Ungayikhetha kanjani "isitsha sakho sokugeza? Izici ezisebenzayo zamamodeli ahlukahlukene, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokugeza ikhwalithi.
Isikhundla esiguqukayo sebhokisi elingenhla ku "Ukuhlaziswa Kwezitsha" likuvumela ukuthi ufake izinto ezinkulu phezulu
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I-Glass Spiral in the Sossosensor Sensor emnyango we-waintiwasher ilingisa izindonga zezibuko lapho ugongolo ludluliswa khona
Uma iwela phezu komoya, ugongolo lwe-infrared luhlakazeke futhi isibonakaliso esibuthakathaka se-bosch sifika kwi-PhotoCell ->
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izitsha zokugeza ziwukudla isikhathi futhi akumnandi kakhulu umsebenzi. Kepha isitsha sokugeza asikakabi eRussia elifanayo "ilungu lomndeni" elifanayo, njengoba, lisho, ukugeza. Ngaleso sikhathi, abakhiqizi bomhlaba "we-Worldwashers" banikela kumthengi wasekhaya ngokwengeziwe nemisebenzi ehehayo, bancintisana ekusebenzeni kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe ... Namuhla sizozama ukucacisa ezinye zazo.
Okokuqala, ake sizame ukwakha izitsha zokugeza izitsha ezithengiswa eRussia, zilandelana, ukuze zikhulume, zehle, zisuka kumamodeli we-hi-end kakhulu e-Economy Class. Owokuqala kuzoba yithuluzi elenziwe nguGaggenau, Miele, aeg (Germany), Asko (Sweden); Ukulandela i-Nimi-Ariston (Italy), iBosch kanye ne-Nokia (Germany), i-ElectrolUX (Sweden); Ngemuva kwalokho i-Indesit, i-Whirlpool, iZanussi (Italy) futhi, ekugcineni, iyatholakala kubantu abaningi bezwe lethu, uswidi kanye ne-ARDO (Italy). Lesi sigaba asisebenzi ku-Rigor, ngoba sibonisa umbono wabakhiqizi ngabo, futhi iningi lezinkampani zaseYurophu linomugqa wezinto ezisetshenziswayo zasendlini zonke izinketho ezingenzeka zokucushwa, kusuka kokuhle kakhulu kokuhle kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, "izitsha zokugeza" zokubulawa kwezomnotho kusuka ku-electrolux ukuncintisana ngengxenye ephansi kakhulu nge-Whirlpool ne-Ariston, amamodeli akheprimu aqhathaniswa ne-Nokia. Manje, iBosch ikhiqiza amayunithi abiza kakhulu nge-pallet (polinox) pallet, kepha ayithengisi eRussia ngenxa yokuma kwezinye izinto ezweni lethu.
Yini okufanele uyenze kumthengi oqhuba ukuhlaziywa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamapharamitha amaningi azama ukukhetha "isitsha"? Akuyona imfihlo, afuna ukuyifinyelela njengomphumela wokuthengwa: izitsha ezomile ezihlanjululwe kahle futhi zomile ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu (impilo yonke yedivayisi). Isibonelo, efulethini lapho kufakwa khona uhlelo lokushisa kagesi, umshini wokuwasha, imishini yokufanisa nevidiyo, amasistimu wokukhanyisa wentambo anwetshwa ngaphansi kophahla, sekuyisikhathi sokunakekela ukonga ( Ngoba intela yamandla isiqalile ukukhula futhi ayicabangi ngalokhu imayelana nakusasa). Kuzoba ne-Ecolebel yobukhosi (ecolebel- e), noma isinamatheli sokusetshenziswa kwamandla, esitsheni sokugeza.
AAA!
Lokhu akuyona ukukhala kokulwa kwezichibi, kepha nje uhlelo lokulinganisa olwethulwa ngabo bonke abakhiqizi baseYurophu abano-1995. Ngakho-ke bazama ukudambisa abathengi bendlu basebenzise umsebenzi wokuzikhethela. Ku-ecoleeble of dishashERS kuboniswa izinkomba ze-eked "zemvelo" ezi-3: isigaba sokusetshenziswa kwamandla, isigaba sokugeza imoto kanye nesigaba sokomiswa. Izinhlamvu ziyangezwa, okubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nenombolo yamasethi we-Tableware aphathwa ngasikhathi sinye. Imvamisa isitika sibonisa izinga lomsindo eliqondile ku-DBA.Kungani le nkomba ibizwa ngezemvelo? Yebo, ngoba zonke ngandlela thile zibonisa umthelela "we" izitsha zokugeza "ngempilo yabantu (ngokuhlanzeka kwezitsha kanye nemvelo). Ngemuva kwezinhlamvu ze-AAA noma ze-ABA, ezaziwa nanamuhla, kunezivivinyo ezinzima zensimbi. Izindlela zalezi zivivinyo zazo zonke "izitsha zokugeza" ziyefana, yize kukhona ezinye izici lapha.
Lapho unquma Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenzisa amandla ekilasi Umkhiqizi ukhetha enye yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuwasha ezijwayelekile, okuthi, ngombono wakhe, zilungele kakhulu ukukalwa kokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Njengomthetho, lokhu kugeza okujwayelekile ekushiseni kwama-50-55s ngaphandle kokuvuka kwangaphambili. Inani eliphakeme lezitsha libandakanyekile, elibalwa ngomshini. Izitsha zibekwa kumabhasikidi ngokuya ngohlelo oluchazwe kwimiyalo yokufundisa. Kumanani wokulinganisa wokusetshenziswa kukagesi, ikilasi lokusetshenziswa kwamandla linqunywa. Uma inani liwela esinqumweni esichazwa ngesigaba esithile, noma lingangeqi umngcele walo ongenhla ngaphezu kwe-10%, imishini yale modeli iyabelwa amakilasi A, B noma C. ngokwesibonelo, ekilasini lokusebenzisa amandla kwe Imishini yesikhathi esigcwele, i-1,056-1,254 kWh ngokubekezelelana inikezwe.% kuya ohlangothini olukhulu (uma kwenzeka kunjalo, umngcele ongaphezulu wekilasi ukhuphukela ku-1.38 izikweletu). Uma inani elilinganisiwe lidlulela ngalé kohlaka lwekilasi ngo-10-15%, 2 Ukuvimbela Okungaphezulu kwalokho kuyahlolwa. Ubukhulu obumaphakathi-bomzali-bomzali bungahlangatshezwa ngohlaka lwamanani avumelekile futhi umshini uzokwabela isigaba. Yikuphi kukho konke lokhu okuphakamisa?
Okokuqala, ukukalwa okukodwa kuphela kungagculisa ngokushesha izimo, kanti owesibili nowesithathu ongazange achithe ngenxa yomphumela ophumelelayo, aphume emingcele ebekiwe. Ukuze uthole inkomba: Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kusho ukunemba okwamukelekayo kwemizamo emihlanu okungenani emihlanu. Okwamanje, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi, inqubo yokuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe "izitsha zokugeza" kubaklami obuklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusetshenziswa kwamandla akulula. Njengomthetho, akudingi ukuvivinywa okukodwa ngokubukeza okulandelayo. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ifoni ihlule "isithiyo" ngengozi.
Okwesibili, kusho umenzi kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi akhethe uhlelo lokucwila emzimbeni, lapho kudliwa inani eliphansi likagesi, yize lingatholakali ngokugeza okuseqophelweni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, ukugeza okungabizi kakhulu - i-Andpribor ithole isigaba sokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukungcoliswa kokuhlola kwagezwa ngokuphelele futhi kwaqokwa amakilasi okugeza. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo owodwa ungaqokwa njenge-supeeconomic, kanti omunye njengomuntu omkhulu (i-luster, lapho befika nemigomo yokusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi bathola ikilasi, bese ikilasi lalisebenzile ekugezeni nasekomiseni). Lokhu kukhethwa kwezindlela kukhethwa ezinkampanini ze-transnational ezingezona zomkhiqizo owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uhlolelwa i-European Ecoleybla, ikakhulukazi izothuthukisa ikilasi lokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ngoba iYurophu, impikiswano yokonga izindleko kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile kunokuba, ngokwesibonelo, eNyakatho Melika. Abakhiqizi abaningi baseYurophu bakhethelwa ukuhlolwa kohlelo lwezomnotho (uma benziwa emshinini) ngo-50-60 ° C, imodi ngqo ikhonjiswa kumathemba nencazelo yezobuchwepheshe yemodeli. Umthengi kufanele acacise lokhu, ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho usebenzisa ezinye izinhlelo, kuzosetshenziswa amandla amaningi namanzi.
Sekukonke, kunamakhono ayi-7 wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-DPG. Akunjalo kudala, ikilasi selibe ngokwedlulele "nge-washwasher" eleqisayo. Amathuluzi e-Classd, e, F, g (uma kukhona ngokuvamile emvelweni) aqashelwa njengengewona ezomnotho futhi anqatshelwe ukukhiqizwa nasekungeniseni emazweni ase-European Union. Lo mkhawulo uhlotshaniswa nobabili ngomzamo owenziwa ngumnotho we-Universal kanye nokuphazamiseka okwengeziwe endleleni yabancintisana base-Asia, okuyi-Exinirements "abakutholi" ngabaseYurophu ".
Ngaphezu kokwahlukaniswa okujwayelekile kokusebenza kahle kwamandla, kusekhona ukwahlukaniswa kwe-wembacave ngokuya ngama-sidelines wezimoto ezinobubanzi obungama-60, 45 cm neCompact. Kuthi imikhawulo emincane ifakiwe kumadivayisi amancane. Isibonelo, ekilasini, ngobubanzi bama-60cm, izinga lokugeleza alikho ngaphezu kwe-1.05 kWh, kanye nensimbi enobubanzi obungu-45cm, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-0.75 kWh. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani amakilasi anobubanzi obungu-45cm (0.90-1.03 kWh afakwe ngokuphelele ekilasini leklasi lamadivayisi angu-60cm ububanzi. Ake sithenge umshini omncane weklasi elilodwa ngokuningi, uthola ngokuzenzakalelayo ukonga, futhi cishe ngokuzimela kohlelo olukhethiwe lomenzi.
Isigaba sokugeza izitsha . Ukuthola le pharamitha, kuthathwa isethi yezitsha ezijwayelekile bese kuthi ngesihloko ngasinye, ngokwenhloso yaso, ukungcola okuvame kakhulu "kufakwa" ukungcola, isipinashi, i-oatmeal, ubisi, itiye nekhofi. Ngokulandelayo, yonke ikhithi ibekwa kuhhavini futhi amahora amabili yomiswa emazingeni okushisa angama-80c. Umphumela uba crust oqinile futhi oqinile ebusweni. Ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo olufanayo "izitsha zokugeza" ezikhethiwe, njengokungathi izivivinyo zokusebenza kahle kwamandla, nezitsha zihlanzekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngesihloko ngasinye, ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokuwasha ukusebenza kuvela ku-AP0 to5 (5Tupports izitsha ezihlanzekile ngokuphelele). Kunqunywa ngenani lamabala nendawo yokungcola. Inkomba yezinsimbi ibalwa njengenkomba yamanani aphakathi nendawo (ngokwesibonelo, 4.01) futhi iqhathaniswa nesethenjwa (ngokwesibonelo, 2.85), esihlangabezana nokugeza izitsha ezingama-40 ukusuka eMileele. Umehluko ubaliwe (1,16-- ehambelana neklasi) futhi wabelwa ikilasi lokugeza izimoto esifundeni A> 1.12> B> 1> C> D> 0.76> D> Inqubo yokuhlola idlula imithetho efanayo Njengalapho kunqunywa isigaba sokusebenza kahle kwamandla, kepha ngokubekezelela okuncane kokuphambuka (4-6%).
Futhi ekugcineni Index Dushka Kunqunywe ebangeni kusuka ku-10 (amaconsi amaningana amanzi ngaphezulu) kuya ku-2 (akukho amaconsi noma izindawo zomswakama). Umphumela wokomiswa ubalwa ngesimiso esifanayo ngenxa yokugeza.
Njengoba uqondisa izinhlamvu eziku-Elalaeble kukhona umzabalazo wokuncintisana, okungewona owokuphela kwamashumi amane anempumelelo ehlukahlukene. Abathengi abasolisayo abathi "thile bakwazi ukukala, kepha akukaziwa ukuthi," azinasisekelo ngokuphelele. Nasi isiphetho sabahlaziyi ababambe ngo-2001. Ucwaningo lweminyango yeKhomishini yaseYurophu ekubuyekezweni kwamapharamitha aqoqiwe we-euro for izitsha (ukucaphuna): "Kunenkinga yokuthi izivivinyo ezenziwa yimiphumela ehlukahlukene zingakhombisa imiphumela ehlukene ye umshini owodwa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokubheka iqiniso lokuthi kwinqubo yokuhlolwa, ukubekezelela okuthile kwenziwa kusebenza ezintweni ezifana nokushisa okukhona, izinga lokushisa lamanzi emnyango kanye nokushisa kwamazinga okushisa ku igumbi. Ukuphambuka kokuqashwa okwamukelekayo kungaholela ekungafani kwelinye iklasi (aiseki naku-2) Ngaphezu kwalokho: Awekho amaphutha okukhiqiza angabhekwanga, akhiphe ushintsho ekilasini elilodwa. "Kepha Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lezinkampani lilandela izinto ezintsha zomakhelwane emakethe futhi, uma kuvela ukungcola, ziqhube uphenyo oluzimele futhi zidale ngokushesha enkantolo.
Impi: Izitsha
Impi yabantu abathathu phakathi kwabakhiqizi be- "DwashishERS" ebangeni eliphelele lamacala awenziwanga ngamaqhinga wezendlela, kodwa ngokobuchwepheshe obusha. Nazi ezinye izinkomba eziphambili zentuthuko kule ndawo:
- Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokugeza nokusoma ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane;
- Ukwenza ngcono izinkomba zokuhlanzeka kwezitsha ezihlanjiwe nezimisiwe;
- Amathuluzi okuphepha aqala kusuka kumanzi we-hose wamanzi futhi aphela ngokuvumelanisa nokukhawulela ukufinyelela kwezingane;
- I-automation ephelele, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zemizwa nge-process processors esekela izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhetha izindlela zeyunithi;
- Ukumuncwa komsindo.
Kanye nezindawo eziningana zentuthuko:
- ukwanda kwevolumu yegumbi lokuwasha ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwesitsha sokugeza;
- Ukwethulwa kwezinhlelo ezisebenza ngemali ezingenazindleko ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise umshini, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ugcwalisa kuphela ubhasikidi ophezulu;
- Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvela kobhasikidi abahleliwe kanye namabhasikidi aguqukayo, okuvumela ukubeka izitsha ezinkulu phezulu;
- Ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka okusha.
Ukugeza kwekhwalithi
Njengomthetho, izitsha ezingcolile zihlanganiswa ngaphandle kwamajethi amanzi aqinile, kepha ama-splashes akhiqizwa ngokujikeleza ama-sprayers-rockers. Ngomphumela omuhle, ukugeza kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi imoto ayinazo okubizwa ngokuthi "izindawo ezifile", lapho kuqubuka khona ama-jets ahlangana khona, bese kuqubuka isixazululo se-detergent ", futhi isixazululo se-detergent", futhi isixazululo se-detergent sawela endaweni ephezulu yezitsha. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kwenziwa abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa ama-rockers epulasitiki lapho kwenziwa khona izimbobo ezincane (ama-nozzles), ngoba kuncane umgodi, "iphuzu" elithe xaxa lizongena ezitsheni ezitsheni. Ngakho-ke yenza i-electrollux ne-aeg. I-Bosch kanye ne-Nokia, ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa kuwo wonke amadivayisi ama-Plastic Rock Rockers-Live-lid form. Ama-nozzles abekwa ngendlela yokuthi amajethi amanzi awawele futhi angaqedi "omunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke, amanzi awela ngokukhululeka kuwo wonke amakhona nakuzo zonke izingxenye zegumbi lokuwasha. Onjiniyela be-Whirlpool baqhubekela phambili. Babeka isifutho sensimbi esingaphezulu esingenhla ku-bracket ejikelezayo. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukufezekisa ama-trajectories ayinkimbinkimbi ama-jets amanzi, izitsha zokugeza izitsha. Ama-rockers aphansi anezimbobo ezingaphansi komhlaba asabalele, amajethi awo agezwa njalo isihlungi sokuhlanza imishini. Lapho uhlaziya uhlelo lokufafaza amanzi, ipharamitha ebalulekile yinombolo yezinkomba. Izinkomba eziningi, zingcono. Isibonelo, i-Asko has7, i-electrolux, i-bosch, i-whirlpool kanye ne-Nokia- 5.Enye indlela yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokugeza isuselwa ekushintsheni okudonswayo ekucindezelweni kwamanzi okunikezwe e-rocker. Lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemoto enesivinini esine-tusheri ephaketheni lokuhanjiswa: ngaphansi kokungcola okubuthakathaka okungcolile, futhi ekugcineni kugezwa ngaphansi kwengozi. Isixazululo esinjalo sisetshenziswa e-AEG, i-ElectrolUX, e-Ariston, eWhirlpool, imishini ye-Candy. Khipha amamodeli oswidi (ngokwesibonelo, i-CD798Smart) Ukucutshungulwa okufanayo (ukufinyezwa okukhethiwe) kuhlanganiswe nokushisa kwamanzi ku-70c, okukuvumela ukuthi ususe ukungcola okulwa kakhulu.
Emishinini yase-Ariston efakwe umsebenzi wokugeza we-duo, amanzi asatshalaliswa ngaphezulu kwamazinga amabili ngezindlela ezihlukile: ngengcindezi ephezulu yebhasikidi kanye nokushisa okungezansi (ukugeza okuphansi ngezansi (i-hashing pan), njll.). Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugeza ngasikhathi sinye nezitsha ezingcolile nezingcolisiwe. Ama-Nokia avnched machine Nokia Techch Technology ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngenkathi ugcina ingcindezi. Ngokusebenzisa i-rotary valve, amanzi asatshalaliswa kabusha phezulu, khona-ke ezingeni eliphansi. Ngenkathi ibeka i-rocker ephezulu bese ihlasela lithinta izitsha, kukhona ukugeza okujulile ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ezansi. Ngemuva kwalokho obhasikidi "bashintsha izindawo", futhi ingcindezi ivela phezulu.
Ukuzokulungwa
Ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-fieltrasher amathathu noma ezine lwe-stration lwesitsha, bonke abakhiqizi baqondwa ngokuhlunga kwemishini okutholakala ezansi kwegumbi lokuwasha. Bamboza indawo yokungena yepumpu, epompa amanzi ukuze ingene indle (silahlekelwa esikhundleni) noma sibuyele e-rocker. Ukuhlunga okwenziwe ngomshini ezimweni eziningi kutholakala ngokulinganayo. Ziqukethe igridi encane ethatha i-10-30% yendawo ye-pallet, izingilazi ze-pallet eyodwa, izibuko ze-mesh eyodwa ezinamanani ahlukene amaseli kanye ne-liner yepulasitiki enezimbobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Imfucumfucu enkulu ibambezeleka kulayini wokuqala futhi iwela esixukwini esibizwa ngokuthi yi-bunch, kusala izingilazi zesibili nezesithathu nakuloridi, olusebenza njenge-grater. Ku- "Dwashisers" ngokuhlunga okuziguqukayo (Bosch, Miele, Abalingisi, Ariston, Asko, Whirlpool, i-Pipi, njll.) I-mesh ephumela igezwa njalo futhi idinga ukuhlanzwa okwengeziwe kuphela uma kwenzeka imfucuza eqinile (uhlobo lwe-cartilage noma amathambo) kuzo, okuthi ezimweni eziningi zisuswa ngaphambi kokufaka izitsha kubhasikidi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi ezifanayo kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuphelele futhi konga ugesi, okukushisa kwawo, ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwamanzi afudumele.
Ukuze uthuthukise isihlungi futhi uthuthukise inhlanzeko yegumbi lokuwasha, abanye abakhiqizi (bosch, Nokia, brand) bandisa indawo yegridi engenhla, ngaleyo ndlela bandise indawo ewusizo ye-grater. Abanye (ngokwesibonelo, i-Asko) yenza umgodi okhethekile kugridi uqobo, evimbela ukungcoliswa kokungcola ngaphansi kwawo ngenxa ye-stagnant phenomena. I-Whirlpool ibeka idivaysi yokwakheka kwe-elekthronikhi ekhethekile, okuthi esiteji se-plum esithumela ama-pulses emanzini anqwabelaneni ngaphansi kwegumbi lokuwasha. Lezi zifiso zakha igagasi eliphakamisa futhi lishukumisela bonke abanolaka othosiwe phansi futhi badlulisela kwibhlokhi yokuhlunga.
Okwamanje, abakhiqizi abangazethembi ikhono lokuzivikela lokuzivikela noma alinikezi ukunisela kwalo kusuka ku-rocker ephansi, empeleni libonisa imiyalo ekusetshenzisweni kwencwajana okuyisibopho (okuhlomele lokhu ngesibambo esikhethekile) ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye) ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye . Ibhethri lamafemu anjalo lifaka i-aeg, ardo, i-electrolux, iZanussi, njll.
Izinzwa ziqaphele
Izinzwa "ze-ECOLESOR" (Miele), i-Aqua-Sensor (Bosch, i-Nokia), inzwa yamanzi (i-electrolUX, i-aeg) ne-sensor system (Ariston) ziqukethe imithombo yokukhanya kanye ne-photocells efakwe kulayini wamanzi wokuwasha kabusha. Yakhelwe ukunquma ukuthi esikhundleni samanzi ngemuva kokuvuna kwangaphambilini futhi ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini. Dlulisa isiginali kwisilawuli, esiqhathanisa ukufundwa ngamanani avumelekile kakhulu agxile ezinhlelweni zokuhlanza. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, imoto esigabeni sokuqala sohlelo inquma ukuthi ingabani yini ukuqalisa amanzi amasha noma uqhubeke nokugeza izitsha ku-Old One.Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinzwa uqukethe ukuzwela kwazo hhayi kudaka kuphela, kodwa futhi nopende amanzi. Izinzwa ze-Aqua-Sensorii zifakwe kumamodeli abiza kakhulu anemithombo eyengeziwe ye-Green Spectrum, enokwethembeka okukhulu kakhulu ahlukanisa phakathi kokungcoliswa. Kulonyaka, uMiele naye wabonakale izinzwa zesizukulwane sesibili "Ekosesmesmei", evumela ukuhlukanisa ama-bubble womoya emanzini. Phambilini, la mabhamu athathwe izinhlayiya ezingcolile.
Ochungechungeni lwakamuva lwamamodeli Bosch, ama-electrolux kanye nama-Nokia, izinto zokwenziwa kwavela, okukodwa ngasikhathi sinye nokunqunywa kobumsulwa kwamanzi bahlole ngokuzimela inani lezitsha ezisegumbini. Kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile, kepha umgomo owodwa. Umgomo umi ngalendlela elandelayo: Izitsha eziningi, ubukhulu bezinombolo zamaconsi ngeke zifinyelele ezansi kwegumbi lokuwasha kanye namanzi amancane maqondana nohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi lizobuyela ohlelweni lokuphinda lube khona. I-UBOSCH futhi i-Nokia ifakiwe "ukujikeleza inzwa ku-Pump", enquma inani lengilazi ngezitsha zamanzi nge-impeller yepompo. Lo mqhudelani wasebenzisa indlela yokulinganisa ingcindezi yekholomu yamanzi ngenhla kokujula, lapho kutholakala khona ipompo.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi iyiphi inqubo eqondile. Kepha ekuqaleni nje, i-aeration yamanzi, okungukuthi, ukugcwala kwayo ngama-bubble amoya, into ehlukile futhi incike ohlotsheni lokugeleza (i-lami noma isiyaluyalu). Uhlangothi oluqinile, inani lamanzi ePallet liyinani elishintsha njalo, futhi ukumiswa kudingeka ukukala, futhi isikhathi saso esidingekayo futhi esanele sinzima ukuselula kusengaphambili. Ngemuva kokuthi isilawuli sithola idatha ehlobene nenani lezitsha nokungcoliswa kwangaphambilini ngemuva kokuvuna kwangaphambili, inquma ekukhetheni kohlelo kunzima, okujwayelekile noma kwezomnotho. Imanzi futhi iqukethe umongo wokuqonda kwezidlo "zokugeza izitsha" zanamuhla, ezinquma konke.
Ukulayisha uhhafu, i-pre-rinsing
Izitsha zokugeza ezishibhile azifakwa ezinhlelweni ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, yize zinikeza umsebenzisi ukukhetha. Ngokuya ngokungcoliswa kanye nenombolo yezitsha wena ngokwakho ungakhetha inketho "yokuhlanza" ngaphandle kokushisa nokuhlanza ukuze uhlanze izindawo ezingcoliswe kakhulu, ngemuva kwalokho kukhishwe imijikelezo ekhethiwe. Ukulalela inani elincane lezitsha amadivaysi amaningi avela kumamomothi wemodeli yazo zonke izinkampani ezisekela imodi yokulayisha isigamu. Lapho-ke ugesi omncane namanzi adliwa, okufika kuphela e-Upper Rocker (amamodeli wokukhishwa; uma kukhona uhlelo lokusatshalaliswa kabusha kwengcindezi kusuka phezulu nangasemuva, i-rocker ephansi ayivinjelwe). Ukulungiselela inani elincane lamapuleti amakhulu kanye ne-saucepan ngaphezulu kwegumbi lokuwasha, kuhlelwa ukwehlisa ubhasikidi ongenhla ku-5cm.
Ukushisa
Phambilini ibhokisi lihlelwe kabusha kulawo mamodeli, lapho into yokushisa yayisetshenziswa yishumi, ibingatholakali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhundla esivulekile sama-heater, khona kanye egumbini lokuwasha lapho kunethonsi ebukhali emazingeni okushisa aphansi, emngceleni womoya obandayo namanzi ashisayo. I-glassware emincane ebiyelwe ngodonga kusuka eglanjeni noma i-porcelain, engamelanga umehluko onjalo, yafakwa kubhasikidi ongenhla, ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kuma-tannes, futhi amathuba okuvunyelwa awazange abhekwe.Namuhla, izinkampani eziningi zisuse ama-aggregates ngesakhiwo esifanayo nokukhiqiza futhi kwaqala ukusetha umshini okuthiwa yinto ebizwa ngokuthi yifihliwe yokushisa. Yini amelele? Ishumi, elifakwe ngaphansi phansi kwegumbi lokuwasha emkhakheni wepompo lamanzi. Amanzi afudumele lapho i-recess ifakwe ezansi, ngaphambi kokudlula iphampu, futhi ayinakho ukuxhumana ngqo nomuntu oshisayo. Kuvela uhlobo lwe-heater egelezayo. Isikimu esinjalo singokomnotho ngokwengeziwe uma siqhathaniswa nokuvulwa okuvulekile, ngoba ukushisa kudluliswa ngenani elincane lamanzi futhi ngokushesha kukhishwe ku-nozzle yesistimu yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha, ukuze amandla awasetshenziswa kwi-conplect. Kepha uma ngaphambili i-heater evulekile yenza ukuba yenzeke ngokushesha izitsha, hhayi i-caustav, khona-ke ijubane lidinga izixazululo ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe. Ngabo ngokuzayo.
Ukuqina okulungile
Akuyona imfihlo yokuthi emigwaqweni yamanzi eMoscow, isifunda saseMoscow nezinye izifunda eziningi zaseRussia zinzima. Ukunciphisa lokho, kunedivayisi ekhethekile ye-Ion Exchanger, lapho i-CA2 + nama-MG2 Ion ithathelwa indawo + NA + Ion. Sibhale ngomgomo wokusebenza kwe-Ion Exchanger esihlokweni esithi "Cishe ku-Whiteways").
Izitsha ezibucayi kakhulu zengilazi zizwela kakhulu kule nkomba, lapho ukuqina okuvela ku-2 kuye ku-5 mg. / L kulungile. Ngamanani amakhulu, kuvela i-lime flare, futhi i-detergent iba yingasebenzi, ukuguquguquka kwe-CA ne-MG ions kusuka engilazini uqobo kuyaqala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kubonakaliswa ngesimo sokuhlwitha kwesimilo namafu ebusweni bezitsha.
Ngemvelo yayo yezobuchwepheshe, i-Ion Exchanger ayikwazi ukulungisa ukuqina. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungalawulwa. Idivayisi ithambisa amanzi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi inani elithile lama-ion kuphela elithatha indawo. Ukusebenza kwe-Ion Exchanger kubekwe ekubalweni kokuqina kwamanzi aphezulu kampompi ukuze izinkomba ezinhle zitholwe endaweni ekhishwayo. Uma ekuqaleni amanzi ku-plumbing ithambile, khona-ke umthelela wawo uyaqabukela futhi emphumeleni sizothola ukugcwala okuphansi kakhulu kwe-SA kanye ne-MG IIon. Okuzoholela ekugcekeni kwengilazi.
Phambilini, ukuqina kwamanzi okuwela egumbini lokuwasha akulawulwa. Umsebenzisi uvunyelwe kuphela ukusungula umjikelezo wokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-Ion Exchanger kuya ngokuligquma owaziwayo. Ngosizo lwesibonisi esisebenzayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwesilinganiso esijikelezayo kusiboniswa esiqwini esibi kakhulu. Futhi ngephuzu elithile, yize iqiniso lokuthi ubushelelezi kuyadingeka noma cha, kwenziwa. Usawoti wachithwa, ukuqina kwamanzi akulawulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Namuhla, isigaba se-premium semigqa yemodeli yeBosch, Nokia, uMiele wavela. Bangakwazi ukulawula inqubo yokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-resin futhi balondoloze ngokungaqondile ukuqina kwegumbi lokuwasha. Kungani ngokungaqondile? Ngoba umongo wenketho ukuthi nge-sink entekenteke, inani elincane lamanzi angaphekiwe avela epayipi lamanzi lixubekile.
Ngabe izinzwa zisebenza kanjani? Onjiniyela beBosch bathuthukise uhlelo lokunquma okuqukethwe yi-waterfront. Izitsha zithatha indawo evunguza ingilazi yelabhoratri efakwe emnyango womshini. UPiral Sheqekile ugongolo lwe-infrared. Uma kungekho wave yezinga elisenkingeni, ugongolo olungenamkhawulo ludlula ngaphandle kokulahleka futhi i-PhotoCell ithola amandla aphezulu okukhanya. Uma kukhona i-flare e-Spiral, ngokuboniswa ngakunye, ingxenye yokukhanya ilahlekile ngenxa yokuhlakazwa kanti i-PhotoCell ingena ukukhanya okukhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, emthanjeni olandelayo, uhlelo luthumela usawoti ovuselelayo e-Ion Exchanger. Izilinganiso zenziwa ngemuva komjikelezo ngamunye wokuwasha. Ngenxa yokuboniswa okuphindaphindwayo kogongolo olukuvunguza ingilazi, ukunemba kuvela kaningi ukwedlula indlela ehlukanisa iso lomuntu obona izibuko ku-lumen. Lapho ukwakheka kwesilinganiso kusekelwe, umshini wokuhlanza esiteji unqamula okuphakelayo kwamanzi aqinile kanye nesilinganiso e-Flow heater eyekile.
Emibhalweni ye-MiEEELE, inzwa inciphisa ukuthuthuka kukagesi kwe-resin. Le nkomba iyashintsha lapho i-calcium kanye ne-magnesium ion ibeka esikhundleni se-sodium ions. Lapho ufinyelela imibundu, uhlelo lunikeza umyalo wokuvuselelwa kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "ubuchopho" bomshini bungalinganisa izinga lokugcwaliswa kwe-Ion Exchanger. Isivinini esiphakeme sisho ukuthi amanzi anzima futhi-ke, ngeke akwazi ukuguquka. Ijubane elincane libonisa ukuthi amanzi asemnyango akunzima, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokudlula ithafa, lizohlala ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwe-calcium ne-magnesium. Kulokhu, inani elithile lamanzi avela epayipi lamanzi lingezwa egumbini. Njengoba ubona, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zinikeza, empeleni umphumela ofanayo.
Sizotshela ngazo zonke ezinye izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezifakwe onjiniyela bensimbi bezinkampani zokukhiqiza izitsha zokugeza izitsha, ngokuzayo. Kuzoba ngokomiswa izitsha, mayelana nezinhlelo ezivimbela ukuvuza, mayelana nokutholwa komsindo okusebenzayo kanye nezindlela ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwesitsha sokugeza.