Izindawo zokucima umlilo ze-Maronry. Idivaysi ne-classication, ukufakwa, izinto zokwakha ama-chimneys, izimfanelo kanye nokuhlanza ubuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe be-masonry.
Isiqhingi somlilo, sidalwe kusuka ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa izisetshenziswa zodonga
Indawo yomlilo enama-tile ugcina ukushisa
Izinto eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo sendawo yomlilo esetshenzisiwe:
a - umqoqi wentuthu;
b - ishalofu lemimoya;
ku - ingosi;
r - igumbi lokushisa;
d - ishalofu elinamaqabunga;
E - Drovnitsa
Engaphakathi lizama ukukhiqiza kabusha inkathi ye-AR-Deco, indawo yomlilo inefomu le-laconic, eliqinile
Ingosi enkulu iletha umoya wezinqaba zangezikhathi zakudala endlini yanamuhla. Kepha faka indawo enjalo yomlilo kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungadubuli igumbi
Izingosi zezindawo zokucima umlilo zesimanje kwesinye isikhathi zinamafomu ezinganekwane kakhulu
I-Parade FirePlace yegumbi lokuhlala elingaphakathi ngesitayela samakoloni
Indawo ephezulu yekona
Ukuvela kanjani izitini ezingunxande kugoqele i-hemispherical fiber - Imfihlo ye-Master
Indawo yomlilo ibeka kangcono kuze kufike kudivayisi yezitezi nezinhlaka zophahla
Ukuncishiswa kokugawulwa kwezindawo zokucima umlilo nokwakheka okuhlukahlukene kweziteshi zokudla kwegesi. Uhlaka lwabo nosayizi wabo futhi bakha imfihlo enkulu yamadivayisi asebenzayo: 
Ngokusho kwemininingwane yezibalo, kusuka kuma-80 kuye kwangama-90% wabanikazi bezindawo zokuhlala bangathanda ukuba noma vele banendawo yomlilo ekhaya labo. Isihloko salokhu kuphoqelelwa "kwabathengisi besikhathi esedlule" kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukungabi nezinkinga ngezinkinga zokushisa. Indawo yomlilo ngokuyinhloko iwuphawu lwempilo, ukuqina, induduzo yasekhaya. Uma ucela, ukhombisa indlela ye-epicorean empilweni yansuku zonke.
Kusihlwa esichithwe emlilweni ovulekile womlilo ezindaweni ezinamakhaza ezimhlophe ezikhaleni zilula, kepha injabulo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yomlilo eyenziwe ngokufanelekile iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuphefumula, yomisa umoya endaweni yokuhlala (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu endaweni enesimo sezulu esiluhlaza). Akumangazi ukuthi inani lezindawo zokucima umlilo nezindawo zokucima umlilo ezindlini zikhula nsuku zonke.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ithuluzi lomlilo liyinkimbinkimbi futhi liyinto emnene ", lidinga ukubalwa okunembile nokubulawa kokwakha okuchumayo. Esimweni esiphambene, "ukugxila komlilo ophilayo" kungaphenduka isithando somlilo nokukhathala njalo. Ekugcineni, izicishamlilo, njenganoma yimiphi eminye imithombo yelangabi elivulekile, ziyingozi yomlilo futhi ngokungahambisani nemithetho yokwakha nokusebenza ziyakwazi ukuletha inkathazo enkulu kwabanikazi bawo. Ngamanye amagama, uma unquma ukuthola indawo yomlilo, izinkinga ezihambisana nokufakwa kwayo, udinga ukunaka kakhulu.
Idivaysi nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zokucima umlilo
Yonke indawo yomlilo iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: I-FireBox, ingosi kanye ne-chimney. Izindawo ezihlukaniswe yi-Firebox Design. Izindawo zokucima umlilo zokugcina zivulekile, zibanzi, kepha zingajulile. Lolu uhlobo lwe-niche eyenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo (izitini, itshe, insimbi). Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, izicishamlilo zikwazi ukushisa igumbi kuphela ngamandla amakhulu akhiqizwe phakathi kwenqubo yokuvutha kaphethiloli. Kalula nje, zinikeza ukushisa kuphela lapho umlilo ushisa kuzo. Azidingi isikhathi sokufudumeza izidumbu zazo ezinkulu, njengasesimweni sezimpahla, kepha zisheshe zipholile. Ngokuvamile, izindawo zokucisha umlilo azinandaba namadivayisi wokushisa asebenza kahle kakhulu: Ukusebenza kwazo kungu-10-25% (ukusebenza kahle kwendawo yomlilo kunqunywa ngesilinganiso senani lamandla anikezwe egumbini, emandleni angatholakala ngokuhlanganiswa okugcwele kwamafutha). Ukuze uqhathanise: Ukusebenza kahle kwamathone wokushisa wanamuhla kufinyelela kuma-70-80%, ukusebenza kahle kwesithando saseRussia kungu-20-30%.Ukwandisa ukudluliswa kokushisa kwensiza, izindonga zangaphakathi zesithando kufanele zibe nekhono eliphakeme. Kulokhu, zenziwa njengebushelelezi futhi ngisho nangokunokwenzeka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi sifakwe umugqa ngamashidi ethusi noma angenasici. I-Filacate Heat Heat Ukuphonsa izazi izindonga eziseceleni kwezithando zomlilo zenziwa ngokushaya odongeni olungemuva. Kulokhu, ukushisa kuboniswa egumbini hhayi kusukela odongeni olungemuva kuphela, kepha futhi kusuka ezindongeni eziseceleni, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwensiza kuphakama ngo-7-10%. Isithando somlilo esivulekile sibekwa esitini esibushelelezi esibushelelezi ngobubanzi be-5-6mm ububanzi. Ubukhulu bodonga yingxenye ye-polkirpich.
Engxenyeni engenhla yegumbi lomlilo, umpheme wegesi ngokuvamile akhiqizwa ("izinyo"). Uvimbela ukukhishwa kwezihlangu kusuka kupayipi, uvikela isithando somlilo kusuka ekuhambeni komoya okuphikisayo okwazi ukudala intuthu yegumbi nokuphuma kwensipho, futhi kuthuthukisa iketane lapho kuvusa indawo yomlilo lapho kuvuselela iketane umlilo. Umkhawulo wegesi yindawo lapho i-soot ixazululwa khona, ngakho-ke kungafakwa ugqoko wetage-sage lapha. Kodwa-ke, ngemiklamo eminingi "izinyo" akukho futhi isithando se-chimney esiteshini esithambekele (kwesinye isikhathi siqine kakhulu geometry). Ngokuvamile, i-firewall ngayinye inezimfihlo zayo. Easy (ingxenye engezansi yendawo yomlilo) iyajula ngokuqoqa umlotha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekudidekile kusebenza njengomthombo owengeziwe wokuhlinzekwa komoya wesithando somlilo (izimthela ezinothando ngebhokisi lomlilo elivaliwe).
Izincomo ze-Snipa 2.04.05-91 * "Ukushisa, umoya omncane kanye nomoya womoya" evunyelwe ngo-1997.
Isigaba 3.84. Imiklamo yokwakha kufanele ivikelwe ekulakeni:
a) Phansi kusuka ezintweni ezivuthayo nezilukhuni ngaphansi komnyango we-metering - ishidi lensimbi elingu-700500mm, lisendaweni yalo ende esithandweni somlilo;
b) Udonga noma ukwahlukanisa kusuka ezintweni ezingafinyeleleki ezisondelene ne-oveni yangaphambili, - ngodaka olunobukhulu be-25mm kwigridi yensimbi noma ishidi lensimbi ku-asbestos yamakhadibhodi aphezulu kuya kwezinga le-250mm ngaphezulu phezulu kwekhoyili.
Isigaba 3.86. Phansi kusuka ezintweni ezivuthayo ngaphansi kwezindawo zozimele, kufaka phakathi imilenze, kufanele ivikelwe kwinsimbi ye-logrition ekhadini le-asbestos elinobukhulu be-10mm, ngenkathi ibanga ukusuka phansi kwesithako kufanele okungenani kube yi-100mm.
Zonke izinhlobo zezindawo zokucima umlilo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: ngebhokisi lomlilo elivulekile nelivaliwe. Amakamelo avaliwe amakhamera afakwe umnyango we-quartz glass obekezelela ukushisa ku-800c. Le minyango ivula kuphela ohlangothini, noma ohlangothini nalaphaya phezulu. Ekugcineni, banikezwa indlela ekhethekile yokuphakamisa. Vele, kuyaqhubeka futhi kwandisa ukwakhiwa kokwakhiwa, kepha iminyango ihlanzwe esweni lisuka esweni likuvumele ukuba ujabule ngokugcwele ngomlilo ophilayo.
Izikhala zemililo ezinebhokisi lomlilo elivaliwe ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngezindlela ezimbili: wanyamalala noma ngomnyango ovulekile. Ibhokisi lomlilo elivaliwe elinomnyango ovulekile awehlukile kubhokisi lomlilo elivulekile ngaphandle komnyango. I-Avota enomnyango ovaliwe, ungaguqula ukusakazwa komoya okungena endaweni yomlilo, ubheke izimbobo eziphansi. Uma kuncane inani lokugeleza komoya, kancane kancane kuzoqhuba izinqubo ezivuthayo. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, ingxenye eyodwa yendlu yezinkuni inganwetshwa ubusuku obunesisindo. Umnotho wendawo yomlilo enjalo uphakeme kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi usetshenziselwe ukufudumeza okuhlukile.
Yikuphi ukucisha umlilo okungcono noma okuvaliwe kwe-firebox? Ama-ChermannNa namazwe aseScandinavia, lapho indlela enengqondo yokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zikaphethiloli iyinto evamile, izicishamlilo ezinezicabha ziyathandwa. Ama-proszia, ngenxa yezizathu zama-aesthetics, anikezwa okuthandwayo kwizakhiwo ezivulekile. Izikhala zemililo ezinesithando sensimbi esivaliwe zifakwa kahle emakhaya anama-chimney akhona, ngakho-ke ukufakwa kwamadivayisi anjalo kulula kakhulu. Ngezindlu, ipayipi le-chimney livame ukwakhiwa ngendawo yomlilo. Lapha kufanelekile ekwakhiweni kwendawo enkulu yomlilo ye-masonry engamelana ne-tube esindayo (isisindo sayo singafinyelela ku-2t). Isithando somlilo kule "fevali" asinakhono. Ukuyithumela (imitha ye-ACan ye-chimney inesisindo esingama-200-250kg), kuzodingeka ukuthi usule enye isakhiwo esengeziwe esekelayo. I-Uncase, izindleko zendawo yomlilo enebhokisi lomlilo elivaliwe zingase zibe kakhulu (izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2) ngaphezulu kwenani lendawo yomlilo elijwayelekile, inani eliphakathi kwalo, ngokuya ngo- $ 2000-5000.
Vele, umbuzo wemiphumela yendawo yomlilo kanye nepayipi laso intuthu ekuqedeni kwesakhiwo noma isisekelo asixazululwa esweni, kodwa ngesisekelo sezibalo zobunjiniyela. Kumele zitholakale kubakhi ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe benkampani "kfelvit", uma inqwaba yendawo yomlilo idlula i-900kg, ihlala ihlakaniphile ukuyibeka esitezi sokuqala nangesisekelo esihlukile. Esitezi sesibili kunemiklamo elula futhi engasindi, ngaphandle kwalokho izindleko zomsebenzi zikhuphuka kakhulu.
Kuya ngendawo, izindawo zokucisha umlilo zihlukaniswe ngokuphelele odongeni; eyakhelwe ingxenye yodonga (sprayer); ama-angular avale; udidekile; ekhoneni; Isiqhingi (esisendaweni ephakathi kwekamelo).
Ukufakwa kwezindawo zokucima umlilo
Indawo yendawo yomlilo inqunywa yisixazululo sezakhiwo sezakhiwo eziklanyelwe, ukwakheka kwezindonga, uhlelo lokupholisa umoya futhi, izidingo zomlilo. Ngokuya ngokwakha izindonga, izindawo zokucima umlilo zingabalelwa eduze kwabo noma zigxile kuzo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izindonga zangaphakathi noma ukwahlukaniswa kusuka ezintweni ezingafinyeleleki ezihloselwe ukubekwa iziteshi zentuthu. Ngendawo ngayinye yomlilo kudinga i-chimney ehlukile. "Ukutshala" izicishamlilo ezimbili ezitholakala emafulethini ahlukene, i-chimney eyodwa ngokweqiniso, kodwa ngenkinga. Kunoma ikuphi, kuzokwenzeka kuphela ukuze uzisebenzise. Usayizi wokuvulwa kwangaphandle kwesithando somlilo kufanele uhambisane nosayizi wekamelo lapho indawo yomlilo ifakiwe khona (indawo yokuvulwa ivame ukuxhunyaniswa nendawo yegumbi ngokulingana 1:75) .
Indawo evulekile yomlilo evela esitini iyisakhiwo esikhulu kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi iyadingeka ngayo. Isisekelo esihlukile kwesinye isikhathi siyadingeka (kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi). Kuyadingeka futhi ukubheka izici zomoya omncane wekamelo. Izicishamlilo azibekezeleli kahle, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuba nazo kude neminyango, amawindi kanye nomoya omncane. Uhlangothi oluqinile, umlilo uyadingeka ukugeleza komoya okuhlala njalo futhi okukhulu, okungavimba amafasitela acwebezelwe akhephi. Uma ungazifezi lezi zidingo, umlilo endaweni yomlilo uyoshisa ungazinzile futhi ubheme. Izinkinga ezikhethekile ezinokusalungiswa zivela lapho ukuklama izicisha umlilo, "kuvulekele yonke imimoya" kusuka ezinhlangothini ezine. Egumbini elisekamelweni kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlela umoya omncane wokuphoqelela olawula i-chimney, kungenzeka ukuthi alawule amapharamitha awo.
Futhi nokho izinto eziza kuqala ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokucisha umlilo kufanele zithathwe njengezidingo zomlilo. Indawo yomlilo kufanele ihlukaniswe ngokuphepha ubulili, ukwahlukaniswa kanye nezinye izinhlaka zokwakha ezenziwe ngezinto ezivuthayo.
Izinkinga zokuphepha ngomlilo zisebenza ikakhulukazi lapho zifaka izithonjana ezindlini zokhuni. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula: izicishamlilo nama-chimneys kumele zisuswe ngebanga elanele kusuka kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezivela ezintweni ezivuthayo! Ibanga lokhu kufanele okungenani kube yi-250mm. Izindonga ezenziwe ngezinto ezivuthayo eziseduze nendawo yomlilo, kuyadingeka ukwahlukanisa ngezinto ezingekho emthethweni, njenge-asbestos shement noma i-asbestos-usimende, i-asbestos-cement, i-mathy izibalo ze-silica fiber.
Ababhemayo bagxile ekhaya ekubukeni kwesiteshi esiphakeme sokuphekela mpo okokuqala bangene emakhulwini eminyaka aphezulu. Bc e. NgeRoma. Ngokufanayo, oveny omkhulu wamanzi okushisa kumabhavu wamaRoma afakwe yi-chimney enjalo. Isimo sezulu esipholile savumela amaGrikhi, amaRoma kanye nabamele ezinye izimpucuko zezwe lasendulo ngaphandle kwezindawo zokucima umlilo "ezifudumele" zokufudumeza indawo enkulu, okugcwele amalahle ngamalahle ayevamile.
Ushemula
I-chimney yisiteshi esithe mpo esisebenza ukususa umhlanganisi nemikhiqizo yokungena emanzini asolwandle okusha. Ukuphonsa ku-chimney kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ubuningi bamagesi afudumele afudumele kuwo angaphansi kobukhulu bomoya ongaphandle. Ijubane lokunyakaza lamagesi we-flue lincike emehlweni emazingeni okushisa afudumele nomoya obandayo, kanye nasekuphakameni kwepayipi. Ngakho-ke, i-chimney, yize kubonakala sengathi kube lula ukwakheka, isakhiwo esinzima sobuchwepheshe, ukubalwa okuyikho - okushiwo yimigomo yokugobhozwayo. Nalu uhlu lwabo olufushane: Ubukhulu bokuvulwa kwesithando somlilo kanye nokujula kwengosi; Ububanzi nokuphakama komphimbo womqoqi; Ukuphakama nokuwela kwesigaba sepayipi; Ukukhetha i-cap edingekayo yepayipi; Izici ngazinye zezwe nokubukeka komhlaba (okuphansi, ukuphakama, indawo evulekile, isimo sezulu, umoya wezakhiwo, ubukhona bezakhiwo endaweni enobungcweti obukhulu kakhulu, nakulomkhakha we ukwakhiwa. Njengoba abakhi uqobo bethi, "U-Brickayer kanye nendawo yomlilo bahlukahlukene." Izicishamlilo kufanele zigoqe indawo yomlilo, hhayi inkosi yokulungiswa kabusha.Imvamisa, amapayipi ama-chimney e-fireplace Fireplace akhiwa ngezitini ezishiswe ngokukhethekile. Ama-masonry kufanele abe abushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokukhuluphala komthungo, okuphezulu kwe-5mm. Isikhumu somthungo, ngokushesha kubhujiswa ngaphansi kwesenzo samagesi ashisayo. Izitini, ziya ekwenziweni kwe-chimney, zikhethiwe bushelelezi, ngaphandle kwamaphrotheni noma i-chosel. Indawo yesigaba sesiteshi somlilo iziteshi zomlilo ziningi ngaphezu kwendawo yesiteshi sentuthu yesithambiso samandla afanayo. Ngakho-ke, indawo yomlilo ayinakwenzeka ngandlela thile "ukuheha" ku-chimney esevele ekhona. Isiteshi esincane sesiteshi sesitekethe siyisitini esisodwa, noma i-130260mm. Ukuphakama kwamapayipi we-flue (imbewu ye-grate kuya emlonyeni) kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-5m. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ipayipi lishiya eduze kwenduku yophahla futhi ngasikhathi sinye i-Tower epofela ngaphezulu kwezinga elingu-500mm (lapho isiketi sisuswa ku-1.5 m). Ukuphakama kwepayipi kufanele kukhuphuke (ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezela), uma izakhiwo eziphakeme noma zisondele kakhulu.
I-chimney ende ngokweqile izokwakha ukunxanela komoya okuqinile kakhulu. Izinkuni ze-vtaka fourewood izinkuni zizokhanyiswa ngokushesha. Ukunxephezela ngaphakathi kwe-chimney, kusethiwe i-traction stabilizer. Kuyi-valve, ichopho elivulwa ngenxa yomoya oqinile womoya futhi inikeze ukufinyelela okubandayo okubandayo kwimodi ezenzakalelayo. Uma umgqumo wentuthu, kunalokho, umfushane kakhulu, isivunguvungu ngeke singanele. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukufaka uhlelo oluphoqelelwe lokususwa kwentuthu - fan ekhethekile yokuvimbela ukushisa, ifakwe emlonyeni (okumhlophe) kwepayipi. Umlandeli onjalo uzokwakha i-vacuum eyengeziwe, ekhulisa ukugcwala kwe-chimney.
Umsele wentuthu kufanele aqonde ngqo. Kuvunyelwe ukuphambuka okuvela mpo kuye nge-angle engadluli kwa-30 nge-no-1m.
Azikho izidingo zomlilo eziqinile eziqinile ezethulwa kuma-chimneys kunebhokisi lomlilo lezicucu. Ibanga elincanyana "ukuphuma" (okuvela odongeni olungaphakathi lweshubhu lentuthu) ezintweni zezakhiwo ezivela ezintweni ezivuthayo kufanele kube ngu-380mm. Ngaphakathi kokudlula kwamapayipi ngokusebenzisa okuphezulu, i- "roller" yenziwe - ukuqina kusuka ezitini, ezenziwa kwinqubo yepayipi le-maronsry. Imvume ephakathi kwe- "roller" izitini kanye nophahla ophahleni luhlukaniswe ngovolo lwamaminerali noma i-silica fiber.
UChimney kumele avikelwe (ngangokunokwenzeka) ngokufakwa okushisayo kusuka ekuchayweni kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Akufanele ifakwe ebusika ukuze i-condensate yakhiwa ezindongeni zangaphakathi. Esimweni esiphambene, izinkinga kungenzeka hhayi ngendawo yomlilo yendawo yomlilo, kodwa futhi ngobuqotho bepayipi uqobo. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa isimo, ipayipi lezindawo zomlilo livaliwe nge-valve ukuvimba ukuphuma komoya ofudumele kusuka egumbini.
Ukwenza lula ukuzalela nokugcinwa komlilo, kanye nokuhlanza izithelo, amakhulu eminyaka asetshenziswe ngezesekeli ezahlukahlukene, kanye nentshisekelo lapho abekwa khona ikakhulukazi muva nje. Izincwadi zifaka: i-kocherga ukuze yephule amalahle ibe izingcezu ezincane; amabhakede namabhokisi kaphethiloli; Izingcingo kanye nemfoloko ekhethekile yokuthola izinkuni; Ukuxubha isibambo eside; Scoop. Izikrini ezivikelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela phansi kokhuni kwekamelo kusuka kumalahle avuthayo. Futhi, izesekeli zomlilo zifaka imihlobiso ehlukahlukene kanye nama-baubles atholakala eshalofini elisendaweni yomlilo. Umhlobiso onobuntu kakhulu amawashi akhethekile omlilo omlilo.
Izinto zokwakha
Muva nje, okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-sandwich" asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zokwakha umlilo kanye nezinto zomlilo. I-sandwich iyi-design equkethe amapayipi amabili wensimbi atshaliwe komunye nomunye. Igebe eliphakathi kwazo ligcwele ukufakwa okushisayo komlilo. Amapayipi ngokwawo enziwe ngensimbi engenacala.
Imiklamo yesimanje ye- "sandwich" inezinzuzo ezithile ngokuqhathaniswa nezitini zazo. Kulula kakhulu, izindonga zabo zibushelelezi kakhulu. I-KEDnostoks kufanele ifake izindleko eziphakeme namandla amancane wokuzazisa. Okungukuthi, "ama-sandwich" adinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe, umthwalo wangaphandle awunconywa. Naphezu kwezinga eliphakeme lokushisa izihlangu, lezi chibi zidinga (ngokuya ngezansi) zezinyathelo ezifanayo zokuphepha ngomlilo njengamashubhu aphephile (380mm zisuswe ukushuba odongeni lodonga lwe-sandwich) futhi wahlukaniswa kusuka ku-Overlaps. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi "Khohlwa" Abathengisi, kepha abahloli bezemililo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu yendabuko yama-chimneys futhi agxile-isitini. Ukushiswa kuyizidingo eziqinile kakhulu. Okokubuyiselwa kwengxenye yempahla yomthwalo wesindayo, lapho amalahle etshe, enikeza ukushisa okunamandla, kusetshenziswa izitini ezibusayo ezivela ekushisweni nasekugayeleni ubumba. Iyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-1200s. Indawo yomlilo, okuyithokheni ngokhuni, ingahlanganiswa kusuka kwisitini esibomvu esijwayelekile (Yakhelwe amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-800c). Ecaleni lothando, izitini kufanele zibe yikhwalithi ephezulu, zishiswe kahle, ngaphandle kwephutha noma budedengu, ngophawu olungaphansi kunekhono layo lokuvumelanisa amakhilogremu aphezulu nge-kilogramu ngayinye; Kunemikhiqizo evela ku-M50 kuye ku-M300). Isitini esishiswe kahle sinombala obomvu obushelelezi, kulula ukuhlanganyela futhi unikeze i-Dazonia, ihlukana ibe yizicucu ezinkulu. Isitini esihloliwe, okuthiwa yiZheleznyak, sihlukaniswa mnyama, cishe sinsundu, ezindaweni ezisendaweni ephakeme. Ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokwethu thina futhi sibopha isisombululo. Izitini ezingabizi, ngokuhlukile, eziphambeneyo, ziwe, ziqubuke izingcezu ezincane, zithola amanzi kahle. Isitini somlilo kufanele sibe nesimo sokufana okungunxande obhekene nobuso obushelelezi kanye nezindawo ezibushelelezi, ngaphandle kokushaywa nangemifantu. Ubukhulu bezitini - 25012065mm, Chamotte Bricks - 25012365mm. Izimo ezihlukile zingahlukahlukahlukana ngamamilimitha ambalwa: ubude obude - 3mm, ububanzi nokuphakama, 2mm. Ukuze uhlele izintambo kanye nengxenye engezansi ye-chimney, kunconywa ukukhetha isitini ngokuphambuka okuncane kusuka kumasayizi ajwayelekile ukuthola umthungo ocashile futhi ofanayo. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezitini ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kungenzeka ukuthi usho u-Oboli, Ryazan, Borovichi kanye ne-SerpuKhovskky izitini izitini, kanye ne-lode (latvia), i-terca kanye ne-asriatis (estonia). Izindleko ezimaphakathi zezitini ezijwayelekile ze-chimney ezijwayelekile zingama-ruble angama-7-8. ucezu; Izitini ezingeniswayo ezingeniswayo mayelana nedola.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kwesitini esitholwe ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwezakhiwo kuvunyelwe, ngoba ama-masonry wezingxenye "ezingaphenduli" ze-fireplace (isisekelo, i-sidewall). Kepha kuphela uma nje okuqukethwe akonakalisiwe futhi kuhlanjululwe kwikhambi elidala. Izingxenye ezifanayo zingasakazwa ngaphandle kwesitini esingabizi noma esichithiwe. Kusetshenziswe ukusetshenziswa kwezitini okulindile, zibunjiwe bese kunconywa izitini zokucima umlilo.
Njengesixazululo se-binder, ingxube yobumba, isihlabathi namanzi kuyasetshenziswa. Ezakhiweni zayo zepulasitiki, izixazululo zihlukaniswe "ngesikhumba", ezijwayelekile namafutha. Ku- "Skinny" ngaphezu kwamaphesenti esihlabathi, naku- "Fatty", ngokuphambene nalokho, ubumba. "Izixazululo ezinesikhumba" azinalo ipulasitiki edingekayo, futhi kwakhiwa imifantu "kumafutha" ngesikhathi somiswa. Ngakho-ke, ngezindawo zokucima umlilo, izixazululo ezijwayelekile zingcono. Kungenzeka ukunquma ikhwalithi yekhambi, ukwenza amahhanisi noma umucu ngobukhulu be-1-2 cm nobude obungu-15-20 cm. Uma uvuna lapho uzama ukuyigoqa, kepha kuhlanzwa, Kusho ukuthi ikhambi lithi "isikhumba". I-harness kusuka esikhani "esinamafutha" seluliwe kahle futhi ayinikezi imifantu lapho ishintshana. I-harness kusuka kusisombululo esijwayelekile esinezinhlelo zokugoba imifantu emincane, futhi lapho weluliwe idelelwa ngu-15-20%.
Ukuze uthole isixazululo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amanzi, ubumba kanye nesihlabathi ngaphandle kokungcola, ikakhulukazi okuphilayo, okuzokwehla ngemuva kokuwa ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Isihlabathi singcono ukuthatha i-quartz emincane, ngamatshe anezinhlamvu ezinobubanzi obungabi ngaphezu kwe-1 mm (incane yizinhlayiyana, okunciphisiwe umthungo atholakala). Amanzi afiselekayo ukuthi asebenzise njengehlanzekile, hhayi eliqinile (elingaqukethe i-calcium kanye nosawoti we-magnesium). UClay usebenza ngendlela efanayo nokwenziwa kwezitini. Okwe-masonry, ubumba lweChamotte luyadingeka kuma-masonry avela ezitini zeChamotte. Ukwandisa amandla esixazululo, i-portland cement yengezwa ekubalweni kwe-1l Portland usimende ebhakedeni lesisombululo.
Ukubeka indawo yomlilo
Indawo yomlilo, njenge-oveni, - isakhiwo sanele ngokwanele, sivame ukudinga isisekelo esihlukile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubeka indawo yomlilo kudivayisi yezitezi nezinhlaka zophahla, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezindonga zezimali. Izisekelo zezindawo zokucima umlilo namapayipi okubhema zenziwe ngezitini zensimbi ezinamanzi, itshe le-boob noma ukhonkolo. Ukujula kokuvela kunqunywa ngokujula kwe-primer yenhlabathi. Phakathi kwezisekelo zesakhiwo nendawo yomlilo kudinga igebe ku-50-55mm agcwele inhlabathi. Kwenqatshelwe ukubopha lezi zisekelo, njengoba zinganikeza ukunqunyelwa okuhlukile, okugcwele imifantu kuma-masonry. Ubukhulu besisekelo kuhlelo kufanele lube lubanzi isisekelo sendawo yomlilo (amapayipi) ngo-10-15 cm. Ukuvikela ama-masonpring omhlaba kusuka kumswakama wenhlabathi ekusekelweni, okuvundwa kwamanzi okuvela kwisethenjwa se-coative ebiwe.Isidingo sokwakha isisekelo esihlukile sihlanganisa kakhulu ukufakwa kwendawo yomlilo egumbini elenziwe ngomumo. Kuyazuzisa kakhulu futhi kube lula ukukwenza ngasikhathi sinye nokwakhiwa kwendlu. Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokucima umlilo ezitezi ezingenhla kukhawulelwe amakhono enethiwekhi okudlula. Ukuze uthole impendulo enembile embuzweni, noma ngabe ukwakhiwa kwe-fireplace kungenzeka kuleli cala, ukubalwa kobunjiniyela besakhiwo sonke sokwakha kuyadingeka. Izindawo zokucima umlilo ezibucayi zidinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuqala ngochwepheshe wazo zonke izitini ama-decents, okukhombisa indawo ngqo yezitini zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinye izinto zokwakhiwa - umnyango, ama-comoers, ashniks, njll. Ngokusho kwemiyalo ehlanganisiwe, ungabala inani elidingekayo lezinto zokwakha. Njengomthetho, izitini ezingaba yinkulungwane zenzeka endaweni yomlilo yosayizi omncane.
Ama-Masonry of Fireplaces adinga ukufakwa kwezitini ngokucophelela kuzo zonke izinkomba. Ukwenza lula lo msebenzi, ifomu leselula lisetshenziselwa ama-racks mpo. Ngaphambi kokubeka izitini emugqeni olandelayo, zikhethwe ngosayizi futhi empeleni zihlole ukugqoka komthungo. Umthungo kufanele ube mncane futhi ugcwaliswe ngokuphelele ngesisombululo (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-suture "ukwephulwa"). Esikhaleni se-Intra-ephethwe kanye ne-intracherene, ama-convex we-seams awavunyelwe, okuseleyo kuyasuswa empeleni. Ezindaweni "ezingabonakali" lapho okuphuma khona kwamagesi kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa umthungo, kungenzeka kwenziwe "inlet" (hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 mm) - ukuze kuphindeke ku-10 mm. Ukuncipha nokujika kwe-chimney kanye nomkhawulo wegesi kuvaliwe, izitini zinamathelwa kwifomu eliyindilinga.
Zonke izinto zesakhiwo zensimbi (iminyango, ama-grids ama-grete) kumele zifakwe maqondana nokunwetshwa kwazo okushisayo (5-10mm szor). Ngokuphambene nalokho, insimbi izobhubhisa ama-masonry. Ngokuvamile, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezimbalwa zensimbi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kuyadingeka ukunqamula indawo yomlilo yendawo yomlilo, imishayo yensimbi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa lokhu. Inani lezitini e-arch kanye nemigqa e-arch kufanele libe yinqaba. Ama-Vaults aphezulu futhi aphansi, anomusa, emnene noma amathathu. Ukugqama kwamafutha kuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngengosi ekhethwe ngokukhethekile. Ngokubeka emuva kanye namadivayisi wokulungiswa "izingidi", izitini zidinga ukunikeza ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi noma linciphise ubukhulu bawo. Uchwepheshe we-harding wakudala uyakwazi ukwahlukanisa isitini kunoma iyiphi indlela ngosizo lwesando noma amabala; Ama-wizards anamuhla ale nqubo asetshenziswa kaningi ngo- "Bulgaria". I-Slap Brick inesiqeshana esibekiwe, ngakho-ke indlela yesibili ingcono. Kwenqatshelwe ukukhokha izitini nge-slot noma uhlangothi lomgogodla ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo noma ngesikebhe, ngoba amandla alobuso aphansi kunabanye, futhi ama-masonry azoshesha.
Amasiko epayipi
Idizayini yama-portures wesimanje emicibisholo imangalisa ukwahlukahlukana kwayo, ibonisa zonke izitayela nezinkomba zezakhiwo ezivela etsheni liye eminyakeni yesikhala. Vele, ezimweni eziningi, indawo yomlilo ihambisana nokwazi kwethu ne-England endala enhle yaseSherlock Holmes. Izisombululo zokuklama ezingalindeleki zalezi zingcweti ezibonwayo ze-fireplace avant-garde, njengoba i-Frenchman Dominic Imbic Impber noma iDutchman Hari Ubuhlungu ...
Ngokuqondene nesiko laseRussia, kubandakanya ukwakheka kwamathonela amathayili. Bayithayela elincanyana lesitini esishisiwe, elimbozwe ngaphambili kobuso. Izindatshana zezithando azibhekene, njengethayili, futhi zibekwe ngesikhathi sokwakha - indawo yomlilo eqediwe ngeke azihlobise. Amathayili afakwa kwikhambi futhi anamathiselwe kusetshenziswa izingxenye ze-wire kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi. Kukhishwe abakhiqizi bezitini ezihlanganisiwe abajwayelekile, amafektri achazwe ngenhla kanye nama-borovichsky amafekthri, kanye namafemu aseJalimane, ama-Baltic amazwe kanye neScandinavia. Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa, amathayili axazulula inkinga engokoqobo yokuqongelelwa kwamandla ashisayo wesithando somlilo. Ngakho-ke, ukubekwa kwezindawo zezingosi zendawo yomlilo kwenziwa njalo (uma kuza ezindaweni zokucima umlilo, hhayi mayelana nezinto zomlilo - izicishamlilo). Kulula kakhulu ngale nhloso ukusebenzisa izingosi ezenziwe ngomumo ezivela kubakhiqizi abakhethekile.
Oda i-portal eqinile eyenziwe ngesitayela esithile, abakhiqizi bamangazwa yiziphakamiso ezahlukahlukene. Ukuphela kobunzima ukunquma ngokunembile ubukhulu bomkhiqizo. Iningi labakhiqizi bezingobuli zomlilo bebala umlilo libangela ngohlobo lwamabhlokhi alungele ukusindiswa ngesinyathelo esichazwe ngokucacile (ngokuvamile 5-10 cm). Uma kunesidingo, inkampani izoba sengosi ye-oda yanoma imuphi usayizi, kepha izindleko zayo zizoba ngama-20-30% aphezulu. Ngokuvamile, intengo yezindawo zokucisha umlilo iyahlukahluka ngemikhawulo ebanzi kakhulu futhi incike ikakhulukazi kokuqukethwe okwenziwa yiyo. Ngakho-ke, izingosi zesitayela sezwe zingabiza amadola angamakhulu amaningana, futhi i-portal yenkampani yenkampani yaseSpain i-Arriaga kusuka ku-Onyx eyinkimbinkimbi isivele inama-dollar ayizinkulungwane eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abakhiqizi bethu, yonke imininingwane yezindawo zokucisha umlilo zenziwa ngokuya ngemidwebo yamafemu angaphandle, kepha kusuka ezintweni ezifuywayo futhi uhlanganise endaweni yokufaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhasimende lingakhetha imodeli ngokusho ikhathalogu futhi lifake isandla ekwakhiweni koshintsho. I-Vitoga Stylish into enhle eshibhile. Ake sithi indawo enhle yomlilo evela enkombeni yaseFrance Deville, i- "Cloned" inkampani "soun World" izobiza umthengi ngo- $ 2000-3000, kuya ngokoqobo (igobolondo, yemabula, njll.).
Ukuqhubeka nengxoxo mayelana nezingosi zendawo yomlilo, siyaphawula ukuthi ama-classicism, amprir nezwe (noma "rustic") abiwa phakathi kwezitayela zendabuko ezifunwayo futhi eziqondayo. Izicishamlilo zokuqala zodwa zazingaphandle kwetshe elingalashwa. Ukulula, ukungathandeki, amandla anamandla "inkathi ye-barbarism" yenza isitayela sika- "rustic" sithandwa kakhulu futhi manje. Izingosi ze-Fire Fire kulo moya zikhiqizwa yiRene Brisach naseYurophu Chemenes (France), i-Arriaga (Spain), iPiazzetta (Italy). Izingosi zihlotshiswe ngemabula ethosiwe, indle, i-tuff, i-sandstone. Le mikhiqizo ilula ekukhiqizweni, ngakho-ke ishibhile. Kepha cabanga ngalokhu: kunetshe lithambile, ngokushesha kungcoliswa yi-soot futhi kunzima kakhulu kuzosusa i-sage kanye nokungcola kuyo. Emikhiqizweni yakudala, amafomu alula nenhle anamandla, ahlanganiswa ngokuvumelanayo. I-Wangli Fireplaces Flat P-Shape Portal ivame ukwenziwa kusuka kuzinkuni ezahlukahlukene, izithunzi ezimbalwa kakhulu ezimnyama. Ingosi ingahlotshiswa nge-cafenel ehlobisa. Isimfanelo esisemqoka se-English Camp-Fire Regiment, okufanele sibe khona endaweni ephakeme kangangokuba kufanelekile ukuthi ifunde. Isithando somlilo ezindaweni zomlilo zesiNgisi sivulekile futhi singasho lutho, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-chimo wesigaba esincane sesiphambano. Amakhampasi we-kclassic afaka iningi lemikhiqizo yeStovax (United Kingdom).
Isitayela se-Ampire saqala ngesikhathi seNapoleon Bonaparte. Izicishamlilo ze-Fireplashe zenziwa ngemabula futhi zihlukaniswe yi-pomp ethile. Izigaxa zezingcweliselo ezinganekwaneni zakudala. I-Caryatids, amakholomu, ama-sphinxes, ama-griffins abusa ekukhulumeni kwe-xixvek. Kukhiqizwa izicishamlilo ezinjalo namuhla nge-Arriaga (Spain), iPiazzetta (Italy).
Izitayela zesimanje zomlilo ziyehluka kakhulu. Nakhu kwanamuhla, futhi i-AR Defe, kanye ne-High Tech. Impi ye-avant-garders edume kakhulu "ye-Fireplace Avants" ingafakwa ku-boley (Holland), Bordelosilet, Arkiane, gxila (France). Abaqambi banamuhla bahlola ngesibindi ukwakheka nokubonakalayo kwesithando, bezakhela ezinye izinhlaka ezibaluleke kakhulu. Akakasekho okupholile futhi okuthuthumela "okuthuthumela" amagilavu asekhaya akhona kodwa ophilayo ...
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani ethi "Izwi lobuciko", "Kaminspetstroy", "Klelinspetstroy", "Mirsopekt", "Agroproekt", "Agroproext" ukuze alungiseleleke izinto ezibonakalayo.