Isakhiwo sihleleke ngokukhethekile ukuze indlu isegqumeni. Ingxenye yesithathu yezimpahla ezingenayo izidumbu zamanzi ezihlelwe emazingeni ahlukene, nezihlahla zehlathi
I-Architects Dace Brezink, Eve Skdin. Isithombe sikaKaren Mankosi
Umakhi wezakhiwo u-Oksana Hleborobova. Isithombe sikaKaren Mankosi
Umklami we-Andris Steinberg. Isithombe sikaKaren Mankosi
I-Archigect Igor Firsov. Isithombe sikaKaren Mankosi
Indawo lapho indlu imi khona itholakala ehlathini likaphayini, ogwini olunesihlabathi olunesihlabathi sechibi. Lesi simo sasinikeza usizo khona, ngoba Isihlabathi esomile sakha ama-drainage aphelele wemvelo. Isisekelo sesisekelo sakhethwa umklamo we-monolithic we-deep dowtit
Ukufika kuleli cala elifanele, njengokuthengwa kwesakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwendlu yezwe, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukukhetha indawo yesakhiwo nohlelo lwendawo yokwakha kuncike kakhulu ekwakhiweni komndeni kanye Indlela yokuphila ekhona kuyo.
Ngakho-ke, iningi labantu asebekhulile bathanda ukungcola engadini nasengadini, nomuntu okhetha ukuhlala kahle emoyeni omusha. Ukubheka okuthile kujabulise ngemibhede ecocekile, elungiselelwe kahle, eminye imibhede yezimbali emihle, utshani, ama-arbors. Intsha nezingane, njengomthetho, zisebenza ngenkuthalo. Badinga indawo yokuhamba imidlalo, amavie okupheka ama-kebabs, ahleli emlilweni we-.P. Ngalesi sizathu, ukwakheka kwendawo esebenza ngezinto eziningi kufanele kube uhlelo olucatshangwe kahle olubheka izintshisekelo zelungu ngalinye lomndeni. Ukusebenziseka nobuhle lapha kuhlobene kakhulu.
Lapho ukhetha uzungu, ngaphandle kwezindleko zawo, kuyadingeka ukunaka izimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezilandelayo: Ukutholakala kwezokuxhumana, ukutholakala kwezokuxhumana kwezobunjiniyela (amanzi, igesi, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, indle yezemvelo esifundeni , uhlobo lokuthuthuka kwezindawo ezingomakhelwane. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlela insimu ngendlela yokuthi kunezindawo ezintathu ezinemibandela ezisebenzayo: indawo yokuhlala, ngendlu, imibhede yezimbali, amakhona okuphumula; Ingadi Ingadi; Abendlu, nge-hozblock, ukugeza kanye negumbi lokugezela (uma bengekho endlini), umqoqi kadoti. Ukubuka okufanele nakho kubhekisisa ukuqondiswa ezinhlangothini zokukhanya (ngokwesibonelo, indawo yezomnotho ingcono ukuyibeka enyakatho), impumuzo nobukhulu bendawo, umoya wasukuma. Kepha konke lokhu kamuva, ngoba unjiniyela onekhono endaweni yefa lakhe elizayo ecela ama-Geodesists.
"Futhi lapha bathola insimu enkulu ..."
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ze-geriya yaseRussia namuhla yisimo esidabukisayo senethiwekhi esekelayo ye-Geodesic (inethiwekhi yezinto zokuqala ezigcina izixhumanisi nokunikeza isikhala esisodwa sokuxhumanisa). Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlangano eziningi ngaphandle kokuthola izimpawu zamasethenjwa, lapho zithuthukisa amaphrojekthi, zibopha izifundo, indawo enqunyelwe. Umphumela uyamangalisa lapho ngemuva kokuthenga isakhiwo sezwe, unjiniyela ufunda ukuthi othile ungowomuntu. Ngakho-ke "uthukuthele" uhlelo lokuhlanganisa okunemibandela, nombuzo wobunikazi esimweni esinjalo uyakwazi ukuxazulula inkantolo kuphela, lapho ama-geodesi azophikiswa njengongochwepheshe.
Kungakho-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho kukhulunywa ngokuthengisa kwesiza, ngokushesha kufanele kube kubizwe ngochwepheshe ukwenza ucwaningo lwe-topographic. Kuyadingeka, noma ngabe isihloko sokuthengiselana sisemdala ngeminyaka ekhona ngemingcele. Njengoba wazi, ama-compariots ethu athanda ukuhambisa uthango, futhi uma umkhawulo we- "ugqoke" wake wamukelwa umugqa wokuqala, wabe eseshintsha, akunakwenzeka ukubikezela imiphumela. Ubukhulu besayithi empeleni bungaba ngaphansi kwalokhu okushiwo, futhi uma umhlaba usendaweni ehlonishwayo, khona-ke umehluko ngonyaka wamakhulu ama-2-3 uzophenduka abe yimali enkulu.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe engqondweni yokuthi ukudubula okuphezulu, kwenza ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu edlule, kubhekwa njengokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Lo mthetho uphathelene nalezo zimo lapho kwenziwa inhlolovo, kodwa kamuva kwakhiwa futhi akwakhiwa. Akekho umklami kanembeza ozoqala umsebenzi, ngaphandle kokuba necebo le-topographic lesayithi elakhiwe nge-toodesist topographist esekelwe kwimiphumela yokudubula. Lolu hlelo luyimodeli yedijithali yendawo, evumela ukuthi ukubala indawo yokwakha, umthamo wenhlabathi ekhethwe ngaphansi kwe-pita, faka kahle indlu empumuzo ekhona, dala iphrojekthi yendawo.
Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kwecebo le-topographic lokusebenza kwe-geodesist akunqunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususwa kwephrojekthi kwemvelo nokunakekelwa kokwakha kufanele kwenziwe ekugcineni kwayo, ngaphakathi kohlaka lokulawulwa kwe-Geodesic, kwenziwa inhlolovo enkulu (imiphumela yayo irekhodiwe kwiphasiphothi yokwakha). Konke lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba kwesinye isikhathi abakhi bahlobana kakhulu nemininingwane yephrojekthi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, indlu "ingahambisa" amamitha ambalwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba ukulungisa indawo enembile yokuxhumana ngaphansi komhlaba, okuwusizo lapho uqhuba umsebenzi olandelayo wokulungisa noma ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezingeziwe. Ekusebenzeni, ilungiselelo langempela lezokuxhumana livame ukuqoshwa, futhi izixhumanisi zazo eziyisibonelo ("imitha ezintathu kusuka eposini eliseduze") zinqunywa ("imitha yezintathu kusuka ensikeni" eseduze ", zingcwatshwe futhi ... ziye zangcwatshwa ... ukhohliwe ngokuphepha.
Insimu yendawo kuhlelwa ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo ezimbili ezisebenzayo - yokuhlala nakwezomnotho.
1- indlu;
Amakamelo ama-2;
3-parade;
4 - Indawo yokugcina;
I-5th driveway;
6-utshani;
7- Ipulatifomu yokumisa ilineni;
8- umqoqi kadoti
Ukusekelwa kumele kuthembeke
Uhlobo oluphelele lweSisekelo lukhethwa ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwama-geopode. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngochwepheshe abazonquma ukuthi ngeke basongelwa yini indlu yokuba yize, okwakhiwa ngenxa yokuguguleka okungaphansi komhlaba ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukusungula umthamo wokuphambana wenhlabathi, lapho enza khona ukumba kokuhlolwa ngamaphuzu ambalwa azungeze umngcele wendlu eklanywe indlu eklanywe. Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukubeka ukwakhiwa engxenyeni ephansi noma esihlabathini futhi kulokho futhi kwesinye isimo kuzodingeka kuqinise isisekelo ngqo.
Ngokuvamile, ngoba uhlobo lomhlabathi luzobe lusekhaya, amandla alo nokuqina kwawo kuya. Inhlabathi enenkinga enkulu, ye-peat kanye nenhlabathi. Muva nje, kwakhiwa izisekelo ezivela ezinhlungwini zokhonkolo eziqinisiwe, ezivalelwe emhlabathini ekujuleni okungu-4 kuye ku-15m, enhlabathini "enhle". Emhlabathini obuthakathaka, kanye nangobuso obuseduze kwamanzi, isakhiwo sibekwe ku-slab ukhonkolo okuqinisiwe, okusebenza njengohlobo lwe- "raft". Inhlabathi yesihlabathi idinga ukufakwa kwamabhulokhi kakhonkolo.
"Imvamisa emaphephandabeni, ephendula izibonelo zokwakhiwa okungaphumelelanga, ukukhononda: lapho, akukho nhlabathi embi," kusho uMaxim Novikov, onjiniyela obukhulu benkampani "i-geometer". "Lokhu akunjalo Kuliqiniso! Ukwakha cishe yonke indawo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, isakhiwo kufanele sisuselwe esisekelweni esifanele. Ukuba nakho, imiphumela yocwaningo lwe-Geodesic, imininingwane yokuthi amanzi asemhlabathini, kungenzeka ukuthi akwenze kanjani umklamo owenziwe kahle kwesisekelo. Uma uthanda le ndawo ngenxa yesidingo sokwenza isisekelo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwakha, izindleko zokwakha zingathuthukiswa. Kukhuphuka kakhulu, kungcono ukungabimba imali eyengeziwe emhlabeni, kepha ukukhetha enye ipulazi , yize amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka kokuqala, kepha ngenhlabathi efanelekile. "
Ukwakheka kwesisekelo nokwakhiwa kwendlu kuyinto efiselekayo ukufeza esikhathini esisodwa sokwakha.
1- indlu;
Indlu engu-2;
Isakhiwo esingu-3;
4- Ipulatifomu ye-barbecue;
Insimu engu-5 yomthunzi;
I-6 - Reservoir;
7- Alpinarium;
8- Izithelo Ingadi;
Ipulatifomu yeholide le-9
Izincwadi zedesktop zonjiniyela
Kukhona uhlu lonke lwamadokhumenti alawulayo elawula ukuthuthukiswa kweziza zomhlaba. Okokuqala, kuyinto ehlanganyelwe 11-106-97 "Inqubo yokwakha, ukuxhumanisa, ukuvunywa kanye nokwakheka kwemibhalo yokwakha yokwakha insimu yezakhamizi (zezwe) zezakhamizi." Okwesibili, i-SNIP 30-02-97 "Ukuhlela nokwakha insimu yenhlangano yezakhamizi (yezwe) yezakhamizi, izakhiwo nezakhiwo." Le mibhalo emibili yokusondelana inokuqukethwe okuhlukile ngokuphelele (ku-SNIP 30-02-97, imibuzo eyinhloko igxiliwe, futhi kwi-venture ehlanganyelwe 11-106-97-97-97- %- $ Amandla ahlukile asemthethweni: Imigomo ye-SNIP 30-02-97 iyadingeka ukuze yenziwe, kanye ne-venture ehlanganyelwe 11-106-97 "Sungula izinhlinzeko ezinconyiwe entuthukweni nasekuhlinzekweni" kwe-SNIP 30-02-97.Ukuqala ukuhlelwa kwesiza, kuyadingeka ukubheka izidingo zezigaba 6.7 no-6.8 Snip 30-02-97, ukulawula okulandelayo kwezinkambiso zokuhlanzeka nezilwane:
Amabanga amancane emngceleni wendawo engadini engomakhelwane: kusuka esakhiweni sokuhlala (noma ekhaya) - 3m, kusuka ekwakhiweni kokuqukethwe kwemfuyo emincane nenkukhu- 4m, kwezinye izakhiwo, 1m; kusuka ezingqondweni zezihlahla ezinde - 4m, middleling, 2m, kusuka esiswini- 1m;
Ibanga phakathi kwendlu nomngcele wendawo engomakhelwane lilinganiswa kusuka esisekelweni sendlu noma odongeni lwendlu (ngokungabikho kwesisekelo), uma izakhi zendlu (erker, umpheme, i-idr) Ungenzi ngaphezu kwe-50cm kusuka endizeni yodonga. Uma benza ngaphezu kwe-50cm, ibanga lilinganiswa kusuka ezingxenyeni ezivelelayo noma ekuqageleni phansi (i-cansopy ye-console yophahla olutholakala kwizakhi zekholomu ze-idr yesibili ye-idr yesibili ye-idr yesibili ye-idr yesitezi yesibili);
Lapho kwakhiwa esizeni sezakhiwo zezomnotho, ezisebangeni le-1m ukusuka emngceleni wengadi engomakhelwane, ophahleni kufanele luthambekele kwisiza salo. Amabanga amancane aphakathi kwezakhiwo yilezi: kusukela ekhaya nasezikhaleni kuya egumbini lokuphumula nezakhiwo zokuqukethwe kwezinkomo nezinyoni ezincane - 12m, kuya eshawini, okugeza (saunas) - 8m; Kusuka emthonjeni kuya endlini yangasese kanye ne-compost, 8m.
Lapho ukhetha iphrojekthi, udinga ukubheka ukuqondiswa kwesiza ezinhlangothini zokukhanya. Okomkhakha owodwa, ungagxili egumbini lokuhlala elingaphezu kwelilodwa emakhaya amabili egumbini lokulala, amakamelo amabili okuhlala emakhaya amathathu namakamelo amane, amakamelo amathathu ezindlini ezinhlanu nezinamakamelo amahlanu. Okuhle kakhulu ukuqondiswa kwaseningizimu naseningizimu mpumalanga. Lapha, izingane namakamelo okulala zivame ukuhlomeka: ekuseni, ngemuva kobusuku obumnandi, izakhiwo zihlehliswe kahle futhi zifudumele, futhi kusihlwa zifudumele.
Indlu ingcono ukubeka i-facade emgwaqweni. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokwakha kude ne-4-6m ukusuka emngceleni wesayithi. Kulokhu, kuzokwazi ukuvikela i-facade kusuka othulini nasemsindo womgwaqo onokuhlobisa okuluhlaza okotshani.
U-Olga Gavrilova, uprofesa ohambisana noMnyango we-GeoDest wase-Russian University of Persion.
"Wonke umuntu unamahlazo amaningi wakamuva ahambisana nesidingo soMnyango Wezemvelo ukudiliza izakhiwo eziyimfihlo ezitholakala endaweni yezindawo ezivikela amanzi. Njengoba wazi, le nkinga ithinte hhayi izakhamizi ezijwayelekile kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinkanyezi zebhizinisi lombukiso. Ukwahlulela ngesimo esichaziwe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zidingo zizoqiniswa kuphela. Ngakho-ke ungabeki engcupheni isiphetho sefa lakho elizayo. Okuningi kuhlakaniphe kakhulu ukuze uzivikele kusengaphambili, ubuke isiphetho esemthethweni sochwepheshe benkonzo ye-Geodesic. "
Ikhaya lami liyinqaba yami?
Ngenxa ye-lihilism yezomthetho yezakhamizi zethu, iningi lezakhiwo ezisezindaweni ezisetshenziswa ngokungemthetho, ngaphandle kwezimvume ezidingekayo nezinhlaka nezimo zikahulumeni ezifanele. Konke lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni yezomthetho engathandeki kakhulu yabanikazi bezindlu ezinjalo, kuze kube ekudilizweni kwezinhlaka. Kungakho okokuqala kudingeka uthole imvume, bese kuthi kuphela lapho uqhubeka nokwakha.
Inqubo yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esihlala endaweni yokuhlala esifundeni saseMoscow inqunywa ezenzweni zokwakhiwa kwezwe lesifunda saseMoscow, ukwakheka, inqubo yokuthuthuka, ukuxhumanisa kanye nokuvunywa kwemibhalo yephrojekthi yokwakhiwa kwezindlu eziphansi zokwakhiwa kwezindlu eziphansi Isifunda saseMoscow (TSN PMS-97 mo) "(evunyelwe yisimemezelo sikahulumeni esifundeni saseMoscow N 28/9 kaMashi 30, 1998).
Insimu yendawo yahlelwa ngendlela yokuthi indlu, izakhiwo zokugeza nezomnotho zathatha uhlangothi lwensimu yensimu - kude nomgwaqo. Ingadi yemifino enemibhede ne-greenhouse nayo ifihliwe. Uhlangothi lwesokunene lunikezwa ezitshalweni zokuhlobisa.
1- indlu;
2 - Ukugeza;
Isakhiwo esingu-3;
4-utshani;
Insimu yesi-5;
I-6 - Reservoir;
Isiteji samaholide esingu-7;
8- Izithelo Ingadi;
9 - abamba ukushisa;
10- Terrace
Iphakethe elidingekayo kule nqubo lemibhalo linganikeza ikhasimende ngenkampani yezakhiwo nezokwakha anayo inkontileka. Kulokhu, ukuthola imvume, kuzokwanela ukuthumela incwadi eya egameni lomakhi oPhethe noma inhloko yabaphathi bendawo.
Njengommeli ophezulu wenkampani "Yuro-Service", u-Andrei Grischenkov, waphawula, ngisho nasekupheleni kokwakhiwa, kusekuseni ukuhalalisela ngezindaba. Ekuqaleni, kufanele kukhishwe ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwano bawo ne-Technory Inventory Bureau (BTI) bese ibhalisa indlu ngokuyethula kwirejista yombuso wezakhiwo nezakhiwo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-BTI ngeke inikeze isiphetho sayo kuze kube kuphela ukuphela komsebenzi. Into evumayo ingabhekwa njengengabhekwa ngisho nokuntuleka kwamapeni eminyango ye-Multi-Storey Mansion. Kepha ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwerejista yombuso, ikhasimende alitholi nje kuphela isimo somninikhaya, kodwa futhi nesibopho sokuhloniphana sokukhokha intela yezezakhiwo, njengoba ngokuya ngomthetho wamanje, intela idlulise ukubhaliswa kombuso, intela yempahla ayikhokhiswa.
Maxim Novikov, unjiniyela omkhulu wenkampani ye-geometor:
"Ukuntuleka kolwazi mayelana nenhlabathi kungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele. Isisekelo esakhiwe ngokungalungile esingahambelani nalolu hlobo lomhlabathi nesakhiwo, ukujula okucacisiwe okucacisiwe kokugeza inhlabathi kuyakwazi ukuguqula iqiniso lokuthi iminyango izohanjiswa ngaphakathi Indlu yokhuni, iwela amafreyimu efasitela, nasezitini, kuvela imifantu ezindongeni kuzoqala inqubo yokubhubhisa izakhiwo zokwakha. "
Abahleli bayabonga i-geometer LLC, i-JURO-Service CJSC, ochwepheshe benhlangano ye-Federal for Construction and House kanye nezinsizakalo zomnyango woMnyango we-geodist of the geodian University of the russion University .