Ukwakha ngesikhathi esifushane sendlu kusuka kubha egcotshwe ka-182.1 m2 ngezobuchwepheshe, efinyeleleka emindenini ehola imali ephakathi.
![Kahle futhi akubizi kakhulu](/userfiles/56/13851_5.webp)
kanye nemfucumfucu enobandlululo lwemithombo
hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0.05. Amapayipi asongwe egunjini elikhethekile, amelana nokuhlala isikhathi eside emhlabathini. Udlula amanzi ngaphandle kokuvumela
Izinhlayiya ezincane
ukungena kwamapayipi ngokusebenzisa izikhala zemvelo. Ngaphambi kokubuyiselwa emuva kokugcina kwemigwaqo, imithombo ifakwa ngesendlalelo se-hydrohotelool, esigcwele isisekelo sikakhonkolo esinokhonkolo
![Kahle futhi akubizi kakhulu](/userfiles/56/13851_25.webp)
![Kahle futhi akubizi kakhulu](/userfiles/56/13851_26.webp)
Kanye nezakhiwo ezi-elite ezivela ezihlahleni ezifuywayo, imikhiqizo etholakala emindenini enemali ephakathi nendawo ivela emakethe yasekhaya yezokwakha izinkuni.
Thumela izindlu emabhokisini!
Umehluko ngezindleko phakathi kwekhithi eyenziwe yindlela yefektri, nesakhiwo esenziwe futhi sahlangana ngo-50%. Imitha yesikwele yendlu yokukhiqizwa komuntu ngamunye ngezindleko ezimaphakathi $ 1000, kanye "nendlu" yezimboni "- $ 500.
Funda ukubala imali
"Ngolwandle, ucingo luyisigamu, kanye ne-ruble ruble" - kusho abantu abanobuhlakani. Imali yezimo zansuku zonke ze- "Transport" ingaba ngamaphesenti ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu wezindleko zezimpahla. Ikakhulu uma ilethwa kusuka phesheya. Mhlawumbe i-chassis enhle kakhulu yanamuhla yizakhiwo zokuhlala zokhuni ezikhiqizwe eRussia ngendlela ethengisa izinto zasendle. Bahanjiswa endaweni yokwakha ngezimoto ngendlela ehlakazekile futhi baphakanyiswa endabeni yezinsuku noma emavikini. Lapho esondela isakhiwo esitshalweni, lapho indlu ikhiqizwa khona, ishibhile ibiza ikhasimende. Ukuthenga izakhiwo zokhuni ezenziwe emafektri eze eseceleni kwesisekelo sezinto ezingavuthiwe (Lespromozami) futhi kuyisici semali. Ungagcina ezintweni ezikhiqizwa yizakhi zezindlu zokhuni. Akudingekile uku-oda ukwakhiwa kwebha kufakwe ephayini elibizayo kanye ne-larch lamellae, i-fir fir eshibhile ifanelekile. Ngokumelana nobunyono wokudluliswa kokushisa kanye nezici zalo zamandla, umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinto angculwa.
Isiphetho sibonisa ukuthi: Kusuka kubha ekhazile, kushibhile ukwakha ukungena kwendabuko ezifundeni zokungena kwendabuko, lapho kukhona abakhiqizi bezinto zokwakha kanye namabhulukwe (eKarelia, ezifundeni ze-Arkhangelsk naseWestern ISiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude). Ngaphandle kokulahleka okukhulu njengesakhiwo, kungasetshenziswa ibha engabizi kakhulu.
Esifundeni saseMoscow, lapho imali ekhokhwa khona yehlathi ikhawulelwe, izindlu eziboshwe nezindlu zikhiqizwa kuyo: "I-Karkalaster", "uKarmar", "uKarmar", " I-SU-2 "(Podolsk)," Tamak "nabanye. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza ama-lamellae Lezi zinkampani zizolethwa kusuka ehlathini elicebile lezifunda ezisenyakatho. Kungokwemvelo ukuthi umncintiswano obaluleke kakhulu wama-Muscovites aphasiwedi wamafemu wesifunda enikezela izindlu ezenziwe ngomumo kusuka kubha egcotshwe ngokuqondile futhi ngenethiwekhi yomthengisi. Abakhiqizi bokuncintisana abakhiqizi kanye nezinkampani zokulamula ukuze banciphise kancane izindleko zokwakha izakhiwo ze-turkey Brusade, okuyi- $ 350-500 esifundeni esiphakathi nendawo. Izindlu ezivela kubha ekhathele zisemandleni asondela ezakhiweni zezitini, igwebu nokhonkolo olwenziwe. I-ITO yize iqiniso lokuthi izinto zodonga nokushelela ezakhiweni zokhuni kwesinye isikhathi zibiza kakhulu.
Iqiniso ukuthi izisekelo zikakhonkolo ezinkulu azidingeki ukwakha izindlu zamabhulashi. Isisindo esincane sezakhiwo esikuvumela ukuba wenze ngetheyiphu ephansi yephrofayili, izisekelo ze-boronabivilinal, izisekelo zezinqwaba ezinabadwebi namapuleti e-monolithic, okusho ukuthi ukonga ekwakheni. Ama-VSeays anesimo sezulu esifudumele angancishiswa yizindleko zokwakha ngokunciphisa ubukhulu bokhuni oludongeni. Kune-Reservation yokonga njengokukhethwa kokufakwa kokuvikela nokuqedwa kokuqeda.
Yenza indawo ebushelelezi yokwakha
Ungakha noma kuphi, uma kuphela indawo elungiselelwe lokhu. Kulokhu, umnikazi wendlu yesikhathi esizayo wathola uNizenne onezinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Inkinga yeSateu ikwazile ukubhekana nokulandelayo. Vula phambili, esizeni sasishayela kahle. Iphampu ne-hydroaccumulalatory
Ngemuva kwesihlabathi esivalwe uphawu, kanye nozungezi we-slab yesisekelo sendlu esizayo, indlela yempi enobude obungama-70 cm. Isikhala esivela ngaphakathi kwefothothi sasimbozwa ngesendlalelo se-hydrohotelool. Uhlaka lokuqiniswa kwepuleti lwaboshelwe phezu kwalo lusuka kwinduku ngenduku nge-14 mm, kanye ne-perimeter kanye nasezindaweni zohlaka lwendlu evuthayo lwendlu. Uhlaka lwensimbi kuya ezindlini zokugezela ezizayo, ekhishini kanye nokuvikelwa kagesi, amapayipi a-asbetic abekelwe, ngokusho kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokushisa kwahlelwa, kanye nokungena kwamapayipi. Ipuleti elinogqinsiwe kuka-30cm laxoshwa ngokhonkolo olwethulwe ngokhonkolo ongu-300. Ngemuva kokutholwa kokhonkolo okutholakele, ukuqiniswa okumi mpo kwabekwa ngaphandle ngefomu futhi kwasayina isisekelo sikakhonkolo ngokuphakama kwama-40 cm (ngakho-ke afise ikhasimende). Ukungena komoya omncane wesikhala ngaphansi kwephansi emnyama esisekelweni sezinhlangothi ezine, kwathi ngo-1515cm, kamuva wavalwa ngama-lattices.
Kukhona indlu endaweni eyomile enenhlabathi engaguquki, indlela elula yokwakha isisekelo kuzoba lula impela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bekuzokwanela ukususa ngokucophelela ungqimba yemifino, ukugaya ukujula kwemitha yomsele, ukuze uwafake ku-30cm ngesihlabathi esikhulu bese ubeka isisekelo se-50-60cm kusuka kusakhiwo (izinga lomhlaba) .
Njengoba ikhasimende litholakala ngokuzayo, isisekelo sendlu kufanele senziwe ngaphezulu. Ukhohliwe ukuthi isembozo seqhwa singasondela emqheleni wokuqala. Lesi simo salungiswa ngokuzungeza isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwamamitha amabili ekhefu lokukhokhiswa okuthambekele, okulula ukulihlanza ebusika nako elisusa amanzi kusuka kusisekelo kuya kwi-Frainage Wells e-Offseason. Ukudla kwasekuseni okunobukhulu obungu-15 cm kwaphonswa ngokomenyu omkhulu we-masonry wokwamukelwa okukodwa.
Yakha ukuze ujabule wena kanye nomona skeptics
Ngaphansi kokugibela phansi kwendlu kwenza i-substrate kusuka ku-hydroatiasasecola strip. Ingxenye yokuqala yohlobo olubekiwe ivaliwe yibha ebhaliwe egcwele ngokukhishwa ngaphandle kwe-polterev. Imigoqo yomqhele wokuqala ovela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi icutshungulwe ngukwakheka kweSezheng Ogbios ekhiqizwe yi-Sezhez-amalungiselelo. Kamuva, kwasetshenziswa ukwakheka okufanayo ukubekezelela imigoqo engezansi, ukuphela kwazo zonke izinto zokhuni, kanye nokuqedela ukuhlanganisa izindonga ezingaphakathi. Ngaphandle, bacutshungulwa yisakhiwo esivikela iSlovak sikaBelinka.
Umqhele wokuqala waqoshwa kwi-anchor anchor bolts enobubanzi be-12mm. Okulandelayo okushayisana kwe-140200mm kusuka kumabha aphezulu agcwele ngesikole esisodwa se-fairy, ku-pair ekwakheni ibhlokhi elinokuphakama kwe-280mm. Ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi kwesitezi sokuqala kukhona izindonga ezihamba ngasikhathi sinye, ngakho-ke bazakha kusuka kubha yesigaba esifanayo.
Umhlangano wezinto zodonga wenziwa ngosizo lophenyo olunzima lwamapulangwe, olubizwa ngokuthi abasebenzi "Mashka" (Leli gama livela egameni elithi "ukuzungeza"; noma kunjalo, nakanjani kukhona imibono yabantu ngomlingiswa wesifazane). Ukushaywa kwasetshenziswa ngesikhala sokhuni esivikela izingodo kusuka ku-dents. I-wedge ebunjiwe omise okwenziwe yantshontshwa imifino, yakha uxhumano oluqinile noludala. Ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka (ukushaywa ngokungasekeli, akunakwenzeka) ezindaweni zefasitela neminyango, imigoqo idonsele amabhande odongeni, iziphetho zazo ezazinamathiselwe phansi.
Ukubekwa kokufakwa kwe-inter-inf-infal akuhlinzekelwe ubuchwepheshe obuchaziwe. Okuhlukile yizinhlanganisela ze-angular kanye nokuhlangana kwe-Brusev. I-Waich zibeka ukufakwa kweqabunga le-flaing, eliqinisekisa ukungasebenzi kwe-angle endizeni evundlile. Izikulufa ezi-brald azisebenzi futhi zingasebenzi, njengoba ukwakheka kwendlu kufaka phakathi imithwalo efanayo kuzo zonke izindonga. Ngokombono wabekhi, ngemuva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi ophahleni nophahla lwezinyanga ezi-1-2 kukhona ukushwabana kwendlu okufanayo, ngemuva kwalokho imigoqo ayikho i-deformation ayisadalulwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye nokubekwa kwezindonga, ukufakwa kwemishayo yesisekelo se-inverlap kanye nezitezi zanelisekile. Ngalezi zinhloso, kwasetshenziswa imishayo egcwele ngengxenye yesiphambano esingu-27066mm, lapho imigoqo ye-cranial (ireferensi) yabethelwa khona ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Imikhawulo yemishayo yafakwa kuma-protrosthions wesisekelo futhi ilungiswe esisekelweni sikakhonkolo ngamakhona ensimbi. Ibanga phakathi kwemishayo lingama-60cm. Phezu kwemigoqo yama-cranial, amabhodi aphansi amnyama afakwa emapuletini abo e-rockol rockol angamaminerali angama-200mm, ngaphezulu kwe-slab ambozwe ngongqimba we-pohydrozolation "Yutafol d". I-45mm inqwaba phansi kweshidi nebhodi evuthayo ka-45mm. Kuqale ngemuva kokuphothulwa komhlangano omkhulu kusebenza. Amabhodi ama-lags awazange abethelwe, ababazi bagcwalisiwe ngemuva kokuthi indlu yaqala ukusebenza ngokushisa kanye nomswakama wokhuni waqina.
Lapho sifinyelela ekuphakameni okulinganiselwe kwezindonga, sabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni phansi kwe-attic. Ngenxa yalokhu, imishayo yophahla ebolile yayigxiliwe, eyayihlasela odongeni imigoqo igcwele phezulu. Idizayini yokuqaqa okuhlangene icishe iphinda iphinda phansi phansi kwesitezi sokuqala phansi ngomehluko wokuthi ubukhulu bokufakelwa buyi-100mm kuleli cala, futhi i-vaporizolation ayikwakhiwa phezu kwayo. Ukudonsa i-Ceiling Board kusetshenziswe i-Eurovantia (12,5 mm). Amasimu esitezi sesibili nawo akhathele ngebhodi eliphakeme elingu-45mm. Ngokuxhumana ne-attic kwakha izitebhisi zesikhashana.
Okwengeziwe kwakhiwa izindonga kwanqunywa yizici zephrojekthi yokwakha. Le ndlu yokwakhiwa nge-attic engxenyeni ephakathi nendawo enamaphiko amabili ahlukahlukene ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla kwayo. Isici sokwakhiwa kophahla ku- "amaphiko" ukusebenzisa imishayo ephakathi nendawo (ama-run) asuselwa kuma-proton of the frondon kanye nezindonga ze-attic. Le mishayo isekela ngokuthembekile izindondo eziboshwe, okuvumela umakhi ukuthi akwenze ngaphandle kwamapulazi kanye nezinto ezengeziwe zophahla ophahleni. Ngenxa yalokho, indlu evela ngaphakathi ibukeka ibanzi kakhulu kunaphandle.
Ukwenza lula ukwakhiwa kwendlu, ukwahlukaniswa okungaphakathi ku-Attic Kwenziwe Uhlaka, kugcwalisa uhlaka olune-rackwool Soundprofer. Ngaphandle ukwahlukaniswa kwakuhlotshiswe ngebhodi elilingisa ukubukeka kwebha, ngenxa yokuthi babukeka njengezindonga ezinkulu.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubekisela phambili ophahleni, ama-eaves kanye nama-sink ophahleni abhalwe ngu "ukushayisana". I-Brushful "Pie" ibekwe kusethi ejwayelekile: Rockwool Mineral Wool amapuleti angama-250mm, avikelwe ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo se-vapor barrier "yutafol-h", kanye ne-operopo-d ". Phakathi kwe-plywood yaphansi eqinile ngaphansi kwethayela elithambile le-katepal kanye nolwelwesi olufaka olusekufakwe endaweni evuthayo eyakhiwe ngesigaba esingu-5040mm kuya kuma-raffers. Njengoba imithambeka yophahla yingama-30, i-tile ethambile yabekwa kumakhaphethi wokulwa, okunikeza isivikelo esingeziwe ekuvuzeni. Ubuchwepheshe obuthambekele be-tiling tinging buchazwa kunoma yimuphi umyalo onamathiselwe abathengisi kwi-batch of izimpahla, ngakho-ke ngeke siyeke kule mininingwane. Siphawula kuphela ukuthi ngokushintshana komoya okungcono, ama-defleint averation afakiwe ophahleni ngaphansi kophahla.
Esigabeni sokugcina, saqala ukufakwa kwamawindi nezicabha. Kusukela kwafakwa ekhaya, bafakwa endabeni yamahora. Amafasitela epulangwe anamafasitela aphindwe kabili eChamber afakwa kwimininingwane eshelelayo. I-KKOBEATI DIndows ezinhlangothini yayinamathiselwe kanye namafisi, ezabekwa kubahlali be-brusev grooves. Kusuka ezansi ngaphansi kwebhokisi kwafakwa ama-polyurethane imizuzu eyishumi. Kusuka phezulu ngenhla kwesobunxele kwashiya igebe elingu-50mm eligcwele ukugcwala. Izikhala ezinhlangothini (15mm) zivaliwe ngefilakisi fiber twin-fiber futhi zihlotshiswe ngeplatibandli.
Iminyango yensimbi yokungena iqiniswe ekuvulekeni kwamaRighel. Ngokuqondene neminyango yezangaphandle, baphefumulelwa ngemuva kwemisebenzi eyinhloko yokuqeda, okokugcina ngaleyo ndlela banikeze ukulondolozwa kwe-canvas. Kufakwe umpheme phansi, phansi kwafakelwa phansi ithala. Ukuze senze lokhu, sasebenzisa ibhodi elingathandeki (45mm) noChamberfer ukuze amanzi angagcinwanga futhi akhishwe ngemifantu emgqonyeni owenziwe ngaphansi phansi. Isisekelo "ngaphansi kwehhashi" indlu "yashiywa yaze yaphela intwasahlobo.
Ukubalwa okukhulisiwe kwezindleko zomsebenzi nezinto zokwakha indawo yendawo enezitezi ezimbili ze-190m2
Igama lemisebenzi | Amayunithi. phendula | Inombolo ye | Intengo, $ | Izindleko, $ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Izinhlelo Zobunjiniyela | ||||
Ukuphatha izembe, ukuhlela, ukususwa kwenhlabathi | M3. | 84. | ishumi nesishayagalombili | 1512. |
Isisekelo sesisekelo seSisekelo, Ukuvimbela Amanzi | M2. | 127. | isishiyagalombili | 1016. |
Idivaysi ye-Fundamente, ukugcina izindonga | M3. | 46. | 60. | 2760. |
-Nke | 5290. | |||
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | ||||
Ukhonkolo esindayo | M3. | 46. | 62. | 2852. |
I-granite yamatshe echotshoziwe, isihlabathi | M3. | 89. | 28. | 2492. |
I-Bituminous Polymer Mastic, Hydrohotellol | M2. | 127. | 2.8. | 356. |
I-armature, intambo yokugoba nezinye izinto | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | okukodwa | 400. | 400. |
-Nke | I-6100. | |||
Izindonga (Ibhokisi) | ||||
IKhabhinethi Yezindonga | M3. | 85. | 70. | 5950. |
Idivaysi yohlaka | M2. | 140. | amashumi amabili | I-2800. |
Izindonga ezifudumele ezindongeni eziqoshiwe | M2. | 250. | isishiyagalolunye | 2250. |
-Nke | I-11000. | |||
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | ||||
Izingodo (izingodo zakudala) | M3. | 85. | 400. | 34000. |
Izinkuni zeSawn | M3. | ishumi nesishayagalombili | 160. | I-2880. |
-Nke | 36880. | |||
Idivayisi yophahla | ||||
Ukufakwa kwe-Rafter Design | M2. | 210. | Okuqophele imali | 2520. |
I-Bitumen Tiles coating insiza | M2. | 210. | isishiyagalombili | 1680. |
-Nke | 4200. | |||
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | ||||
I-Katepal Roofing | M2. | 210. | Okuqophele imali | 2520. |
Izinkuni zeSawn | M3. | ishumi nesishayagalombili | 160. | I-2880. |
I-Steam, umoya namafilimu angenamanzi | M2. | 210. | 2. | 420. |
I-insulation rockwool. | M2. | 260. | 7. | Ngo-1820. |
-Nke | 7640. | |||
Izindleko eziphelele zomsebenzi | 20540. | |||
Izindleko eziphelele zezinto zokwakha | 50600. | |||
-Nke | 71140. |
Abahleli babonga "iNational Forestry Industrial Company" ukuze basize lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.