Izimpumputhe - imininingwane emihle nesebenzayo yezangaphakathi. Umlando wokuvela kanye nezinketho zesimanje zokukhuphuka.
Umqondo ophumelelayo ukuthola ama-lamellas wemibala ehlukene nephethini ehlukile yokuhlobisa. Kuliqiniso, kulokhu, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izindonga namagiya akuyona intombazane
Amandla aphezulu we-Aluminium Alloy izimpumputhe ezivundlile, ezithintwe yi-Sun Ray Paint, zinhle kunoma iyiphi indawo yangaphakathi
Izimpumputhe ziyindlela ephelele yezangaphakathi ngesitayela se-minimalism.
I-Aluminium Plinds, edwetshwe ngecebo elifudumele, lingashintshwa ngemodeli yesihlahla
Ngokufaka izimpumputhe ewindini ewindini, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuphakama kwewindows kumele kukalwe kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili (alos, amafasitela ethu ngokufanele akuvamile))
Izimpumputhe Fissure zinokufakwa okukhethekile okuyisisekelo. Uma indlu yakho inama-allergies, kungcono ukukhetha amamodeli anjalo kumakhethini ajwayelekile
Izimpumputhe ehhovisi kufanele zibe design ngokwanele. Indima yabo lapha isebenza okuhlanzekile
Ukuba khona kwezimpumputhe akusho ukuthi ukungabikho kwamakhethini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bangathakazelisa kakhulu ukuhlanganisa!
Izimpumputhe eziningi zibukeka njengamaphaneli angokomfanekiso. Udinga kuphela ukukhetha ngokucophelela ukuhlanganiswa kwezithunzi!
Izimpumputhe ezenziwe ngezinkuni ezibalulekile zokhuni olushisayo zinomthelela endaweni engaphakathi ukukhanya kwe-notch
Kufanele kulandelwe ukuthi izinto ezisefasiteleni zingaphazamisi ukukhulisa futhi zinciphise izimpumputhe.
IVitain yendawo emele yezangaphakathi, umhlobiso wamawindi udlala indima ebalulekile. Inhlanganisela yezimpumputhe namakhethini lapha afanelekile ukwedlula noma kuphi
Isihlahla esifudumele sibaluleke kakhulu engxenyeni yangaphakathi, sixazululwe ngesitayela sezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpumputhe zokhuni zihlanganiswa ngokuphelele nefenisha yokhuni
Ukucushwa kwezinto lapho ama-lamellas e-multifapere blinds ahlukile. Ukuqedela nge-strips ethambile ye-foil kwenza isithombe njengokungathi sinobuningi
Izimpumputhe ezihlengikazi zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zinikeza isivikelo esithembekile ekubusheni ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ngaleyo ndlela zivikele iphupho losuku lwengane
Qaphela ukuthi awekho imikhawulo yesitayela yokukhethwa kwezimpumputhe. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi umbala ophethwe yimibala engaphakathi.
Kwesinye isikhathi akusona isikhathi sokujwayela ulwazi olulodwa noma olunye ulwazi ngaphakathi, futhi seluvele luhamba esigabeni sezehlakalo zendabuko nezithandwa kakhulu. Isikhathi sisikhuthaza ukuba silahlile ukonga kunoma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa futhi siphikelele konke okwenzeka emhlabeni we-design. Ukubiza? Cabanga yebo. Futhi vele ... amakhulu amahlanu!
Amakhethini okuba nomona futhi anelukuluku
Uyazi ukuthi igama elithi "uJalosiie" ekuhumusheni kwaseFranch alisho "izimpumputhe" kuphela, kodwa futhi ... "umhawu"? Okujwayelekile okufanayo, ekuqaleni, - ukubumbana okukhona egameni lase-Italy "Gelosia". Kufanele kuqashelwe nakancane ezilwaneni zezilimi zokuqhathanisa. Kuyavela ukuthi ngenganekwane evamile, izimpumputhe zaqhamuka namadoda anomona - amadoda, afihle abesifazane abahle emibonweni engenasizotha (noma engahleliwe). Umqondo wawulula futhi unazo, ngamapulangwe ezinkuni, atholakala e-angle komunye nomunye, ukukhanya nomoya kwaqhutshwa kalula, futhi abathandi babambe ikhala kwebhizinisi labanye abantu futhi bahlala.
Ngokuqondene namantombazane amahle, bona, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezimpumputhe, bangabona ngokuphelele konke okwenzeka emgwaqweni, abanganakwa (bayavuma ukuthi lesi simo sisesha ubumfihlo obudabukisayo).
Manje, ngenhlanhla, umhawu awunacala kangako, futhi izimpumputhe sezinde zibe yinto yendabuko nethandwayo yezangaphakathi.
I-MultiFactore Louvre iyisungula yakamuva. Ama-lamellas awo ahlangana, njengomthetho, indwangu kanye nepulasitiki enombala ovela ku-foil onemibala eminingi ngencazelo yesichazamazwi esihlakaniphile, izimpumputhe "zamakhethini noma ama-shut amakhethini aqinile aphambukayo amapuleti afanayo." Qaphela ukuthi incazelo ayiseyiqiniso impela, ngoba amapuleti angatholakala hhayi ngokuvundlile kuphela, kepha futhi abheke phezulu (izimpumputhe ezimile). Ochwepheshe bazokuqinisekisa lokho, ngamakhethini kanye nezimpumputhe zenza imisebenzi efanayo ngempela: Vikela ingaphakathi emisebeni yelanga lelanga (eRussia, kubalulekile kakhulu kunalokho e-Italy, kodwa) nemibono efuna ukwazi (Lesi sici, njengoba uqonda, ayikho indlela ebizayo ngezimo zezulu). Kepha ochwepheshe abafanayo bazobona ukuthi izimpumputhe zinezinzuzo ezithile. Isibonelo, amakhethini amancanyana avikelwe kabi elangeni, futhi anciphise kakhulu ukufinyelela komoya futhi kumnyama igumbi. Izimpumputhe zihlinzeka ngokukhanyisa okufanayo nokuguquguqukayo futhi ungaphazamisi ukugcwala komoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamakhethini amancanyana ungahlala ubona okuthile, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasekamelweni elikhanyisiwe. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi impilo yangasese ingcwele ngokuphelele futhi ingenakubonakaliswa, bese ulandela isibonelo sejele lase-Italy ne-French!
Yebo, umhlanganisi omkhulu wakulungile: asinayo iRio de Janeiro. Kufakazelwa, inkinga "yokushisa okuqeda amandla" ne "rays amagoli" ayinamandla amakhulu njengasemazweni aseningizimu. Izivimbi zokhuni zendabuko ezweni lethu zivikeleke kakhulu kubavakashi abangafuneki kunakuvela elangeni. Kodwa-ke, ... labo ababonile okungaphendukelani ilanga lethu eliseNyakatho kakhulu amakhefu amahle ezinyangeni ezintathu, azovuma ukuthi ubumpumputhe buthembekile futhi, ngakho-ke, ubumpumputhe.
Enye inkinga ayisekho okuningi ngamasiko, kodwa nge-stereotype ejwayelekile, ngokusho ukuthi okungokwamandla amahhovisi kuphela kanye nezinye izikhungo zomphakathi. Empeleni, umgomo we-athikili yethu ekugcineni udlulise ukudilizwa okucasulayo. Into eyimpumputhe - isihloli esihle sokuhlobisa okubaluleka kwangaphakathi, kholwa, kunzima ukuwela ngokweqile.
Impilo inemichilo
Izimpumputhe zanamuhla zivame ukuxhumeka (ama-lamellas), okugeza, ukugeza, akha i-canvas eyodwa. Ukuguqula ama-lamellas (futhi akwenze usebenzisa i-leash ekhethekile noma ngisho nendlela elawulwa yisilawuli kude esikude), ungaguqula usayizi wama-slots phakathi kwabo, ngakho-ke ushintshe ukukhanya kwegumbi. Ngokuya ngezinga lokubonakala kwama-lamellas ezimpumputhe anciphise futhi akhanya ngokukhanya, futhi ngokwendlela yokuthola i-lamella-mpo nasevundlile.
Izimpumputhe zepulasitiki zingaba ukunyathelisa, khona-ke ngazo zingena ukukhanya okufihliwe okuthambile. Ekugcineni, endaweni yokufaka, izimpumputhe zihlukaniswe zaba ojwayelekile (zifakwe odongeni noma ophahleni noma ophahleni (ezitholakala ngaphakathi Isikhala samawindi anezinhlangothi ezimbili) ne-attic (efakwe ku-Fold noma ozimele ezithambekele).
Imininingwane eminingi ngokuhlukaniswa kwezimpumputhe ngendlela yesakhiwo se-lamellae kanye nezinto ezenziwa yizo.
Izivande ezivundlile - Inketho ye-Classic. AmaLamel amamodeli anjalo aqoqwa ephaketheni "ephaketheni" phezulu. Izimpumputhe zithembekile, kulula ukuzisebenzisa, zingafakwa kuwo womabili amawindi naku-sash ngayinye ngokwahlukana. Ilungele amakamelo asekhishini nasekuhlalweni. Indawo ephezulu enconyiwe yamamodeli anjalo ngu-6m2 we-aluminium ne-3m2 yemikhiqizo yokhuni.
Izimpumputhe eziqondile. Ama-lamellas alengayo angemile, njengamakhethini, angahamba ngokukhululeka ngakwesokudla noma ngokulinganayo ukusuka enkabeni kuzo zombili izinkomba. Amamodeli anjalo angasetshenziswa hhayi emafasiteleni kuphela, kodwa futhi njengezihlukaniso ezingaphakathi (uma unamathisela ama-cornis ophahleni). Ububanzi bemichilo bungama-127mm ("izimpumputhe zaseYurophu"), noma i-89mm ("American"). I- "European" ingcono ukuyisebenzisa amafasitela amakhulu, kanye ne- "American", njengencane, kwabancane.
Qaphela ukuthi ama-lamellas ashukumisayo awakwazi ukubekwa eduze kwesitofu segesi. Okungukuthi, ekhishini, izimpumputhe ezimile zingcono ukungafaki isicelo.
Ngohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, izimpumputhe zihlukaniswe ngendwangu, ipulasitiki, ngokhuni, insimbi ne-multifactbaction.
Izimpumputhe zendwangu (Ngokuvamile, mpo kuphela) uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphumula kushibhile kusuka ku- $ 8-10 nge-1M2. Esikhathini esiningi, zenziwa ngezinto eziphilayo eziqinile ezihlala zingamanzi, ezingapheli elangeni. Izindaba ezinombhalo we-antibacterial nazo zisetshenziswa, nge-tefloon ye-tefloof materproof ne-fiberglass engavutha. Khanyisa, kudlula ngendwangu yendwangu ye-translucent, i-displates, idala ukuthambisa, "mnene" kukhanya ngaphakathi. Ukuphenya kuphela kwalezi zimpumputhe ukuthi kufanele bahlanze ngezikhathi ezithile, ngalokho okudingayo ukuze uhlukanise i-canvas.
Izimpumputhe zepulasitiki (okuvundlile kanye mpo) kuyazuzisa kusuka ezicutshini ngoba azikhiphi, ungangeni amanoni nokungcola, ukubekezelela kahle umehluko wokushisa kalula. Ngokwemvelo, konke lokhu kuthinta izindleko zabo, kusuka ku- $ 14 nge-1m2. Ama-lamellas epulasitiki asobala futhi akhanya ngokuphelele. Imvamisa ingaphezulu kwabo kwenziwa kwabhalwa phansi, kubhalwe. Bona izimpumputhe zepulasitiki nge-lamellae, eyenziwe ngesimo samagagasi, ama-zigzags it D., i-bIzarrely abuyele imisebe yelanga futhi adale umdlalo othokozisayo wokukhanya namathunzi egumbini.
Izimpumputhe zokhuni (ngokuvamile okuvundlile). Ukukhiqiza kwabo izinhlobo ezikhanyayo zokhuni, njengesihlahla sikakhokho, bamboo, eCanadian Linden. Kungakho amamodeli anjalo abiza kakhulu - kusuka ku- $ 70-100 nge-1M2. Ngokwesiko, izimpumputhe ezinjalo zibukeka njenge-canvas yojantshi wezinkuni obuncanyana oboshwe ngentambo. Ububanzi be-lamellae bokhuni bungama-25 noma ama-50mm, ububanzi be-canvas abungeqi 2m (ngaphandle kwalokho ujantshi uzosindiswa ngaphansi kwesisindo sabo).
Izimpumputhe zensimbi (Kusuka ku- $ 20 nge-1M2) kuvame ukwenziwa nge-aluminium alloys futhi embozwe ngama-varnish avikelayo wemithunzi ekhanyayo. Ayesabi ilanga elethusayo, angcono kunamanye amamodeli agcina ifomu futhi awadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, okubenza banakekele ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni (ikhishi, i-sauna, indlu yokugezela, i-loggia). Okubi kungacatshangelwa ukuthi ngokushaywa komoya uLamella wezimpumputhe zensimbi, ebhekene, ukuduma.
Izimpumputhe ze-MultiFectore (mpo) - kusuka ku- $ 30 ye-1m2. Ngokwenziwa kwabo, kusetshenziswa izinto eziningana (izicubu, ipulasitiki, njll.), Ukuze kusetshenziswe izingoma eziningi ezahlukahlukene, ukulingisa amakhethini, ama-portis it.d.d. Ukuqeda ngemichilo ye-foil ehlukahlukene kunika imikhiqizo ivolumu ebonakalayo.
Izimpumputhe ezingaphakathi: ukukhanya, isithunzi kanye nawo wonke amapende we-rainbow
Ake sazise ngokushesha: umsebenzi owenziwe yizimpumputhe ezingaphakathi, i-bay. Uhlangothi oluseceleni, lunikeza ukukhanya okuthile kwekamelo, okuyinto ngokwako ngokwako ngokwako ngokwako ngokwako noma okunye okuhlobisa (ukufika okungaqondakali, ukugcwala okugcwele, umdlalo wokukhanya nesithunzi, ukugeleza okuqinile kwemisebe ekhazimulayo). Uhlangothi oluqinile, izimpumputhe zesimanje zivame ukungibonisa iwebhu enemibala eyodwa, kepha uhlobo lwemidwebo, umdwebo wazo osungula abaculi abaqeqeshiwe.
Okokuqala, kufanele unqume ukuthi iyiphi indawo yangaphakathi ofuna ukuyisebenzisa izimpumputhe. Ayikho imikhawulo kule akhawunti ayikho - izobe ilungile kuyo yonke indawo, isuka egumbini lokuhlala liye endlini yokugezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amathiphu aphathelene nokukhethwa kohlobo oluthile lwezimpumputhe zohlobo oluthile zingabonakala kuphela njengezincomo.
Izimpumputhe zokhuni ezivundlile ziyi-classic, kungenzeka zinezelwa amakhethini asendulo ezakha amafolda amahle. Kulokhu, ingaphakathi lizothola i-parade ekhethekile ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi, ngokungangabazeki, izimpumputhe ezinhle zokhuni ezivundlile. Ubunzima obukhulu ukukhetha komthunzi owufunayo. Kuyadingeka ukubheka umbala wefenisha, izindonga, iminyango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma yonke ingaphakathi ixazululwa "esihlahleni", lokhu akwenzi lula umsebenzi. Ama-stereotypes ajwayelekile anguhlobo olulodwa lwesihlahla, ngokugcwala okufanayo nombala. Lokhu akulona iphutha, kepha hhayi impumelelo endaweni yokuhlobisa. Vumelana, kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukukhetha hhayi ukwakheka okufanayo kanye nemithunzi, kepha kuhlangene ngokuvumelanayo (ukubonisana komklami onolwazi lapha kuzofanela nakho). Njengomthetho, abakhiqizi banikela ngamasampula amaLamellas, ngakho-ke ikhasimende ngalinye lithola ithuba elihle 'lokuhamba endaweni ". Uma i-classic ecaleni lakho inomthetho obonakalayo, sizokweluleka ukuthi ukhethe ama-tutter nge-bamboo noma ngokhuni olunamanzi. I-Rio de Janeiro kwelinye ethathwe eceleni, kepha hhayi isixazululo senkinga!
Izimpumputhe zokhuni zilungele ikhaya, elihlotshiswe ngesitayela sezwe esidumile.
Ngendlela, siyaphawula: Ukuba khona kwezimpumputhe akusho ukuthi ukungabikho kwamakhethini, amakhethini namakhethini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, inhlanganisela yabo efanelekile inganikeza indawo okwakuvela kuyo, okwakukhona, eqinisweni futhi kuhlobisa. Ukuluma, ngokwesibonelo, le nketho izokwakha umuzwa wokuncipha, umhlahlandlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpumputhe kuleli cala akufanele zihlukaniswe yiqhaza elisizayo 'lokufiphaza'. Isincomo kuphela ukusebenzisa iwebhu enemibala eyodwa ngezinhloso ezinjalo.
Izimpumputhe ezimile ezifakwe ekuvuleni ngewindows zibukeke zigcizelelwa ngesitayela sanamuhla, noma kunjalo, uma sikhuluma ngesilungiselelo se-parade - izindlela ezifanele zokwakhiwa kwayo ziyizimpumputhe zayo. Lokhu kusungulwa kwabakhiqizi baseRussia kutholwe ukuthandwa okukhulu. Futhi akunjalo. Okokuqala, inhlanganisela yezinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene ihlinzeka ngamathuba angenamkhawulo wokuwohloka kwemibono ecishe kube yimiphi imicabango. Ngakho-ke, izimpumputhe zingalingisa indwangu yekhethini, zidlulise amafolda womdlalo, ukuthungwa kwezindwangu eziyigugu .p. Okwesibili, amamodeli anjalo akuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izinketho zakho zokuhlobisa. Isibonelo, uma i-Living Likakhakha neKhabhinethi livame ukukhethwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwemibala (yize lo mbono uxhuma ngokunembile izithunzi ezihlukile), khona-ke izingane zikhona zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezihlekisayo "zombala".
Ngaphakathi kwanamuhla, izimpumputhe kwesinye isikhathi zilungele okungaphezulu kwamakhethini, ngoba ekuqaleni zivela ku-laconicity kanye nokulula, zaziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi se-minimalism. Endabeni, zombili amamodeli avundlile ne-verical enziwe ngokhuni, izindwangu, ipulasitiki noma i-aluminium zizolunga ngokuphelele. I-Original Designer Clockling of Lamellas ehlukile ngombala nokudweba. I-Pestrot, ikhethwe kahle futhi "kusekelwa" ezinye izinto zezangaphakathi kwakha umphumela wokuhlobisa ongathobeki. Ukukhetha phakathi kwenketho evundlile ne-vertical akwanele, ngaphandle kwekhishi, njengoba sesiphawulile, ama-lamellas amile awafanele.
Eqinisweni, thatha izimpumputhe kufanele zifane namakhethini. Into esemqoka ukubheka izici zezindiza zombala oyinhloko: ubulili, uphahla kanye nezindonga.
Ukugeza okukhulu, noma inkathazo encane
Vele, ngezikhathi ezithile izimpumputhe kuzodingeka zigeze, zisule noma zihlanzeke ngesicoci se-vacuum.
I-Prey-Blue Tint of Plind ye-Blinds iyavumelana ne-Blue Tablecloth - Isibonelo sesixazululo esiphumelelayo sokuhlobisa ukuze sithembeke, okungcono kakhulu futhi okuncane (kodwa hhayi okushibhile (kepha hhayi okushibhile (kepha hhayi okushibhile) okukhethwa kukho - ukunikeza ama-shuttern inkampani efanayo wathengisa futhi wafaka. I-algorithm yezenzo ezengeziwe yile: Umuntu uza kuwe, ususa izimpumputhe, azikhiphe futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili zibuya zihlanzekile. Izindleko zomsebenzi zingama- $ 3 nge-1m2, kepha amanye amafemu ane-oda elincane okungenani ama- $ 60. Ngamanye amagama, uma indawo yezimpumputhe yakho ingaphansi kuka-20m2 (okungukuthi, njengomthetho, kwenzeka), kusenzeka ukuthi ukhokhe u- $ 60. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi ngenxa yokuguqulwa okungafanele, izimpumputhe ziphulukayo. Ngemuva kwalokho bangalungiswa futhi kwinkampani yomenzi noma bathole izakhi ezidingekayo. Kodwa-ke, amacala achazwe ngenhla ahlobana nesigaba sokungeqisa. Uma uphatha izimpumputhe ngokwanele ukucophelela futhi ungayinaki imithetho yokusebenza yokuqala yokusebenza, ukugeza okukhulu ngeke kudingeke kungekudala.
Uma ukuvulwa kwewindows kunciphile impela, izimpumputhe eziqonde mpo zizoba khona kakhulu! Ayikho imikhiqizo ekhethekile yokunakekelwa edinga amamodeli wensimbi, amapulasitiki kanye nezinkuni. Bona, ngaphandle kokususa i-lamella, sula noma bahlanzeke ngesicoci se-vacuum, kanye nama-detegents asetshenziswa kuphela ngokungcoliswa okukhulu. Izimpumputhe ezinamahloni kakhulu. Ngeke baze baphathwe kuphela nge-vacuum cleaner, kodwa futhi bahlanze (hhayi kuphela emotweni, futhi bahlanze ibhulashi (cishe kanye ngonyaka). Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuhlanza owomile kuphela (ibhulashi noma umshini we-vacuum) ofanele izicubu ezithile. Imikhiqizo ye-Fissure ixubha ngebhulashi elithambile noma i-rag efakwe emzimbeni. Uma ngabe indawo ivele ku-canvase, kuzodingeka i-remover yemvelo yemvelo. Waqanjwa ngaphambi kokugeza ngobumnene kumgijimi, ukunqamula iketanga eliphansi. I-lamella ngayinye kufanele igoqele i-roll, cwilisa emanzini nge-powder bese ushiya ukulala phansi. Ungalokothi ukhiphe! Ngemuva kwalokho ama-lamellas asuswa futhi alenga endaweni. Siyaqondaniswa futhi siyakhulisa. Indwangu esezingeni eliphakeme ngemuva kokugeza ingangenwa, ngakho-ke noma ngabe ungasindi ekuthengeni, noma ...
Ukubalwa okulinganiselwa kwezindleko zokuphuphuthekisa
Inani eliphelele lezimpumputhe zenziwa ngezinto ezimbalwa. Cabanga ngesibonelo esijwayelekile: Unqume ukuthenga imodeli yezicubu eziqonde mpo yewindi egumbini lokuhlala (usayizi wayo ungo-1.81.5m) bese uyinamathisela njengamakhethini ajwayelekile odongeni ngaphezulu kwefasitela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngaphambi kokukhiqiza ukubala, ububanzi nokuphakama kwewindows kumele kwengezwe ngo-10-15 cm.
Ngakho-ke ububanzi be-canvas: 1.5 + 20.1 = 1.7 m; Ukuphakama kwe-canvas: 1.8 + 20.1 = 2m; Indawo ye-canvas: 1.7 2 = 3.4 m2. Izindleko Ezizonke Zendwangu Yezimpumputhe ze- $ 20 nge-1M2: 3,420 = $ 60.8.
Izindleko zokufaka zingama-10% entengo ephelele, okungukuthi, esimweni sethu, cishe ama- $ 6. Kepha ezimweni eziningi kukhona nezindleko zokufaka okungenani, ezilinganiselwa kuma-ruble angama-200. Okungukuthi, noma ngabe usayizi wewindows, awunakho ukukhokha ngaphansi kwaleli nani. Ukukalwa, njengomthetho, kumahhala, bese kuthi izindleko zizonke izimpumputhe kanye nokufakwa yilezi: $ 60,8 + $ 7 = $ 67.8.
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga i-Simplex Group, Promafa, "Induduzo", "Rio" ukuze uthole usizo ekulungiseni okuqukethwe.