I-Attic endlini yezwe - ungayenza kanjani igumbi elincane ngaphansi kophahla olufudumele futhi olunethezekile.
Kufanele ibekwe kusengaphambili kanye nokuqokwa kwezindlu zasendlini. Iwindi lokulala livame ukufuduka empumalanga, iwindi lendawo yokuhlala - entshonalanga, iwindi leKhabhinethi - INyakatho
Umbhoshongo wezindaba ezimbili awugcini nje ngomhlobiso wezakhiwo kuphela, ku-Neo-Ladder e-attic
Isikhala esingaphansi kophahla singakwazi ukwamukela zombili izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye ne-loggia. Uphahla olufudumele olufudumele luvame ukufakwa ngaphezulu kwalo.
Indlela eshibhile yokufakelwa phansi phansi: kusuka ngezansi, ukufakwa kuvaliwe ekungeni kokutholwa komswakama nguPergamin noma Polyethylene
Ngemuva kokubeka ukufakwa ekwakhiweni kophahla oluthambekele, kuvaliwe ngokufakwa kwe-vapor kanye nokuthungwa - okuvame kakhulu "ukufakwa". Imivimbo phakathi kwezindwangu zezinto zokufakwa kwe-vapor kufanele kube yitheyipu
Lapho kwakhiwa indlu nge-attic, umnini khaya osebenzayo uhlinzeka ngegumbi elikhanyisi elihlukile lokufaka izitebhisi, ngenkundla yokudlala ngaphambi kokungena e-attic. Izindonga ze-attic, zihlukaniswe emgqomeni, azidingi kunqunu
Ngokwabelana ngamaPlanms we-Atticlitions of Attic, kuyadingeka ukubheka indawo yamafasitela, nokuphakama kophahla, kanye nendawo yezitebhisi. I-Ladder Vula Uthango Ngesitimela
Izindonga ze-attic zingaphefumulelwa, kanye nendlu yonke - ngaphandle, nezinduku zophahla kuphela kusuka ngaphakathi
Imvamisa, amawindi okuzwa anendawo ehehayo engaphansi kwe-10% futhi ayinikezi ukukhanyisa kahle
I-attic ilungiselelwe abakhi ukuze baqhubeke nokufakwa kwe-insulation - i-hybra evunyelwe ye-vapor ne-windroof evunyelwe i-rafter. Phakathi kwama-rafters kuzobekwa phansi amapuleti okufakwayo - azogcina "esikhaleni", Force Force
Nge-attic efudumele ekuvulekeni kuvulandi noma i-loggia, babeka umnyango ofudumele namafasitela, okungenani, abamba amakhaza. Ungafaka amawindi angunxantathu eduze komnyango we-balcony
I-Attic ayidingi ukufakwa okwengeziwe, uma yonke indlu yakhiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-Eco Pan kusuka kumaphaneli wohlaka namamojula. Ukukhazimula okubunjiwe kuleli cala kungaba yindawo enkulu impela
Iwindi elikhetheke kakhulu linomthelela ekubonweni okukhulu. UKterotlocherpice (Rannila, Finland) udinga iholo langaphandle lombala ofanayo
Amafasitela we-Mansard athambekele angezelwa ngezinto eziqonde mpo eziqonde mpo ngama-windows sill. Ngabo abonakale ngokusobala isibhakabhaka kuphela, kodwa futhi nendawo ezungezile yendlu. Igumbi le-AV lizoba lula
Uphahla oluningi olukhonjisiwe lune-attic yezinga ezimbili ekwakhiweni kwe-attic yezinga elinezinga ezimbili. Ngaphakathi setha ilebula elihlanganisiwe, isikulufa noma izitebhisi ze-attic
I-ATTIC, ihehe kusuka ngaphakathi nge-plasterboard, ibukeka yanamuhla kakhulu
Wasungula isiFulentshi - sinamathela futhi sothando. Ngisho nase-XVIIIV. "Kungani unyamalale e-attic?" UFrancois Mansar wacabanga futhi waklama uphahla olunjalo "ophukile", ngaphansi kwalo, ngaphezulu kwendlu, ungaphila. Izindlu nokubizwa ngokuthi i-attic. Kunokukhanya okuningi, futhi abaculi bakuthanda, useduze nezinkanyezi - futhi izimbongi ziyakuthanda, kuyindawo eshibhile kunazo zonke - indawo yokuhlala abathandi abampofu. I-attic ku-montmartre, lapho uPaul-Paris angabonakala khona emafasiteleni awo, kepha asemzaneni esigodini saseRussia. Isikhathi eside, zonke izindlu ngaphansi kophahla zibalwa yi-attic. Ubumba lwaseMezzanine. Kukhona ama-attics, okuwo, ngaso sonke leso sifiso, i-attic ungahleleli, kepha namanje iningi lezikhala ze-attic zilungele ukufakwa nokuzihlomisa.
I-attic yami - ah. Hhayi inganekwane
I-Ivy yakhe i-Ivy ayizange icashe.
Ingqikithi yakudala endala
Ubonwe phakathi kwezingodo zama-rafter.
I-Theohile Guilder
(Ukuhunyushwa kweNikolai Gumileva)
Lapho bekwenza?
Ukuguqulwa kwendawo ngaphansi kophahla lwabantu abangahlali egumbini lokuhlala kunenzuzo enkulu, ngoba kunjalo, ngezindleko eziphansi, ungathola isikhala esisebenzayo esiseduze nasendlini. Ama-mansards ehlobo (alifakwanga noma afakwe buthakathaka) noma ubusika (afakwe kahle futhi, njengoba besho kufanelekile ukuhlala unyaka wonke). Ngakho-ke udelela phansi phansi kwendlu, unganciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa futhi, kusho ukunciphisa izindleko zokushisa. Yebo, uma ukudalwa kwe-attic yendawo yokuhlala kufakwa ekwakhiweni kwendlu. Kulokhu, ungasusa, ususe isakhiwo, ngokushesha ungene ophahleni lwe-attic yesikhathi esizayo. Kepha kaningi, lapho kungekho imali eyanele yaso, bamane nje beza futhi babona i-attic enjalo engafakwanga kusuka ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kokudela ophahleni. Abakhi abanolwazi bazophakamisa ukusebenza ngezigaba ezimbili ngekhefu ngonyaka. Okokuqala, kuzokwakhiwa indlu "ngaphansi kophahla", kwathi ngonyaka kufakwe khona futhi kuhlukaniswe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinhlaka ezisekelayo zesakhiwo esisha, isisekelo kanye nezindonga, zinikeza ukugcotshwa okungenakugwenywa ngonyaka wokuqala, kwakhipha noma yimuphi umhlobiso ongaphakathi nangaphandle. I-Ivot isivele ise-Ne-Crack, Curvature, izikhala. Cishe amaphaphu awekho ngaphansi kwe-shrinkage, izinhlaka zesakhiwo seselula, ezakhelwe kubuchwepheshe baseCanada (American).Akuwona wonke ama-attic ...
Siphinde sabhala kaningi ngezinkinga zokufakelwa okushisayo, ezitshelwe mayelana nokufakwa kwe-thermal, ukuphaphama, i-hydro kanye nezinto zokwengeza izindwangu zokufakwa kwe-hydro ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa (
"Ukufakelwa okushisayo kuyinto edingekayo elondoloziwe", "izingubo ezintsha '" zendlu ",
"Izimfihlo zendlu ethule",
"Ukufudumala kwekhaya lakho",
"Uphahla, ophahleni, ophahleni" Pie "). I-WREDIED LOKWENZA IGAMA elifanayo ukuvimba ukuthi ukwakha indlu nokuhlelela konke, zinakekele ukwenza uphahla lwe-ATTIC yesikhathi esizayo Endaweni ephezulu kakhulu ukuba okungenani ibe ngu-2,5m. Uma ukufutheka okuvundlile kwe-rafter kusethwe kakhulu ngezansi, i-attic ye-attic kungasasebenzi kahle ama-screeds angenzeki, ngaphandle kokunciphisa umthamo ophahleni, bese ufaka zona ezingaphakathi zibiza kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi izingxenye zesigaba kanye nezinyathelo zidinga ukubalwa, futhi ukwakheka kancane kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kophahla okukhethiwe. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngesibalo, isinyathelo seRafter ngaphansi kwe-Metal Tile ingu-1m , khona-ke kuzoba ngu-80cm ngaphansi kwamathayili aphezulu kakhulu aphezulu. Umbhalo ophambili kulezi zibalo umthwalo weqhwa (yithi, ophakanyisiwe u-100kg / m2 esifundeni se-Perm). Uma okweqile nezinhlaka ze-rafling athembeki ngokwanele ukuhlela izinga lesibili lokuhlala, Badinga ukuqinisa. Isibonelo, faka imishayo eyengeziwe eyengeziwe, kanye nezinhlaka ze-rafter zixhumanisa izingxenye zensimbi.
Uma ukhulelwe ukwakha nokufaka i-attic ngezigaba ezimbili, lapho-ke ngesikhathi sokwakha eCroof Crate empeleni kufanele kuthathwe phansi kwangaphambi kokuvinjwa kwamanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngemuva kokuthi uphahla lubekwe, ngaphandle kokudilizwa kwalo, i-attic ye-attic ayisatshelwa. Ukusuka ekuswakama komkhathi, ukwakheka kuyakwazi ukonga izinsiza ezishibhile (i-rubberoid, i-hydroisol, irabha yokwenziwa "Templess"), futhi kubiza kakhulu ("iZosan a", "yutafol dtb", amafilimu alwa nama-condensate "Yutakon", Ursa Seco 1000, Tyvek). Zihlelwe imigoqo yezandla enobukhulu okungenani be-50mm. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokukhuphula uphahla phakathi kwalo kanye nokuvimbela amanzi, kwakhiwa imvume enomoya. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi izinto ezishibhile zingabalwa futhi zizovimbela ukuphuma kukamusi kusuka ekufakweni. Ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi wakhe enye igebe eliphefumula phakathi kokufaka amanzi nokufakelwa, kube sengathi asetshenziswa yi-Ursa Storm ebiza kakhulu ye-Ursa Seco Seco Seco ye-Ursa ye-Ursa eassa Uma ama-wanderpants materproofing enziwa kahle, ngegebe elinomoya, ngokuzayo i-attic ingaguqulwa hhayi kumakhaza kuphela, kodwa futhi ungene e-attic ye-sheard. Uma ukufakwa emanzini kungasetshenziswanga (ngokwesibonelo, isilayidi kufakwa ngqo kwikhreyithi) - lokhu kubi, yize kwenzeka futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze ungahlukanisi ophahleni, ungaqhubeka nenye indlela: faka ifilimu elivikelayo kusuka ngaphakathi, uvale lonke ikhreyidi elivela ngaphansi bese uqinisa ifilimu phakathi kwama-50mm kusuka ku-crate. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyiqiniso ukuthi "indawo yengozi" egciniwe - izindiza ezingenhla ze-rafted kanye ne-Draft Clamp azivikelekile kumswakama wangaphandle. Bazofaka umoya uma ophahleni be-wavy, futhi beqiza uma impahla yayo eyisicaba ifika eduze.
Phuma, nini lapho ukufakwa khona, ukudicilela phansi uphahla phezu kwe-attic akunakwenzeka, kufanele kwenziwe ecaleni lokuqala elikahle (ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokufakwa esikhundleni sophahla olungcono). Futhi lapha, akudingekile ukuletha i-crate ukuncika ngaphansi kwamanzi angaphansi kwamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, khumbula ukuthi ukufakwa emanzini okufakwe emanzini okukhishwe ku-clamp discraft akufanele kuvalwe esikebheni- kudingeka kushiye umoya wokuphuma uphume kuwo. Amaphahla okuswayipha kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokusika, kusuka ku-cornice kuya ekwehleni, ngesendlalelo somoya. Ekusebenzeni, enikezwe umthambeka obalulekile we-air canal ezinhlakeni ezixakile, ezinomthelela ekuhambeni komoya, ukushuba komoya "umkhiqizo" kungaba okungenani ama-40-50 mm (zombili phakathi kolunye uhlangothi uphahla naphakathi kobuso bokufakwa kanye nobuso bokungena kwamanzi).
Ukugcotshwa kwamakhreyithi kungasetshenziswa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukugijima umoya. Le phrofayili eshisiwe eshisayo (indawo ephakeme ingu-32mm, ububanzi - 45-50mm) iyatholakala ngesimo sesikhathi esingu-2, 4 no-6m. Ifomu lephrofayili lenza liqine ngokwanele, futhi ukugcwala kuthuthukisa umphumela wokupholisa umoya, okuvumela ukususa ama-condensate ophahleni (noma i-facade, uma ukuklanywa okufakwe umoya noma okunye okufakwe umoya).
Indawo yendabuko yezindawo zokufakwa kwezindawo ezivalekile ze-attic ezinje:
Phambi;
izindawo ezimile ezindongeni eziphansi ze-attic (zifika ku-1,2 m), uma izindonga zinikezwe;
amasayithi avundlile ku-attic invap;
Izindawo ezithambekele eziphindaphindeka ophahleni.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa kwe-attic, naka izakhiwo zangaphakathi. Uma kunesidingo, kuzodinga ukuqinisa futhi ngisho nokungezelela. Isibonelo, igxathu lezinto ezithambekele ezifakwe ngaphakathi - i-rafter ingaba banzi kangangokuba ingahambelani nanoma yiluphi usayizi okhona wokufakelwa kwama-slabs. Lapho-ke kufanele inikezwe phakathi kwama-rafter of imigoqo yohlaka olwengeziwe. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kophahla okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwalolokwakha, lapho kungekho akhona ama-scheds avundlile kanye nama-racks mpo, udinga ukwengeza eyodwa noma ezinye izinto. Isibonelo, uma kungekho ziqhingi, kepha kuhlelwa ukwenza uphahla oluvundlile, kuma-rafter, njengomthetho, qinisa imigoqo ngokubekwa kwayo. Uma kungekho ama-racks, kepha kuhlelwa ukwakha izindonga eziqondile ze-attic, dala uhlaka kanye nabo. Isisekelo sodonga lohlaka singamabili ama-run (izingodo), okukodwa okubekwe emihlelweni yokugqagqana, kanti owesibili uhlelwe kuma-rafters. Katim Crossbars futhi ujoyine ama-racks ezindonga zezindonga (kanye nohlaka lokuhlukaniswa kwakha ama-5050mm kusuka kumabha abheke phezulu). Kulokhu, indawo yeBhodi "Lining" ilungile kuphela. Zilungisiwe izipikili ezihleliwe. Isigaba sokugcina siwukucutshungulwa kwezingoma zokubopha.
Inketho elula kakhulu kungenzeka, ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwezindonga nophahla. Bese kubangela kuphela amaFrones, phansi nezinduku zophahla.
Uphahla olufakiwe lwe-attic luqukethe izingqimba eziningana. Isakhiwo se- "Cake" ngokwesimiso sibukeka kanjena:
Ukwakhiwa Kwenkampani Yezithwali - Kubhekwe.
Ku-rafylaxhenet kanye nophahla (ngokufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi angavunyelwanga kanye nokuzithoba).
Phakathi kwama-rafter, ngakunye ukusuka ekhreyini, kungukufakelwa, okusondele kulo, ulwelwesi lokuvikelwa kwe-vapor oluvunyelwayo (noma ngaphezulu kancane, ibanga elithile elivela ebusweni be-anti-condensate ngaphansi kophahla yensimbi noma i-ondulin).
Ngaphansi kokufakwa, eduze kwayo - ukubopha okushisayo (ifilimu elingadlulisi ngababili ukusuka ezansi ngaphakathi kokufakelwa). Icindezelwa amakhreyithi angaphakathi, abethelwe ama-rafters.
Uqedela "Pie" Mansard Ukuqeda Izinto (i-OsSving). Uma ngaphansi konqenqemeni, ekufakweni, esikhundleni sefilimu evamile ye-vapor barrier, kunesithiyo esikhanyayo se-foil esikhanyayo, impahla yokuqeda ilungiswe ibanga elifushane (2-5 cm) kusuka endaweni e-foil.
"I-Pie Efudumele"
Ngaphandle kokufaka i-attic, akunakukhohlwa noma kungakhohlwa ngento evuselelwe. Ngempela, ngesizini ebandayo, umswakama ovela emoyeni ofudumele ngaphakathi kwegumbi ukhuphuka futhi uxazulule ezintweni ezibandayo zezakhiwo (okokuqala, ophahleni). Umphumela wakhiwa nge-condensate. Okubanda emgwaqweni, iqiniso lomphumela linamandla. I-condensate eqoqiwe ingahle ibe khona kakhulu kangangokuba umswakama uzodonswa phansi ungene egumbini, okuzoba okufanayo nophahla. Isikhathi sasebusika sasebusika, i-condensate, ebibuthana ezakhiweni ze-rafter, ekufakweni nasengaphakathi kophahla, iphendukela eqhweni. Ngabe ngidinga ukusho ukuthi ukufakwa okumanzi kubi kakhulu kunokuphatha ukushisa, futhi izitho zokhuni ezibolile zimbozwe ukhunta kanye isikhunta? Ngendlela, akukubi ngokuqala kokusebenza nge-antiseptic yokwakheka (ngokwesibonelo, iPinotex, "Sezhezh" IDR).Ngakho-ke inkinga enkulu akuyona nje ukufakwa kokufakwa uqobo, kodwa futhi:
Ukulwa nokungena ekufakweni komugqa wamanzi, okuqukethwe emoyeni ngaphakathi;
Ukususwa kokufakelwa kwalawo magesi asekungenise;
Ukulwa nokufakwa komswakama ngaphandle (ukuqina ngaphansi kophahla lweqhwa nemvula, imfundo ngemuva kophahla lwamaconsi ama-condensate ageleza emuva ekufakweni);
Ukuvikela ukufakwa komoya, okuvunguza ukushisa, kuyo kuqongelelwe (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ku "fluffy" mineral infation ngesakhiwo esimnandi).
Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, umusi, i-hydro, kusetshenziswa izimbobo zomoya. "I-Parobarrier" (ngokwesibonelo, ifilimu elivila le-Steam Barrier Ursa 400, 500) lisuka phansi kokufakwa, ohlangothini lwegumbi, futhi i-hydro vele i-hydro ne-windroof ilungiswe ngendlela yokuthi kuzoba njalo ngaphezulu kokufakwa - phakathi kwalo nophahla. Izinto ezivimbela amanzi ezivikela ukufakwa emanzini futhi zishaye ngaphandle futhi zingaphazamisi ukuhwamuka kwalo umswakama walo - Lawa ngamafilimu amelana kancane. Phakathi kwazo kungabizwa ngokuthi yimikhiqizo efana ne-Monarflex (Monarflex, eDenmark), i-Eurofolq140 (i-BRAAS, i-Finland (i-ElFete, eFlander (i-juta, i-Czech Republic). Ezinye zazo zidinga indawo ethile lapho zifaka.
Qaphela ukuthi impahla yokufakelwa okushisayo ayivikeleki kumakhaza kuphela, kodwa futhi kusukela ekushiseni kwehlobo. Ngokufudumala okufuthelwe, umoya ufudumele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, nge-attic engafakwanga eyayingenakufakelwa ngosuku lwehlobo kuyashisa futhi kuyashisa, njengakuhlaza okotshani, ikakhulukazi uma uphahla luyinsimbi. Umsebenzi wokufakelwa kanye nokufakwa okuzwakalayo, ukuguqula "ukulwa kwesigubhu" kwemvula ekugqwaleni okuthule.
Izinto eziningi ozithandayo, ozikhethele zona zikhulu ngempela. U-Warting Attric, udinga, ngaphandle kokulahleka kwe-assortment ehlongozwayo, khetha lezo zazo kakhulu kakhulu kuwe. Lokho wukuthi, yenzelwe ukufakwa kophahla olukhohlisayo lwe-attic kanye nezindonga zalo kusuka ngaphakathi, futhi empeleni zisebenzise ezimweni zezwe. Lapha, ngaphezu kwekhono lezinto ezibonakalayo zokubambezeleka kokushisa, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukutholakala kwalo, ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha komlilo, ukufakwa lula kokufakwa, ukuqina kwensizakalo futhi, intengo. Uma sikhuluma ngesimo sangempela, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow, sigxile ezinkambisweni zakwa-2000, ngokufakwa kwe-attic, kuvame ukubeka ukufakwa okushisayo kusuka ku-basaltmmm. Ungahle futhi ufakwe nge-eco-art kanye nezinto zokwenziwa ezahlukahlukene, ezinjenge-foam, polyethyleedo foam it.d. Kepha kunama-nuances amaningi ahambisana nokwakheka, ithambeka ebusweni, ubungako bokufakwa kwe-IT.D. Sizokutshela ukukhetha kokuqukethwe esihlokweni esilandelayo.
UPaul, uphahla, izindonga kanye nokuhlukaniswa
Ukufakwa kwesitezi se-attic, okungukuthi, ngaphezulu kwe-attic kanye nephansi ngaphansi kwawo, udinga ukufakwa kwe-10-15 cm kusuka ekugembeni kwamaminerali noma engilazi. Kepha, ngaphambi kokuba uyibeke, phakathi kwemishayo yokugoba (emabhodini, ezomboza uphahla lwephansi elingaphansi komhlaba) Kuyadingeka ukubeka i-vaporizetation. Ukufakwa kufakwa ngaphezulu, kugcwalisa yonke indawo phakathi kwemishayo futhi kungashiyi ama-slots. Uma ungasebenzisi ama-mat, kodwa izitofu, bese uhlakazeka amapuleti agxile kakhulu osayizi wawo mkhulu kunegebe phakathi kwemishayo. Kusuka phezulu emishameni ibeka ibhodi lobulili. Ukunamathiselwa kwe-attic kuthatha yonke indawo yokuqoqa phansi phansi, ngoba izindonga eziseceleni azikho endimeni yodonga lwangaphandle, futhi ngasikhathi esithile (kunqunywe, njengomthetho, isethi amaphuzu ama-racks ngaphansi kwamaRafyles). Indawo esedlule phakathi kodonga lwe-attic kanye ne-cornese nayo iyadingeka ukufakwa futhi ivale i-floorboard.
Ama-Frontnes aseMansardov, uma kunguzimele, embozwe ngaphandle, afaka ngendlela efanayo nanoma yiluphi olunye udonga lohlaka, - amapuleti okufakwa abekwe kusuka ngaphakathi kwekamelo, phakathi kwama-waterproofing angaphambi kwangaphambi kokunamathiselwe (ku-Vapor -Ukusebenziseka). Kungahle kube yilapho ubukhulu bohlaka lwe-brusev lungaphansi kobukhulu besendlalelo sokufakelwa. Kulokhu, akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa ukufakwa. Ziza ngokuhlukile: yakha imigoqo yohlaka olunemigoqo eyengeziwe (ihlelwe ngezikulufo). Ngemuva kokubeka ukufakwa, udonga lumbozwe ngokuphelele ngefilimu ye-polyethylene ye-vapor. Kunamathiselwe kufreyimu. Esikhundleni sefilimu yepulasitiki kuzo zonke izingcezu ze-attic ezifakwe ngaphakathi, udonga, ophahleni, luyaba yithokheni (noma i-isobibble kusuka ku-bubble Foam Industries, i-polyethylene Foam, ehlanganiswe ne-fol areser (le ungqimba ngaphakathi kwegumbi) . Izinto ezibonakalayo zizosebenza njengokufakwa okwengeziwe, kanye ne-foil- kanye nobabili uhlobo lwe-vaporizolation, kanye nokufakelwa okukhanyayo. Igwebu eliboshwe, licindezela uhlaka lwemigoqo, lapho ungqimba lokugcina lubuthene khona. Konke kumayelana negebe, elakhiwa phakathi kwe-foil kanye nangaphakathi komugqa, kuyadingeka umphumela ophelele ophelele. Ungakhohlwa: Uma i-trim ilungiselelwe i-foil esondele, umphumela uzonyamalala.
Uma amaFrones agoqwa kusuka kubha, izingodo, izitini, ukhonkolo, njll, izinhlaka zingathuthukiswa ngempumelelo zombili kusuka ngaphakathi futhi (ngempumelelo) ngaphandle.
Isikimu sokungena ngaphakathi kwangaphandle: Udonga 1st; 2 Warehouse; Ukufakelwa; 4- Ukuvimbela Ngamanzi; 5- NTIMM ("LINELING", SINSISH, PANELS).
Kusuka ngaphakathi kwama-totaths kanye nezindonga zangaphandle ze-attic kungaphefumulelwa kanjena: 1-udonga; 2 - Ifilimu le-Windproof (uma udonga lwamapulangwe noma izingodo); Uhlaka oluvundlile lwamabha we-2525mm (amabhande ama-5 kuye kwangama-55cm); 4- Ukufakelwa (phakathi kwe-carcass bar); 5 Hearehouse; 6- "I-Lining" yalala ngokuqondile.
Ngomshini we-attic, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise izinto ezilula kakhulu futhi udale izakhiwo, ezikuncane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuyadingeka ukwenza lula ukulethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingeni eliphezulu, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukunciphisa ukwanda komthwalo kuzo zonke izinto zendlu ekhona, okuzokwenzeka nakanjani.
Ngokuya ngezinga lokuthambekela kophahla, izimbotshana eziseceleni eziphansi ezihlukaniswe udonga noma i-attic bullead yakhiwa ngaphansi kwemodyuli yayo, esekelwe kuma-racks ngaphansi kwama-rafyles. Ngokwezidingo ze-Snipa 2.08.01-89, ekunqumeni indawo ye-attic, indawo yegumbi iyabhekiswa ukuphakama okungama-30-1,5 m, ngokukhetha okungu-45-1,1 m , ngokukhetha okungama-60 noma ngaphezulu kuka-0.5m. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphakama okuncane kodonga kufanele kube ngu-1.2m ngophahla ngophahla ngo-30 no-0.8m ngo-45; ngo-60 futhi akusekho okukhawulelwe. Izindonga eziseceleni ezakhiwe ngemuva kwezindonga zingasetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene kakhulu- njengamakamelo okusetshenziswa, amasiko okugcina, ukufaka ifenisha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (ecaleni lokugcina, okunamathiselwe konke okunamathiselwe kwe-attic).
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezindonga kufakwa ukufakwa (ngokwesibonelo, amapuleti e-fiberglass orsa). Izingosi eziseceleni zivaliwe ngePeramin, ngakolunye, uhlobo lwe-Tyvek. Phezulu siyi "clapboard". Uma uzothatha isinqumo se-Septum ye-Attic Plasterboard nopende noma uthuli ngephephadonga, ngaphansi komhlobiso onjalo odinga ukukhweza ifreyimu yensimbi (ngokusho kobuchwepheshe kuKnauf, eRussia). Ngaphakathi kohlaka futhi ubeke ama-slabs wokufakelwa, asebenza futhi afakwe umsindo.
"Iphayi efudumele" efanayo, elivame ukufakwa ezinduku ezithambekele, futhi ophahleni lwe-attic ye-attic. Hlinzeka kuphela kulokhu ku-hatch lapho kufakwa khona yonke izingqimba zekhekhe. Kungenzeka ukukuqedela phansi kusuka emabhodini, ngoba indawo ye-attic yakhiwa e-attic, engasetshenziswa njengohlelo lokugcina. Uma ukuxhashazwa okusebenzayo kwegumbi elisha elisanda kufundiswa nge-attic ngenhla kwe-attic, khona-ke i-screed kufanele iqiniswe. Uma ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kuvumela, ungakha i-attic yezinga elisezingeni eliphansi ngaphansi kwe- "efudumele uphahla".
I-Mansard Windows
Ukukhanya nomoya kungangena endaweni ye-attic ngezinhlobo eziningana zamawindi: atholakala ngaphambili ngendiza yophahla, ngokusebenzisa amafasitela okuzwa ahlukahlukene (ama-bat "), ku- IWindows of Loggia noma ukuvula, okuholela kuvulandi ekugcineni, ngamafasitela ashumeke ekwakhiweni ophahleni.Easter ezinye zifakwe ophahleni olukhona lwamafasitela e-attic. Kufakazelwe ukuthi iwindi elithambekele elibheke esibhakabhakeni linikeza ukukhanya okungu-40% kune-anivitotory yosayizi ofanayo. Amafasitela anama-deshighted angafakwa ophahleni lwethambeka ehlukile - kusuka ngo-15 kuye ku-90. Namuhla, izinkampani eziningi zinikezwa yizinkampani eziningi: I-Roto Frank (i-Denmark), i-OFand), i-Otaly) i-IDR. Amafasitela anama-deshighted ajwayele ukufakwa endaweni ephakeme ngo-110 kuya ku-205cm ngaphezulu phansi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukufudumeza amadivayisi ukugwema ukubonakala kwamawindi ahlanganisiwe. Idizayini ngokwayo ingaba yi-Swing, ama-Indeave ama-Rotary, imele i-windows-hatch noma i-flaamugue esongelayo, engasebenzi kuphela ukugcwalisa igumbi ngokukhanya nomoya, kodwa futhi nokuphuma ophahleni.
Isisindo esiphelele sezakhiwo ezifakiwe kubalulekile, ukuze umthwalo okhuphukile ku-crate kanye nama-rafter awedluli amanani wephrojekthi yomthombo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukubheka ukuthi ukufakwa kwamanye amamodeli kuhlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwe-raftter, kanti abanye bangaqiniswa futhi bamane nje kwi-crate (Roto Frank). Into ebalulekile ukubona inani lamaphoyinti wokukhiya ngewindi. I-Subing, ngokungafani nengilazi evamile, ingilazi eshaqekile yokukhanya okukhanyayo kwamafasitela aseMansard iqinile futhi imelana nomthwalo obalulekile, ukukhetha imodeli, kufanelekile ukunikela kanye nekhono lokufaka iphakethe lengilazi yalo, kanye nezindleko zalo mcimbi. Amafreyimu namabhokisi amafasitela e-attic avikelwe yinsimbi yensimbi, kanye namalunga aphahla phezu kwe-perimeter yebhokisi afakwa kahle futhi avalwe yiholo. Kunengqondo ukuthi ukhethe imodeli lapho umklamo womoya omncane wokungena komoya omncane.
Amasistimu ahlukene kakhulu wokuvula lawo mawindi angenzeka. I-ORTAMPAAL indawo yezibandela ekuphakameni okuphezulu kwe-185-205cm kusuka phansi. Uhlelo luvame kakhulu futhi lufanelekile lapho iwindi lingashintshwa ngalo ngokulingana okuphakathi okuqondile okuvundlile. Amamodeli wabakhiqizi abahlukene ahlukile komunye nomunye. Isibonelo, uma ukwakheka komklamo kusuka ku-velux kuholela kule ndawo yamafasitela ukuze indawo ezungezile ibe lula kubo, i-roto frank design ibandakanya ukukhanyisa okuphezulu kwegumbi le-attic, ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lokufakwa kwalo.
Ukumasha, isikulufa, i-attic
Ukusebenzela iphrojekthi yesitebhisi eholela egumbini le-attic kufanele kubhekwe ukuhlela kwaleli gumbi. Kuya ngendawo yezitebhisi engxenyeni ye-Internaard kanye ne-Staircase Design uqobo. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zesize, ukuphepha, lula, ububanzi obungenabubanzi bokusebenzisa lapho uphakamisa iziqongo zefenisha kanye nokuhambisa abantu. Umthambeka ophelele wesitebhisi uneminyaka engama-45. Ububanzi bezinyathelo kufanele bube okungenani 28-30cm, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwimvelaphi ephephile. Ukuphakama kwesiteji kungenzi ngaphezu kwe-20cm.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa izitebhisi ezihlanganisiwe kakhulu ukusebenzisa izitebhisi ezihlanganisiwe kakhulu ukusebenzisa izitebhisi ezihlangene kakhulu, noma "ngokujikeleza". Izinketho ze-Waich azikho izindawo eziphakathi nendawo zokuzilibazisa, ezisusa isikhala. Izinyathelo zinengqondo ukwenza kahle. Ukuhlunga ububanzi bezinyathelo zonke kufanele, ngokwezinkambiso, ukwakha okungenani i-100mm. Ukuze abantu bazohlangana, ububanzi bezitebhisi kumele okungenani babe ngama-900mm. Isitebhisi esikhulu e-attic sivame ukuphindwa "umsizi" - isibani sesibili kanye nokwakheka okuthe xaxa (ukudonsa, isinyathelo se-steplade, esitebhisini se-attic stair ). Zenziwa njengeCompact - 12-15 Izinyathelo. Ingxenye eyodwa yezitebhisi inamathiselwe kwizihlambi, kanti ezinye ezimbili zihlala zishukumiseka, zisongelwa njenge-transformer. Izakhiwo ze-Screw zivumela indawo yokonga. Izitebhisi ze-Screw, ukuba nenduku yezangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa. Lolu uhlelo oluzinzile kakhulu. Isinyathelo ngasinye sijikelezwa ezungeze i-Axis ehlobene nalokhu okwedlule ngo-22-23.
Lonke ingaphezulu lezitebhisi zokhuni (izinyathelo, ama-risers, u-railing, abaBaluster) yisiko ukuhlobisa, ukumboza ukuwohloka okuhlobisa okuhlobisa kanye nama-varnish. Umuntu kufanele abheke nje ukuthi uma ukumbozwa kumnyama, khona-ke ukuklwebheka kuyo kuyoshesha ukushesha emehlweni. Imvamisa, zezakhiwo ezimile, ukhetha ukuqeda okunjalo, kanye nezindonga zegumbi elingaphansi, khona-ke izitebhisi zihlanganisa futhi igumbi libonakala libanzi ngokwengeziwe.
1- emboza uphahla lwegumbi elingaphansi;
2-Beam Swerlap;
3 Warehouse;
4- Ukufakelwa;
5- imigoqo ekude
1- Ukufakelwa;
2- Ulwelwelwelwesi olungavunyelwenga luka-Vapor;
3- brus wokubopha;
Ibha yokwehlisela engu-4;
Unyawo lwe-stropile;
6- emgodini
I-mansard ebihlazekile;
Wagxuma mansard;
1- Ukufakelwa;
2 Warehouse;
Ukuvulwa komoya okungu-3
I-1 i-platearteboard;
2- scored rafter;
3- Ukufaka ophahleni olukhulayo uLuc
1- Ukuhlanza;
2- DEBOM;
3 Warehouse;
4- Ukufakelwa;
I-5-membrane vapor - evunyelwe;
Amabha ayi-6;
7 - CUT-Down Dryer;
8 - Ukuvimbela amanzi manzi;
9-Uphahla;
10- stropile noga
Abahleli babonga inkampani "Indlu Yezwe", i-Roto Frank, "Izwe Lezakhiwo Nezakhiwo", "Monolith 1991" ukuze kusizakale lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.