Ama-eaves nama-icocles abizekile emananini. Ukuxazulula inkinga - Izinhlelo zokulwa nophahla zophahla.
1 - Shell;
2 - I-COPPER Braid;
3 - Ukuhlukaniswa;
4 - Izintambo
Ubusika emaphethelweni ethu kuyaqabukela kwenzeka ngokulinganayo ukubanda noma, kunalokho, kufudumele. Kaningi, i-thaw ithathelwa indawo yiqhwa, iqhwa - thaw. Isiguli salesi simo kubantu abanikazi bendlu yezwe abaningi bavela inkinga enzima - ama-cornices ama-icy kanye nama-icocles emananini. Ungalwa neqhwa usebenzisa uhlelo lokulwa nocing.
Kungani i-ice libi
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zezulu, isisindo sezimpawu kuphela ngosuku olulodwa zingakhuphuka ngamashumi amakhilogremu amaningana. Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka okuhle kwesigaxa seqhwa kuzoba yingozi impela kubo bonke abahlali ekhaya. Yebo, ukuthi, uzocabanga, amathuba okuwa kwe-icicle akuphezulu kakhulu, kepha uma kungenzeka, kungadilizwa yinoma yiliphi igiya. Kungani uchitha imali ngokubeka ezinye izinhlelo ngokumelene nokwakheka kwe-Ice?Eqinisweni, inkinga ye-icing yophahla ibanzi kakhulu kunombuzo, icicle izowela noma cha. Hhayi ukuphela kokuphulwa kwezixuku zeqhwa ezinkulu ngokwanele kudala ingozi yangempela empilweni yabantu futhi kungalimaza kuphela izimoto, kodwa futhi nezinto zokwakha zendlu. Ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kweqhwa, umthwalo wemishini ezintweni ezandayo zophahla, amabakaki okuqinisa amapayipi ama-drainage kanye nemisele, okuholela ekunciphiseni impilo yakho yenkonzo, ngakho-ke, ukunyuka kwezindleko zakho ze umsebenzi ofanele wokulungisa. Njengoba imisele nama-gurters avalelwa nge-ice, amanzi ngesikhathi sekwindla-entwasahlobo nasebusika ngesikhathi sensade noma ukugeleza ku-facade, noma ukubambezeleka ebusweni bophahla. Ekuqaleni, ukuvuza kungenzeka. Futhi-ke bahlushwa izitezi ezingenhla zendlu nengxenye ye-facade eduze kwe-drain and endends (okungukuthi, imigqa yezinkinobho zezindiza zophahla). Umphumela wokuhlanza okwenziwe ngophahla kophahla olukhulayo ngokugcwele. Lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu, futhi uphahla ngokwayo lungakwazi ukufunga okuningana, ngoba izinto eziningi zophahla (ithayela lensimbi, insimbi eyenziwe ngensimbi, ithusi) lizwela kakhulu emisebenzini.
Kuyavela ukuthi kuyadingeka ukulwa neqhwa. Futhi lapha uhlelo lokufudumeza lukagesi lwalezo zingxenye zophahla lungasizakala, lapho amathuba wokwakhiwa kwawo okubaluleke kakhulu. Okusemqoka kwalolu hlobo njengento evuthayo kusetshenziswa amakhebuli akhethekile afakwe emigodini nasezitokisini. Ngenxa yalokhu, iqhwa elehlisiwe aliphenduki libe yiqhwa, nangendlela yokuncibilika kwamanzi ageleze emhlabathini.
Konke eqhweni!
Yini engaphikisana nemvelo esemvelweni? Mhlawumbe ubuchwepheshe besimanje bukhona kuphela. Lapho kudala amasistimu okulwa nokulwa nocing, onjiniyela baqhubeka ngokucatshangelwa ukuthi kuyazuzisa kakhulu ukushisa amanzi okuncibilika, ngaphandle kokukunikeza ku-Ice evele kunamaqhwa. Uma kwenzeka, kuzothatha amandla amaningi amancane, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuzoba yizomnotho ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo phakathi nobusika kanye ne-offsoason ukuhambisana namanzi ophahleni kuya ezingeni lomhlabathi, akuvumelekile nje ukuwukhulula ezintweni ezisophahleni nakwindlela efanayo Ukuvuza, kulimaze ukuqeda i-facade nokuqinisa amapayipi okuphuma. Lona umbono olula ngokufanelekile emhlolweni waso ngendlela yenkimbinkimbi yobunjiniyela obuyinkimbinkimbi. Umgomo womsebenzi wakhe uyakwazi ukuwenza okulandelayo.
Ezindaweni "ezingezinhle" zophahla (ama-gutters, ama-gutters, abadobi, zikunike amandla.), Lapho kumiswa khona kakhulu, nakuyo yonke indlela yamanzi anciphile, ikhebula lokushisa elivela kumandla kagesi ovela ku-230V libekwe . Ukushisa kulawula i-thermostat ekhethekile etholwayo eyamukela imiyalo kusuka ezinzwaneni eyodwa noma eziningi ezifakwe ophahleni. Lezi zingaba izinzwa zokushisa, umswakama womoya kanye nomvukutholwa, inzwa yokutholakala kwamanzi. Lapho nje sebebonile ukuthi lezo zimo zifaka isandla ekwakhekeni kweqhwa emkhathini (futhi lokhu kwenzeka, ngesikhathi sokubusa, ukuncibilika kwesizini okubandayo noma i-armostat ( noma i-thermostat ehlelekile, uhlobo lwesiteshi se-meteorological sasekhaya) "isebenze" ukugeleza kukagesi, futhi ikhebula lokushisa liqala ukugqamisa ukushisa. Amanzi akhiqizwa ngokukhululeka futhi avele ngokukhululeka emithonjeni, amathreyi kanye nokudonsa amanzi.
Kungani kuvela izithonjana
Ngokwakhe, iqhwa elawa ophahleni alimeleli ingozi. Inkinga yonke ukuthi isisindo seqhwa siqala ukuphenduka eqhweni ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezimbili - i-technogenic nemvelo. Ukushisa kwansuku zonke komoya kuyashintsha ngokufinyelela ku-15c. Futhi ngama-oscillations ebangeni kusuka ku- +3 ... + 5c phakathi nosuku kuya ku -6 ...- 10c ebusuku adalwe yizimo ezinhle kakhulu zokwakhiwa komhlaba. Amanzi e-Melta ekuqaleni ageleza ngokwengxenye, amaqhude athile, adala phansi ama-Ice. Kepha ngokushesha nje lapho izindlela ziboshelwe ophahleni ukuze kuncishwe amanzi asheshayo, lapho kwenzeka okushisa okungemuhle kuqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngomthelela omfishane wokushisa (ngokwesibonelo, imisebe yelanga evelele), ama-plugs eqhwa awancibiliki, kepha kuphela ukwanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugcwala okunama-icy okuphelele, ama-corks nama-iculo amamitha ambalwa ubude futhi kunesisindo esifinyelela kumakhulu amakhilogremu, kusongela ubuqotho bohlelo lwamanzi lungakhiwa khona.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuvela komehluko wokushisa phakathi kwengxenye ephakathi yophahla nonqenqemeni, lapho kutholakala khona imisele. Kungavela ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ukushisa okuvame kakhulu kucwila ngaphezulu kwe-overlaps ephezulu nophahla, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa lengxenye eliphakathi lophahla liphakeme kunamazinga okushisa ahamba emgwaqweni. Umehluko wokushisa uyakhuphuka uma kungekho okukhohlisayo endlini, uma ama-underpants akhiwa kabusha ngaphansi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala noma kukhona amathangi okukhipha, anjengamanzi aphezulu, njll. Isendlalelo esiphansi sekhava efudumele ngophahla olufudumele Kumiswa, kuphenduka amanzi ancibilikisiwe agelezela emadodeni abandayo futhi aqhakaze lapho, avimba okunye ukususwa kwamanzi. Ama-Masards, ama-turrets, zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ophahleni oluyinkimbinkimbi ngama-engeli angaphakathi, amasayithi avundlile kanye nama-prollars "wokuphapha amafasitela kusuka emfashini ungaphumi. Futhi, maye, neqhaza ekwakhekeni kwesembozo seqhwa. By the way, kusuka kulokhu kubukwa, ochwepheshe babheka okusebenzayo kakhulu phakathi maphakathi nophahla olubekiwe lwefomu elilula kakhulu nge-30 inketho engcono yeqhwa elingcono.
Ngenxa yemisebe yelanga emingceleni yesembozo seqhwa, ukuncibilika kuyasebenza. Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-meteorologists, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe izinguquko zokushisa ezingama-70 ziqoshwa ngaphezulu kwe-0C. Yilezi zinguquko zokushintshana kwansuku zonke ziholela ekupholiseni okusheshayo komoya (yingakho imisele), ngenkathi inqwaba yeqhwa ophahleni, kanye nezinto zophahla uqobo, zingonga ukushisa isikhathi esithile.
Imvamisa, uhlelo lokulwa nokulwa nokushisa kophahla nokudonsa kuqukethe ama-subsystems ahlukahlukene asebenzayo. Okokuqala, yingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi "Ingxenye Yokushisa" - Izintambo Zokushisa Zangempela, okumele kube ngugesi kuphephile, okuhlala isikhathi eside, kungamelana nokukhanya kwelanga kanye nemvula yomoya. Ingxenye ebalulekile ye- "Heating" Subsystem yizo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezisheshayo. Balungisa izintambo zokufudumeza endaweni ebekwe phansi kanye nezinhlaka zemisele. Futhi, okwesibili, inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa iqoqo lamandla kanye nokusayina (imininingwane) amakheshana namashidi okushintsha izintambo. Lesi sihloko esiphansi sinikeza izibopho ukuhlinzeka ngamandla kuzo zonke izakhi zengxenye yokufudumala futhi ufeze amasiginali entengo avela ezinzwa ephaneli lokulawula. "Inhliziyo" ye-Anti-Icing Complex uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo lapho kuhileleka khona ama-thermostators akhethekile, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, imishini yokuguqula ukugeleza nokuvikela.
Ukushisa kugijimela izintambo
Manje yisikhathi sokukhuluma ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlelo. Ake siqale ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ngezinto zokushisa. Indima ye-heater ezakhiweni ezilwa ne-icing idlalwa ngamakhebuli akhethekile. Ukuqokwa kwabo ukuguqula ama-Electros wakamuva ukushisa okugeleza kuyo. Ngakho-ke, amandla ngeyunithi ngayinye (ukukhishwa okushibhile okuqondile) yipharamitha yawo ebaluleke kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe. Ikhebula libunjiwe futhi lilungiswe ezindaweni zokuhlose okuhlosiwe, eceleni kophahla nophahla, ekuphethweni, ezizungeze izakhiwo (amalambu, amapayipi, amafasitela aseMansard, njll.), Kanye nalo lonke uhlelo lokudonsa. Ophahleni olufulethi nophahla olunomthambeka omncane (kuze kube ngu-30), ikhebula lokushisa livame ukufakwa ngaphezulu kobuso bonke noma lapho bethola ama-funnels nezindawo eziseduze ne-drainage.Izintambo zokumelana zinokuphikiswa okungashintshiwe okungashintshiwe kanye nobude obungaguquki futhi kuqukethe umnyombo wensimbi kaphethiloli, ukufakwa, i-Copper Braid kanye negobolondo elingaphandle. Namuhla, imakethe yaseRussia iveza izintambo zokulwa nokuvuka amafemu anjengokuthi "amasistimu akhethekile nobuchwepheshe", noma i-cst (i-clemen), i-ceilhit), i-dexan yaseNorway njenge (Alcaterl, Norway / France), Devi (Denmark).
Njengomthetho, lapho ukubekwa kusetshenziswa noma yiziphi izingxenye zekhebula, noma ikhebula elinikezwe emigqonyeni (imigqomo). Izingxenye sezivele zilungele ukulungiswa lapho ingxenye yekhebula elinqunyelwe eline-clutch ekhethekile efektri idilizwe ngentambo ebizwa nge- "Cold End" - Intambo yokuphakelayo eyenzelwe ukuxhumanisa ukushisa ("okushisayo") nge inethiwekhi kagesi. Ubude be "Ends ebandayo" buhlelwe futhi bungu-0.75-3M. Ama-Exs of the Izintambo Zokuphakelayo aqiniswa ebhokisini le-terminal Distribul, lapho ahlanjululwe khona namanye amapayipi kagesi, lapho kuhlinzekwa khona amandla kagesi esihlangu samandla. Ngakho-ke, eqinisweni, isigaba sokushisa siyinto esemqoka yohlelo lokulwa nokushintsha, kanye nokuhlangana okuxhuma izintambo ezibandayo ngokushisa njalo nekhebula elivuthayo liyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokwakheka kwawo wonke umklamo. Impilo yenkonzo yesistimu incike ekuthembekeni kohlelo, ngakho-ke abakhiqizi bavame ukuzwa isigaba sokushisa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo kakhulu. Amafemu amaningi axhumanisa imithambo yokufudumeza ikhebula ngezintambo ezibandayo esebenzisa imikhono enobuhlakani bemishini. Lezo zibekwa ebhokisini lepulasitiki bese zigcwalisa nge-mastic ekhethekile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukwethenjwa nokuqina kokuxhumeka. Sika izingxenye ezenziwe ngomumo azikwazi.
Enye inketho ukubeka ikhebula lokufudumeza kusuka emibhedeni. Intambo enjalo inqunywa ngqo endaweni yokubeka, nokuxhuma ukuhlanganisa okugcina ukushisa kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ama-wiring amandla noma ezinye izingxenye zokushisa.
Amafemu amaningi akhiqiza izingxenye ezenziwe ngomumo zokushisa, nentambo emidlalweni. Ngakho-ke, izintambo zochungechunge lwe-DSIG zivela ku-devi, i-SVK eshisayo evela ku-Thermo, iTassu kusuka ku-Ensto ihlinzekwa ngezigaba ngobude obuhleliwe bokushisa. Izintambo ezise-bobbins zinikeza i-ceilhit, i-nexan, devi, tash, njll. Kepha ukwenza izingxenye zanoma yibuphi ubude. Ubude bekhebula kungenxa yezimpawu ezinjenge-voltage esetshenzisiwe. Amandla okushisa okushisa ancike ngosayizi wengxenye. I-Krymera, ukuthola amandla adingekayo ka-30W / m. Yekhebula ngokumelana kwama-70m / m. Sidinga ubude be-15.5m. Uma kuncane, ikhebula lizokweqa uma lingafinyeleli amandla okuqamba ama-hiking.
Inkinga yokwakheka komhlaba ilungele kakhulu ukubanda ebusika, kepha ngezikhathi zethanga, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lidlula zero namanzi kusuka eqhweni eliphansi elicishe libe yiqhwa ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi ku-+3 ... + 4c is wet enemvula, futhi ukushisa i-drainage kumane nje kudingekile. Amazinga okushisa aphansi okuncibilika kweqhwa ophahleni kumiswa. Inkomba Le nqubo ime ku-0s. Kepha selokhu isakhiwo silahlekelwa yingxenye yokushisa ophahleni, amanzi angadonsa ama-grooves naku-at -10s. Imvamisa uphahla akunawo amandla okufakelwa; Amakhaya amaningi, ahlelwe kabusha, abe nezitezi ze-attic lapho ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu, futhi, ngokufanele, ukwakheka kweqhwa ophahleni kwenzeka kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokulwa ne-icing emazingeni okushisa angaphansi -15с, njengomthetho, akudingeki. Okokuqala, kulokhu, kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kutholakale futhi kunciphise inani lomswakama ngenxa yokulahleka kokushisa kophahla ngokwalo. Okwesibili, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, inani lemvula eyehlayo ngendlela yeqhwa liyancishiswa.
Akusabiseko uma iqhwa liwela ngesikhathi sezulu esinamandla. Ukuyincibilikisa, kuzodingeka, ngombono, ubeke imicu engu-3 noma engu-4. Kepha lokhu ukwanda kwezindleko zohlelo 2 noma ama-3. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukulinda, lapho ukufudumala neqhwa kuzoqala ukuphakamisa. Kungakho imodi yokusebenza yezinhlelo ikhawulelwe ekushiseni okungama-16 ...- 15c.
Kuze kube manje, abakhiqizi bakhiqiza izintambo zokumelana noma umnyombo owodwa (ngokuhlala eyodwa yokushisa), noma umklamo wamabhodlela amabili (ukufudumala okukodwa, ukuxhumeka kwesibili). Isigaba esinocingo olulodwa oluyisisekelo esixhunyiwe kunethiwekhi yokuhlinzekwa kuzona zombili iziphetho, kanye nentambo emibili kuphela kusuka ekugcineni (okuphambene nalokho kukhona ipulaki, ngaphakathi kwemithambo yokushisa nemithambo yokuxhuma exhunyiwe). Ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo zokufudumeza izindlu ezimbili kulula kakhulu lapho ufaka, kepha abiza kakhulu kune-yunithi elilodwa. Ukushisa imithambo kuvikelwe ngokufakwa kwesisindo esiphakeme se-molecular isisindo, ngaphezulu kwalapho kufakwa khona enye isendlalelo sokufakelwa, bese kuba ne-Copper evikela i-braid. Ngaphandle, ikhebula livikelwe igobolondo elinamandla elinamandla le-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) noma kusuka ezinombolweni ze-fluoropolymer.
Kuyiqiniso, umenzi ngamunye unakekela ukuthi ikhebula lakhe lisebenza isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi lithembeke kakhulu. Isibonelo, izintambo ezibucayi zokumelana ze-SVK zokumelana ezivela emithanjeni yamanje ye-thermo zivikelwe yi-braid eshunyekiwe evela ku-bouddy yethusi. Ukufakwa kwangaphakathi, imithambo yenziwa ngerabha ye-silicone, imelana namaconsi okushisa. Ukufakwa okwengeziwe kuyifilimu ephezulu ye-polyester ephezulu. Intambo ngokwayo iqiniswa ne-fiberglass, kanye negobolondo langaphandle lenziwe nge-PVC. Emakethe yaseRussia, izintambo ezivela eCeilhit ngeTeflon Coating yemithambo zivele, okwenza kube khona ukuthi kungabi kuphela ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lento yokushisa (kuze kufike ku-50-60 ° C), kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukufana kokushisa ukucwila.
Njengokuhlukahluka okuhlukile ekilasini le- "heater izintambo", ungasho okubizwa ngokuthi yizintambo ze-zonal. Bethulwa, ngokwesibonelo, imikhiqizo ye-HeatTrace (United Kingdom) ne-CST. Into kaphethiloli lapha yizingcezu zocingo ezivela ekumelaneni okuphezulu kwe-alloy, ephakeme kubaqhubi ababili abasebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinyathelo se- "Spiral" esihlanganisiwe ngalezi zindlu asisekho ngaphezu kwe-1m. Ngakho-ke, kwakhiwa izindawo zokuhlanza ukushisa, zixhunyiwe ngokufana. Intambo inezindawo eziningi zokushisa futhi ingasetshenziswa yizicucu. Ukubanciphisa, awuzibeki engcupheni yokuphula umsebenzi walo lonke iketanga. Izintambo ze-zonal kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "i-quasis-corlating", ngoba ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka zingasikwa "endaweni" kuya kwezicucu, ubude obukhulu bendawo yokufudumeza, ngqo endaweni yokufudumala, ngqo esikhungweni. Ngaleyo ndlela kwehlisa ngaphezulu kwekhebula.
Izintambo ze-zonal zinokuhlukaniswa okukhethekile kokushisa kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-200W / M (kuya ngengxenye yesiphambano ye-Spiral) futhi kunikwa amandla kusuka emaphethelweni. Kunconywa ukuthi kubekwe ophahleni, kumanzi amade nande amade (40m nokuningi), kanye nasezinhlelweni lapho ukuntuleka komhlaba okuphelele kuyadingeka. IVitoga ivela ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye isici esiqinile sekhebula le-zonal liqala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesithunzi.
Uhlobo oluhlukile lwezintambo zokumelana lungabhekwa njengezinguqulo zabo ezihlotshisweyo nge-braid eyengeziwe eyodwa noma ephindwe kabili kusuka ku-Steel Galvanized izintambo - ukuvikela okuthembekile ekulimaleni kwemishini. Indawo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezinjalo ibeka ku-concrete screed ngelungiselelo lezinhlelo zokufudumeza izindawo ezivulekile, ama-ramp, izinyathelo, kanye namathremu okudonsa ukhonkolo.
| Uhlobo lwekhebula | Ukuqokwa okuyinhloko | Uhla lwamandla, w / m | Ubude bengxenye | Ukusebenza ophahleni | Intengo, $ / m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -Melenisa | Amapayipi afudumele, amathreyi, ama-drains | 5-30; Amandla ahleliwe | Kulungisiwe, 10-200 m | -Ngaphansi | 2.5-5 |
| Ukuzilawula | Amapayipi afudumele, amathreyi, ama-drains | 5-60; Amandla aguquguqukayo | Noma ngubani ufinyelela ku-150 m, ukusika endaweni | -Gcwele | 13-25 |
| Indawo | Amapayipi afudumele, amathileyi | I-10-80; Amandla ahleliwe okungenzeka kokulungiswa okungenamqondo | Noma ngubani ufinyelela ku-150 m, ukusika endaweni | Kufudumele amanzi amade | 3-10. |
| Anzonele | Isikhala esivulekile esivuthayo, i-drainage | I-20-60; Amandla ahleliwe | Ilungisiwe, ngamathuba okukhuphuka endaweni ye-1-2 m | Ama-drains afudumele, ama-drippers, amathreyi ukhonkolo | 2-4 |
ERussia, izintambo zokumelana ne- "Armor" zethulwa ikakhulu yinkampani yenkampani. Ikhiqiza, ikakhulukazi, ikhebula elimelana nezindlu ezimbili ze-TSB yamandla aphezulu (kuze kufike ku-30W / m) ngokushisa uphahla, ukudonsa kwamanzi kanye neziza zangaphandle. Umkhiqizo unamandla aphezulu wemishini kanye nokumelana nokugcwala ngokweqile kwesikhashana. Uma kunesidingo, ungakhetha ikhebula futhi ngesizukulwane esiphezulu sokushisa, ngokwesibonelo, i-EM2-XR e-RICHECHEM inomthamo ofinyelela ku-130W / m. Ukudayela okuthi "okulehlisiwe" kufanele kufake amakhebula we-PSV (indawo yokuhlala, nge-coaxial yethusi yensimbi yensimbi) kusuka ku-ceilhit, i-Kima Armor D kusuka ku-Kima, kanye ne-MBC Armored Cable ekhiqizwe yi-CST egobolondweni le-polymer.
Izintambo zokumelana neRussia zishibhile. Ngokuqondene nemikhiqizo engenisiwe, i-1POG.m yekhebula lanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Brand $ 1.5-5. Izinketho zamakamelo amabili zibiza kakhulu kune-liner-liner ecishe ibe ngu- $ 0.05-0.1. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene isezingeni eliphakeme elifanayo. Ikhebula elimelana lokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kohlelo lokulwa ne-icing "teploskat" kusuka ku-CST kubiza cishe ama- $ 2.5-3 nge-1pog.m.
Ngokuphikisana nezintambo zokumelana, zokuzilawula ngokuziphendulela ngokuzenzakalelayo zishintsha ngokuzenzakalela kokushisa kwazo ngokuya ngokushisa kwemvelo yangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lokushisa elikhishwe liyahlukahluka, ukuze likhulume, endaweni ngayinye: isigaba ngasinye sekhebula "esivumelana" nezimo eziseduze. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? I-matrix ebizwa ngokuthi i-matrix eyenziwe nge-polymer ngokungezwa kwezinto eziphakelayo zekhabhoni futhi itholakala phakathi kwezinto ezimbili zamanje zenziwa njengento yokushisa ezindabeni zokuzilawula. Lapho indawo ye-Cable isezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, okuqukethwe kwento yokushisa kucindezelwe, ukumelana kwehla, ukudlula kwamanje nge-matrix, futhi lokho kuhlukanisa amandla ashisayo. Lokho wukuthi, ecepwini elibandayo lekhebula, ukugeleza kwamanje hhayi lapho kuphila, kepha ngaphesheya, kusuka komunye umthambo uye kwelinye. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuliswa, ukumelana kukagesi kwe-matrix kuba phezulu kakhulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni okubukhali ekushiseni kokushisa. Isizukulwane samandla sezintambo zishintsha futhi kuya ngokuthi yiphi indawo ebonakalayo, isho, ngamanzi ancibilikisiwe noma emoyeni. Ukusebenza okusebenzayo kwezinhlelo ezimweni zesimo sezulu saseRussia, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kunentambo eyanele ngesizukulwane esithile sokushisa ku-0с-36w / m e-Melt Water kanye no-18W / M. Emoyeni.
Emakethe yethu, izintambo zokuzilawula ngokwakho zimelelwa ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene (kusuka ku-13 kuye ku-66W / m). Kwanele ukuqamba ama-D3 kusuka kuRaychem-isopad (Germany), i-GM-2x evela kuRaychem (USA), uchungechunge lwe-G-Trace kusuka ku-NEXANS, RGS-2 kusuka ku-thermon et al. Amanani awo, okungenani amahlandla ama-4 aphakeme kunamaphilisi. Lokhu kuchazwa yizimpawu eziphakeme zabathengi kanye nokuqina kwabasebenzi bokukhiqiza. Njengomthetho, ikhebula elihle lokuzilawula lingatholakala ngentengo okungenani engu- $ 11 ye-1pog.m. Imikhiqizo evela e-Europe ibiza u- $ 10-30 nge-1pog.m. Imikhiqizo eminingana eshibhile (CST) - kusuka ku- $ 11.2 kuya ku- $ 12,4.
Uma uqala ukubona kubonakala sengathi ungagcina, ukuthola esitolo umkhiqizo oshibhile. Eqinisweni, uhlelo lwekhebula langempela ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wokufaka akunangqondo. Njengomthetho, amafemu amakhulu wokufaka asebenza nabathengisi abathile bezinto zokwakha nemishini. Sinomqondo othile, ngoba inkampani iqoqa okuhlangenwe nakho ekuklameni kanye nokuzivumelanisa kahle kohlelo lwezimo zaseRussia. Ukukhuluma, iqembu le-KPD lezinkampani ligibela amasistimu alwa ne-icing asuselwa kumakhebuli we-devi, inkampani iSamris isebenzisa izintambo zokuzilawula kusuka ku-rash, i-sim ross isebenza nemikhiqizo evela kumaNexans, iTeploscat-based Products isuselwa izintambo zokukhiqizwa kwayo.
Uhlobo luni lwekhebula olungcono okufanele ulukhethe? Izintambo zokumelana zinikeza amandla aphezulu omthelela futhi, uma kunesidingo, angabekwa emicu emincane (ngokwesibonelo, amakhebuli ane-tash ngamandla asheshayo angama-25-30w / m ngokuvamile afakwe emanzini amabili noma amathathu). Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla wethonya eliphezulu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ubude bekhebuli edingekayo futhi wehlise inani lama-fasteners. Umugqa ogcina ukuncipha kokumelana nokusatshalaliswa kwentambo unikeza amathuba okushisa cishe noma yiziphi izinto zophahla. Izintambo zokumelana ziyi-elastic, zine-radius encane evumelekile yokugoba (i-oda le-100mm) futhi liwela kahle endaweni ophahleni lwanoma ikuphi ubunzima.
Vele, izintambo zalolu hlobo zishibhile, kepha zinamaphutha amaningi athile. Enye yazo isidingo sokunakekelwa okungapheli nokunakekelwa. Ukususwa ngokunembile, ngezikhathi ezithile ophahleni lwemfucumfucu, okungenani ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ebusika, okungeyona into elula uma uphahla ophahleni oluthambile noma nge-slides ethambile. Ukuntuleka okukhulu kokumelana nokumelana kwentambo okulungiselelwe ngaphezulu kobude besigaba. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kwezingxenye ngazinye zekhebula, ukuhlukaniswa kokushisa kuhlala kufana. Cabanga: Isigaba esisodwa sesigaba silele ophahleni oluhlanzekile, owesibili - ngaphansi kwenqwaba yamahlamvu awile, kanye nongqimba lweqhwa lwesithathu olungaphansi. Izinzwa, ziphendula umswakama ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa, faka uhlelo, kepha yileso sigaba kuphela esisebenza ngeqhwa ngokuphumelelayo, esiseqhweni, okusele nje kufudumele umoya, ukuchitha ugesi kuchithekile. Amahlamvu amabele yintambo futhi angangenisa ikhebula.
Izintambo zokuzilawula ziguqula ukuhlukaniswa kwazo kokushisa ngokuya ngezimo eziseduzane nokushisa. Isibonelo, amamodeli we-GM-2X avela eRaychem, FSR 31 kusuka ku-CST, lesi sihloko senkomba sisuka ku-10 kuye ku-40W / m. Ukuvalwa ngamandla ikhebula elimelana njalo liqokomisa i-30WW / M, kodwa ebusika bamandla anjalo kungahle kube nokuncane, futhi entwasahlobo, kakhulu. I-Aesley inaka ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo - ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, nansi ikhebula lokuzilawula ngaphandle komncintiswano. "Uzizwa" mandlaphi futhi angakanani amandla okunikeza amandla. Uma amanzi ahlukanisa amanzi ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi, kungakuhle ukuthi ubeke emapayipi angamelana nalo, kepha izintambo zokuzilawula. Zibekwe lapho, lapho kunengozi yophahla oluboshwe kanye nemisele yoshizi ewile, imbewu namaqabunga ezihlahla.
Intambo yokuzilawula yomgwaqo, kepha ingaququlwa izingcezu cishe kunoma yibuphi ubude (kusuka ku-20cm). Ukumelana kwebiwe yizingxenye zobude obuhleliwe, imvamisa akuhambelani nobude bokuchitha. Kuyadingeka "ukuzungeza" kuze kube isigaba esiseduze, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwentambo kwenyuka. Lapho ikhebula ligcwele kakhulu, ubukhulu bomsebenzi, okungukuthi, izindleko zokufakwa kwanda. Uhlangothi oluqinile, ikhebula elimelana nelilungele ngokwengeziwe lapho kufanele ubhekane nobuningi bezindawo zohlobo olulodwa (ngokwesibonelo, amapayipi ayi-10 akhipha ngamapayipi aphezulu we-10m). Ifaka isigaba sobude obufunayo, i-cable overrun ingancishiswa ibe yinto ebuncane.
Ngokusho kwesevisi ye-meteorological ...
Kunemingcele yamandla afakiwe engxenye yokushisa yezinhlelo ezichazwe ngesisekelo sokwenza. Ukungalandeli kwabo kuholela ekungasekelweni kohlelo kububanzi bokushisa obucacisiwe, kanye nokudlula okuphezulu kokuchichima kwamandla kagesi ngaphandle kokuthuthuka emsebenzini.
Ezingxenyeni ezivundlile zophahla, amandla athile athile ngeyunithi ngayinye yendawo yengxenye efudumele (ugqoko, i-chute njll.) Kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-180-250w / m2. Amandla aqondile ezintambo zokufudumeza emiseleni kufanele okungenani abe ngu-20-30w ubude obungu-1m futhi akhule njengoba ubude bamanzi bukhula bukhuphuke ku-60-70w / m. Amandla abaliwe wohlelo lonke lwendlu yezwe axhomekeki kangako kusuka endaweni yophahla, kungakanani ekucushweni kwayo, ubude bamapayipi okukhishwa kanye namathreyi, ukuphakama (phansi) kwesakhiwo. Sizoba no-3-4kw. Emugqeni olula, ophahleni lungamandla amahlandla ama-2 kunenkimbinkimbi - ngama-turrets, attic, imibono, ukuvalwa yi-IT.D. Kuyini isimilo, uhlobo lwekhebula aluthinti amandla ebaliwe ebekwe kulo msebenzi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukwanele ukusebenza okusebenzayo kohlelo lonke.
Ukushisa izintambo- yize okuyinhloko, kepha hhayi ukuphela kohlelo lokulwa ne-pop. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uhlelo kumele lufakwe lapho iqhwa, omunye umuntu ukuthi kufanele asebenze ubusika bonke. Okumuva - anginendaba nokuthi yini ukushisa izabelo. Eqinisweni, i-anti-icing eyinkimbinkimbi isebenza nge-algorithm enikeziwe, bese isebenzisa ukushisa, bese uyicisha futhi ihumushe uhlelo kwimodi yokulinda.
Umsebenzi wokulawula ubelwe kubalawuli abakhethekile we-thermostat owenziwe ngu-Devi, Ennesto, Danish OJ Elektronik, isiJalimane Eberle. Okwehla ophahleni oluncane olungenakuphikwa, inketho elula kunazo zonke isuselwa kusisekelo sentukuthelo yokushisa ne-thermostat, okubandakanya uhlelo kuphela ebangeni lokushisa elinikezwe (imvamisa ukusuka ku-3-4c). Ithi, i-thermostat ETR-1447 ($ 137) kusuka ku-OJ Elektronik iphendula ekushiseni komoya kusuka ku-10c kuya ku-10c, kanye ne-DTR-3102 ($ 110) kusuka ku-Elerle kungafakwa ku-Trifle kusuka ku-Una -15 kuya ku- 15. Ukulawula uhlelo lokulwa ne-icing ophahleni olunzima, kunconywa ukufaka i-thermostat ehlelekile, evame ukubizwa njengesiteshi se-meteorological. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphezu kwezinzwa zokushisa, izinzwa zokuba khona komswakama kanye nezinzwa zemvula zifakiwe. "I-Meteorological" Qoqa futhi ihlaziye imininingwane ngokushisa kanye nomswakama, ngemuva kwalokho ukusebenza kwe-thermostator kukhethwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwephulwa ekusebenzeni kohlelo kubhekwe, njengoba kubikwe yi-beep kanye nemininingwane yolwazi ngokuboniswa kwe-crystal ewuketshezi kwe-thermostat. Iyunithi yokulawula i-EM 524 87 enezinzwa zokushisa kanye nomswakama kusuka ku-Eberle kubiza cishe ama- $ 490, kanye nekhithi efanayo devireg 810 kusuka ku-devi ngohlelo lokuxilonga eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kuzobiza u- $ 430.
Uhla lokushisa lapho kunosongo lapho kwenzeka khona umhlaba futhi, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukushisa ikhebula, "kusethe" kuphaneli ye-thermostat. Uhlelo lusebenza kwi-algorithm eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-thermostat elula. Uma amazinga okushisa emgwaqweni ahambelana nobubanzi obucacisiwe futhi izinzwa ziqophe ukubukeka komswakama noma kwezulu, i-thermostat ivule ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo. Ngokushesha nje lapho kufudumele, futhi izinzwa "zidluliselwe" ukuthi akukho zulu neqhwa, uhlelo luzoshintshela kwimodi yokulinda ".
Isibonelo, i-Heat 200E Controller ($ 186, kanye ne-automation- $ 230), lapho inzwa yokushisa yedijithali, inzwa yamanzi ne-sensor yezulu ixhumeke ohlelweni lwe-CCT. Umlawuli uqapha hhayi kuphela ibanga lokushisa elinikezwe kuphela, kodwa futhi ubukhona bemvula ngesimo seqhwa. Inzwa yemvula, eyenziwe ngesimo se- "Cup" efudumele nezikhonkwane ezimbili, ezivalekile lapho iqhwa lingena kuzo, linikeza isibonakaliso sokuvula uhlelo ngesikhathi seqhwa. Izintambo zifudunyezwa, iqhwa neqhwa emithonjeni nasemathrekhi ziqala ukuncibilika, ukuncibilika kwamanzi okugeleza. Uma iqhwa liyeka, inzwa yemvula idlulisa isiginali ehambelana nekhabethe lokulawula. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo lusasebenza enzwaneni yamanzi, olufakwe endaweni ephansi (endaweni ethile eduze kwepayipi lokudonsa) ukulawula, noma ngabe umswakama wengilazi ukhona. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kungenzeka ukuthi iqhwa eliqinile lizohamba kafushane. Kuzoyeka ukuhamba, kepha amanzi anciphile asazodinga isikhathi esithile ukuze kuzobhujiswa zonke izindiza ezithambekele kalula. Kuvela ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko wenziwa ngezinzwa ezintathu. Kungahle kube nesimo lapho kungekho khona iqhwa, kepha ngama-0s kwakukhona i-thaw. Iqhwa, elisesophahleni, liqala ukuncibilika. Uma umswakama uvela enzwa yamanzi, uhlelo lusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Inzwa yokushisa isethwe emthunzini, endaweni ekhiqizwayo, kude nemithombo yokushisa, ama-air conditioners, ama-chimneys ukuze izilinganiso zenziwe inhloso yenhloso enkulu. Inzwa yemvula itholakala kangcono endaweni evulekile ukuze kungabikho lutho. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhetha indawo yokufaka ukuze ngomoya onamandla, iqhwa eliwayo alishaywanga enzwaneni. Ekugcineni, inzwa yamanzi ibekwa endaweni ephansi kakhulu yohlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Musa ukwehliswa kusuka kuma-akhawunti kanye "nokuqondisisa" kwamadivayisi kumaqembu okukhanya. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka inzwa yamanzi eningizimu, ngoba ikhona lapho amanzi eqala ukushisa amanzi. Endlini yezwe, njengomthetho, isethi eyodwa ye-automation.
Ukufaka nezindleko
Unga-oda ukwakheka nokufakwa kohlelo lwekhebula kwi-Grouse ekhethekile. Zibaluleke kakhulu. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokulwa ama-Icicles, kungcono ukubiza uchwepheshe endaweni. Ukuhamba, izilinganiso nokubalwa kuvame mahhala (kepha inani lezinkampani lithatha u- $ 50 ngalokhu). Ukuthola izindleko ezilinganiselwe zefoni zohlelo, udinga ukwazi okungenani ubude bezinkundla namapayipi amanzi futhi ngamafuphi ukukutshela ukuthi unawo ophahleni. Uma uphahla lulula (ezimbili noma ezine-ziqinile), ubude bamathileyi namapayipi kuyaziwa, kungenzeka ukuthi nakanjani, umsebenzi ongakanani, izinto zokwakha nemishini ezizobiza. Uma uphahla luyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphandle kokusuka entweni futhi lukulinganise kunzima ukukhuluma nganoma yini.
Kepha uchwepheshe uzokwenza isilinganiso sezindawo ezifudumele zophahla, uzozama ukukhomba izindawo eziyingozi kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kweqhwa kanye nokwakheka kweqhwa. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kuyanqunywa nangokwesakhiwo; Ubude, ukuphakama nobubanzi bophahla; ukukhetha kophahla; Ubude nobubanzi bamapayipi okukhipha; Ubude nosayizi wamathileyi, ama-gut. ISwami izoxoxa ngendawo yezindawo ezivuthayo zophahla, yazisa amakhono athile okushisa azo zonke izindawo zohlelo, inani lemicu nohlobo lwekhebula lokufudumeza, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuhlanganisa i-algorithm ye-algorithm yohlelo.
Umbuzo ka nokubopha Ukushisa ikhebula eziteshini ukugeleza kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba akwanele ukujikijela ikhebula kuthreyi, kumele ilale endaweni lapho ogeleza amanzi. Abanye abafaki banikela nge-fasteners yeplanethi "enophawu" kusuka kubakhiqizi bekhebula. Ukufaka kuleli cala, kwenzeka ngokushesha, futhi uzothatha imali encane yokusebenza. Kepha uma i-fasic fastengs yemvelaphi engaziwa, izokhonza eyodwa, izinkathi ezimbili eziphezulu. Ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa imichilo eshidi egayiwe lapho kugoba khona ama-clamps akhethekile. Zinamathiselwe ngendlela yokuthi zingashiyi umonakalo kumathreyi (phezulu kwepayipi).
Ukuphakama kwezinga leziqu zabafaki, izimbobo ezimbalwa ophahleni. Ukucabanga namapayipi akwenziwa, izintambo zihlelwe ngezinto ezisheshayo phezulu. I-AVT uma ikhebula ligcwele ophahleni, kunengqondo ukusungula i-snowst (lezo zokugcina "kukhangwa" ku-crate yophahla usebenzisa izikulufo ezizishayayo noma ama-anchor bolts).
Ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo buxhomeke ezintweni zophahla. Ake sithi kumakhebuli wemvelo athambekele avamisile ukungavikelekile, ngoba cishe akukhiwanga ebusweni bawo ukulala. Ngenxa yokuchitheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze uhambe ophahleni nasezimbozweni ze-drill kuyo kube nzima impela, ngakho-ke kwenziwa kuphela amathreyi namapayipi namapayipi kuphela.
Uma uphahla lumbozwe nge-tile yensimbi, qiniseka ukuthi inani lezimbobo ezimpande liphenduka libe lincane. Izinkampani eziningi (Samris, ukusebenza kahle, ceilhit) kuleli cala, okokuqala glue indwangu ehlanganisiwe ophahleni, lapho izintambo zokufudumeza zilungiswe khona. Uphahla oluthambile luhle ngophayi onophahla oluwugqinsi, indima yokuvikelwa okwengeziwe lapha idlala ungqimba oluqinile lweplywood engazweliswa umswakama. Uma, njengesengezo ekufuneni kwama-drainage, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ophahleni lwedivaysi yokuvumelanisa, isifakela ngenxa kanembeza sizonakekela ukuze zonke izimbobo zigxile ngokucophelela nge-sealant.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhuluma ngezindleko zokuqhathanisa zezinhlelo zokulwa nophahla ezisuselwa kumakhebuli wokumelana nokuzilawula, umehluko wentengo emine ngentengo azohlulwa kaninginingi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izingxenye eziningi (iKhabhinethi elawula, uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla, ama-fasteners) luyafana kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokushisa. Ngakho-ke umehluko awukukhulu kangako: uhlelo olunezintambo zokuzilawula lubiza kakhulu ngo-30-40%.
Imishini yokulungisa ukuguqula kusuka kubafaki ehlukene imelelwa yizitampu ezahlukahlukene, kepha kunoma yikuphi kwale mikhiqizo yabakhiqizi abagunyaziwe: ABV, Legrand, Nokia, Jikelele Electric IT.D.D. Umshini wesingeniso olawula uhlelo lokulawula, i-Starter edluliselwe (lapho kuvulwa khona uhlelo lokusebenza), i-UDO (device yokuvalwa okuvikelayo nge-30ma yamanje ye-30ma) kanye nemishini yeqembu ibekwe kwikhabethe elilodwa lokulawula, okuyinto kubukeka njengesihlangu sikagesi.
Malini konke ndawonye? Isibonelo, uhlelo lwenziwe kanye nohlelo lokulwa nokubhala ngokususelwa kwizintambo ze-Nexans (Norway) zinikeza isitayela kuma-55- 40w / m amakhebula amakhebula kanye nekhebula lokudonsa, kanye nophahla lwentambo (band 50-60 cm) yekhebula nge amandla athile angama-300-350w / m2. Ngakho-ke, ake sithi, ophahleni olune-perimeter elingu-60m (indawo esitezi esisodwa ngu-200m2), i-12m enezimoto ezine zizodinga uhlelo ngamandla angu-12,2kw wokufaka. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ngonyaka obuyi-35- 40, lapho izimo ze-meteo zinomthelela ekwakhekeni komhlaba neqhwa, kungenzeka ukunquma ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngesizini. Uma isetshenziswa njengohlelo lokuphatha, "isiteshi se-meteorological", le nkomba ngeke yedlule ama-CMM amaningi ayi-6-10. Izindleko zezinto zokwakha kanye nemishini yophahla ngamapharamitha acacisiwe azoba cishe angama-2200.
Inani eliyisisekelo lokufakwa kwamafemu ahlukile wokufaka amabanga asuka ku-30- 35 kuya ku-50% wenani lezinto zokwakha nemishini (yezindlu zezwe elilodwa nezona ezimbili). Uma imisebenzi ephezulu-yokuphakanyiswa iyadingeka okuhlobene nokwakhiwa kwesikali, ukufakwa kwezinyathelo noma ama-auto-tesys, khona-ke lezi zinsizakalo zikhokhwa ngokwahlukile.
Insizakalo iyadingeka kwinani elingama- $ 100-250 ngonyaka. Lapho umsebenzi wokulawula, uchwepheshe wenkampani uhlola isimo sangaphandle sezingxenye zokushisa, udonsa oxhumana nabo emabhokisini esibulalayo, uvivinye iKhabhinethi Yokulawula kanye nokusebenza kwalo lonke i-automation. Umsebenzi wamandla wenziwa ehlobo noma e-Offseason, ngaphambi kokuletha uhlelo ukuba "lokulwa nokulungela".
Kepha qiniseka, ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo akudingeki ukuthi uphile ngokuzimela ukunambitheka okungenathemba ngeqhwa ophahleni. Icebo lesimanje lithole impumelelo ephumelela kakhudlwana.
Abahleli babonga amahhovisi abamele eRaychem, Devi, Ceilhit, kanye nenkampani Samris, "Izinhlelo ezikhethekile nobuchwepheshe", ukusebenza kahle kokulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo