Omagazini bokuxosha owake waba ngumlingani wakhe ngaphambili efulethini nasekuhlengweni kwezindlu ngumnikazi lapho esusa umhlaba ngezidingo zombuso noma zomasipala.
Ikhodi yezindlu, eyimfihlakalo futhi kwesinye isikhathi eyethusayo, iya ngokuya iqondakala futhi imbi njengokufunda. Siyaqhubeka nokuphawula ngomthetho osuvele u-Federal Law No. 188.
Emagazini wangaphambilini walo magazini, saxoxa ngezimiso eziyisisekelo manje, kusukela ngoMashi 1, 2005, kwakhiwa ubudlelwano bezindlu phakathi komuntu nombuso. Izakhamizi zinenkululeko yokukhetha indawo yokuhlala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sezwe, kanye neziphathimandla zoMbuso kanye nohulumeni basekhaya kufanele ngazo zonke izindlela kufanele banikele kubo ekusebenziseni ilungelo labo lokusebenzisa izindlu. Zonke izakhamizi ziyalingana, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwephulwa kwemithetho esetshenziselwa ezindlini enye yazo kuye kwalimaza abanye kungafaka izinkathazo ezinkulu, kuze kufike ecaleni futhi kuxosha umvuphu. Izakhiwo zokuhlala manje zingenziwa zihunyushelwe kwi-non-yokuhlala kanye nePhini elihlukile ngaphansi kokugadwa kwenqwaba yezimpahla nezindinganiso ezifanele zokwakha. Inqubo yokukhipha izimvume zokuhlelwa kabusha kanye (noma) ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezindlu kwenziwa lula: amadokhumenti ayadingeka ukuze andise abayisithupha, futhi ezimweni eziningi ezine. Umnikazi, uma uqhathaniswa nomqashi, unokuhleleka kwamalungelo amaningi amaningi okuphila, kepha futhi umbuthano wemithwalo yakhe ebanzi ubheka kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bacebisa izakhamizi, noma ngabe yini, ukwenza indawo yokuhlala mahhala uma bengakakwenzi lokho. I-Avrevene ayikho iminyaka eminingi nengxenye, kuze kube nguJanuwari 1, 2007.
Ubudlelwano be-Post-Family
Elinye lamaphuzu amasha "ekhodi entsha yezindlu (kwalapha kubhekiselwa ku-LCD i-athikili (kwalapha okubhekiselwe kuyo.) 31. Ibizwa ngokuthi" ilungelo lezakhamizi ezihlala kanye nomnikazi ezakhiweni ezakhe . " Ngokwezinhlinzeko zalo, owakwakhe (oshade naye), izingane kanye nabazali bangabalungu bomndeni womniniyo. Ezinye izihlobo, ababondlayo abakhubazekile nabanye abantu bamukelwa ngamalungu omndeni wakhe uma bekungumhlaba wonke uma bebewumhlaba Bonke laba bantu banelungelo lokujabulela izindlu nge-par nomnikazi, uma kungekho esinye isivumelwano phakathi kwabo nomnikazi (ngokwesibonelo, lesi sivumelwano somshado asisayiniwe phakathi kwabalingani), futhi kufanele basebenzise le ndlu ngenjongo yabo inhloso. "Amalungu omndeni anekhono aphatha ubumbano nomnikazi womnikazi wezibopho ezivela ekusetshenzisweni kwale ndawo yokuhlala", okungukuthi, kufanele babambe iqhaza ezindlekweni zekhaya nokukhokhwa kwezindleko.Ngaphambi kwale ndawo yezinkinga ezikhethekile, ikhodi yokufunda akwenzeki. Kepha konke akubonakali kangako. Yonke eminye yalesi sihloko isitshela ukuthi yini okufanele yenzeke uma kuqedwe ubudlelwano bomndeni nomnikazi wezindlu. Emthiyori, ilungelo lokusebenzisa le nkatho kusuka kulungu lomndeni lalivele laligcinwe uma kungekho esinye isivumelwano kule akhawunti. Kuyavela ukuthi lapho abashadikazi behlukanisile, labo okungewona umnikazi angaxoshwa efulethini futhi basuswe ekubhaleni kwe-accounting, okungukuthi, badedelwa efulethini noma ekhaya. Kepha uma engenazo izizathu zokuthola noma ngokusebenzisa ilungelo lokusebenzisa ezinye izakhiwo zokuhlala, kanye nokube isimo sempahla yalowo owayeyilungu lomndeni walowo ongumnikazi wezakhiwo zendawo yokuhlala nezinye izimo, izimo azimvumeli Ukuzihlinzeka ngezindawo ezihlukile zokuhlala, ilungelo lokusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala okungelomnikazi ochaziwe angalondolozwa ngelungu lomndeni wakhe isikhathi esithile ngesinqumo senkantolo. "
"Uma kunqunywa intengo yokuhlengwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, inani lemakethe yezakhiwo zokuhlala lifakiwe kulo, kanye konke ukulahleka okubangelwa ngumnikazi wezakhiwo zokuhlala ngokuhoxiswa kwalo, kufaka phakathi ukulahleka akwenzayo mayelana noshintsho Endaweni yokuhlala, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kwezakhiwo ezihlukene zokuhlala ngaphambi kokutholwa kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala, ukufuduka, ukusesha ezinye izakhiwo zokuhlala ukuze uthole ubunikazi bezinye izindawo zokuhlala, ukuqedwa kokuqala kwezibopho zalo kuya kwesithathu amaqembu, kufaka phakathi izinzuzo eziphuthelwe. "
Kusuka kubuciko. I-32 lcd rf.
Ngizokwazi ukuhlengwa ...
Art. I-32 ibaluleke kakhulu kwabanikazi banoma iyiphi indlu, yomibili indlu yezwe kanye nendlu enesizotha esakhiweni esinezitezi ezinhlanu. Lokhu kulapha ukuqinisekisa amalungelo ezindlu awo umnikazi wezakhiwo zokuhlala lapho kuthathwa kwesakhiwo sezwe ukuthola izidingo zombuso noma zomasipala. Ngabe konke kufanele kwenzeke kanjani ngokuya nge-LCD entsha? Isiphathimandla Sezwe noma Uhulumeni wasekhaya wenza isinqumo ngokuhoxiswa komhlaba ekhaya, bese ubhala isinqumo ngesinqumo se-State Region Authority of Rights for Rood impahla kanye nakwimibiko yokubhala. Imbozwe izindlu kuphela ngokuthenga kabusha, futhi umnikazi womnikazi ukhokhela ngqo igunya lezidingo izwe elidingeka kulo. "Ukuhlengwa kwengxenye yendawo yokuhlala kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi." Uma ingavumi, igumbi lonke kuphela elingahlengwa.
Umnikazi kufanele aziswe ngesinqumo esithathiwe "kungakapheli unyaka ngaphambi kokuthathwa okuzayo kwaleli gumbi", futhi ukuthengwa kwezindlu kuvunyelwe kuphela lapho isikhathi kuphela ngemvume yomnikazi. Umnikazi wezinyanga eziyi-12 watt angaba ngumnikazi, asebenzise futhi alahle izindlu ngokubona kwawo, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo. Kepha udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi uma ngalesi sikhathi unquma ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izindlu (ngokwesibonelo, ukulungisa kabusha ukuhlela kabusha), khona-ke lokhu ngeke kuthinte intengo yokuhlenga yegumbi. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa komhlaba wonke kulahlekelwe yinjongo yonke.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ku-LCD entsha akukho igama lokuthi ifulethi kufanele litholakale ngefulethi, nendlu. Kubikwa kuphela ngemali, hhayi indlela yemvelo yesinxephezelo. Ngakho-ke, nge- "Treshka" ungathatha "igumbi eliphindwe kabili", kanye nomehluko ongenzeka ukuze uthole imali.
Intengo yokuhlenga inqunywa yisivumelwano phakathi komnikazi kanye negunya elifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwenani lemakethe, isakhamuzi singathola isinxephezelo sokulahleka okuhlobene nokuhoxiswa kwezindlu, ukuthutha, ukufuna ezinye izakhiwo, izinzuzo eziningi. Abameli baphinde bancoma izakhamizi ukuthi zifake phakathi kwentengo yokuhlenga izindleko zokulungiswa kwemali ekhaya, ezingakhiqizwanga ngumbuso noma abaphathi bendawo ngesikhathi. Uma umnikazi engavumelani nesinqumo sokuhoxisa izindlu zawo noma isivumelwano ngentengo yokuhlengwa, igunya lesimo noma uhulumeni wendawo angenza icala lokulwa nokuhlengwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Lokhu kungenzeka kube yiminyaka emibili kusukela ngosuku lokudluliselwa kumnikazi wesaziso esenziwe ngenhla.
Yimaphi amalungelo owakwakhe wangaphambili womnikazi wefulethi noma ekhaya?
Mhlawumbe manje izakhamizi zibheka ukuthi esimweni sesehlukaniso nomngane wazo abashade naye bangase basixosha kalula efulethini noma ekhaya. Masinyane ngifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi amaphasiphothi awasuswa ekubhalweni kwe-accounting (hhayi "akhishwe") owake waba ngamalungu omndeni womndeni, ngokwesitatimende sakhe, lokhu kufanele kube yisinqumo senkantolo esihambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wena njengomnikazi wenkantolo ungaphoqa ukuthi ahlinzeke ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalowo oshade naye kwalowo owayeshade naye namanye amalungu omndeni wakhe, efuna umnikazi enza ngalo izibopho ze-alimony, ngokufunwa kwawo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela uma ilungu lomndeni lalowo ongumnikazi wezakhiwo zendawo yokuhlala alinazo ezinye izindlu futhi akukho zimali zokutholwa kwazo.
Njengomthetho, lapho umshado usuchithiwe, ingxenye yempahla ehlanganayo yenzeka. IHusting indawo yokuhlala izakhiwo ezitholwe ngomunye wabashadikazi ngaphambi komshado noma ngesikhathi somshado, kodwa ngokuthengiselana okuhle (ifa, ngaphansi kwenkontileka yokunikela, ngenxa yokunikela ngasese), yimpahla yakhe yangasese, ingabonakala Impahla ehlanganyelwe, uma isungulwa ukuthi ngesikhathi somshado nabalingani beyenziwa okunamathiselwe, ukwanda kakhulu izindleko zale mpahla (ukuchitha kabusha, imishini yokuphinda i-IDR). Endabeni, icala lokukhuluma ngokuqedwa kwelungelo lokusebenzisa izakhiwo zokuhlala ngemuva kokuchithwa komshado wangaphambili umkakhe umnikazi womniniyo. "
Ungakuhambisa Kanjani?
Kuphela ngesinqumo senkantolo. Izizathu zokuthi kungani umuntu angaxoshwa njalo efulethini noma ekhaya, kwi-LCD emakwe eziningana (Isigaba 31, 35, 85, 86, 90, 91, 136, 90, 91, 136, 90, 91, 136). Ukuxoshwa uqobo, ngokomthetho "kwinqubo yokuphoqelela", ukudedela izakhiwo ezikhishwe, impahla yalo, izilwane ezifuywayo nokuvinjezelwa ukuze zisebenzise izakhiwo ezikhululiwe. Ukuxoshwa kwenziwa ngumsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo phambi kofakazi, kanye nasezimweni ezidingekayo, ngosizo lwezinhlaka zangaphakathi zangemuva ngencazelo ephoqelekile yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle.Art. 35 Kusho ukuthi isakhamuzi siphoqelekile ukukhulula izakhiwo zokuhlala uma ilungelo lazo lokusebenzisa linqanyulwa ngokuya nge-LCD, eminye imithetho yenhlangano, inkontileka noma ngesinqumo sesinqumo senkantolo. (Imvamisa, isisekelo sokunqanyulwa kwelungelo lokusebenzisa izindlu ukuphelelwa yisikhathi komnqamulajuqu onikezwe ukusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuqashisa noma isikhathi sokuqashwa sesiqediwe, isikhathi sokubhaliswa kwesikhashana kanye ne-PR.) . Uma umuntu ethanda ngokuzithandela futhi ngesikhathi esibekwe ngumnikazi wezindlu, asikhokhisi egumbini, lincike ekuxoshweni ngenkantolo enkantolo.
"Amalungu omndeni womnikazi wezakhiwo zokuhlala anelungelo lokusebenzisa le ndawo yokuhlala engxenyeni nomnikazi wayo, ngaphandle kwalapho ifakwe ngenye indlela ngesivumelwano phakathi komnikazi namalungu omndeni wakhe." (Isle 31whhrrf)
Impahla ejwayelekile
Ikhanda lesithupha le-LCD (Art. 36-48) libizwa ngokuthi "impahla ejwayelekile yabanikazi bezakhiwo esakhiweni efulethini. Umhlangano ojwayelekile wabanikazi abanjalo." Inzalo, umfundi onentshisekelo uzokwazi ukuthola izikhathi eziningi ezithokozisayo. Nakhu okubaluleke kakhulu: "Abanikazi bezakhiwo esakhiweni efulethini bangelokunene lobunikazi bendawo yonke kuleli ndlu okungezona izingxenye zegumbi elilodwa kule ndlu." Izincwadi zifaka izitebhisi, izitebhisi, izitebhisi, ilifti nezinye izimayini, amakhoseji, amaphakethe wezobuchwepheshe, ophahleni, ophahleni, ophahleni, ophahleni, ophahleni, imishini yokuhlanza esebenza ngaphezu kweyodwa izakhiwo, Izakhiwo Zomhlaba (!), lapho le ndlu itholakala khona, izakhi zokuvuselelwa komhlaba kanye nokwenza ngcono nezinye izinto ezitholakala kulesi sigameko somhlaba (Isigaba 36).
Uhlobo olunjalo lobunikazi, okungukuthi, isabelo sesamba, siphakamisa ukuphathwa kwempahla ye-collegial. Ngakho-ke, zonke izingqinamba ezivelayo zixazululwa kuphela ngemvume yabo bonke abanikazi, imvamisa emhlanganweni jikelele. Umnikazi ngamunye ungumnikazi wendlela ebanzi ngosayizi wendawo ephelele eyi-IT (ART. 37). I-KSlov, ku-LCD entsha ayikho into efana nendawo yokuhlala (i.e., indawo ayifaki imigwaqo, ikhishi, igumbi lokugezela, njll.). Kunendawo kuphela ephelele.
Umnikazi akanalo ilungelo lokufakazela "ngokuzivocavoca ngokwemvelo ngelungelo lendawo evamile yempahla ejwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwamafulethi", kanye nokwehlukanisa isabelo sawo futhi "ukwenza ezinye izenzo ezihlanganisa ukudluliselwa kwale gama ngokwehlukile kusuka ku ubunikazi bendawo ebekiwe. " Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, abaninimasheya bangakulibala ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwempahla evamile kubalethe imali engenayo. Isibonelo, ukuhlinzekela ukusetshenziswa kwabanye abantu noma izinhlangano ezingaphansi komhlaba, ophahleni, ophahleni, ophahleni lwezobuchwepheshe
Vele, imali engenayo iyamangalisa. Kepha abanikazi bezindleko zezindleko bakhulu kakhulu kunemali engenayo. Abanikazi bezindlu bachitha imali yomuntu siqu yokulungiswa kwempahla evamile ekwakhiweni efulethini (Art. 39). Ingxenye yalezi zindleko eziphoqelekile zalaba banikazi "inqunywa ngesabelo ngakwesokunene sendawo evamile yempahla ejwayelekile endlini enjalo." Imithetho yokuqukethwe kwempahla isungulwe nguhulumeni waseRussia Federation. Ngenkathi bengakavele.
Ngokuya ngobuciko. 40, umnikazi unelungelo lokuhlanganisa izakhiwo eziseduze uma zombili zingezedwa ngendlela enikezwe yikhanda lokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-4 LCD "nokukhiqizwa kwezindawo zokuhlala." Uma ushintsho emingceleni phakathi kwalawa makamelo aluhlanganisi "izinguquko emingceleni yezinye izakhiwo, imingcele kanye nosayizi wesakhiwo esivamile esakhiweni sendawo efulethini kuleyo ndawo Indlu ", imvume yabanye abanikazi akudingi ukuthola. Ngaphesheya uma kwakhiwa kabusha, ukuhlelwa kabusha kanye / noma ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezakhiwo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokujoyina ingxenye yepropathi ejwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuthola bonke (!) Abanikazi bezakhiwo efulethini kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinhlobo zokuhlelwa kabusha kwalezi zinhlobo .
Ekwenzeni izinqumo, emhlanganweni ojwayelekile wabanikazi bezindawo ezakhiweni efulethini, ukuveza okungokomfanekiso, amasheya ngakwesokudla kobunikazi bendawo evamile efulethini, hhayi abantu abangokwakhe.
Izimpi zikamasipala
Ngokushesha phakathi kwazo abanikazi bamakamelo ezincwadini eziku-XXIV. Hhayi induku. Amezh lezo abanokuthile abangabelana ngazo. Ngokubonisana namakamelo esakhiweni efulethini, "abanikazi bamakamelo efulethini lomphakathi bangelokufika kobunikazi obukhona kuleli ndawo esetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngegumbi elingaphezu kwelilodwa," okungukuthi, impahla evamile ku efulethini lomphakathi. Ngokusho komgomo ofanayo, "ushintsho olwakhulu lwepropathi elijwayelekile kungenzeka kuphela ngemvume yabo bonke abanikazi bamakamelo kuleli gumbi ngokuhleleka kabusha kanye (noma) (lokhu kushiwo ku-Article 41).Isabelo somnikazi wekamelo endaweni efulethini yomphakathi sinqunywa ngendlela efanayo nengxenye yomnikazi wegumbi esakhiweni sasefulethini, okungukuthi, kulingana ngosayizi wendawo ephelele yegumbi (Art. 42). Ingxenye 6 yalesi sihloko inika abanikazi bakwamanye amagumbi efulethini lomphakathi elikhethayo ilungelo lokuthenga igumbi (elithengisiwe). Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi silinganiso kuzovumela kancane kancane kancane inani lamafulethi omphakathi ezweni lethu. Inhloso isazihluphe izinombolo ...
Ukwenqatshwa kwe-Test Test ukubekwa kwendlalifa kwintando yokugcwaliseka kwezibopho ezithile zivunyelwa okokwalule noma ngaphezulu. Kungaba nesibopho sokukhokha umuntu imali ethile, nikeza noma yiziphi izinto ukunikeza ilungelo lokusebenzisa impahla, njll.
Ngokuya ngobuciko. I-LCD, "isakhamuzi, ngokwehluleka ukuvikela, inikezwa ilungelo lokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlala isikhathi esichazwe kwintando efanele, lisebenzisa le nkaza nge-par nomnikazi." Uma isakhamuzi sikwazile, uthwala ubumbano nomnikazi wesibopho sawo eziphoqelekeni ezivela ekusebenziseni izindlu ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angadinga ukubhaliswa kombuso kwesokudla ukusebenzisa leli gumbi, okungukuthi, ukukhuluma ngokuguga, abhalise kuwo.
Uhulumeni
Esendlini efulethini, iNdikimba Ebusayo ngumhlangano jikelele wabanikazi bezakhiwo (Art. 44). Kwenza izinqumo "ekwakhiweni kabusha kwendlu (kufaka phakathi ukunwetshwa kwayo noma okuhambisanayo), ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zasekhaya nezinye izakhiwo, izakhiwo, izinhlaka, ukulungiswa kwempahla evamile efulethini"; Emikhawulweni yokusebenzisa isiza, lapho indlu itholakala khona, okubandakanya ukwethula imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo; "Ekudlulisweni ekusetshenzisweni kwempahla evamile esakhiweni sasefulethini", futhi futhi ukhetha indlela yokuphatha indlu futhi uhlanganyele kwezinye izindaba. Ukuphathwa Kwezakhiwo Zasefulethini kuzinikelwe kokugcina, isigaba sesishiyagalombili se-LCD (Article 161-165). Ukwenza ngokwezifiso lezi zihloko siphendukela kwesinye sezinombolo ze-log ezilandelayo.
I-ART.45 ichaza ngokuningiliziwe inqubo yokubamba umhlangano jikelele wabanikazi bezakhiwo ezakhiweni ezisefulethini. Kubhekwe njalo ngonyaka, futhi eminye imihlangano eminye ibhekwa njengeyingqayizivele futhi ingabizwa ngokwakhiwa kwanoma ngubani wabanikazi. "Umhlangano jikelele wabanikazi bezakhiwo ekwakhiweni efulethini unekhono (unekhoramu) Uma abanikazi bezakhiwo kuleli ndlu noma abamele amavoti avela enanini lamavoti ahlanganyele kulo . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi bavota ezimweni ezinjalo, beveza ngokomfanekiso, amasheya angenawo ubunikazi bendawo evamile esakhiweni esijwayelekile efulethini, hhayi abantu abakuyo. Inani lamavoti lapho umnikazi ngamunye ophethe kuwo alingana nesabelo sawo ngakwesokudla kwendawo evamile (ubuciko. 48). Ukuba khona kwekhoramu kunqunywa yileli qiniso, hhayi ukwakheka kwezinombolo kwabahlanganyeli bomhlangano.
Izinqumo ezindabeni ezibangelwe kuvoti zamukelwa emhlanganweni jikelele ngeningi lamavoti (ubuciko. 46). Uhlobo lomhlangano kungenzeka lungelona kuphela isikhathi esigcwele, kodwa futhi nangezincwadi (ubuciko. 47). Izixazululo ziyimpoqo kubo bonke, kufaka phakathi labo banikazi abangazange babambe iqhaza ekuvoteni. Izinyanga eziyisithupha zihlola umnikazi okholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akhe ayaphulwa, angafaka isikhalazo enkantolo isinqumo esithathwe umhlangano jikelele. Izindlu zamaholide (futhi zibaluleke kakhulu!) Ungabi nelungelo lokuvota nhlobo futhi ungazibandakanyi ekwenzeni izinqumo, kepha emlalela yena kuphela. Izintshisekelo zabo emhlanganweni ojwayelekile wabanikazi zivikelwe ngumengameli, okuvame ukuthi umbuso omelwe ngummeleli wawo.
Kunezakhiwo ezisefulethini, wonke amakamelo okungowomnikazi oyedwa (ngokomzimba, ekomthetho, uMasipala, njll.). Kulokhu, isinqumo ezindabeni eziphathelene nekhono loMkhandlu Kazwelonke senziwa ngumnikazi wedwa.
Yini egcwele ukusetshenziswa kwekamelo ngaphansi kwenkontileka yokuqashwa kwezenhlalo? Ngubani obhekwa njengompofu? Kungenzeka yini ukushintshana endaweni eyodwa kwenye? Yini ezothatha abaqashi lapho bediliza ekhaya? Sizosho ngalokhu kumagazini olandelayo walo magazini.
Abahleli babonga ummeli uLyubov Danilov kanye nommeli uDaria Konnenko ngosizo lokulungiselela lokho okuqukethwe.