Ukubuyekezwa kwemishini yokudla kokushisa kokudla - Amadivayisi awusizo angancishiswa ukuvumela inhliziyo yendoda.
Ama-Kettles kagesi anamuhla, mhlawumbe umbono omkhulu kakhulu wemishini yasendlini, equkethe amakhulukhulu amamodeli
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlungu zanamuhla akuguquki kuphela ekudleni kokudla, kepha futhi nesiko lakudala lokudla
Ama-grill anamuhla afakiwe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abeka esikhundleni sepani elijwayelekile lokuthosa futhi andise umbuthano wokunambitha wokunambitheka kwamaRussia
Izinhlobo eziningi zemishini yasekhishini (noma ngabe amakekithi, abenzi bekhofi, amaqanda noma amathosta) bayakuhleleka ukuthi bathole ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke
Ukusuka ekwakhiweni komcabango kwe-kettle kuncike ekutheni kuzoba lula kanjani ukuwugcina esindweni samanzi agcwele
Ama-torosters athile anamazinga okushisa ama-buns
Ama-oveli we-microwave afakwa ngokuqinile empilweni yethu, okwaqala ukukhiqizwa ngendlela yemishini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ekhishini.
I-PIN Grill ilungele ngoba ingahle ithobe izingcezu ezincane zokudla, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi zehluleka ngokusebenzisa i-grille
Ukuze kube lula, ama-FRYS ahlome ngesitsha ngenhlanganiso enganamatheli kanye nokufakelwa kwecala
Iwindows enkulu ye-Fryer, kube lula ukulandela ukulungiswa kwamazambane
I-mini-isithando noma ama-rosters ekwakhiweni kwayo, emuncy kuma-microwave, ama-oveni kanye nama-grill
Cishe wonke ama-Bakery avezwe emakethe ayakwazi "ukulungiselela ngesiRussia" - Kunezinhlelo zokulungiswa kwezinkwa ezijwayelekile zamaRussia
I-Culinary Culinary Culinary Culinary izothanda ama-Jerineheads abakwazi ukulungiselela hhayi kuphela isinkwa sosayizi abaningi nezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa futhi nenhlama, kanye ne-jam
Ifomu eliyindilinga le-Working Chamber likuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule kakhulu ivolumu ewusizo yesitofu (kuze kufike ku-34L)
"Ukuzithoba" komlilo, ngokungangabazeki, sekuyinye yezimpumelelo ezinkulu emlandweni wesintu. Umlilo wavumela abantu basendulo ukuthi bangagcini nje ngokuhlukana kakhulu imenyu yaso, kodwa futhi nokukhipha amandla okudla, bakubeke ngosuku olunzulu. Amatshe amatshe nama-soybeans appling armal armal afakiwe kwezindlela eziningi zokupheka.
Amadivaysi obuchwepheshe wokucutshungulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwesisindo sokudla, kepha akubona bonke abathi "wusizo ngokulinganayo." Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo efanayo ye-Culinary ingenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ngosizo lwemishini ehlukene. Thatha okungenani ukubilisa. Kungenzeka ukubilisa amanzi esitofu, nakwi-kettle kagesi, nasesihlotsheni se-microwave, futhi ngisho nasemshinini wekhofi, okuhlomele inketho "ukupheka amanzi abilayo". Kepha umuntu okhetha itiye elisha, ukuthengwa kwemishini yekofi ngama- $ 500-700 ngenhloso yamanzi abilayo, kungaba yintokozo ethandekayo ngokungadingekile. Iphathi eliqinile, abanikazi abaningi baziqhayisa ngokuthi "amasu okugcina" esingu "Isimangaliso - i-Wafelnitz" kanye namadivayisi afanayo avame ukwethulwa njengesipho ezihlotsheni bese kuthi iminyaka eminingi embozwe uthuli endaweni ethile ekhishini eliphakeme IKhabhinethi. Imvamisa, kulokhu, abanikazi bawa squall squall squall of critics ngaphandle kwanoma yini engeyona into kungeyona into engekho, bathi, "bathenge, futhi waba nakanjani!" Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana sizozama ukwenza isibukezo esifushane sengxenye ebanzi yemishini yasekhishini eyenzelwe ukwelashwa kokushisa kokudla, futhi ukugqamisa lezo zikhathi ukuthi zinake.
Kusukela inkathi yokuvukelwa kwezimboni, ubuchwepheshe bokufudumeza ukudla kanye nezitsha zasekhishini ezisetshenziselwa lokhu zishintshe kakhulu. Ekuqaleni xviiiv. I-popper-boilers yavela, izindlela ezintsha zokufaka izithelo ngesiraphu kashukela (i-jam kanye nama-compotes), ku-XIX. - Amapuleti ekhishini, bese kuthi ugesi (1880) nogesi (1890). Ab xxv. Lonke i-avalanche yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe ezakhiwe ekhishini lethu: ama-grill kagesi, ama-kettle, ama-avers, ama-oveni ama-microwave ... amanye ala madivayisi, afake ama-porasters, afakwe ukusetshenziswa "ngokungathi sína isikhathi eside." Abanye abakakatholi ukusaba ngokweqile (ngokwesibonelo, ama-yogurtnits noma amaqanda). Izinto ze-Avch ngokuvamile zithathwa njengezivakashi eziningi zabavakashi cishe ukusungulwa okubaluleke kakhulu ekhishini kwazo zonke izikhathi nakwabantu ...
"Isiteshi ngasinye kufanele sibilise ..."
Ama-kettle kagesi awawona amasu abizayo - Izinto ezithengiswayo zitholakala ngentengo engu- $ 10 kuya ku- $ 100. Imikhiqizo yemikhiqizo edumile (kulabo abangafaka i-Bosch yaseJalimane, i-Rowenta, Braun, krups, i-Nokia, isi-French Mouleinex, i-Spanish Ufesa, isiNgisi uPhilips) imvamisa ibiza u- $ 25-50, futhi Kufuywayo kanye "nokufika" kusuka eSoutheast Asia, cishe izikhathi ezi-2 ezishibhile. Amapharamitha afana nosayizi we-kettle adla kubo, ukwakheka kwe-helix yokushisa kuthinta intengo. Amadivaysi amaningi avezwa ekuthengisweni anevolumu kusuka kumalitha ayi-1 kuye kwa-2 futhi, ngokufanele, amandla asuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 kW. Amandla amaningi, ngokushesha amathumba amanzi. Ake sithi, ngesimo se- "esihle" sinomthamo we-2 kW, kuzothatha cishe imizuzu emi-3 ukuletha ilitha eli-1 lamanzi ama-ecry kumathumba avubilika, okwenza amanzi okubilisa ngemizuzu emi-4) . Kuyiqiniso, "I-Chaff" yamandla aphezulu ayadingeka nge-grid yamandla asekhaya. Izakhiwo ezingajwayelekile zenethiwekhi yakudala yokwakha zenzelwe umthwalo omkhulu we-2,5 kW futhi zingakwazi ukumelana nokuvalwa okuvalekile kokuvalwa kukagesi ngamandla ama-3 kW. Kulesi simo samanje, lapho ukulayisha ngokweqile "kuzokhetha ama-plugs, i-wiring kungenzeka ebubini kakhulu.Ukufudumala kumakekithi kagesi, i-helix yenye yezinhlobo ezimbili ingasetshenziswa: Vula (yenziwe ngesimo se-tubular kagesi heture, efihlwe ngaphansi kwethangi eligcwele amanzi) ). Zombili lezi zinketho zinezinzuzo zazo nokubi. Ama-Ketails ane-evulekile eshibhile, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kuphakeme. Kepha amadivaysi anjalo (futhi, ikakhulukazi, abayishumi) abanzima ukuzihlanza ezikalini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvunguza lapho kuvulwa kufanele kubhajwe ngokuphelele emanzini, ngaphandle kwalokho kumane kunesibindi. Amathuluzi anento efudumele eyakhelwe ezansi, 10-15% ebiza kakhulu, kepha kulula ukuyihlanza futhi kungafakwa cishe kungenalutho (ngokoqobo kusuka ku-50-100 g wamanzi). Kubaluleke kakhulu ngokuqaphela i-teapot nge-thermtec disc futussing element (imodeli HD 4653 kusuka kuPhilips). Lapha, i-heater iyindawo ephakeme yensimbi uqobo, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukuthi amanzi abilayo abilayo futhi ngasikhathi sinye, uma kunesidingo, akwazi ukuhlanza.
I-Electrocarirs ihluka futhi ezixhumi zedivayisi. Namuhla, amamodeli 'anentambo "axhunywe ngqo emzimbeni athathwa njengezimisele ngokuziphatha. Akukhululeki ukusebenzisa idivaysi enjalo, itiye elihlanzekile, lingabekwa ngendebe, ushukela noma irosette ngejamu. Ngakho-ke, kumadivayisi wanamuhla, intambo yamandla inamathele database lapho kufakwa khona i-kettle. Futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokusekelwa: ngokulungiswa okuqinile kwe-kettle kanye nokufakwa kwayo kwamahhala. Ukulungiswa okuqinile kwenziwa ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezembatho zama-grooves kanye nokuphumula ezindlini nasekumisweni. Lokhu "kwakudala" ukumbona, okubonakaliswa ukwethenjwa nokulula kwe-design (kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli abiza kakhulu). Okudumile kakhulu namuhla ukufakwa kwamahhala. Kulokhu, isixhumi senziwa ngesimo se-PIN, esisenkabeni yendawo eyindilinga (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Central Stop) - I-kettle ifakwa kuyo njenge- "bagel" kwiphiramidi yezingane. Ngomklamo onjalo, izindlu kulula kakhulu ukuzifaka endaweni bese ususa kuyo, futhi uma kunesidingo, ziphendukela ohlangothini olufunayo.
Lapho ukhetha imodeli efanelekile, kufanele unake isibambo sedivayisi kanye nekhala. Isibambo kumele singabi se-non-slip futhi silungele umuntu ngaphandle komzamo wokubamba i-kettle egcwele amanzi. Ikhala lingcono ukukhetha okukhulu ngokwanele. Bheka ukuthi ngabe izindlu zilinganise (zisezandleni Akufanele yini "ziwe" phambili, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzokuthatha yini ukuphawula). Into ewusizo - inkomba yokufakwa. Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-kettle cishe ayikho umsindo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ngabe ukufudumeza kwaqala, akuhlali kuphumelela ngaphandle kokukhanyisa i-bulb. Isikhombi kufanele sibonakale kungakhathalekile ukuthi indawo yedivayisi esendaweni (noma ibekwe ezinhlangothini zombili zecala, njengasemodeli ye-HD 4653 evela kuPhilips). I-Avot iyi-wire emfushane (engaphansi kwe-1m) yama-ketties kagesi ibhekwa njengento evamile - amathuba amancane ukuze alimaze ngengozi ngemuva kwawo futhi athulule amanzi abilayo.
Phakathi kwamamodeli avezwe emakethe, ngithanda ukugqamisa i-NC-30HP kusuka kuPanasonic. Amanzi kule kettle ngemuva kokubilisa angahlala ngaso sonke isikhathi esishisayo (ngokushisa kwe-98c) ngenxa yeflask-thermos kanye nedivayisi yokushisa ezenzakalelayo. Idijithali yokulondolozwa kokushisa idivaysi idla kuphela ama-watts angama-41 kagesi ngehora. Amavolumu ahlaba umxhwele amalitha ama-3, okungukuthi, okungenani amahlandla ayi-1.5 ngaphezu kwezimbangi. Kuliqiniso, intengo yalesi simangaliso ilungele, cishe ama- $ 100.
| Umenzi | Imodeli yegama | Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, w | Ivolumu, L. | Idivaysi yento yokushisa | Ulwazi Olwengeziwe | Intengo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Bork (Germany) | Ke sp 1017. | 2200. | 1,7 | Vula | Icala lepulasitiki, inkomba yokufaka | 17. |
| Bosch. | I-TWUS 7301. | 3000. | 1,7 | Kucashile (ngaphansi kwepuleti lensimbi) | Ukufakwa kanye nenkomba yezinga lamanzi, i-thermostat ebilayo, isihlungi sokulinganisa, inkinobho yokuvula ikhava, ukuxhumana okuphakathi | 44. |
| Braun. | Wk 210. | 2200. | 1,6 | -Cashile | Inkomba yokufakwa kanye nezinga lamanzi, hlunga kusuka esikalini, ukunamathela kwento yokushisa - insimbi engenasici, ukuxhumana okuphakathi | 40. |
| De`longhi. | KBX 2014. | 2000. | 1,7 | Kucashile (ngaphansi kwepuleti lensimbi) | Icala lensimbi, inkomba yokufaka kanye nezinga lamanzi, isihlungi se-scale, ukuxhumana okuphakathi | 76. |
| Krups. | I-Aquasty F854. | 2000. | 1,7 | -Cashile | I-Case ne-Stainless yokushisa insimbi yokushisa, ukuhlunga, inkomba yamandla, ukuxhumana okuphakathi | 70. |
| Moulinex | Ama-vistily. | 2200. | 1.5 | -Cashile | Icala lepulasitiki, hlunga kusuka esikalini, inkomba yokufaka | 33. |
| Incwadi yephanasonic | NC-30HP. | 700. | I-3.0 | -Cashile | I-Teapot Thermos, ukulungiswa kwamanzi okuzenzakalelayo ekushiseni kwe-98C, ukuxhumana okuphakathi | 100 |
| UPhilips. | HD 4653. | 2400. | 1,7 | -Cashile | Isihlungi sezinyathelo ezintathu kusuka ku-Isilinganiso 3 Sicacile, Izindlu ezingenazinhlangothi ezibunjiwe, inkomba yezinga lamanzi amabili, ukuvikelwa ngokweqile, inkomba yamandla, ukuxhumana okuphakathi | 40. |
| I-Rowenta. | Ke 806. | 2400. | 1,7 | Ifihliwe (ipuleti lensimbi elingagqwali) | Hlunga kusuka esikalini, inkomba yamanzi ahlangane kabili, inkomba yamandla, inkinobho yokuvula ikhava, ukuxhumana okuphakathi | amashumi amahlanu |
| Scarlett (e-United Kingdom) | SC-1025. | 2200. | I--2.0 | Vula nge-chrome plated | Icala lepulasitiki, inkomba yezinga lamanzi, ukuhlunga | 24. |
| Nokia. | I-TW 50506. | 2000. | 1.5 | -Cashile | Ukufakwa okuvinjelwe ngokungabikho kwamanzi kanye nesembozo esivulekile, isihlungi esivela esikalini, inkomba yenkomba yokukhanya endandatho, othintana naphakathi | 45. |
| Tefal. | Ekhuluma. | 2200. | 1,6 | -Cashile | "IWindows" esobala ukukhombisa izinga lamanzi, inkomba yamandla, ukuhlunga, ikhava ye-hinge ngelokhi, othintana maphakathi | 39. |
| Ufesa. | Ha 3901 vitreo | 2000. | 1,8. | -Cashile | I-Glass Transparent Tank, inkomba yamandla, ukuxhumana okuphakathi | 45. |
I-toast yokuqala ekuseni kusenesikhathi
I-toaster (njengoba ivela egameni lakhe), udinga abathandi bezingcezu ezigxile ezimpahleni. Ukwakhiwa kwalo okuyisisekelo kulula: kutholakala phakathi kwezinto ezimbili zokushisa ipulatifomu ephansi lapho kufakwa khona izingcezu zesinkwa. Umthombo wokushisa ukhethwa yizinto zokushisa ze-quartz, zigazinga yize zihamba kancane, kodwa ngokulinganayo. Ukuvunguza okujwayelekile kocingo okunokumelana kukagesi okuphezulu kushibhile, kepha esinkwa esinjalo sezitormeter sivutha. Izinga lokugazinga liyalungiswa kusetshenziswa switch enezikhundla eziningi. Unamamodeli akhethekile kusuka ezikhundleni ezi-6 kuye kwayi-9, ziningi, kulula ukukhetha imodi efanelekile.
Ama-TOASTER ahlukaniswe futhi afinyelela "ubukhulu" abaphezulu bezingcezu ezithosiwe. Iningi labakhiqizi libonisa ubukhulu obuphakeme kakhulu besinkwa. Isibonelo, amamodeli we-TAT 1201, i-TT 4610 kusuka ku-Bosch ne-TT 22003 kusuka ku-Nokia aklanyelwe izingcezu ngobukhulu obufinyelela ku-32mm, namamodeli we-AQA1 kanye ne-AQD1 kusuka ku-moulinex- kufika ku-35mm.
Phakathi kwezinsiza ezingeziwe ezikufanele ukuqondisisa ugqoko olubuyiselwe ama-crumbs (kunamamodeli amaningi anamuhla), okwakhiwa ngokungenakugwenywa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-toaster. Kulula kakhulu ukukhipha i-tray futhi kushaywe imvuthuluka kusuka kunokuba kube nokuzama ukuzikhipha ngokuqondile kusuka kudivayisi (kwezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuyihlukanisa). Enye into ewusizo ukugxila okuzenzakalelayo kwezingcezu ngaphambi kokugazinga. Ngenxa yemihlahlandlela eshukumisayo, isinkwa sitholakala ebangeni elilinganayo kusuka ezintweni ezifudumele, kungakhathalekile ukuthi usayizi walo. Ngaphandle kokugxila, ucezu oluncibilikile lugazinga ngokungalingani. Okunye okusha kubizwa ngokuthi abakhiqizi abahlukene ngezindlela ezihlukile: ukuphakanyiswa okuphezulu (Philips), i-Hi Lift (i-Rokenta), "Ukuphakamisa Ukuphakamisa" (Ufesa). Ikuvumela ukuthi ubeke phambili ipulatifomu ngamathoyizi aphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ithathwe kuwo izingxenye ezincane, ngaphandle kokushisa iminwe yakho. I-AV Model HD 2580 (Philips) inikeza inzwa ebuhlungu, enquma ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokulungela ithoyizi.
Ngale ndlela, ngokuphepha. Ama-heater asetshenziswe ku-tosters adala ukushisa okwenziwe ngokwanele, okuthi, ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwensiza, uyakwazi ukukhokhisa isinkwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuwa ngengozi kubantu bangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukugcina idivaysi ingafinyeleleki ezinganeni ezincane ezithanda ukudlala "kumpheki". Akunconywa futhi ukuthi esikhundleni ngqo ngaphezulu kwezinto ezivutha kalula, ezinjengamakhethini e-nylon, uma kusefasiteleni. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi amahlaya abhekisa eqenjini lezinsimbi ezingadala umlilo ngokwelashwa okungafanele. Vele, abakhiqizi bazama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo iphephile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kumamodeli we-HD 2580 (Philips) kanye ne-TT 7915 i-Allegro (Ufesa), kuhlinzekwa ukuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo uma isinkwa sinamathele ngaphakathi. Umnikazi we-Achettle ngengozi akazange athole ukushiswa, izinkampani eziningi zikhiqiza amadivaysi ngendlu efudumele.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi eyengeziwe kufanelekile amachaphaza anamuhla, sisho imodi ekhethekile yokulungiselela amathoyizi avela kwisinkwa eqandisiwe ("efudumele" afudumele, bese ethosiwe ama-buns afudumele. Esimweni sokugcina, idivaysi ifakwe i-lattice ephezulu etholwayo, lapho kufakwa khona ama-buns. I-lattice efanayo isetshenziselwa ukuphulukisa ama-sandwich, kepha khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuqapha uwoyela kakhilimu, ukuncibilika, hhayi ukuwela ngaphakathi kwe-toaster (isinkwa, kufakwe uwoyela, akunakufuduka ngawo wonke).
Izici zokuqhathanisa zamanye amamodeli amathoyizi
| Umenzi | Imodeli yegama | Izici Zokwakhiwa | Intengo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bosch. | Tat 4620. | Icala lokufakwa okushisayo, ukugxila kwe-toast, inkomba yokulungela, i-armostat ye-elekhtronikhi, i-pallet yemvuthuluka, i-defrosting kanye nokushisa ama-buns. Amandla 900W, amagatsha ama-2 we-toast | 42. |
| Krups. | F167. | I-Quartz heater, switch yokushisa nge-elekthronikhi yezikhundla eziyi-7, i-defrosting, i-borving ama-buns, i-ext-lifti, i-pallet yemvuthuluka, izindlu ngokufakwa okushisayo. Amandla 750w, igatsha eli-1 le-toast | amashumi amahlanu |
| Moulinex | Ama-tosdelys. | Ubukhulu obukhulu be-toast - 35mm, 6-send thermostat, i-quartz heating element, izingxenye eziyi-125mm) ngezingcezu zesinkwa ezinkulu. Amandla 950w, igatsha eli-1 le-toast | 33. |
| UPhilips. | I-HD 2580. | Inzwa ye-infrared ukunquma ukulungela kwesinkwa, izindlu ezifakwe ukushisa, i-ext-lifti, i-pallet yemvuthuluka, i-thermostat yezikhundla eziyi-7. Amandla 800W, amagatsha ama-2 we-toast | 60. |
| I-Rowenta. | Bese kuthi u-818. | Icala lokufaka okushisayo, ukugxila kwesilayidi, umsebenzi wokuphakamisa, i-thermostat yezikhundla eziyi-7, i-tray yemvuthuluka, eyakhelwe-in heater yama-buns. Amandla 1000w, amagatsha ama-2 we-toast | amashumi amahlanu |
| Nokia. | Tt 91100. | Izindlu zensimbi ezinomfaki we-thermal, i-quartz heater, isikhungo esizenzakalelayo se-toast, ukushintshwa kwama-elekthronikhi kwezikhundla eziyi-11, khetha izinga lokushisa kusuka ebuqilini besinkwa. Amandla 900W, igatsha eli-1 le-toast | 120. |
| Tefal. | I-Avanti Hi-Speed | Ubukhulu obukhulu be-toast - 35mm, ukugxila kwesinkwa, umsebenzi we-hi lift, thermostat izikhundla ezi-6, ugqoko wemvuthuluka, izindlu ezifakwe ukushisa, ukusekelwa kwezindlu ezifakwe ukushisa, ukwesekwa kwama-buns. Amandla 1200W, amagatsha ama-2 we-toast | 44. |
| Ufesa allegro. | Tt 7915 | Isikhungo esizenzakalelayo sezinzwa, inzwa yangaphakathi yokushisa, ukukhuphula okwengeziwe, ukushintshwa kokushisa kuya ezikhundleni ezi-6, ukuvala lapho kushubula isinkwa. Amandla 850w, amagatsha ama-2 we-toast | 25. |
Abalandeli be-Fried Bevezet
I-grill isetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukushayisana nge-crispy crust yesimilo. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwale ndlela yokusebenza kokudla akunakubangela ukuvunyelwa ohlangothini lokuzenzwa okunempilo. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokupheka inyama ngokwayo ngosizo lwemisebe ye-infrared (thermal) iphephe kakhulu kunokugcotshwa kwamafutha abilayo. Kukhona ama-grill ezinhlobo eziningana: Vula, ujikeleze, othintana naye. I-Open i-heater efakwe ngokuvundlile, embozwe ngegridi lapho inyama esetshenzisiwe ibekwa khona (BB 14 grill kusuka ku-Ufesa, 3055 kusuka ku-EWT, PRC). Ukubhala amamodeli esikhundleni se-lattice kusetshenziswa ukukhafulela okujikelezayo "okuphelele" okugazingiswa kwezingcezu ezinkulu zenyama noma izidumbu zezinyoni. Amadivaysi okuxhumana awanawo ama-lattices - inyama ifakwe ngqo endaweni yokushisa ngenhlamba yokufudumeza (eqinisweni, ihlukile kancane emgomweni wokutholwa epanini). Ama-grill okuxhumana ahlukaniswe ngamafulethi (gr 7450 maxichef kusuka ku-UFESA) futhi agongeke njengencwadi, lapho kuthathwa khona umkhiqizo ngasikhathi sinye kusuka kuzinhlangothi zombili (gr 41, gr 7441 kusuka ku-Ufesa).Imuphi umodeli ongakhetha kuzo kuncike ekukhetheni kwakho kwe-Culion. Amamodeli ane-Grille anikeza ukufinyelela komoya okungcono kakhulu kokudla okulungiselelwe ukudla. Kusontekile kuphenduka i-crispy ebaluleke kakhulu. Kepha kumadivayisi ane-heating, ingasetshenziswa njengepani lokuthosa futhi, uma kunesidingo, gazinga hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izingcezu ezincane zenyama noma imifino, kuma-grill we-barbecue nje awela ku-grille. Kunamadivayisi ahambisanayo asuselwa ku-grill yokuxhumana, efana nemodeli ye-atucio evela ku-tefal. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-grill, isitoreji sikagesi, isitekisi kanye nesikebhe sokubhaka. I-acpatus enjalo yama- $ 85-90 izobiza.
Ifana namadivayisi okuxhumana - "Izincwadi" neRosthera, Sandwich kanye ne-Wafflets. Umehluko phakathi kwazo uyindlela yokusebenza nokushisa ngamandla. Uhlelo lwenzelwe ukufudumeza amasangweji "anoshukela" ngokugcwaliswa, amaphayi, izingxenye ezincane zokudla.
I-Pinnitsy (amamodeli angama-39278, 39262, 39276 kusuka ku-tefal) afana kakhulu nakwi-Design kanye nomgomo wokusebenza kwemfucuza kagesi. Ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo nokulula kuqinisekiswa ngokushisa ngokulinganayo indawo yokusebenza nokunganamatheli. Ama-Pannies ahluka kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye alungiselelwe ama-pancake, futhi kumodeli 39278 kusekhona amandla okushintsha indawo efanelekile (ukuthola ububanzi obuningi noma obuncane). Leli gumbi lifaka nabasebenzi kanye nama-blades okususa ama-pancake enziwe ngomumo.
Enye i-Fryr yedivayisi "egcekeni" abalandeli bamazambane athosiwe. Kuyisitsha sensimbi samafutha zemifino, ebekwa kubhasikidi ngezingcezu zamazambane. Amafutha afudumele (kepha hhayi kumathumba) futhi awasha. Amadivayisi ahlukile ngokwemigomo yokusebenza, engabi namandla kuphela (1.1-2.2 kw), kodwa futhi egumbini lokubhasikidi lamazambane (kusuka kumathangi angama-0.4 kuya ku-1 .5 kuya ku-3l).
Ukukhetha i-fryer, kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuphepha kanye lula ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Okokuphepha, abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngemishini ngendlela eyehlisa ukwethula ngesembozo esimboziwe (ngakho-ke abanikazi baphenduka bavikelekile ekuqothulweni kwamafutha), inkinobho yokukhiya ikhava kanye nokuhle). Ikakhulu qaphela indlela ehlanzekile yokuhlanza ingilazi kwimodeli ye-toukan othomathikhi kusuka ku-moulinex- uma iwindi lagcwala kusuka ngaphakathi (njenge-iwindi futhi kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka), kwanele ukuguqula ifindo lelo ngaphandle kwezindlu, nefasitela le- " UJanitor "uzohlanza iwindi kusuka ngaphakathi. Ukuze kube lula ukucubungulwa kwamazambane ama-fryer, uhlelo lokulungiselela okuzenzakalelayo nge-timer, idivaysi yokuvala nge-toukan okuzenzakalelayo kusuka ku-moulinex) Ngokugcina isidlo esiphekiwe esimweni esifudumele (i-fridelys model timer igcina ifudumele kusuka ku-moulinex).
Akubalulekile kangako ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa nokuhlanza idivaysi (uwoyela wokushiswa akuyona into emnandi kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwezabasebenzi). Ngakho-ke, kumafreyi amaningi, izitsha zamafutha zihlome nge-coating engeyona induku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukususwa. I-ASSETA ingcono lapho kungenzeka ukuthi ikhiphe isembozo, into yokushisa kanye ne-catridge yokuhlunga ngokumelene nephunga (amamodeli anjalo kwesinye isikhathi abizwa nge-Ufesa, i-TFB 3201 evela eBosch). Okunye okulula, kepha idivaysi ewusizo iyi-spout ekhiphekayo yokususwa okuhlanzekile kwe-oyela esetshenzisiwe, efakiwe kwimodeli yemodeli ye-Filtra evela ku-tefal. I-AB Model Toukan okuzenzakalelayo kusuka ku-Moulinex inomsebenzi we-hydroclean, okuvumela ukuthi ugeze ithangi elimbozwe ngamafutha ngaphandle kwalo kusuka ku-fryer, engeza i-solvent enamafutha bese uchofoza inkinobho ehambisanayo .
Ukukhipha amadivaysi (TFB 3201 kusuka eBosch, HD 6153 kusuka kuPhilips, FR 1230, FR 1515, FR 1815, FR 1830, FR 1830 kusuka ku-Ufesa) kusetshenziswe amamodeli amaningi asebenza kahle. Ingxenye emnene, ngaphansi kwento yokushisa, dala indawo ngokushisa kawoyela okuncishisiwe, ngqo imvuthuluka kanye nezingcezu ezincane zomkhiqizo ziqongelela. Ngenxa yalokho, abashisi futhi abanakalisi uwoyela. Ngakho-ke, ihlala inde kakhulu kunokuhlanzeka futhi ilungele ukusebenza. Imizuzu yokwakheka ngukuthi, ngamanani alinganayo amazambane athosiwe, uwoyela onama-30- 40% athululelwa e-fryer enendawo ebandayo.
Kuhle futhi ukuphawula iFrtrunit Fr 1000 (Ufesa), engasetshenziswa njengepani le-fondue (okubizwa ngokuthi yiSwitzerland Dish, lapho izingcezu zesinkwa zidonswa kwingxube yoshizi oncibilikisiwe; noma kunjalo, lapho kukhona ezinye izindlela zokupheka).
Izici zokuqhathanisa zamanye amamodeli we-fryer
| Umenzi | Imodeli yegama | Amandla, w | Ukulayisha amazambane, g | Ukulayisha kawoyela, l | Izici Zokwakhiwa | Intengo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bosch. | Tfb 3201. | 2000. | 1000. | 3. | Ukuba khona kwe- "Zone Cold Zone", okuhlukaniswe ngokuphelele, okungekho emthethweni kwe-thermostat eguquguqukayo ngemodi ekhethekile yokucubungula ukudla okuqandisiwe, kuvuke futhi kwehlise ubhasikidi ngesembozo esivaliwe se-fryer | 114. |
| Moulinex | I-toucan ezenzakalelayo. | 1800. | 1200. | 2,2 | I-thermostat eguqukayo, i-othomathikhi yokuphakamisa kanye ne-dive, ukugeza i-basket, ukuhlanza iwindi lokubuka, ukuxhumeka komsebenzi okuzenzakalelayo hydroclean, hlunga ngokumelene nephunga lokuhlunga okuncane, i-bowl ekhiphekayo nge-coating engeyona innamathiselo | 135. |
| UPhilips. | HD 6123. | 1900. | 1200. | 2,3. | Isikhathi esikhiphekayo sedijithali sokufakwa ngaphandle kwekhishi, isitsha esikhiphekayo ngenhlanganiso enganamatheli bese ufafaza ukuze ukhiphe uwoyela, hlunga ngokuhogela isitsha, iwindi lokubheka, amaphimbo okuvinjelwa ukuslayida | 90. |
| Tefal. | Minute 400. | 950. | 400. | 0.5. | I-Heat Insulation Housing, Inkomba Yenkomba Ekhanyayo, Isikhathi sokushisa - 1 imiz. | 45. |
| Ufesa. | Fr 1230. | 1800. | Ayikho idatha | 3. | Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlangene ngokuphelele, i-Enameled Bowl enendawo ebandayo, i-othomathikhi yebhasikidi yokuphakamisa, isihlungi se-wedging esikhiphekayo | 90. |
| Fr 1000. | 1000. | - | - | Fryer-fondue. Isitsha, ithangi lensimbi elingenasici. Ukushisa kwezindlu ezifakiwe, inkomba yokufakwa kanye nokushisa kawoyela. Qeda. IVolumu 0,5L | 35. |
Hhayi isinkwa esisodwa
Lawa madivayisi avele eRussia muva nje, kepha asevele ekwazile ukuthandwa. Iningi labenzi bezinkwandlweni zezethulwe emakethe - Ukukhiqizwa kwase-Asia: LG (South Korea), Panasonic, Hitachi (Japan). Kusuka ezinkampanini zaseYurophu zinikeza uMoulinex.Njengoba imibukiso yokuzijwayeza, i-bakery iyinto ewusizo kakhulu kulabo abathanda isithando somlilo ngokuvamile nesinkwa ikakhulukazi. Ikakhulu esebenza ezweni, lapho, ngokungafani nedolobha elikhulu, isinkwa esisha asitholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela hhayi kuphela isinkwa, kepha nezinye izingcezu, kanye nokuhlolwa (ngokwesibonelo, nge-pizza) kanye nejamu. Izi-Intungimi zihlinzekwa kusuka ezindlebeni ezine kuya kwezishumi ezizenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe- "Imenyu" ngisho namamodeli avela komunye womenzi angahluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha ithuluzi hhayi kuphela inani eliphelele lezinhlelo ezenzakalelayo - kungcono ufunde ngokucophelela uhlu oluhlongozwayo lokupheka futhi ngokuzimela luhlole ukuheha kwalo. Ngokuzuzisa inzuzo yenzuzo (ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lweRussia Cook kusuka ku-LG), izindlela zalo zenziwa ngokuqondile eRussia, futhi yonke imibhalo yenziwa ngesiRussia, ngakho-ke sisebenzisa le ndlela ikakhulukazi ngesiRussia, ngakho-ke sisebenzisa le ndlela ikakhulukazi. Emisebenzini eyengeziwe, ungabona ubukhona begumbi elikhethekile ukwengeza amantongomane, izithelo nezinye "ukunambitha" esinkwa esilungiselelwe. Isikhathi sokubhaka ingxenye eyodwa yesinkwa, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zayo, amahora angama-2-4.
Imindeni yokudla okunemvelo izokhuphuka nge-yogurtnitz. Lezi zisengajwayelekile ngandlela thile kubantu baseRussia bedivaysi (Yogurta kusuka ku-Moulinex, la Ygourtiere kusuka ku-tefal) ikuvumela ukuba ulungiselele i-yogurt yangempela yasekhaya ngaphandle kwamadayi, esikhundleni sokugcina kanye nezivikelo. Yethula isitsha esifudumele esifana ne-heater yamabhodlela wezingane. Ngaphakathi kufakwe izimbiza ngobisi kanye nengxabano (izingcezu ezi-7-8). Izimbiza zenzelwe lula zihlinzekwa ngesembozo ngosuku kuzo, ngoba impilo yeshalofu le-yogurt yemvelo ayidluli ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Izindleko zamathuluzi- $ 20-35.
I-exotic yethu ihlala namaqanda (Tek 1101 kusuka eBosch, Te 12003 kusuka ku-Nokia). Bakuvumela ukuba kalula futhi ngokushesha ukulungiselela inani elifanele lamaqanda ahlehliswe phansi, agule noma esikhwameni. Amaqanda amanzi angalandwa amaqanda ayi-7. Intengo yokuthengisa yalawa madivayisi ayidluli ku- $ 30- 35.
Izici zokuqhathanisa zamanye ama-gearbox amamodeli
| Umenzi | Imodeli yegama | Izici Zokwakhiwa | Intengo, $ |
| UHitachi. | Hb-e 303 | Izindlela ezi-7 zokusebenza: Isinkwa / Isinkwa esinezithasiselo, isinkwa esisheshayo, isinkwa sikakolweni esiqinile, inhlama ekhethekile ye-pizza, ikhekhe, ujamu, inhlama. Amasayizi ama-3 ahlukene wokuskena: 500, 700 no-900g. Ikhamera nge-coating engeyona induku, i-timer, ama-degree ama-timer wedijithali, ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage drop, amandla 720W | 150. |
| LG. | HB-156JE. | Izindlela ezi-6 zokusebenza: Main, ezikhethekile, ezikhethekile, ezisheshayo, inhlama, ujamu; Izindlela zokupheka zesinkwa ezingama-27, izinketho zokuhlola eziyi-9 nezinketho ezi-6 zeJEMA. Futhi uhlelo lokupheka lwaseRussia, olufaka ezokwelapha-lwesinaphi, ithanga, ukhilimu omuncu, isinkwa se-rye nekhekhe. Amasayizi ama-2 we-Loaf - 450 no-680 g. Ikhamera nge-teflon anti-stick coating, isibali sikhathi se-13h, 3 variant sombala we-crust - ukukhanya okuphakathi, kumnyama, amandla ama-550w | 150. |
| Hb- 206se. | Izindlela ezi-6 zokusebenza: Main, ezikhethekile, ezikhethekile, ezisheshayo, ezisheshayo, inhlama, ikhekhe eliqukethe iresiphi yesinkwa engama-21, izinketho zokuhlola eziyi-9 namakhekhe ayi-6. Futhi uhlelo lokupheka lwaseRussia, olufaka ezokwelapha-lwesinaphi, ithanga, ukhilimu omuncu, isinkwa se-rye nekhekhe. 3 usayizi wokuskena- 450, 680 no-900 g, amandla 550w | 200. | |
| Moulinex | Isinkwa sasekhaya. | 11 Ukubhaka Ungadliwa, amandla okulungisa inhlama nejamu, ama-degree ama-3 we-cortex cortex, ukushisa kwezindlu ezifakiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-non-stick yegumbi lokusebenza, isibali sikhathi, amandla ama-550w | - |
| Incwadi yephanasonic | I-SD-253. | Izindlela zokubhaka eziyi-8, amasayizi ama-3 we-loaf, ukukhetha umbala we-crust, isibali sikhathi, amandla okulungiselela inhlama ne-jam, i-coatial yokupheka, ukubhekisisa ngokweqile kanye nokwehla kwamandla kagesi | 160. |
ama-microwaves
Isikhathi esifushane sokuba khona kwaso, uhhavini we-microwave wadlula "izigaba zokuziphendukela kwemvelo" (mayelana nokuklanywa kwalawa madivayisi kanye nomgomo wokuzikhethela kwabo, umagazini wethu wabhala esihlokweni esithi "I-Trill Burnizhik engahlanganisi") Eminyakeni eminingana edlule, eminyakeni eminingana eyedlule, "Amadivayisi we-Universal" enesethi ephezulu yemisebenzi efihliwe futhi engacabangeki. Kodwa-ke, abanikazi baleyo "microwaves" kwadingeka banqume ukuthi bangahlali kanjani ekhishini elincane elinye idivaysi ngosayizi we-TV. I-IPO PRIT PRIT Idivaysi iphansi kuphela ephansi kuhhavini omuhle.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, injabulo ezungeze izitofu ze-microwave zinothuli. Namuhla zithandwa kakhulu izinhlobo ezi-2 ze- "Microwave". I-oveni yokuqala ye-grill ne-convection esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo efudumele noma evikela imikhiqizo. Amadivayisi anjalo athandwa ngabantu abangabingeli ukupheka okukhethekile ekuphekeni (kukhona nenkulumo ethi "microwave for bachelor"), noma emakhaya lapho kune-oveni enhle yokusebenza. Iqembu lesibili lifaka amadivaysi aklanyelwe ukunxephezela amaphutha.
Amawashi amawashi angaba xhumanisa ukushaya nge-fan, no-grill, yebo hhayi okubili, futhi amabili (aphezulu nangaphansi), njengoba ku-R-770b, r-770b, r-770h, R-777H kusuka ebukhali (R-Japan). Kukhona ithuba lokuhlanganisa izindlela ezimbili zama-grill (phezulu nangaphansi) kanye ne-convection, okukuvumela ukuthi uzuze imodi ye-crispy yovinima, engatholakali ngemodi ejwayelekile ye-microwave nehhavini, kanye naphakathi kakhulu ukugqugquzela umkhiqizo. Yebo, kanye negumbi elisebenzayo ekusebenzeni kwama-microwaves "ama-microwaves" amaningi kungukuthola, ngokwesibonelo, isidlo esine-goose. Kunamamodeli anekhamera eqhathaniswa nengubo yomoya: 34l (MC-8483NL kusuka ku-LG), 37L (M1D3SR, ama-Samsung) kanye ne-42L (NN-C2003S kusuka Panasonic).
Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe ufuna ukuthenga isithando somlilo "sokufudumeza", futhi kulokhu kubalulekile ukuthi igumbi elisebenzayo lingabi lincane kakhulu. Okungenani, ipuleti elikhulu kuyo kufanele lithathe "azikho izinkinga."
Ama-oveli amaningi we-microwave afakwe "iqoqo" le-elekhthronikhi lokupheka, okuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izitsha eziningi kwimodi ezenzakalelayo. Lapha isimo siyafana nangokwezwi, akudingekile ukukhetha idivaysi lapho i-repertoire ibanzi, futhi enye lapho kumiselwe khona imiyalelo edingeka kakhulu. Into eyodwa amazambane noma iphalishi le-buckwheat, futhi elinye, i-saggo noma i-asparagus. Akumangazi ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi bazama ukubheka "izici zokupheka kuzwelonke" futhi banikeze iresiphi isetha ngqo umthengi waseRussia. Lezi zinto, ikakhulukazi, izinhlelo zokupheka zaseRussia (zihlome ngazo zonke izinkampani zenkampani, ngaphandle kwemishini), okubandakanya izindlela zokupheka zamapharishi eziyisisekelo, ezibandakanya ama-porchirge zokupheka, izinkukhu, inkukhu, amakhamera we-napoleon kanye ne-meringue. Esinye isibonelo sokulungiswa kwezitsha zendabuko "Imenyu yaseRussia" kusuka ebukhali. Lapha kwethulwa, ngokwesibonelo, ama-pancake, ama-dumplings, ama-puree kanye namazambane athosiwe, amaqanda athosiwe, ama-dumplings kanye nezihlahla zenkukhu eziyizintandokazi.
Lapho ukhetha "microwave", kufanele unake isembozo segumbi elisebenzayo. Kungaba ngopende noma i-koqweqwe lwawo olujwayelekile, impahla ethuthukisiwe noma insimbi engenacala. Upende yindlela eshibhile, kepha inketho ehlala isikhathi eside itholakala kuma-oveni abiza kakhulu. I-Enamel inokuphikiswa okukhulu kakhulu kwemiphumela emibi, kepha kuyabiza kakhulu. Izambatho ezithembekile ezethembekile ze-Ceramic, njenge- "coatial coatial" kusuka ku-LG kanye ne- "BiocheraChics" kusuka ku-Samsung. Zibonakaliswa ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kanye nezindawo ezibushelelezi eziphakeme, ezisiza okuqukethwe yisithando esihlanzekile. Futhi insimbi ethembekile kakhulu futhi eqinile engenamkhawulo, okusetshenziswa ngokwesiko ngezindlela zobungcweti. Kepha ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kunzima ekuhlanzeni nasekubizeni kakhulu.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi ewusizo evele kumamodeli wakamuva we-Ovens Microwave, kuyadingeka ukusho "ukufudumala inzwa kwezitsha ze-liquid." Kuzokwenziwa kumadivayisi afakwe inzwa ye-Steam (R-870B, R-770B kusuka kubukhali). Kwindlela yamanje, isithando somlilo sinquma isikhathi sokusebenza, kuya ngevolumu yomkhiqizo olungiselelwe, futhi awudingi ukubheka njalo ngaphakathi ukuthola ukuthi isobho lesobho noma inkomishi yetiye elifudumele ngokwanele.
OLUNYE OLUNYE UQHAWULEKILE KAKHULU OKUFANELEKILE KWAMABHODI APHAKATHI. Lobu buchwepheshe bufakwa emgomweni wokulawulwa okuguqukayo kwamandla okukhishwa kwe-microwave emitter. I-Hard Roomboas Sebenzisa ama-Emitters (ama-Magnetonia), asebenza njalo ngamandla aphezulu, futhi ukulawulwa kwamandla ashisayo kutholakala ngenxa yemodi ye-pulse yabo. Ubuchwepheshe be-Inverter bukuvumela ukuthi unciphise kakhulu usayizi wezobuchwepheshe "Ukugcwaliswa" kwesithando somlilo futhi, ngokufanele, wandise amandla eChamber esebenzayo. Kuliqiniso, kukhona amamodeli we-inverter abiza kakhulu kunama-microwaves "ajwayelekile.
Sifingqa isibuyekezo sethu, sifuna ukukhumbula futhi: Cha, ngisho necebo eliphelele kakhulu alikwazi ukuzilungiselela ukudla. Ngakho-ke, ungalindi izimangaliso futhi ungachithi imali ethembeni le- "Life New kusuka ngoMsombuluko." Labo abavame ukulungiselela ama-dumplings sakusihlwa noma amaqanda aqhekeziwe, izinto zasekhishini zisiza kancane.
Izici zokuqhathanisa zezinhlobo ezithile ze-Microwave Stove Models
| Umenzi | Imodeli yegama | Ivolumu yegumbi, l | Ukuhlangana kwezangaphakathi | Imisebenzi eyengeziwe | Intengo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Bork. | W 3040. | ishumi nanhlanu | - | Ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi, isikhathi, imodi ye-defrost, ukuvinjwa okuvela ezinganeni | 90. |
| Daewoo (South Korea) | KOR-634r. | amashumi amabili | Penda | Ukulawula kokuthinta, Isikhathi, Ukuxhumeka kweBeep | 95. |
| LG. | MC-8483NL | 34. | Insimbi engagqwali | Igumbi elingaphakathi eliyindilinga (indawo ewusizo inyuswa kakhulu). I-Ghop, i-convect, isikhathi, i-push-inkinobho control, ukusatshalaliswa komfaniswano kwama-microwaves aphangeave, ikhamera backlight, ukunqanyulwa kwe-beep. Uhlelo "Cook Russian" (izindlela eziyi-16), amandla okupheka umbhangqwana | 700. |
| I-Rolsen (Russia-South Korea) | Nks-1775 m | 17. | Koqwel | Lawula Mechanical, Weight 14kg | 70. |
| Samsung (South Korea) | M187mnr. | 23. | Koqwel | Ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi, isibali sikhathi, i-steamer, izindlela "zokudlela", "Hlobisa kanye nephalishi", "iresiphi oyithandayo" (ukufakwa kwezinhlelo) (Ukufakwa kwezinhlelo) (Ukufakwa kwezinhlelo) | 130. |
| Bukhali. | I-65STR. | ishumi nesishayagalombili | Koqwel | Ghop, izinhlobo eziyi-8 zezinhlelo zokupheka ezenzakalelayo, ukuguqula nokufudumeza, izindlela ezi-4 ezenzakalelayo ze-defrost, ukulandelana kwezinhlelo zokupheka izitsha zokupheka (izinyathelo ezi-3), isibali sikhathi | 225. |
| Incwadi yephanasonic | NN-C781J. | 28. | Insimbi engagqwali | Isilawuli se-Inverter, Ukuthinta Okuzenzakalelayo / Ukufudumeza phezulu, grill, i-convect, isikhathi, i-aultor defrost, ibhulokhi ye-automatic in defrost e-Russian, umnyango weresiphi (ukumelana nememori yerejiphelo | 330. |
