda. Izakhamizi eziningi kufanele zithole imali ephaketheni lakhe futhi zithenge izindlu (futhi uMbuso uzobasiza ngemithetho, izimiso futhi kwezinye izimo abanoxhaso lwangempela). I-Amen Little, ngokweqiniso, ngokweqiniso izothola amafulethi, kepha kulokhu kuyadingeka ukubhalisa nokuvikela yonke iminyaka eminingi.
Izindinganiso Zabafundi
Kwi-LCD entsha (i-Article 50), isilinganiso sokuvumela nokubalwa kwezimali kwendawo yendawo yokuhlala kuvela. Owokuqala kubo usayizi omncane wendawo yonke yezindawo zokuhlala enikezwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa komphakathi (eMoscow-18mm2 umuntu ngamunye). Lesi sibalo sisungulwa ngokubusa kwasekhaya futhi kuncike ezingeni lezindlu esifundeni nakwezinye izinto. Isilinganiso sesibili, sokubalwa kwezimali "usayizi omncane wendawo yendawo yokuhlala, ngokususelwa lapho izinga lokuvikeleka kwezakhamizi linqunywe yindawo yonke ... ukuze linake njengezidingo zokuhlala." Ngamanye amagama, ngokuya kwakhe afakwa emgqeni wezindlu. Ubukhulu balokhu okujwayelekile, abalokothi bangeqi usayizi wenani lokuhlinzekwa, libuye lisungulwe yiziphathimandla zikahulumeni wasekhaya (eMoscow - 10m2 umuntu ngamunye ngamafulethi ngamanye amakamelo kanye namafulethi ohlobo lwehhotela).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwinguqulo yokuqala ye-LC, esedlule ukufundwa kokuqala e-State Duma, usayizi oqondile we- "Federal" evamile kukhonjisiwe, okungenani i-15m2 yomuntu ngamunye. I-Avi Uhlobo lokugcina lwenombolo ye-codex yesizathu esithile sanyamalala. I-ItyPer yonke ixazulula abaphathi bendawo ngokubona kwabo ...
Ngubani odinga izindlu?
Lo mbuzo kuxoxwa ngobuciko. I-LCD. Ngokudinga izindlu (ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zokuhlala ezenhlalo), lezo zezakhamizi kanye namalungu emindeni yabo ziyaqashelwa, abangenazo izindlu (ngokwesibonelo, abantu abasanda kuthola ubuzwe beRussia Federation) Amazinga ka-Accounting amazinga ngamuntu ngamunye ahlala efulethini efulethini, egumbini noma endlini ehlala engxenyeni yomphakathi, uma elinye lamalungu omndeni ligula kakhulu ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlala umnyango olandelayo. (Uhlu lwezifo luqukethwe esimemelweni soHulumeni Wemifela YaseRussia Nombolo 817 kaDisemba 21, 2004)Art. I-52-56 ichaza ngokuningiliziwe inqubo yokwamukela izakhamizi ukuthi zilandise njengezindawo zokuthola izindlu, izizathu zokwenqaba ukubhaliswa kanye namacala okususwa kwemali. Phakathi kwazo kuthakazelisa kakhulu ku-ART. 53, lapho kushiwo khona okulandelayo. Uma umuntu ongazange abe nelungelo lokuthola ukubheka izindlu, (!) Enza ezinye izenzo (ngokwesibonelo, washintsha indlu enkulu kwabancane, wahlukanisa umkakhe / umyeni wakhe, wafaka izihlobo zakhe kuyo .P.) Futhi ngenxa yalokho, wazuza umgomo wakhe, kusukela kumarekhodi asuswa futhi angaphinde afakwe kulayini hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emihlanu (!) Iminyaka kusukela ngosuku lweKhomishini yalezi zenzo.
Indawo yokuhlala Ihlinzekela Kanjani?
Indawo yokuhlala ihlinzekwa kwizakhamizi eziqukethe ukubhaliswa, "ngokubaluleka kokubaluleka kwesisekelo sokunakwa" (Art. 57). Ama-avna ahlola ama-tevoli abhujiswa futhi awonakaliswa futhi awekho ngaphansi kokulungisa noma ukwakhiwa kabusha, izintandane kanye nezingane ezishiywe ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwabazali, futhi njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili izakhamizi ezigula kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngokuhlinzekwa kwamakamelo.
Isinqumo sokuhlinzeka ngezakhiwo zokuhlala ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa komphakathi esamukelwe ngumzimba wohulumeni basekhaya yisisekelo sokuphela kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa komphakathi. (Phambilini, isizathu esinjalo sasiyi -ranti, manje lo mqondo wanyamalala nhlobo.) Izakhiwo kufanele zinikezwe izakhamizi endaweni yazo yokuhlala, ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala, indawo ephelele yesilinganiso sokuhlinzekwa.
Phakathi kwezihloko ezichaza inqubo yokuhlinzekwa kwezindlu kubaluleke kakhulu ku-Article 59- kumagumbi akhululiwe asemakamelweni omphakathi. Kuchaza i-oda lokungezwa kwezidingo zegumbi elikhululiwe (amakamelo) yizakhamizi zomphakathi. Le ndawo ihlinzekwa ikakhulu kulabo asebevele baqashelwa noma bangaqashelwa abampofu futhi badinga izindlu. Uma kungekho bantu abanjalo kulokhu, igumbi elikhululiwe lingathengiswa kubaqashi balelifulethi, elinikezwe indawo ephelele yelungu lomndeni elingaphansi kwezinga lokuhlinzekwa. Noma uma kwenzeka, uma kwenzeka egumbini elikhishwe, azikho izakhamizi ezifakwe kuhlu ezishiwoyo, kuhlinzekwa ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo kwabanye abantu abangazange bahlale kuyo. Ngamanye amagama, le ndatshana (kanye nezinye izinhlinzeko ze-LCD) yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthenga amakamelo ezindlini zomphakathi hhayi abantu abampofu kakhulu futhi kusiza ukunciphisa inani lomphakathi ezweni lethu.
Ezinhlelweni nasezinhlekeleleni zokuqasha izindlu zokuhlala
Isiphetho salesi sivumelwano asikhiqizi amalungelo obunikazi, kanye nezakhamizi - abaqashi, ngokungafani nabanikazi bezindlu, bangakhokhi intela empahleni futhi bayiphatha izindleko zokulungiswa nokulungiswa kwendawo yokuhlala efulethini, lapho kukhona indawo yokuhlala izakhiwo. Kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaqashi abakwazi ukulahla izindlu ezihlalwe: abakwazi ukuthengisa, bafone, banikeze noma banikeze noma banikeze. Akufanele sikukhohlwe ukuthi uma kwenzeka kufa umqashi onesizungu wefulethi lakhe noma igumbi lidlula umbuso.
Enye yezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu esivumelwaneni sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo yinto engenakwenzeka yokuboshwa kulezi zakhiwo zokuhlala nokubuyiselwa kwalo enkantolo ngezivumelwano zemalimboleko, izivumelwano zemalimboleko nezinye izibopho.
Ngakho-ke, emazweni abhalwe ngenhla, umbuso (kumuntu ohulumeni basekhaya) abazibambisa kubaqashi ukuthi bathwale umthwalo wokusebenzisa izindleko ngokuya ngezivumelwano zokuphetha kwezenhlalo kanye noMthethosisekelo weRussia Federation kanye Ikhodi yezindlu yeRussia Federation. "
Umqashi-umqashi
Ngokusho kwemininingwane esemthethweni, manje isibalo sabanikazi bezindlu ekuxhumaniseni kweMoscow ngenombolo yamafulethi amakamelo okulingana cishe kwe-70:30. Kungahle kube nesithombe esihlukile sezindawo zokuhlwa, kepha kunoma yikuphi, akuzona zonke izakhamizi ezifuna futhi kufanele zibe ngabanini bezindlu. Isahluko 8 LCD sibizelwe "Ukuqashwa Kwezenhlalo Kwezakhiwo Zasendaweni Yokuhlala" (Isigaba 60-91) sichaza ngokuningiliziwe wonke ama-nuances wobudlelwano bezindlu ezingaphumelelanga (abaqashi) kanye noMbuso / idolobha / okwila).Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwesivumelwano esiphethayo sokuqashwa komphakathi, uhlangothi olulodwa lwezakhiwo zokuhlala zesikhwama sikahulumeni noma sezindlu noma umuntu ogunyazwe nguye (isifihli) "ebhekene nelinye iqembu (umqashi) we izakhiwo zokuhlala nokusetshenziswa ukuze uphile kuyo. " Le nkontileka ingunaphakade (i-Article 60), ngokungafani nenkontileka yokuqashwa kwezentengiselwano, okuhlala njalo isikhashana. Isihloko esifanayo simemezela esinye isimiso esibaluleke kakhulu esiqinisekisa ilungelo lezakhamizi ezindlini: Akunandaba ukuthi izizathu nezimo ezinikeza umuntu ilungelo lokuthola izindlu ngaphansi kwenkontileka yokuqashwa kwezenhlalo ngeke zinqanyulwe. (Isivumelwano esijwayelekile sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo savunywa nguhulumeni weRussia Federation No. 1.5 ka-21.05.2005)
Ngubani onobuntu obunje, kusukela ekuthakazelweni kwabo kakhulu empilweni yomqashi? Lesi ngesinye seziphathimandla eziphezulu, amadolobha noma kumasipala (enhloko-dolobha yoMnyango Wezezindlu Nezindlu zaseMoscow yedolobha laseMoscow). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaphambi kwezinkontileka zokuqasha izakhiwo ezazihlala kwizakhamizi, ama-desis amabi aphethayo, kusukela kwizinsizakalo zazo, izakhamizi zingakwenqaba.
Amalungelo nezibopho
Isiginali siphoqelekile (!) Ukunikeza umqashi izakhiwo zokuhlala, okungeyona omunye umuntu onelungelo lokufaka isicelo; Bamba iqhaza ekugcinweni nasekulungisweni kwendawo evamile esakhiweni sefulethi, lapho kutholakala khona leli gumbi; feza ukweqisa kwezindlu; Nikeza ngezinsizakusebenza futhi ufeze eminye imisebenzi ngokuya ngomthetho wezindlu kanye nenkontileka yokuqashwa komphakathi. Ngokubuya, abaphathi bendawo banelungelo (!) Ukufuna kumuntu ukwenza imali efike ngesikhathi yezindlu kanye nezinsizakalo (Isigaba 65).
Uma umbuso ungafezi imisebenzi yawo (ngokwesibonelo, akuqhubeki ngokweqile noma, ake akwenze, awuguquki amapayipi agqwala efulethini), unelungelo lokufuna ukuncishiswa kwemali, ukubuyiselwa kwezindleko zokuqedwa kwezindleko zokuqedwa kwe Lokhu ukushiyeka noma isinxephezelo ngomonakalo osuke ngenxa yokungagcwaliseki noma ukusebenza okungafanele ngokufihla kwemisebenzi yawo (i-Article 66). Thanda lokhu. Masithembe lokho ngenxa yalesi sihloko, izinsizakalo zethu ezikhazimulayo zomphakathi nezinhlangano ezisebenzayo zizokucabanga kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi ukulungisa isikhathi sokulungisa umnyango, i-attic ezakhiweni nasemapayipi ezindlini zabaqashi.
Le nkampani ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo ingenye yezinhlangano eziphezulu eziphezulu (enhlokodolobha yenqubomgomo yezindlu kanye nesikhwama sezindlu somuzi waseMoscow). Kulapha okudingeka usebenzise umqashi ukuthola imvume yokulethwa kwezindlu nge-duter noma kugxilise efulethini likagogo wakho noma umshana.
Amalungelo umqashi
Ngokuya nge-LCD (i-Article 67), umqashi unelungelo lokuthola izindawo zokuhlala zabanye abantu ", ukuzoyidlulisela kwabanye abagqokile, ukuvumela ukusatshalaliswa kwabaqashi besikhashana, ukushintshana ngezindlu," ukufuna indawo Ukuqedwa kwendawo yokuhlala ngesikhathi, ukubamba iqhaza okufanele kokuqukethwe kwempahla evamile esakhiweni sasefulethini, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza. "Embossing. "Ukubhalisa" Izingane zakho, abazali kanye nabalingani bakho, wena njengoba umqashi kufanele avumelane ngokubhala kwamanye amalungu omndeni wakho, kufaka phakathi ingekho okwesikhashana (i-Article 70). U-Achetoba uhlala ebhalisa ezinye izakhamizi (ezingezona umyeni wakho / unkosikazi, indodana / indodakazi, ubaba / umama) "njengoba nihlala ndawonye" kanye nawe amalungu omndeni. U-Aon, naye unelungelo lokuvimbela ukusungulwa kwezihlobo ezisondele kakhulu, uma ngenxa yalokho njengoba indawo ephelele yendawo yokuhlala izoba ngaphansi kwendlela yokubala. Ngobubi kubazali, izingane zabo ezincane, imvume ye-nich ayidingeki ngokwemvelo. Ukuxazulula efulethini / endlini, amalungu omndeni walowo mqashi athola amalungelo nezibopho ezilinganayo naye (Art.69). Ngakolunye uhlangothi yenza izinguquko esivumelwaneni sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo: Ilungu lomndeni elisha kufanele likhokhe izindlu nezinsiza.
Ukulethwa kokuzivocavoca. Uthanda umqashi ngemvume yemvume ye-hip (!) Futhi ukuhlala ndawonye nawe amalungu omndeni wakho unelungelo lokudlulisela engxenyeni yendawo yokuhlala oyenzayo, futhi uma kwenzeka kuhamba okwesikhashana, zonke izindlu. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka, inqobo nje uma indawo ephelele yomuntu ngamunye efulethini ehlukile ngeke ibe ngaphansi kokuphendula, nasezingeni eliphansi lokuhlinzekelwa (i-Article 76). Usayizi wemali ekhokhwayo, owesinqamuzo wokwethulwa kwawo kanye nezinye izimo kuzodingeka futhi uzifake futhi uqiniseke ukukhombisa kwinkontileka.
Abaqashi besikhashana bangasingathwa efulethini labo ngaphandle kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kulandelana (i-Article 80). Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele futhi ungene ngemvume ngamalungu omndeni wakho, njengoba usazise ngaphambili abaphathi bendawo. Banelungelo lokuvimbela indawo yokuhlala, uma, futhi, ngeke kube nemikhuba yendawo ephelele yomuntu ngamunye.
Ukushintshana. Uma ungumqashi, lapho-ke ngemvume yomtholi (!) Futhi amalungu omndeni ahlala ndawonye nawe angashintshana ngezikhathi ezithile, okukhona, awukwazi ukushintsha manje ). Amalungu omndeni wakho anelungelo lokufuna kusuka kuwe ukushintshanisa leli gumbi kwabanye, elisemakhaya ahlukene noma amakamelo nakwabanye abaqashi (i-Article 72). Uma wena namalungu omndeni ohlala nawe awukwazanga ukuvuma ngokuthula ekushintshanisweni, noma ngubani kini unelungelo lokudinga ukuqaliswa kokushintshana ngenkani enkantolo. Ukushintshaniswa kwezindlu kunikezwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo, lapho izingane zihlala khona, ezingenakuqhathaniswa noma zinekhono elinekhono, "zivunyelwe ngemvume yokuqala yemizimba yokugada nemizimba yokugada." (Siphawula ukuthi manje sekuvunyelwe ukwenza noma yikuphi ukubamba iqhaza kwalezi zidumbu.) Izakhiwo ezibamba iqhaza ngokushintshana zingatholakala zombili nasezindaweni ezihlukene ze-Russian Federation. Ukushintshaniswa kwezindlu okunikezwe ngaphansi kwezinkontileka zokuqashwa kwezenhlalo akuvunyelwe uma, ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo lokusebenzisa le ndawo liphonswe inselelo enkantolo noma linqume ukudiliza indlu (uhlu oluphelele lwamacala okuvinjelwa lunikezwe ku-Article 73).
Ukushintshwa. Umqashi wezakhiwo zokuhlala, indawo ephelele yazo edlula izinga lokunikezwayo, ngemvume yamalungu omndeni angaxhumana negquma lezindlu ukuze linikeze izindlu ezincane (Article 81). Kuyamangaza kubonakala ngathi isihloko. Kepha amandla okufudukela esikhaleni esincane sokuphila uyadingeka, athi, labo abangakwazi ukukhokha amamitha-skwele angezekile (kuvame ukuba nezimo lapho impesheni enesizungu engasebenzi ihlala efulethini elikhulu). Njengoba sesithole isitatimende, i-hodger iphoqelekile izinyanga ezintathu ukuhlinzeka enye indlu kumqashi ekuxhumaneni naye.
Umqashi angaba namanye amalungelo, ngaphezu kwalabo achazwe ngenhla, enikezwe yi-LCD neminye imithetho yenhlangano kanye nesivumelwano sezenhlalo.
Izibopho zomqashi
Amalungelo omqashi anikelwe ezintweni eziningana zeKhodi, imisebenzi imane ibhalwe ku-Expectic 67. Ngakho-ke, umqashi kufanele:
1) Sebenzisa izindlu ngenjongo yalo okuhlosiwe futhi ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo esungulwe yi-LCD;
2) Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezindlu;
3) Gcina isimo esifanele sezindawo zokuhlala;
4) feza ukulungiswa kwamanje kwale ndawo;
5) ukwenza imali yokuthola izindlu nezinsizakalo;
6) "Yazisa omengameli kwimigomo esungulwe yinkontileka yoshintsho ezinhlakeni nasemibanweni enikeza ilungelo lokusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala ngaphansi kwesivumelwano senhlalo."
Iphinde ibe neminye imisebenzi ehlinzekelwe yi-LCD, eminye imithetho yenhlangano kanye nenkontileka efanele.
"Ukuxoshwa ... Kusuka Ezakhiweni Zokuhlala Kuhlinzekwe Ngaphansi Kwezinkontileka Zokuqashwa Kwezenhlalo, Ngaphansi Kwesivumelwano:
1) Ngokuhlinzekwa kwezinye izakhiwo zokuhlala kahle ezigcinwe kahle ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zokuqashwa kwezenhlalo;
2) Ngokuhlinzekwa kwezinye izakhiwo zokuhlala ...;
3) Ngaphandle kokunikeza ezinye izakhiwo zokuhlala. "
(Kusuka kubuciko. 84 LCD)
Ukunqanyulwa, ukunqanyulwa kanye nokuxoshwa
"Isivumelwano sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo sinqanyulwa maqondana nokulahleka (ukubhujiswa) kwendawo yokuhlala, ngokushona kwe-ejenti ephilayo enesizungu" (Isigaba 83). Ifulethi lishiya umbuso, futhi liyaqhubeka nokulahla.
Isivumelwano sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo singanqanyulwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesivumelwano samaqembu noma ngesicelo somqashi (ngemvume ebhaliwe yamalungu omndeni wakhe). Uma umqashi nomndeni wakhe benquma ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala, inkontileka ibhekwa njengenqanyuliwe kusukela ngosuku lokuhamba kwalo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, omengameli uqeda inkontileka ongafanele (!). Kungadinga ukunqanyulwa kwaso kuphela ngemuva:
"Eduze nomqashi wezimali zezakhiwo zokuhlala kanye (noma) nezinto ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha";
"Ukubhujiswa noma ukulimala ezakhiweni zokuhlala ngumqashi noma ezinye izakhamizi, ezenzweni eziphendula ngazo" (okusho ukuthi amagatshana noma abaqashi besikhashana);
"Ukwephulwa okuhlelekile kwamalungelo namalungelo omakhelwane, okwenza kube nzima ukwamukela egumbini elilodwa" (lapha sikhuluma ngamafulethi omphakathi);
"Ukusetshenziswa kwale ndawo akuhlosiwe" (ake sithi, ngaphansi kwehhovisi).
Siyaphinda, wonke amacala okuxoshwa abhekwa enkantolo. Akekho ozophoqa umuntu ukuba ahambe ngaphandle kwesinqumo esifanele.
Inkantolo inganquma ukukhipha izakhamizi ngokuhlinzekwa kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala kahle, ngokuhlinzekwa kwezinye izakhiwo zokuhlala (akukashiwonga noma kuphi lapho kufakwe khona izindawo zokuhlala (i-Article 84). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxoshwa akusona njalo ukujeziswa, ngoba izimbangela zezinguquko endaweni yokuhlala zingahluka. Izakhamizi zixoshwa ngokuhlinzekwa kwezindlu eziboshwe yindawo (i-Article 85), uma indlu lapho igumbi likhona ukudilizwa, izakhiwo zokuhlala zihunyushelwa endaweni engeyona eyokuhlala noma azifanele. Omunye umncintiswano endlini wokweqisa noma wokwakhiwa kabusha, ngenxa yokuthi "izakhiwo zokuhlala angeke zisindiswe noma indawo yazo ephelele zizokwehla" kanzima kangangokuba zizokwamukelwa njengoba kudingeka ezindlini, noma, ngokuhlukile, kuzokhula , okuholele endaweni yonke igumbi elihlala kulo ilungu lomndeni ngalinye lizodlula kakhulu isilinganiso sokuhlinzekwa. "
Ngokudilizwa kwendlu, ukuhunyushwa kwegumbi kwabangewona ukuhlala futhi kuqashelwe akuphazamiseki ukuhlala ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi. Elinye igumbi linikezwe umqashi, kusukela manje yena nomndeni wakhe bahlala njalo lapho. Lapho isakhiwo sokuhlala "sivuka" ukuguqula noma ukwakhiwa kabusha, izinketho (Isigaba 88) kungenzeka. Uma umsebenzi awukwazi ukwenziwa ngaphandle kokuxoxa umqashi, iLodgerator imnikeza futhi amalungu omndeni wakhe ngaphansi kwenkontileka yokuqasha izindawo zokuhlala zesikhwama esikhohlisayo, lapho zizokwazi ukubuyela ekhaya (lapho zizokwazi ukubuyela ekhaya (lapho zizokwazi ukubuyela ekhaya (lapho zizokwazi ukubuyela khona ekhaya (Inkontileka yokuqashwa komphakathi kuleli cala ayinqanyulwanga). Abamangali bomqashi uMongameli unelungelo lokumhlinzeka kwelinye igumbi lokuhlala unomphela ngokuqedwa kwenkontileka yangaphambilini. Umqashi namalungu omndeni wakhe bazokwazi ukubuyela endaweni yokuhlala eyedlule yokuhlala, uma indawo yegumbi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kabusha ngokweqile kwehle, kepha ayizange ibe yizindinganiso ezingezinhle ze-accounting umuntu ngamunye. Ini kwenye icala!
"Okunye" (okungukuthi, hhayi okulondoloziwe kahle) izindlu zinikezwa nabaqashi enkantolo nakumalungu emindeni yabo, "isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kwezizathu ezinhle," I-Article 90). Umbhalo wale ndatshana uyasabisa ngempela. Okufanayo kwikhodi akusho ukuthi ungabala kanjani ama-enemets - kulandelana noma ngokusebenzisa eyodwa. Ukuphela kwethemba ukuzama ukufakazela enkantolo ukuthi izizathu zokungakhokhelwa zazihlonipha, noma "zibeke ingcindezi izihawu" ukuze zikhawulelwe ekukhokheni kahle nokugcwele kwezikweletu.
Emgwaqweni (ngaphandle kokuhlinzekwa kwezindlu), kuphela abantu abaqashi abaxoshwa: ukwephula amalungelo ahlelekile kanye nezifiso ezisemthethweni zomakhelwane kanye nokubhubhisa izindlu, abahlala ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa kwezenhlalo (i-Article 91). Uhlobo lubhekwe ngabazali lungathumela i-vagabond, "uma indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlaka zezakhamizi nezingane maqondana namalungelo abazali, ezaziwa yinkantolo akunakwenzeka."
Ngaphezu kokufunda zonke izindatshana ze-LCD mayelana nokuqashwa kwezenhlalo, ungafika esiphethweni esisodwa kuphela: ukuba ngumqashi kubi (lokhu kuncike kakhulu kwiziphathimandla zendawo zingaba). Kungcono ukwenza izindlu ngasese, usengakwazi. Kepha ukuba ngumnikazi - injabulo ayishibhile, ngoba okwamanje akukho ukucaca, okuzodinga ukukhokhela izinsiza, izindlu kanye nomhlaba ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sefulethi, lapho i-free yangasese yangasese isiphelile.
Umagazini olandelayo walo magazini, sizoqhubeka nokuphawula ngezinhlinzeko ze-LCD entsha. Kuzoba maqondana nezindlu kanye nama-cooperative ezindlu kanye nokwakha, abanini bamakhaya kanye nabaphathi bokuphatha kanye nokuphathwa kwezakhiwo zamafulethi.
Abahleli babonga ummeli uLyubov Danilov kanye nommeli uDaria Konnenko ngosizo lokulungiselela lokho okuqukethwe.