Izindonga zeNdlu Yezwe: Izici zokuqhathanisa zemiklamo ehlukene, ubudlelwano besisekelo kanye nezindonga, izici zomhlobiso ongaphakathi.
Log) izingodo
amabhlokhi ukhonkolo ngemuva kokuqeda kwangaphandle ku-polkirpich kanzima ukuhlukanisa kusuka ezitini
Amabhlogo we-rolboton
Intshisekelo ekhulayo ekwakhekeni kwe-cottage inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okuqinile kwemiklamo yalolu hlobo lwezindlu. Akumangazi ukuthi iningi lezwe lezindlu ezineminyaka engu-8 - 10 ukusuka kuhlobo lokubheka namuhla oluphelelwe yisikhathi futhi lusindayo uma luqhathaniswa nokuzalwa kwakamuva, okungasindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwamakamelo okugcina wesizukulwane kubiza kushibhile futhi kuhlanganiswe ngesikhathi esicindezelwe ngokwengeziwe. Konke lokhu kunikeza isizathu sokujwayelana kwabafundi bethu ngezinketho ezithile zedivayisi yezindonga zendlu yanamuhla yezwe.
Sesha izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa "ukushisa kwasekhaya" futhi kunciphise izindleko ezibonakalayo lapho unikeza ukuqina ngokwanele kwezindlu, ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke kule ndimu ephakathi yeRussia yokushintsha itshe, isitini nokhonkolo kwafika, khona-ke kuvela isiqubulo semfashini: "Ukuhlanzeka kwemfashini!" Kubuyiselwe izinkuni, manje kwethulwa izinhlaka eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-multilayer kanye nezinto zokwakha izimbotshana zempi. Izinzuzo zabo sezixoxiwe kakade kwijenali yethu (i-athikili
"Izimfihlo zendlu ethule"). Kepha kubalulekile nokuthi konke lokhu okusha kuthinta kanjani isixazululo sokwakha kwendlu yezwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kungukuthi kube lula kwendawo yokuhlala endlini, kwanelisa izicelo zobuhle nezisebenzayo zabanikazi.Ngokusho kwephrojekthi yomuntu ngamunye noma ejwayelekile?
Ikhasimende ngalinye lingathanda ukubona ikusasa lakhe ekhaya ngaphambi kokuqala kokwakhiwa. Okuhle hhayi emaphusheni, kepha empeleni. Ku, uNkulunkulu wenqabe, ungaphuthelwa okuthile, futhi usashintshana ngokubukwa namalungu omndeni nabangane. Kucace bha ukuthi ngaphambi kwangaphambilini, udinga ukudala iphrojekthi. Ubonisa le mibono yokuthi ikhasimende laligcina lize kuleli phuzu emcabangweni wakhe. Ngendlela, ukuthi iphrojekthi ebiyenzekayo ihambisana ngokuphelele nemicabango yakho kanye nezifiso zakho, kungcono ukuhlela kuqala, bese uveza umenzi wezakhiwo. Ukuze senze lokhu, sikucebisa ukuthi ufunde kuqala noma yiziphi izincwadi ezikhethekile, ubukele amaphephandaba ezihlokweni zokwakha kanye nokwakha.Iphrojekthi ye-COTTAGE, empeleni, imodeli yesakhiwo esizayo ephepheni noma esikrinini sokuqapha ikhompyutha. Ukuchibiyela imodeli enjalo kuhlale kulula kunokuba kubuyise umklamo osevele uqoqekile. Uma kungekho umsebenzi, ezinye izinqumo zithathwa esweni, ekwakhiweni. Kuyacaca ukuthi kudingekile ukwenza ngenye indlela, izindleko zokuhlelwa kabusha azishibhile kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuvela ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke.
"Kepha iphrojekthi iyayifanele imali!" - Uzosho. Yebo kunjalo. Imvamisa, kuphrojekthi ngayinye, inhlangano yezakhiwo ithatha ama- $ 6-7 izinkulungwane nokuningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, imibono esesikhathi eside yaziwa ngochwepheshe ivame ukuzalwa ekhanda lekhasimende. Ijaji lilungisiwe kumaphrojekthi ajwayelekile asekhaya ezakhiwo eziphansi. Amaphrojekthi ale anjalo angaphezu kuka-500 agcinwa ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zokuqamba: ukuxhumana okuphakathi kwe-Experimental Design (CNIIEP) kanye neMosgiporiselvelstroy. Le ntuthuko iyakhanga ikakhulukazi ukuthi iningi lawo selivele lisetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke liqinisekiswa ekusebenzeni. Izindleko zesethi ephelele yemibhalo eyanele ukuthola imvume yokwakha izindlu ngendawo ephelele efinyelela ku-300m2- kusuka ku- $ 1000. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwephrojekthi ejwayelekile kuzoba mbono omubi kangako kuwe.
Iphrojekthi etholakele etholiwe izohlala ibopha kuphela uzungu oluthile lomhlaba wamandla enhlangano yokwakha. Ochwepheshe bazobheka impumuzo yendawo, uhlobo lomhlabathi, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukuxhumana okutholakalayo nezimo zezulu ezihlobene nezingxenye zomhlaba, umoya wezulu, njll.). Ukubopha okunjalo kuzobiza cishe ama- $ 150. Uma ufuna ukwenza ushintsho kuphrojekthi yemodeli, kuzokwenza umakhi osebenza enhlanganweni yokwakha. Ngokwemvelo, ngoba noma yikuphi ukuchibiyelwa kuzodingeka ukuthi kukhokhe, kepha bangaki ongabazi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokuqhathanisa izindleko ezingenzeka kanye nalezo zindlela ezingeza izinguquko, uzokwazi ukuthatha ikhambi elifanele: ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi ejwayelekile noma ukwenza inketho yayo yomthombo.
Amanye amafemu anikela ngamaphrojekthi awo ajwayelekile, izindleko zazo ezivele zifakiwe kwizindleko zokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nabanye babo, benziwe ngendlela yamakhophi amancane amakhethini, ungadlala futhi, uwudlale ", okokuqala ukwahlukanisa uphahla, bese uhlakazela" ukwakhiwa "phansi. Noma ikhasimende limenyiwe ukuthi lifane ne-Cottage ejwayelekile eqoqwe endaweni yokubukwa kwenkampani. Amakhasimende aphikelelayo angenayo angavumelana nenkampani ukuvakashela indlu eqediwe eyenzelwe elinye lamakhasimende adlule. Uma unenhlanhla, uzofunda umbono wakhe ngekhwalithi yomsebenzi, futhi unqume amaphuzu avelele okufanele unake inqubo yokwakha. Unga-oda isakhiwo (ikhophi ngobuningi) ye-cottage yesikhathi esizayo (ngokwesibonelo, esikalini sika-1: 100) nangale ukwakheka, ngesisekelo sokubona okubukwayo, yenza izinguquko, konke lokhu, ngokwemvelo, ngemali ekhokhwayo.
Ubudlelwane bezakhiwo zezisekelo nezindonga
Mayelana nemiklamo ehlukene yesisekelo, sithole imininingwane ngokuningiliziwe ngaphakathi
No. 5 kamagazini wethu ka-2002. Ukukhethwa kwenketho kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko, uhlobo lomhlabathi oluhlabayo, kanye nesisindo sezindonga, ukuqina kwesidumbu sendawo yokuhlala nezindleko.Okokuhlangulwa okukhanyayo nezindlu zozimele ngomthwalo we-40-60 Kn / Th, ungasebenzisa isisekelo sekholomu eshibhile noma i-columnar ebiza kakhulu nge-belt evuthayo, kanye ne-monolithic. Kumakhabethe elokhi lokhuni nezindlu ezivela emabhulokini kakhonkolo kakhonkolo, anikeza umthwalo we-80-100 KN / MB / MBELL FELOCK Foundation efanelekile, nangezinhlabathi ezibucayi, kuphela ithekuthekile. Ngezinhlabathi ezifanele ngokushesha, kuthembeke kakhulu ngesisekelo esibophayo se-boron, esinezinsika ezingaziwa, kushiya ngaphansi kwedwa emhlabathini ngaphansi kokujula kwe-drainage. Uthembeke ngokwengeziwe, okugxile kakhulu, okufana "nemilenze" ye-bonobileous enobude obungu-4-6m. Kepha kubiza kubiza kakhulu, futhi ukufakwa kwayo kudinga ukufakwa okuzenzelayo, okudingekayo ku-40m2, okungahlali kulungele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Okwezitini nephaneli eziqinisiwe eziqiniswe ngokhonkolo, ezinikeza umthwalo we-120 Kn / m nokuningi, i-Optical iyisisekelo esinesitofu sokujula kokuqhwa noma iRibinbon Monolithic Foundation encane. Uma kungekho imali ngesikhathi sokwakha, ingaphansi kungenzeka kukhawulelwe esisekelweni seRibbon ukujula kweqhwa. Kamuva nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kuzoba khona ukuqedela isisekelo ngesitofu ngaphandle komonakalo wezindonga sezivele ziyi-cottage engasasebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, isisekelo kumele sihlale isikhathi eside, sikhulu, sihlala isikhathi eside futhi sibe necebo elinzima. I-Wall Cottage iyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele. Izinto zayo, ngaphezu kwamandla nokuqina, kufanele zibonakaliswe ngokuvuselelwa okuphansi okushisayo kanye ne-vapor efanelekile, kanye ne-degree ephezulu yokufakelwa okunengqondo. Uma kunokuphefumula okwanele, bathi udonga "luphefumula". Kusukela namhlanje asikho isakhiwo sodonga, esizoqinisekisa ukumelana kwamaphesenti ayikhulu ekubhujisweni, umuntu kuqala wenzeke ukuze aqinisekise amandla ayo okucindezela. Umkhawulo walawa mandla kufanele okungenani ube nenani elithile (i-NEMP), elincike ohlotsheni lwe-Wall-Carriers (ukuzisekela) noma okubekwe) noma okufakwayo, kanye nesisindo esisendaweni yengxenye yekotishi. Ngakho-ke, ezindongeni nasekweqiseni, akuhlali kunengqondo ukukhetha izinto ezisindayo kakhulu ngobuningi obukhulu. Ikakhulu uma ubheka ukuthi imvamisa amaphaphu amaningi.
Idizayini yodonga ayihlathina nje kuphela ukukhetha kokwakheka kweSisekelo, kepha futhi inquma igama lendlu. Basho ukuthi bathi: log, lumpy, isihlangu, ifreyimu, iphaneli, isitini, ibhulokhi, monolithic. Ku-2 komagazini wethu wango-1998. Sikhulume ngodonga lwendabuko - izitini nokhuni, ukugcizelela ukuthi isisindo sezidumbu kanye nesisekelo sifinyelela ku-50-70% wesisindo sendawo yonke, futhi izindleko zingama-30% wezindleko eziphelele. Uhlangothi lwezomnotho lombuzo alugcini olubaluleke kakhulu engxoxweni mayelana nokwakhiwa kwezindlu. Izindleko ze-1m2 yendawo ephelele yezakhiwo zilinganiselwa ngaphandle komhlobiso ongaphakathi. Ake sixoxe ngemiklamo yanamuhla yasekhaya yezindonga zendlu yezwe evumela ukuthi usheshise futhi unciphise izindleko zokwakha.
'' Ukumelana '' Wall Wall
Induduzo eyenziwe ekhaya ingukuthi, ngaphezu kwezici ze-metaphysical, ukushisa, okusha kanye nomswakama womoya ofanele, kanye, ukuthula. Lezi zinto ezine zilinganiselwa kusetshenziswa izinkomba ezifanele zokwakha zokwakha. Ngakho-ke, inani lamandla afudumele asetshenziselwe ekushiseni izindlu lincike, okokuqala, kusukela kumandla okusindisa ukushisa odongeni. Leli nani lilinganiselwa ekunciphiseni ukumelana kokushisa kokushisa kumayunithi we-M2C / W (ngokusho kwe-Snip II-3-79 GogleStroyarf "Ukwakha Ubunjiniyela Lokushisa"). Lapho kuncipha izindleko zokugcina izinga lokushisa elinethezekile ngesikhathi sokubanda kanye nokulula ukugcina umbuso oshisayo endlini nganoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Ezakhiweni zokuhlala ezifundeni eziphakathi nendawo kanye nasenyakatho yeRussia, inani elidingekayo lama-roter lisukela ku-2.6 kuye ku-4.9m2c / W. W. Ngobubanzi beMoscow, Rotr = 3.15 M2C / W.Ngaphezu kokudluliselwa kokushisa, umoya kanye ne-vapor permeability yodonga kubalulekile. Lezi zinkomba zibonisa isabelo sokubandakanyeka "kokuzibandakanya kwayo" ekushintshisaneni komoya nomumo wamanzi phakathi kwekamelo nomoya wangaphandle. Ngokusho kwedokhumenti efanayo, ukumelana kwe-RP (VM2Cchap / MG) kanye nokumelana nokuphefumula (i-VM2CHP / KG) kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola. Owokuqala wabo uhlupha amandla okuqukethwe ukuze adlule amakha amanzi asuka egumbini aye emgwaqweni ukuze akwazi ukuncishiswa ebusika odongeni futhi azange akhulule indlu. Okwesibili uchaza amathuba okuthola ukungena (ukungena) komoya omusha wangaphandle egumbini. Zombili izinkomba zincike esakhiweni nobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ukuze izindlu zingakhunjuzwa ngayo yonke imimoya evela kumahlumela, noma, kunalokho, umkhumbi wakuvinjelwe ngokusobala, amanani awo kufanele ahambisane namazinga athile amanani, namuhla angabonakala ngendlela ebonakalayo: I-RP, kusuka I-0.5 kuya ku-5m2 / kg kanye ne-RF kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-300m2chch / MG. Ekugcineni, ukuvikelwa kwezindlu kusuka emsindweni wangaphandle kulinganiselwa inkomba yokufakwa komsindo we-RW ku-DB (ngokusho kwe-SNIP II-12-77 "Umsindo Ukuvikelwa"). Lapho likhulu inani le-RW, elingcono, kepha ezimeni zomsindo wasemadolobheni, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi okungenani i-50 dB.Izinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zodonga
Cishe zonke izincwadi zokufunda ezisekelweni zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zabelana ngemiklamo yenkuni yokhuni ekhishini le-log, egandayiwe, iphaneli nohlaka. Iwindi neminyango yanoma iyiphi yazo idonswa ngamabhokisi, incike ohlangothini lwangaphakathi nangaphandle ngamapulangwe. Inzuzo eyinhloko yezakhiwo zokhuni - ubungane bezemvelo, ukunambitha kanye ne-hydrophophobicity yokhuni, ukuqina okukhawulelwe kwesakhiwo. Ukwanda kwenzalo ekokwakhiweni kwe-cottage kwenza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuvumela ukushelela ububi obuhlaluliwe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukunciphisa izindleko zokwakha ngokuncipha kwesikhathi ngasikhathi sinye.
Udonga Olwalisayo Ziqoqiwe kusuka ekufeni noma ekutholeni (okuyindilinga) ezimweni zefekthri ngenxa yobubanzi obungu-180-260mm. Izingodo ezi-Skar nezifa zibekwe emqheleni, ukulungisa (ukubopha) emakhoneni ezihlahleni. Ukunikeza lonke ukuqina kwesakhiwo, zonke izingodo ezimbili eziseduze zixhunywe ngabakwaSpikes ("Coarse") noma zikhanyisa lonke udonga lwasemuva oluneziteki ezinde zensimbi kusuka phezulu. Lapho uhlangana nge-log for ngaphandle kwezikhala, okokuqala, umqhele ngamunye "usetshenzisiwe", ubeka phambili ekusikeni okukhethekile endizeni ephansi, futhi, okwesibili, igebe phakathi komqhele angena amaphaneli. Kwenziwa kahle indawo yokwakha ngesandla, okuyinto eside futhi ebizayo.
Kungenzeka kusenesikhathi ezimweni zefekthri, ukususa ungqimba lwangaphandle emshinini ovela kuzo zonke izingodo, ubanikeze isimo esibucayi ngesilinganiso esinobubanzi obubodwa. Ilogi elilinganisiwe, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi liyindilinga, lenza ukuthi likwazi ukusheshisa umhlangano kuphela, kepha futhi lisebenzise i-roll flap ukubeka phakathi komqhele, ngoba igebe phakathi kwabo liphenduka libe lincane futhi ligqoke umfaniswano. Lungisa imiphetho ebonakalayo yokubuyisa emuva kwigebe kungaba izikhathi ezi-5-7 ngokushesha kunokudlula.
Udonga oluvinjelwe Songa ngaphandle kwento elungiselelwe ngokwengeziwe ngokuya ngokuhambisana nosayizi kanye nephrofayili ekhethekile yesigaba sesiphambano. Ibha ingaqina noma igcotshwe. Ucezu olulodwa luyilogi elifanayo elilinganisiwe, kepha ngesigaba esingunxande noma isikwele sesigaba (ngokwesibonelo, ngo-150150 noma ngo-180180mm), kodwa alwenzi indlu eshibhile. Isidingo sokugcwalisa igebe phakathi komqhele sigcinwa ngoba ukushisa izinkuni kuyo yonke ivolumu ne-serial Technology kuyabiza kakhulu. Ukuqhamuka nengxenye yomswakama engxenyeni yesiphambano, ibha igcinwa kungu-1.5-2nkulunkulu, okhulisa isikhathi sokwakha, noma omiswe kuhhavini we-microwave, okhulisa kakhulu izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo.
Umswakama wezinkuni
Ukuqukethwe komswakama kwezinkuni kuhlolwa ngesilinganiso sobuningi bamanzi akhona kuwo kuya kusisindo sokhuni olomile ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe komswakama kwesihlahla samanzi ahlanzekile kungama-35% nangaphezulu, izingodo zodonga lwangaphandle lwendlu yokhuni-% (izinkuni ezomile), kanye nodonga lwebhodi legumbi elifudumele lingaphansi kwe-12% (ngaphakathi -Dry Wood). Kulokhu, ubuningi bezinkuni bungahluka ku-3RD (kusuka ngo-1200 kuya ku-400kg / m3). Ukuvezwa kwangaphambilini egumbini lokumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-log elokuqala linomthelela ekususeni okusheshayo komswakama kusuka ezingxenyeni zayo ezingaphezulu zifinyelela ku-12%. Ngakho-ke ukuthinta kuzokoma, kepha umswakama wesiko uzohlala uphakeme isikhathi eside. Okwedlule okwenzeka kancane kancane komgogodla we-2-3letlet kuhambisana nokwehla kokuncipha kwezinkuni, okubangela ukonakala kwelogi kanye nokuvela kwemifantu. I-Isastari yasungulwa ukunxephezelwa ukukhishwa kwemvelo kokhuni okubangelwa ukusatshalaliswa komswakama ngevolumu, ukubekezelela i-log House iminyaka engu-2 ngemuva kwemvula ngemuva kwemvula, ngemuva kwalokho. I-sawn timber (ibhodi, ipuleti, ikota, njll.) Ngomswakama ophezulu kwinqubo yokomisa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ichaza indlela yayo exakekile iphenduka ibe yi-Curve In the Indicable Way. Ukuze uthole i-log noma udonga oludalayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umswakama wawo ngesikhathi sokwakha ubalwe cishe ngo-16% kulo lonke ivolumu.Eminyakeni ethile edlule, kwasungulwa izingodo ezikhanyiwe, zaqashwa ngamabhodi ama-3-7 - ama-lamellas anobukhulu obungama-40 noma ama-50mm. Ukuze wehla ngamunye wabo ezimweni zefekthri kulula kunebha eliqinile, ngakho-ke ibha eyenziwe ngumuntu ibonakaliswa umswakama oqhubekayo we-12-16% kuyo yonke ingxenye yesiphambano. Ama-lamellas angenakuqhathaniswa awafaki umnyombo oxegayo, futhi wangaphakathi kuvunyelwe. Kepha ukuqondisa kwezindandatho zaminyaka yonke emabhodini angumakhelwane kufanele kube okuphambene ukuze kuncishiswe ukunciphisa, futhi amandla aphenduka aphezulu. Xhuma ama-lamellas phakathi kwawo nge-glue wantproof. Ochwepheshe benkampani i-MSK, bake bazama izinhlobo eziningi ze-glue, phikisana nokuthi imiphumela emihle inika ukwakheka okuhlanganisiwe ku-melamine noma i-polyurethane esekelwe (umenzi wesiSweden akzo Nobel). Inikeza ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezingcindezi. Njengoba izakhiwo zemigoqo egcotshwe zizinzile, kwavela ukuthi ngokwakha uhlelo olukhethekile lwe- "Groove Crest" ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwebha, umhlangano ungakhawulelwa ngokuvumelanisa ama-grooves womqhele ophansi nemigqomo phezulu. Inikeza ukuxhumana okuminyene kwe-Bruck ngaphandle kwesendlalelo esiphakathi seLibolok. Ngomklamo onjalo, kanye ne-log, sebenzisa noma ukuxhumana kwezinto ezimbili eziseduze nezinduna zokhuni (ngesigaxa esingu-2-3 cm), noma i-screed ende odongeni olusuka phezulu.Ukuvuselelwa okushisayo kodonga kungancishiswa, uma kungaphandle ukumboza ngesendlalelo sokufakwa kwe-thermal (ngokwesibonelo, inkampani ethambile ye-50mm, i-rocking rockwool) futhi ilalele u-vinyl. Kulokhu, ukulahleka kokushisa kwe-bar enesigaba esinesiphambano esine-100100mm kuphela esizoba sesithathu, futhi inani lekota lingelona elincane kakhulu le-150mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzokwazi ukusebenzisa isisekelo esishibhile.
Isihlangu sodonga Ihlanganiswe kusuka kwangaphambi kokuqoqeka kanye nezihlangu ezinqunyiwe ze-2m ububanzi futhi ubude besitezi esisodwa (yithi, 2.35m). Uhlaka lwesihlangu kusuka kubha nesigaba esinesiphambano esingu-50100mm ngezikhala zangaphakathi lugcwele amapuleti okufakwa okuzwakalayo okugcwele, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ngoboya bezimbiwa (mm-17 noma eminye imikhiqizo) usayizi wezinhlangothi eziyi-100mm, ngemuva okuyinto design elungiswe ngezinto zokuqeda. I-Krymera, uhlangothi lwangaphakathi luvame ukuhlukaniswa yi-Ekrryogon yekilasi, futhi ibhodi elidwetshwe kwangaphandle lingu-20 mm, lapho kuhlala khona i-vinyl siding. Izihlangu zifakwe emgqeni ongezansi, ezenziwe ngo-100150 noma ngo-150150mm futhi zibekwe ngokufaka amanzi nge-columnar noma i-Ribbon Foundation, futhi ziqinise ukukhishwa okungaphezulu. Amalunga phakathi kwezihlangu avale ukukhwela igwebu noma i-canopate. Ukuqothuka okuthunyelwe kufakwe amapuleti asono oboya bezimbiwamayini bomkhiqizo ofanayo, kepha u-50mm obukhulu. I-Lags (15050mm) yokuqedwa kwe-Overlaps ifakwe emgqeni ophansi nangaphezulu, ngaphezulu kweBhodi Lasetweni. Ingaphakathi lezihlangu ngemuva komhlangano lingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuqeda okwengeziwe.
Ukungathandeki komklamo onjalo - ukuphakanyiswa phansi kwendawo nendawo yonke yendlu (kungabi ngaphezu kwe-180m2). Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye wabathuthukisi bezihlangu ezinjalo (142mm obukhulu), iMegaStoypresizh, ukholelwa ukuthi inani labaphansi akufanele lidlule 2, kanti indawo ephelele ivunyelwe ngosayizi 79, 88 noma i-610m).
I-lining ingashintshwa ngezinto ezintsha zokuqeda, okubizwa nge- "block House". Uhlangothi lwalo lwangaphakathi lwenziwa njengokuhlwaya, futhi izilimo zangaphandle zimqhele wokusikwa. Ukusuka kude, indlu enomqedi onjalo kunzima ukuhlukanisa kusuka ku-log noma ephukile. Ngokuqina kwe- "block House" 30mm kanye nobukhulu be-Shield Wall 200mm, inkomba yokufakwa komsindo ye-RW ingafinyelela ku-53DB.
Udonga lwefreyimu Kungumklamo we-struts olungunxande (ngokwesibonelo, 38150mm), kulungiswe kusetshenziswa imichilo ephansi naphezulu (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ebhodini elikhuphukayo elinesigaba sesiphambano se-38200mm). Isinyathelo sezinyathelo (imvamisa 380-600mm) yenza ububanzi obujwayelekile obujwayelekile bezinto zokufaka okushisayo. I-pitch of the lag yaphansi futhi i-rafter icishe ibe ngu-380 mm, okhulisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo futhi ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamashidi ajwayelekile we-plywood ukumboza. Ukufakelwa kokufakelwa kungafakwa ngama-mat (woboya amaminerali, i-cacisic, ingilazi noma amapuleti (i-porous-fibrous, i-solit, i-fibtherite, i-peat, zokwenziwa kwamaselula), njenge-Ishini. Izinhlangothi zozimele zabeka i-rolled pair invarlation yohlobo lwe-membrane (izitembu "i-isosaptu", i-polykraft kanye nezinye), okubambezela phansi ukuphuma komphunga wamanzi ukusuka egumbini elingaphakathi kodonga. Umhlobiso wangaphakathi wenziwa ngokuchotshozwa noma nge-plasterboard kanye nephepha lodonga. Uhlangothi lwefreyimu yohlaka kanye nebanga lophahla luhlinzekwa nge-windproof (i-anti-creped) isendlalelo sephepha elivinjelwe umswakama we-plywood onobukhulu obungu-10mm, embozwe ngaphandle yifilimu ye-hydro-proof yefilimu (imikhiqizo ye-tyvek , "Ama-Izospana" nabanye). Phezu kwalokhu "Cake" Khiqiza Ukuqeda Kwangaphandle, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqina kwe-vinyl silingise 10-16mm. Ubukhulu obudongeni bonke ngu-180-200mm. Ekwiphamputhe elingaphezulu, imishayo yokuqothula isigaba sesiphambano esingu-38150mm, ngemuva kwalokho, ifakwe indlu enezitezi ezimbili, uhlaka lwesitezi sesibili lufakiwe.
Ingomane design yohlaka lwephaneli I-cottage kufreyimu eqoqekile imane ilenga izindonga, zibenze baphume ezihlathini eziqediwe.
Udonga lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe Eqoqwe kusuka kumaphaneli kakhonkolo aqinisiwe. Balengiswa ohlakeni, oluhlanganiswe amakholomu kakhonkolo aqinisiwe kanye nemishayo esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu eziningi. Ukuphakama kwe-cottage okungaphezulu kwamathathu phansi amathathu, kusetshenziswa ubuningi obunzima (abangama-2200kg / m3) noma ku-Lightweight (1800kg / M3). Kuyo, isitshalo sinamaphaneli wohlobo namaphaneli ngokuya ngemidwebo yomuntu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, iphaneli elinezingxenye ezintathu kusuka enkampanini "DSC 1" ngokuphakama okungu-2.8 no-3,6m ngobubanzi obungu-280mm kunokuvuselelwa kokushisa okungu-20 = 3.15 m2c / w, amandla ashubile angu-20MPA aqeda Ukuqanjwa kwezindonga ebusika. Iphaneli ngokwalo liqukethe izindonga zokhonkolo zangaphandle nezingaphakathi eziqinisiwe (75mm ubukhulu) nge-130 mm cavity phakathi kwabo egcwele igwebu. Izikhala phakathi kwamapuleti ngesikhathi sokufakwa zivalwe ngamaphakeji akhethekile wokufaka. Uma ekwakheni ukwenziwa kwephaneli ngaphandle "ngaphansi kwetshe" (ngenkathi ubukhulu obuphelele buzokhuphuka bube ngu-350mm), khona-ke ukufana kwabo nodonga lwamatshe nokubukeka, futhi amandla azomangaza. Ukuqina kwe-cottage kusuka kukhonkolo okuqinisiwe kufana nokuqina kwezakhiwo ezinama-multi amaningi. Kepha izindleko zendawo eyi-1M2 ephelele yezindlu ezinjalo zedlula ama- $ 300, futhi ngaleso sikhathi ngokukhiqizwa kwe-serial (inani elikhulu lama-oda) ngaphandle kokuqeda kwangaphakathi (inani lentengo elivela ku- $ 150 / m2).
Udonga lwezitini Imvamisa iqukethe izitini ezingama-25012065mm, ezibekwe noma uhlangothi olude ("ukhezo"), noma olufushane ("Tych"). Ukuphakama kwezitini kungaba ngomunye - 88, 140 noma 188mm. Njengoba amasayizi aphambuka angama-3-5mm, izikhala zishiywe phakathi kwezitini, ezigcwele isixazululo se-fastener. Isitini sinokuqhutshwa okukhulu okushisayo endaweni yesi-4 kunokhuni, nodonga lwayo ngokomqondo kufanele kube mkhulu ngasikhathi sinye. Ukunciphisa ukuthuthuka okushisayo komklamo noma ukusebenzisa isitini ngama-voids kancane, noma ukuwanikeza lapho ubeka odongeni. I-Void Fices Air, inciphise kakhulu ukuqina okushisayo kwesakhiwo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, beza nendlela yokuhlelwa kahle: Izindonga zangaphakathi nezingaphandle e-Pillipich zihlanganiswa njalo nge-0.6-1.2m mpo izitini mpo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udonga lwangaphandle lungahlehliswa noma luhlehliswe noma ngokuphelele izitini ezimhlophe ezibumbile, noma indlovukazi ene-red clay. Ama-cavities angaphakathi ("Wells") agcwele izinto ezincane zokuvuselelwa okushisayo, ezinjengokhonkolo obumba, ukhonkolo noma amaminerali. Udonga lomklamo onjalo lungaba mncane luqinile, oluzonciphisa isikhathi nezindleko zokwakha. Ngomculi ophakathi waseRussia, kwakhiwa ngobukhulu okungenani be-510mm (B2kyrpich). Ngasikhathi sinye, kuvela okulula kokhonkolo oqinisiwe, kepha akufudumele. Ochwepheshe benkampani "i-Archdizabstroy" qinisekisa ukuthi ukugcwaliswa kwe- "Wells" ngokudla okufudumele emlilweni kanye nokufakwa okuzwakalayo kahle kakhulu kunezindonga zezindonga ezingaphakathi.
Udonga lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe ngeFomu le-PolySTrere Removable Foam Inomgogodla obukhulu (150mm) umgogodla kanye nokuhlanza ukushisa okufakwa ngohlangothi lwangaphandle nolwengaphakathi, okwenziwe nge-polystyrere Foam 100 no-50mm, ngokulandelana. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bawo bonke ngu-300mm (uchungechunge 30MSO). Udonga luyakhiwa kanjalo. Okokuqala, amafomathi aqhamuka emabhulokini we-polystyrene foam anezinhlaka ezingama-3002501500mm. Izindawo ezingenhla nezingaphansi zalowo nalowo wakha uhlelo lwephazili, lapho amafomu aqoqwe khona ngokuya ngomgomo we-Lego Wezingane. Esikhathini esingaphakathi sokuphela kokuphela kwe-150mm ububanzi ngemuva kokufakwa, ukuqiniswa kwensimbi kufakwa okokuqala, bese kuthululelwa ukhonkolo, okuthi, ngokuya ngefomu ehlukile, ngemuva kokuqina, kwakha isakhiwo esiqinile noma sekhamera. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kodonga kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi amandla okucindezela kwe-3MPA anele indawo yokuhlala enama-streative ku-R0 = 3.15 m2c / w (bona №3 kamagazini ngo-201G.). I-Easy Polystyrere Foam ingumfaki omuhle, ayiboli, ayibusi, kepha, noma kunjalo, umphunga kanye nomoya. Inkampani "Izodom-2000" iqinisekisa ukuthi amafomu akhiqizwa yi-it avumela i-brigade yabathathu ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa ibhokisi lendlu enezitezi ezimbili ngaphansi kwamaviki amathathu.
Udonga lwekhonkolo yeselula Imvamisa eqoqwe emabhulokini ngamanye (ngokwesibonelo, ngezilinganiso ezingama-600300200mm). Ukhonkolo weClella wabizwa ngoba ingxube yendabuko yesihlabathi, usimende namanzi aqinile ekwakhekeni kwesethi engu-0.5-2 mm ngomoya ogcwele umoya. Umphumela uba sezinto zokwakha ezinjalo, ezisele "ezingezona ezingezinkomo", izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 ezilula kunokhonkolo ojwayelekile. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Thermal kodonga lwayo kuyizikhathi ezi-2-3 eziphansi kunokhonkolo olula, ukufakwa komsindo - 3 I-DB ingcono, futhi umphunga nokuphefumula kuqhathaniswa nezinkomba zesakhiwo sokhuni. Zonke lezi zinzuzo, ukhonkolo weselula kufanele aqukethe umoya oqukethwe kuwo. Amabhulokhi angaba nokunemba kosayizi abangu-1mm, okuvumela ukuthi wenze ama-masonry ngegebe elincane futhi usebenzise izingoma ezinamathela ekuxhumekeni kwezindawo. Izinhlobo ezintathu zikakhonkolo weselula zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu: ukhonkolo olwenziwe nge-aerated, igesi izilinge kanye negwebu, ehlukile ekwakhekeni nasendleleni yokwakhiwa kwama-pores.
Ukhonkolo we-Aerated cishe njalo uqukethe i-lime futhi wenziwe ngobuningi bama-350 kuya ku-700kg / m3 (ngokwesibonelo, efektri autoclaves usebenzisa i-shebel noma ubuchwepheshe be-ytong German Firms). Esikhathini esiningi ngaphansi kwe-400kg / m3, isetshenziselwa kuphela ukufakwa okushisayo, futhi ku-400kg / m3 nokuningi - ngamabhulokhi wokwakha, amapuleti okugcina ama-combors kanye nama-jumpers ekwakhiwa kwezindlu. Uma lime ku-RECICE Ukwakheka komthombo kungaphezulu kwama-50%, khona-ke okuqukethwe kubizwa ngokuthi yi-gaslilar. I-Stromzding iphawula i-paradox: Udonga lwamabhulokhi abiza kakhulu (1 mm) luzobiza okushibhile kunasemabhulokhi ajwayelekile okunemba. Amabhulokhi kakhonkolo kaFoam awanawo umugqa we-lime futhi ekhangayo kulokho okungenziwa okungakhiqizwa hhayi kuphela ezimweni zefekthri, kodwa futhi ngokuqondile esizeni sokwakha. Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-State Unistrital Enterprise "NIIZB", enye inzuzo kakhonkolo wegwebu ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungabonwa kukhonkolo ozenzakalelayo we-autoclave. Ukungabi jikelele zonke izitini yeselula hygroscopicity ukhonkolo-anda. Ngakho-ke, izindonga zazo zingcono ukuvikela noma ikuphi ukuqeda okwengeziwe ngaphandle, yize kunezibonelo zezindlu ezimi cishe iminyaka eyi-10 futhi ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa okunjalo.
Udonga lwePolystyrere Foam Kuhlanganiswe kusuka emabhulokini enziwe ngengxube yesixazululo sikakhonkolo ngemifino ye-Fomed Polystyrene futhi iqiniswe ngokufakwa kwe-polystyrene prismaic (isilinganiso sokugcina senza lokhu kube nzima ukuba nzima). Usayizi we-500300200mm unesisindo esingu-14-14.5kg - kuya ngobuningi bengxube (500-550kg / cm3), unamandla okuqina okucindezela okungenani okungu-1,6M2C / W. W. W. Uhlelo lokukhiya ezinhlakeni ezingenhla nezingaphansi ze-block luqeda ukubukeka kwama- "amabhuloho obandayo", futhi ukunemba kwalo kuvumela ukwakheka okunamathela lapho kufakwa odongeni. Lobu buchwepheshe babonakala nathi muva nje futhi njengamanje balwazi kahle ekwakheni. Vimba abakhiqizi - kufaka phakathi inkampani ethi "Mosstroy-31" - Qinisekisa ukuthi udonga olunobunzima obunjalo luyanele, uma lufisa, ukuncela isitezi sesithathu esifudumele sekhethini, .
Udonga lwe-carcass-monolithic Waqanjwa ngoba okokuqala endaweni yezindlu zesikhathi esizayo aqoqwa ephuzwini (ikholomu) FAME kusuka kuphrofayili yensimbi egoqiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho ithululelwa ngodaka olucashile (i-capsimetom) usebenzisa amafomu. I-Capsemet inelungelo lobunikazi yi-Moscow Institute of Materials and Technologies (IMAT) futhi ihlukile kukhonkolo ejwayelekile ye-Ceramzite kulokho "amabhola" e-ceramimite ahlotshaniswa nesisombululo esisezingeni elithile kuphela ezindaweni zokuxhumana kuphela ezindaweni zokuxhumana kuphela ezindaweni zokuxhumana kuphela, kanye nonke ivolumu igcwele umoya. Imiphumela yokwehla kwe-Cuntz ka-250-350 kg / m3 ubukhulu be-monolith itholakala ngo-350-400kg / m3, okungaphansi kobukhulu bokhuni. Kepha ubuningi obuncane be-ceramisitis, kwehlise ukwenziwa okushisayo kodonga. Ngakho-ke, ukushuba kodonga okungu-360mm ngomkhawulo wamandla ekucindezelweni 4Mpa kunokumelana nokuvuselelwa kokushisa okungu-R0 = 3.15 m2c / w futhi ngasikhathi sinye cishe kungavuthi. Uma ucabanga ngobuningi obuphansi bengxube, inkampani ye-ABB iye yathuthukisa ukugcwalisa izindonga zezakhiwo eziphansi eziphansi ifomu elenziwe kabusha ngendlela yohlaka lwe-polyethylene lwelulwe kulo. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bakhalisa kakhulu ukusebenza komsebenzi futhi buhlise izindleko zabo ngo-30%.
Udonga lwama-ceramzitopenob amabhlokhi kakhonkolo Ihlanganiswe ekwakhiweni okunamathela, ngoba usayizi ngamunye we-block (695195350mm) unephutha le-1mm. Ibhulokhi ngokwayo liqukethe izingqimba ezintathu Zonke lezi zingqimba ezintathu zidonswa izinduku ezimbili ze-fiberglass zibe olulodwa lonke olunezinkinga ezilinganiselwe ze-900-1000kg / m3. Amandla wesakhiwo e-Compression ayikho ngaphansi kwe-10 MP, ukumelana nokushisa kokushisa kufinyelela ku-3.15m2c / W. Uhlangothi lomgwaqo lwe-block lumbozwe ngethayela lokuvimbela amanzi okuvikela amanzi angu-20mm ubukhulu. Umthuthukisi wezinto ezibonakalayo "ITploStsen" aqinisekisa ukuthi isidumbu se-cottage esivela emabhulokini afudumele okushisa asidingi umhlobiso wangaphandle kanye nezitezi ezimbili nendawo ephelele yendlu kuya ku-300m2 zingakhiwa iBrigade yabakhi abane isonto.
Ukukhetha i-Cottage Wall Design
Qhathanisa izinkomba zabathengi manje, ezisuka kwisikhathi "SENTAL" Concepts (ama-aesthetics, ukuvelela, ubungane bezemvelo, kuzosisiza ekuhloleni ukusetshenziswa komnotho nokuqina kodonga olulodwa noma olunye odongeni lodonga olulodwa noma olunye umklamo owodwa. Uma izindleko zika-1 m2 zodonga lwesihlangu zithathwa ngo-1, kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwe-polystyrererene foam kuzobiza kakhulu; Uhlaka Lama-Hermed - cishe 1.1-1.3; I-Puff Construd ngohlaka lukakhonkolo okhuni noma oluqinisiwe - kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-1.9; ukhonkolo weselula - 2.2; ukudonsa noma ungene ngemvume, kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3; Izitini, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe noma ophukile ngokufakwa kwangaphandle - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-4 (ngosayizi osondelene nekhono lokusindisa ukushisa).
Into ebalulekile lapho ukhetha ukwakheka odongeni yimpilo eqinisekisiwe yokusebenza kwayo. Ngakho-ke, izihlangu zesihlangu nohlaka zivame ukwakhelwa iminyaka engama-20- 30, ikhabethe le-log kanye ne-liner - 30-40, izitini ziqiniswe ngokhonkolo, ngaphezulu kuka-50. Ukuqanjwa kokuhlolwa kwempilo yezindonga zikakhonkolo kamayela kanye nezindonga zikakhonkolo ezinama-filler ahlukahlukene kusesekuseni kakhulu, lezi zinhlaka zincane kakhulu. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi izinsuku ezinqunyelwe zincane ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zesimo sezulu. Idizayini efanelekile yokwakheka inwebisa impilo yayo, kanye nama-cataclysms ahlukahlukene, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuncishiswa kakhulu, kufinyelela ekubhujisweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ekuhlangeni kwezikhukhula emugqeni we-European. Zonke ezinye izinkomba sinciphise ngaphakathi
| Ukusongoza icebo | Isilinganiso esiphakathi, kg / m3 | Amandla okucindezela, i-MPA | Ubukhulu, mm. | Inkani | I-RW, Index ye-DB Soundproofing | Izindleko zezindlu, $ / M2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuphefumula ri, m2chp / kg | Parphumations RP, M2CHP / MG | ||||||
| Isintu | 150-250 | 1.3-2.0 | 142. | Ngaphezulu kwe-300 | Ngaphezu kwe-0.7 | 52. | Kusuka kuma-80. |
| Isihlangu ngomhlobiso "i-block House" | 180-250 | 1.3-2.0 | 200. | Ngaphezulu kwe-100. | Ngaphezulu kuka-0.8. | 53. | Kusuka ngo-120. |
| Uphahla | 180-250 | 1.5-2.5 | 180. | Ngaphezulu kwe-100. | Ngaphezu kwe-0.7 | 52. | Kusuka ngo-120. |
| Log uqobo / ulinganiselwe | 500-600 | 3-6 | 220. | Bangaphezu kuka-21. | Bangaphezu kuka-3. | 46. | Kusuka ngo-120/180 |
| Kuhlutshwe konke / kugcotshwe | 500-600 | 3-6 | 220. | Bangaphezu kuka-21. | Ngaphezu kwe-4. | 46. | Kusuka ngo-150/5050 |
| Wakhothama ngokufakwa kwangaphandle | I-350-400 | 2-4 | 170. | Ngaphezulu kwe-100. | Ngaphezu kwe-2. | 48. | Kusuka ngo-300. |
| Izitini kahle | 800-1600 | 7-10. | 510. | Bangaphezu kuka-25. | Bangaphezu kuka-3. | amashumi amahlanu | Kusuka kuma-240. |
| Ukhonkolo oqiniswe kathathu | I-1200-1800 | 12-20. | I-280. | Ngo-19620. | Bangaphezu kuka-5. | amashumi amahlanu | Kusuka kuma-300. |
| Kuqiniswe ngokhonkolo ngefomu elingasuswanga | 800-900 | 10-14 | 300. | Ngaphezu kwama-400. | Bangaphezu kuka-3. | 46. | Kusuka ngo-120. |
| Ukhonkolo noma ukhonkolo kagesi | 400-700 | I-3.5 | 375. | Bangaphezu kuka-21. | Bangaphezu kuka-1,5 | amashumi amahlanu | Kusuka ngo-180. |
| Ukunwebeka kwe-polystyrere foam | 200-350 | 1.3-2.1 | 300. | Ngaphezu kwama-400. | Bangaphezu kuka-5. | 46. | Kusuka kuma-80. |
| Uhlaka-Monolithic | 350-370. | 4-6 | 360. | Bangaphezu kuka-17. | Ngaphezu kwe-4. | amashumi amahlanu | Kusuka ngo-140. |
| Ceramzitopenobetonna | I-1000-1300 | 3.5-10 | 350. | Ngaphezulu kwe-100. | Bangaphezu kuka-5. | amashumi amahlanu | Kusuka ngo-160. |
| * - ngesakhiwo sekhamera kakhonkolo; ** - Ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuvimbela ukushisa ezingeni le-R0T = 3.15m2C / W; *** - Intengo ngaphandle kwezindleko zomhlobiso wangaphakathi kanye nokuxhumana kobunjiniyela |
Ungaqoqa kanjani udonga kusuka emabhuloki elokwakha - kwikhambi noma kwi-glue?
Lapho uhlangana nodonga lwezinto ngazinye (izitini, amabhlogo, amaphaneli, amapuleti, ama-jumpers) ngenxa yokwehluka kwe-5-10 mm ngenxa yosayizi wawo, kwakhiwa izikhala, ubukhona balokho okungamukeleki. Lezi zikhala ekwakheni zigcwele ungqimba lwesixazululo (15-25mm obukhulu), okuyingxube kasimende, isihlabathi namanzi. Akugcini nje ngokuqeda igebe, kepha futhi kuqinisekisa amandla okuxhuma. Ukuphenya kuphela kwekhambi kuphakeme kakhulu okushisayo okushisayo kunalokho okwenziwa okwenziwayo okwenziwayo (i-thermal couftivity coeffled = 0.9-0.95 w / (MS) esikhundleni se-0.16-0.5 w / (MS) ye-BRICK). Ngakho-ke umthungo uphendukela "amabhuloho abandayo", ngokuncishiswa okungu-15- 20% ezingxenyeni zokufakwa kwe-thermal zodonga.Okuphuma kulesi sikhundla ezimbili. Owokuqala: Gcwalisa udonga ngesisombululo ngegebe ngaphandle nangaphakathi, ushiye igebe lomoya kubukhulu bayo (ngemuva kwakho konke, njengoba sazi, akushisi ukushisa). Okwesibili: Ukunciphisa igebe kube okungenani ngokwenza usayizi wento ngayinye ngephutha le-1mm.Ekamelweni, isikhathi sokwakha sanda futhi namandla okuxhuma ancishisiwe. Ngokwesibili, izindleko zezakhi ziyanda, kepha amandla okuwahlanganisa ngokwakheka okunama-anama esithwalo okuba nokuvuselelwa okufanayo okufana nokuqukethwe kwento yokwakha. Izibonelo zezingoma ezinjalo zingasebenza njengengxube esomile yaseBelarusian "OBUDOVA" yokhonkolo weselula, isixazululo sesiPolish adhesive "Atlas KB-15", iSt. Petersburg "Sholwation"
Izici zomhlobiso ongaphakathi wezindonga
Izindonga zokhuni ziyathandeka ngoba zidinga umhlobiso omncane wezangaphakathi, njengokugaya nokugoqa nge-varnish esobala noma uwoyela. Abanye ngokunembe ngenxa yesici esinjalo bese ukhetha lokhu okuqukethwe. Izinga lokuvuthaka kwezinkuni linciphisa ukukhishwa ngomunye wabanambitha (
Bheka uNash Magazine Inombolo 7 Za2002g.). Lokhu kusebenza kuwo womabili amakhabethe ama-log ngokufakwa kwangaphandle, kanye nemiklamo yamaphaneli amakamelo.Udonga lukakhonkolo lwamaselula luyabonakala khona, ngakho-ke kukhona udaka lokuqeda kwalo, ukuhlinzeka ukudluliselwa umswakama ngamandla afanayo (ngokwesibonelo, uphawu lwentengiso ye-polymikiks). Esimweni esiphambene, noma udaka nesikhathi sizowela, noma izindonga zizoqala ukuphekwa futhi zimbozwe isikhunta. Ukuqedela nge-plasterboard noma i-plywood ngephepha lokunamathisela elilandelayo kulokhu kungathandeki.
Ingaphakathi le-Brick, Udonga oluqinisiwe no-Ceramzitopenobetone lubandakanya uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwamandla, kusuka kumbala olula osombeni ngaphambi kokuqeda nge-clapboard. Ngokuhambisana nabasekeli besimanje, izingxenye ngazinye zezindonga ezinjalo azihlukaniswa nhlobo.
Ingaphezulu lefomu le-polystyrere Foam, kanye nodonga lwe-polystyrene foam, lungahlukaniswa nganoma yiziphi izinto, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo, njenge-clasterboard. Ukuphela kwento edingekayo ekukhetheni kuqala ifomu lefomu elingasuswayo yindlela yokuqinisa impahla yokuqeda odongeni: ku-glue ku-polystyrene Foam noma ngomshini ukuze ukhonkolo. Ngakho-ke, i-plasterboard ingahle ilungiswe ngendlela yokuqala, futhi lapho ishelela ngokushaya i-Clap, kuyadingeka ukulungiswa kwangaphambili ku-Conccrete Oughting Frame kusuka kojantshi abanama-ratio amade.
Izincomo Ezisebenzayo
- Qaphela ukuthi ukwehla kobukhulu bodonga uma kuqhathaniswa nokulungile, ukuhlinzeka ngokumelana nokuvuselelwa kokushisa kokushisa okuvumelekile, akugcini nje ngokunciphisa amandla esakhiwo ekucindezelekeni, kepha futhi kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yezimali zakho izosetshenziselwa njalo 'ukufudumeza umgwaqo.'
- Lapho ubeka udonga ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-steamproof (izitini, amaphaneli epulasitiki, i-siding) phakathi kwesendlalelo esemqoka nokuqeda, kungcono ukuhlinzeka nge-condensate yomoya (ukunciphisa ubungozi be-condensate ewela ngaphakathi kodonga lwe-multilayer).
- Unga-oda amabhlokhi kakhonkolo wekhonkolo osuka ku-50 kuye kwangama-500mm ngesinyathelo 25mm. Ngakho-ke ngokwabelana kwangaphakathi kanye nokufakwa kophahla ungahlala ukhetha amabhlogo osayizi abafanelekile nokuzikhethela ukuze ubheke ezinye izinto.
- Ukunemba kobukhulu bezitini abakhiqizi abahlukene kungahluka. Ngakho-ke, kumsebenzi wangaphandle wesitini "ngaphansi kokukhuphuka", thenga imikhiqizo yesitshalo esisodwa.
- Ukunamathisela noma yiziphi izinto odongeni lukakhonkolo weselula, sebenzisa kuphela izinzipho ezikhethekile noma ama-dowels. Musa ukubeka ekugcineni emaphethelweni amabhulokhi nomunye (ibanga lincike ekunciphiseni kwebhulokhi).
- Ezindaweni zokumisa izinto ezisindayo ezisindayo (ngokwesibonelo, amashalofu asekhishini) odongeni onodonga olunefomu elingasuswanga, buyisela (ngisho nangaphambi kokunqunyelwa kwezangaphakathi kwengxenye ye-polystyrene foam yebha yokhuni ebukhali. Ilivikelekile kukhonkolo oqinisiwe nge-dowel.
- Isisindo sezinto zimiswe odongeni lwephaneli noma i-Frame Cottage akufanele yedlule i-15-20kg. Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa ama-analog abo angaphandle.
Abahleli babonga inkampani "ZODYCHI. Ru", "i-Archdizabredtroy", "Ithebula", "abb", "i-iSPKPSTION", "Megroyprestiz", "Messtroy-31, I- "DSC-1", "Vekod", kanye ne-CNIIEP "yokuhlala" kanye ne-Gup "NIIZB" ukuthola usizo lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.