I-Brick Cottage

Ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwekotishi elinendawo ephelele engama-384 m2 yezitini kungenye yezinto ezingabizi kakhulu nezingabizi kakhulu zokwakha.

Labo abanqume ukwakha indlu yezitini esizeni ngeke babize kakhulu ukujwayelana nenqubo yokwakha indlu enezitezi ezimbili ngaphandle komhlobiso ongaphakathi kwi- "cedar" Village

Ngemuva kokumba, umgibeli ukuzophatha izindonga zodonga kanye nomkhono wesihlabathi ngomcamelo wesihlabathi kuyo yonke indawo engezansi

Ukuthela i-subcrete yokhonkolo ngaphambi kokubeka ifreyimu yokuqinisa

Izindonga zangaphansi zakhiwe ngamabhulokhi ama-FBS emigqeni emithathu

Kusuka kumthelela womswakama, isisekelo savikelwa ungqimba lwamanzi "i-technonikol"

Ukuvimbela amanzi kuhlanganisa ingaphandle lesisekelo kanye nephansi lomhlabathi, kwakha isikhwama sebufakazelwa amanzi "

Ngokukhuliswa okwengeziwe kokufakwa kwe-foam, ungasebenzisa amapuleti e-asbestos

Ibhande likakhonkolo eliqinisiwe le-monolithic eqinisiwe lalifakiwe ekubekeni izitini zesisekelo esiseduze ne-perimeter yesakhiwo

Ama-masonry ezindongeni aqala njalo ukusuka ngaphandle, emakhoneni esakhiwo. Ubukhulu obudongeni - isitini sengxenye

Ngamandla emugqa we-Brick Masonry eholwa ngokugqoka okuthe mpo, ama-longitudinalinal futhi aguquguqukayo bese uqiniswa ngegridi yensimbi. Izindonga zangaphakathi zangaphakathi nazo zabekwa ezitini ezigcwele. Ukuhlangana kwezindonga zangaphakathi nabangaphandle kwenziwa, kushintshana ngemigqa engafani nokubekwa kwezindonga zombili nge-rotary. Umthungo wenza ubukhulu obungaba ngu-12mm, ububanzi bokubekwa yizitini ezimbili

Amanye ama-jumpers ngewindi neminyango yenziwa kusuka kuphrofayili yensimbi

Ezindongeni zangaphakathi kwakukhona iziteshi ze-chimneys kanye nomoya omncane

Ukunikeza ukubhekwa kwewindows kwesimo esiphukile njenge-jumper esetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwe-welded kusuka ku-rolled

Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwebhokisi lezitini ekhaya, ungaqala ukulungiswa kophahla

Ngemuva kokufaka ukwakheka kwe-rafter yophahla, kungenzeka ukufaka ukufaka izinto ezingaphansi kwe-hydro. UStele wakhe no-Allen kuyo yonke intambo ethambekile. Ngokuhambisana ne "sophahla" kuyasebenza, imisebenzi yangaphakathi ehlukahlukene ingenziwa (ukufakwa kwamawindi)

Amapuleti we-OSB-3 abekwe engqikelweni elidwetshiwe, umthungo phakathi kwawo ashunyiswe ngokwakheka kwe-bitume

Ngemuva kokomisa udaka, ingxenye emhlabathini engenhla yesitezi yahlukaniswa ngamathayili. I-Tile Clanded Ehlukile-Player-Player ukuthuthukisa umphumela wemvelo

Izimbobo ezindongeni ngaphansi komoya omncane wemvelo

Izintambo ezivundlile zama-radiator ama-radiator ahamba ngamapuleti

IKhabhinethi Collector itholakala phansi phansi

Umthombo wokushisa wohlelo lokushisa yi-boiler ye-CTC enohlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. I-Bosch yokushisa amanzi e-boiler kanye nokushisa boiler efakwe ku-boiler

Naphezu kwezingcingo eziningi emakethe yokwakha, isitini sihlala esinye sezinto ezingabizi kakhulu nezingabizi kakhulu zokwakha. Izindonga zazo zihlala isikhathi eside, okuqinile futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zezitini buvivinywa ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke bungaphikiswa ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi ngenani lama-Abalali azoholela esikhathini eside phakathi "kwetshe".

I-Classic Cottage

Ukwakhiwa kwamakamelo ezitini sekuyisikhathi eside eba yisiko labathuthukisi abathile baseRussia. Labo abahlela ukudala indlu yezitini endaweni yabo bangathanda ukwakhiwa kwebhokisi lelebhilidi elifanayo ekhasini laseMoscar Cottage eduzane naseMoscow. Umsebenzi wenziwa ama-taungeats (eRussia) ngaphansi kwephrojekthi ejwayelekile ("oyithandayo").

Siqala ngesisekelo

Uhlobo lwesisekelo sale nkati yakhethwe kucatshangelwa imibandela yenhlabathi, kanye nephrojekthi ehlinzeka ngendlu engaphansi. Izintandokazi zanikezwa isisekelo sokuqoqa ithephu kusuka kumabhulokhi kakhonkolo ajwayelekile epuletinic. Idizayini yayo evamile kanjena: isizinda (isitofu se-monolithic), imigqa emithathu yamabhulokhi, izitini ngobubanzi bezitini ezimbili kanye nebhande le-monolithic, eligcwele amapuleti agcwele phansi.

Ngaphambi kokunquma, kwasuswa ungqimba lomhlaba wemifino kuyo yonke indawo yokwakha. Ngokujula kwe-1,7 m (ngezansi kwezinga lokuqandeka cishe ngo-0,3 m), kwakhishwa umgibeli. Ukugijima nokuqondanisa kwaphansi nezindonga zenziwa ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndawo yonke indawo, kwambozwa phansi komgodi futhi isihlabathi sasiphonswa ukudala ungqimba lomcamelo wesihlabathi obukhulu nobukhulu obungama-20 cm. Emva kwalokho, ukulungiswa okuthiwa kokhonkolo kwenziwa: Umcamelo wesihlabathi wawuthululelwa ngongqimba we-carede, ungqimba lwe-farimete olungahlosiwe. Ngemuva kosuku, ngemuva kokwenqatshwa kwalo, ngemuva kokuphela kwalo, ezimbili Izendlalelo eziningi ze- "Locarr" egobile evela ku-Technonikol (Russia) zenqatshwa. Konke lokhu ukukhulisa isisekelo kumanzi aphansi komhlaba. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ngenxa yokonga kusukela ekuqaleni kwakukhona umehluko omncane wokuphakama (cishe ngo-10 cm): lapho izindonga ezithathwayo zithathwa khona, esifundeni sasigcwele izintambo kanye nezakhiwo.

Ukunciphisa uhlaka ngaphansi kwezindonga zomthwali kuzoqinisa isisekelo

Ngamapuleti okusekela ekhonkolo aqinisiwe azungeze umngcele wesisekelo, kwahlelwa umsebenzi wobisi

Ngemuva kokuthulula ukhonkolo, i-slab kufanele ibambelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa

Eduze kwawo wonke umngcele walesi sisekelo samanzi, kwaphakanyiswa amafomu e-monolithic eqinisiwe. Sebeqedile ukwenza amafomu, basika ama-cubes kusuka kusixazululo sangaphambi kokulungiswa kwama-rub 100. ama-cubes adingekayo ukudala igebe elidingekayo (5cm) phakathi kohlaka lokuqiniswa kanye phansi. Ukubanjwa kwafakwa uhlaka olukhonjisiwe kusuka ekuqinisweni ngesigaba se-12mm, esabe sesithululelwa ebangeni likakhonkolo engu-200 (B15). Ukugwema ukwakheka kwama-voids, kusetshenziswe i-vibrator ejulile lapho ithela. Ngemuva kokuqina kokhonkolo, isisekelo yi-monolithic eqinisiwe kakhonkolo slab ehlukahlukene ngokuhlukahluka okungu-30- 40cm. Iyakwazi ukumelana ngokuthembekile ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka epuletini lamabhulokhi weSisekelo (4058CM) FBS. Banamathele kwisixazululo sesihlabathi sikasimende emigqeni emithathu, enye ngaphezulu komunye, ngokugqoka, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha ingxenye yesitezi esingaphansi. Ngokuhlinzekwa kwezokuxhumana kwezobunjiniyela phakathi kwamabhulokhi we-tier engezansi ezindaweni ezifanele, kwenziwa izimbobo. Ngemuva kokufaka amabhlogo kusuka ngaphandle, kanye nasekupheleni kwendiza ephezulu kwambozwa ngamanzi angenamanzi. Lapho-ke ingaphandle kwendlu engaphansi kwafakwa inhlekelele ka-50mm obukhulu, okwakuqoshwa ku-bitumen.

Ngemuva kokuqinisa amanzi emabhulokini azungeze umngcele wendlu, ubeka i-brickwork (ububanzi - izitini ezimbili, ngokuqiniswa ngemuva kwemigqa emine) ngensimbi engaphansi kwesitezi esingaphansi komhlaba esingaphansi komhlaba. Izitini Masonry Height - Imigqa eyi-12. Emabhuloki ekwakha izindonga zangaphakathi, beka ama-masonry abe yimigqa emine engenhla, unaka ibhande le-monolithic elinokuphakama kwama-30cm, okuzokwakhiwa ngasendaweni yendlu.

I-Brick Belt ne-Founday Blocks ihlukanisa ungqimba lokufaka amanzi angangeni manzi

Ngamafasitela angaphansi, asetshenziswa ama-jumpers akhonkolo

Ebusweni bangaphandle, ipuleti lokufakelwa ligxishwe ngomunyu we-molten

Iphrojekthi le ihlinzeka ngegaraji. Kuyo, endaweni ephakeme ka-20cm kusuka kumamaki e-zero, ipuleti ekhonkolo eqinisiwe yadalwa ngobukhulu obungama-20 cm, lapho kwakhiwa khona i-rack yesikhashana ngaphansi kwesisekelo.

Empheni we-masonry, amafomu afakwe ngaphansi kwengxenye ye-monolithic Belt ye-3830cm ngohlaka lwe-10mm rebar. Ibhande ibhande ukhonkolo mkhiqizo kakhonkolo.

Ngokugqwala, kusetshenziswe amapuleti ukhonkolo aqinisiwe aqinisiwe, alungiselelwe kwikhambi elifanayo nakuma-masonry. Amapuleti afakwe nge-crane. Imisipha phakathi kwamaphaneli yayigcwele udaka kasimende. Ukweqa ama-risers okushisa, amapayipi amanzi nokukhucululwa kwendle, okuhlatshwe umgodi wezimbobo eziyi-150mm. Ngokuhlinzekwa kusuka kunethiwekhi enkulu yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokukhucululwa kwendle, simba umsele ngokujula kwe-1.5m.

Ezakhiweni zezitini

Isimilo esikhulu samandla ezitini. Inkomba yayo ingumthwalo omkhulu ovunyelwe (i-VKG) ezindaweni ezi-1cm2, ezivezwe ngezinhlamvu, okukhombisa inani layo lokuhlukanisa. Ngokwakhiwa kwezindlu kuze kube sezitezi ezintathu, isitini se-M100, sihlanganisa umthwalo we-100kg / cm2, sifaneleka kangcono.

Enye into enkulu yobuchwepheshe bokumelana nezitini-isithwathwa (amandla okumelana nenombolo ethile yemijikelezo ebabazekayo). Inquma ukuqina kwesakhiwo futhi idonswa incwadi F. Njengomthetho, ukumelana nesithwathwa kwesitini okungenani ama-25-50, kuvame kakhulu imijikelezo engama-75. Esimweni sezulu sezulu eduzane naseMoscow, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isitini nge-f35 okungenani (imijikelezo engama-35). Ukuqokwa okuphelele kwezitini ze-ceramic kuqukethe igama labo, uhlobo, ibanga lamandla, ikhodi yejometri kanye nezitembu zokumelana nesithwathwa, kanye nezinombolo zezivakashi. I-Curambic Brick Brick Brick eyodwa ephelele ye-Curamic M100 F35 F35 ka-F35 kanjena: Brick K-100 / 1/35 Gost 530-95.

Isitini esithi "Classic" sinobukhulu obulandelayo: ubude ("izitadlo") - 250mm, ububanzi ("post") - 120mm, Height- 65mm; Isisindo - 3.5-3.8kg, Mass 1m3 Masonry - cishe 1700kg. Ubukhulu obunjalo bukuvumela ukuthi wakhe izindonga zokucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, beka izinto zokuhlobisa. Ukumelana nomlilo kwezindonga zezitini kuyabavumela ukuba basondelene ngqo nezinsimbi nezintambo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi impahla ehlala isikhathi eside futhi eqinile, inezici eziphansi zokugcina ukushisa: ku-Outh Air Temperature-30s, izindonga zangaphandle zokukhanya okuqinile ezivela ku-1.6 m (izitini eziyisithupha!) . Ukubekwa okuqinile kwezindonga zendlu yokuhlala kusuka esitini esigcwele esigcwele ngesigaxa esingaphezu kwama-50 cm (izitini ezimbili) zilinganiselwe kwezomnotho, ngokuyisisekelo zibeka izindonga ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kwezitini ezimbili, kepha ngempoqo Ukufakelwa (ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ukufakwa kwe-facade).

Ukwenza ngcono izici zokuvikela ukushisa Sebenzisa izitini eziyize. Sizoba nezendlalelo zomoya eziphazamisa indawo yokushisa engaphezu kwesakhiwo. Kodwa izinto ezinjalo zihlala isikhathi eside futhi lapho kukhiwa izindonga ezithwala, kudinga ukwanda okubalulekile (izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2), okwandisa izindleko zokwakha. Izindonga zezitini zine-inertia enkulu ye-thertia: zifudumala kancane futhi zipholile kancane. Izinga lokushisa ezindlini zezitini lithola ama-oscillations amancane ansuku zonke, alungile impela. Kepha uma ebusika indlu ayizwanga ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili, yaqala ukuyifudumeza ngezimo ezintofontofo izinsuku eziningana.

Izindleko ezilinganiselwe zesitini esisodwa zingama-ruble angama-4-6.

Ngemuva kodonga lwamatshe

Ukuze wandise izindawo zokushisa ezishisayo zodonga, kwakhethwa ukwakhiwa kwezitini ezintathu, okubandakanya i-carriersworkwork (38cm), isihlabathi sangaphandle sangaphandle (50mm) kanye neplate Foam insulation (PSB-C) ephakathi kwazo. Ungqimba lwegwebu olunobukhulu be-5cm lulingana nezindawo zokuphrinta ezishisayo zodonga lwezitini olunobukhulu bezitini ezinhlanu. Idizayini enjalo yenza lula inqubo yokwakha yendlu, ngoba umsebenzi wokufakelwa kwawo kungenziwa endaweni yesibili, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwebhokisi lezitini.

Izindonga zakhiwa ngama-masonry aqinile ngesitini sengxenye. Ubukhulu bezindawo ezivundlile zenziwa ngokwesilinganiso elilingana ne-12mm. Ama-masonry ahlala eqala ukusuka ngaphandle, emakhoneni esakhiwo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuwo wonke amagumbi, amaLughtouse adalwa ukuphakama kwemigqa yezitini, enohlobo lwesitebelelo esithambekele. (Izinhlobo zezinhlaka zodonga lwezitini ezakhiwe ezindaweni zekhefu lesikhashana.) Ngakho-ke kwaqinisekisa ukugqoka okuthembekile kwengxenye entsha yabamangali nabakwa-Earted ngaphambili. Ngamandla emugqa wama-masonry aholwa ngokugqoka okuthe mpo, ama-longitudinalinal futhi adlulayo, ngenkathi usebenzisa isitini esiphelele kuphela, kodwa futhi nengxenye yalo nama-quarter amathathu.

Kusekelwa ngaphansi kwe-jumper akufanele kube ngaphansi kokuphangiswa

Isikhala sangaphakathi sama-jumpers sagcwala izitini eziphukile.

I-Punchtops isebenzise izitofu zezinyosi eziqinisiwe zezinyosi

Izindonga eziqinisiwe nge-metha mesh kusuka ku-wire 5mm njalo ngomugqa wesine wokuphakama. Izinduku ze-mesh ujoyine ngomunye nomunye ucingo. Izindonga ezithwala izindlu zasekhaya nazo zakhiwa kusuka ezinkombeni ezigcwele. Ukuhlangana kwabo nabangaphandle kwenziwa, kudlula ngokuhlukile imigqa yezitini bodwa ngenye. Izindonga zangaphakathi zendlu zaqiniswa nje njengezangaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindongeni ezingaphakathi zesakhiwo zafakwa iziteshi ze-chimneys kanye nomoya omncane. Baphinde babekwa ezitini ezigcwele ngokugcwele ngokugqoka okufanele kwesiteshi masonry ngodonga masonry. Ubukhulu bezindonga zeziteshi nokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwabo buncane kakhulu. Ukwakha iziteshi, kusetshenziswe ikhambi elifanayo nezindonga zendlu. Ukuhlukaniswa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo kunobukhulu obungu-12 cm (i-mpumalanga) futhi kuqiniswe ngocingo 5mm ngemigqa emibili yama-masonry ukuphakama. Ukuvuleka komnyango nokuvuleka kwewindi kwaqala ukwakha izivuleko ngokwazo ukuze amasheya wezitini akhululwe maphakathi nodonga. Ama-jumpers phezu kokuvuleka kwenziwa kusuka kukhonkolo oqinisiwe kwifomu. Ukuphakama kwe-jumper eqediwe kanye nendawo yokusekelwa ohlangothini ngalunye kungu-150 mm. Ama-lintels wohlobo oluhlanganisiwe (ngaphezulu kwamafasitela athile) enziwe ngephrofayili yensimbi efakwe insimbi, eyenziwe yi-maronry.

Ukucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwendlu kunqume ukwakhiwa kophahla lwevolumu ehlukahlukene, oludinga ukuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe

Ukusekelwa kwezinyawo ze-RAFTERTER yi-bar-mar-maualalate, ukugcwala okuhlanganisiwe okunendawo engaphakathi yodonga. Umjuluko wezindonga ezizungeze umngcele wendlu, wabiyelwa yi-protrusion yomsebenzi wezitini

Amabhulokhi ewindows afakwe ezindongeni zezitini ekuvulekeni kusetshenziswa amapuleti ensimbi angenasici njalo nge-25mm ukuphakama kokuvulwa. Ama-slots phakathi kwefasitela nodonga lwashumeka nge-foam yokwakha

I-antiseptic yokhuni (i-bitumen embozwe futhi isongwe nge-rubberoid) plugs, izitini eziningi - ezintathu ohlangothini ngalunye, ibanga elilinganayo kusuka komunye nomunye lalifakiwe ukuze ziboshwe iminyango yeminyango eduze kwe-masonry.

I-Mauerlat (Bar 150150mm) - Ukuxhaswa kwama-rafter wokhuni - kutholakala esimweni sangaphakathi sangaphakathi sezindonga zesibili (imigqa emithathu engenhla) - Kubizwa nge-wire ezakhiya izimpahla (izinduku) kulo lonke elakhiweni. Ukuvikela ekubondeni, ibha ngaphambi kokufakwa isongwe ngezendlalelo ezimbili zeRubberoid. Ngemuva kwalokho, baqala ukusetha umklamo wophahla lwe-rafting. Ungqimba olungenamanzi olungenamanzi lwabekwa kwi-rafter, elungiselelwe imigoqo yokhuni, kwabekwa amapuleti alo, ngoba kukhethwe ithayela le-butuminous njengophahla. Imisipha phakathi kwamapuleti yayihlanganiswa nokwakheka okukhulu. Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu, "uphahla" lwemisebenzi yashintshwa ukuze ifake khona ukufakwa kwezinsizi kanye nezindonga ezingena ngaphakathi.

Ngaphambi kokufaka izindonga zangaphakathi kubo, ukunika amandla, ukunamathisela i-mesh yensimbi namabhishi

I-facade ifakwe ngamapuleti ama-foam, ambozwe ngodonga lwengilazi eqiniswa, ukulungiswa futhi apendwe ngezingoma ze-facade.

Ukulawula ubukhulu besendlalelo sodaka, faka ama-beacons

Amamaki afakwe ama-aluminium beacons akhethekile, nama-engeli angaphandle, amakhona akhethekile anemiphetho ye-mesh. I-Arabote yasetshenziswa yi-plaster ukuhlanganiswa kwe-scanmix (iFinland) kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokulungiswa nokufaka isicelo sokhambi, kudlalwa amandla okunikezwa kwamandla. Isixazululo sasetshenziswa kusuka ku-hose ngesendlalelo somfaniswano kulo lonke umsebenzi wokwenza. Emva kwalokho, kwaqondaniswa: Isisindo esiningi sasuswa, endaweni yokuntuleka kwentuthuko. Isixazululo esiqondanisiwe sokufaka sanikezwa isikhathi somile futhi siqale ukubamba (amahora angu-1-1,5). Ingaphezulu labe seliphathwa nge-grater ekhethekile ngesiponji sokususa ama-tuberculos amancane, sigcwalisa imihuzuko emihle nama-pores, enikeza indawo ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokubushelela.

Ukufakwa kwendawo kwepuleti yepuleti yokufakelwa (i-psb foam-enobukhulu obungama-50mm) kufakwe odongeni kanye nama-dowels ahleliwe azungeze indawo. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukufakwa kwangaphandle. Ingxube ye-facade yabekwa ezingxenyeni ezimbili. Okokuqala, onamandla wagxuma engilazini. Ubukhulu besendlalelo sogandaganda esisekelweni ngu-5 cm, kuzo zonke izindawo 1cm. Lapho usuqede le misebenzi, ukubeka nokufakwa kwezokuxhumana kwezobunjiniyela kwaqala.

Uhlangothi lwangaphambili lweNdlu lunikeza nokufaka

Ukuxhumana kahle kwamapayipi okuhlinzekwa kwamanzi emgaqweni omkhulu osemqoka kutholakala ku-10m kusuka endlini

Amapayipi okuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle kokubili ekhishini nakwezinye izindawo kwakufana

Umthombo wokushisa wohlelo lokushisa yi-CTC boiler (Sweden) ngokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwemodi yokusebenza. Le boiler, kanye ne-bosch boiler (germany) yokushisa amanzi afakwe egumbini le-boiler. Amadivayisi okubhoboza asetshenziswe ama-radiator we-Corrado (Czech Republic) ngokuxhumeka okuphansi nangaseceleni kwamapayipi ambozwe phansi. I-wiring yokushisa nezinhlelo zamanzi ashisayo yenziwa ngamapuleti ophahla olunamapayipi epulasitiki angopulasitiki, abebe esethululelwa ngongqimba lwe-screed. Ama-radiator axhumanisa ama-radiators enziwe ngemuva kokuphela kokuphamba.

Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla kuhlinzekwa ngentambo nge-Transformer Pestuation kwisivikelo esiyinhloko sokusabalalisa kwendlu. Isihlangu sifakwe i-Counter yokusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nezizenzakalelayo zokuvikela, izintambo zifakwa emabhokisini. I-wiring yenziwa ngendlela ecashile.

Ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi ekuxhumaneni nasekuhlolweni kwezinhlelo zobunjiniyela, indlu idluliselwe emhlobisweni wezindonga zangaphakathi naphansi.

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