Clock njengomhlobiso wangaphakathi. Imikhiqizo YaseYurophu, Abalindi BaseRussia neyase-Asia: Amaqoqo, Izici Zezindlela, Amanani, Amathiphu Wokusebenza.
I-Murano Icestool Glas - I-Materproof Ebonakalayo
I-Tsatam ne-Heat an Israment, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, nenhle kakhulu
Iwashi le-wall elenziwe ngokhuni lwemvelo ngesimo sokuma phezu kolwandle lwelanga - isengezo esihle sefulethi noma indlu yezwe
Uma amahora ajabulisayo engaboni, khona-ke kufanele uvume ukuthi ubuntu buye bajabule kakhulu isikhathi eside. Iziphi izindlela ezingazange zizame ukuzihlanganisa nazo zikhona nokunyakaza kwaphakade kwemizimba yasezulwini! Amadivayisi we-Ikaki kuphela walokhu azange asungule! Manje, kusuka ephikweni elingaqondakali, iwashi laphenduka isihloko esibalulekile. AKUFANELE angabi yinto esetshenziswayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nomhlobiso wendlu.
Isikhathi esedlule
Umqondo womuntu wasungula amathuluzi wesikhathi esiningi sokulinganisa isikhathi. Isibonelo, i-lunar, amanzi, ikhandlela, amawashi anesihlabathi namafutha asetshenziswa kuze kufike ku-xviiiv. Ngenxa yokubalwa kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuncika kwezimo zangaphandle, lawa madivayisi awatholanga izinhlelo zokusebenza zendawo yonke. Manje le mibukiso yezindawo zakudala zesayensi ikakhulukazi eminyuziyamu.Iwashi lekamelo lavela ku-XV. Futhi okokuqala babeyinto ebabazekayo. Basebenze ngemithwalo, isikhathi sesifundo sasingamahora ayi-12. Lapho-ke imithwalo bekufanele idonsele phezulu, futhi iwashi lalingazivumeli ukunyakaza. Cishe i-1500g. Ukuletha amahora, sanquma ukusebenzisa intwasahlobo egijimayo. B1658 AmaKhristu ama-Huphegence aphakamisa ukusebenzisa i-pendulum ewashi elingaphandle. Kwamiswa imicu noma intambo yensimbi futhi exhunywe ngokuhamba kwendlela yewashi nge-plug futhi kulawulwa ukunyakaza kwemicibisholo. Lokhu okusha, kanye nokwakhiwa ngo-1675. I-Hellens Balance Likan Helix efanayo ephaketheni amawashi, kushintshe ngokunemba kokugcina isikhathi. Uma ekuqaleni kwawo mahora agasele ngemuva kwezinkomba zangempela noma ngaphambi kwazo ngengxenye yehora ngehora ngosuku, manje ukunemba kwenkambo kukhuphuke kwabamizuzu emithathu. Kuvele imicibisholo yamanje, futhi iwashi laba lula ukuba uqale njalo ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili. Umlawuli we-stroke wenzelwe amadivaysi ane-pendulum cishe nge-1670, kanye ne-pendulum, ephawula imizuzwana, andise ngokwengeziwe ukunemba kwezifundo: i-backlog noma kusengaphambili okubangelwa imizuzwana embalwa ngesonto.
Ngo-1660-1720. E-England, izinhlobo eziphambili zamahora zadalwa futhi zanda kwathuthukiswa: ikhonsoli (i-pendulum, ene-chassis yasentwasahlobo), eqanjwe ngegama ngenxa yewashi elodongeni; Ongaphandle (ngomthwalo kanye ne-pendulum exhunywe kwimishini yesikebhe esendaweni engenhla kwecala). B1704G. ENgilandi, ilungelo lobunikazi lanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi ekusebenziseni amatshe ayigugu ekwenziweni kwamabhere okusekelwa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye nokunciphisa ukugqokwa kwezingxenye.
Impi yehora nayo inendaba eyaqala ku-XIV. Okokuqala, kwasetshenziswa insimbi encane, yaqala kanye lapho i-lever ekhethekile yathepha. I-Clock ebekiwe le nsimbi yathathelwa indawo yinsimbi enkulu. B1676 IBarlov yakhelwe iwashi lokuqala nesikhathi sokubala isikhathi. "Banokwezwiswa" hhayi ngehora ngalinye kuphela, kodwa futhi nekota futhi bakwazi ukuveza kabusha impi kungakhathalekile ukuthi unhlangothi. Vele nge-xviv. Iwashi lalinezinsimbi eziningana nama-levers ambalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, esikhundleni sezinsimbi kumadivayisi angaphakathi, ama-goubular afakwe (ama-wands ayize anobude obuhlukile nge-hammers), enze ihubo nempi. Manje irekhodi le-melody, ama-gondar ama-gondar aze, lifana nempi yamahora amadala, kanye nenduku eyodwa ama-gods, ikhipha ukukhala okumnene, okufana nezinsimbi. Lezi zingoma ezintathu ezaziwa kakhulu eza ewashi lezangaphakathi ngemibhoshongo yezindela namasonto, nokuthi amagama athi: Westmichael, SMICHAEL, WHIWISTON. Ngokwanele, bonke bavela eNgilandi.
Iwashi elinembe kunazo zonke liseParis, eSikhuthweni Sesikhathi, futhi sisehlotshisiwe isikhathi - kubo "imicibisholo" emhlabeni wonke. Le yidivaysi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, yangaphandle efana newashi elijwayelekile. Umqondo we-Calculator yesikhala nesikhathi bekusemthethweni ngokusemthethweni isisekelo ngokusebenzisa imvamisa nama-oscillations. I-Punchtar yesikhathi isetshenziswa generator ye-quantum. Imiphumela ehlukile etholwe ngamazinga we-athomu wesikhathi, ngephutha le-1XAnd kuphela iminyaka eyinkulungwane, iholele ekutheni engqungqutheleni yesikhathi se-XIII ngezinyathelo kanye nesisindo esibanjelwe eParis ngo-Okthoba 1967, incazelo entsha yesikhathi kwanikezwa iyunithi yesibili ye-Tatomic.. Manje ichazwa njenge-9 192 631,770 oscillations yemisebe ye-cesium athomu-133. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa iwashi eliphakeme kakhulu ngezinhloso zelebhu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ye-physics, izinkanyezi kanye nezinkanyezi.
-Okukhona manje
Maphakathi ne-xx. Kwasungulwa amawashi akhethekile, abizwa kanjalo ngenxa yamakristalu emvelo (auto-upesre of trartz) i-quartz esetshenziselwa ukulawula unhlangothi. Amakristalu ambalwa ama-microscopic axhumeke ebhethri, okuyinto ama-pulses alo kagesi adala ukuguquguquka kwama-frequency of the crystal, okuthi, nawo, axhumeke ekuvumelaniseni imvamisa evumelanayo kanye nokulawulwa kwe-oscillator, kanye namasondo okuhambisa imicibisholo. Ukubuka ukungahambi kahle kwethuba kubangelwa ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwangaphakathi kwe-quartz kanye nokungazinzi kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi. Mane nje ubeke, uma ibhethri liwe, iwashi lizoqala ukulala ngemuva, futhi uma i-quartz crystal eneminyaka yobudala, izobaleka "." Kuliqiniso, izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi ukuguga kwekristalu, kuhambisana nokwanda kwemvamisa ye-oscillations, kungenayo izinguquko ezinkulu nezibukhali.
Kulezi zinsuku, umsebenzi wokuthuthuka kokunemba kwewashi awuyeki. Kuliqiniso, kusebenza ngenkuthalo emkhakheni wamawashi, kubuchwepheshe bangaphakathi bashintsha kancane. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngokunemba okugcina ngokunemba kwe-stroke kwandise izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-100,000, futhi lokhu akuwona umkhawulo. Olunye lokwenziwa kokugcina okwenziwe eJapan kuthinta i-stroke Regulator. Ukulawulwa kwesifo sohlangothi kuyingxenye yewashi noma ama-chronometers, okubeka lo mushini ngejubane elithile futhi akuvumeli iwashi ukuba "libaleke". Abalawuli (amafemu ahlukene kakhulu) anamathela amasondo amafushane nangesikhathi sesikhathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela aqale ukusebenza noma ngendlela ekhethekile ukuvimbela indlela yehora. Ukusebenza koMlawuli Wokugijima kungabonakala emahoreni ngokuya ngesimo senkambiso, etholakala kuwo womabili amadivayisi we-mechaical and quartz. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, amaJapan asungula uMlawuli okhethekile lapho isondo linamazinyo amaningi aphindwe kaningi kunaleso. Umphumela "I-Jumps" yamadivayisi ayeka ukuba yimikhakha ebonakalayo futhi engeyona eyejwayelekile yanyamalala. Kuliqiniso, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa lawala malawuli ngenkathi kuphela ku-quartz iwashi.
Ukuzikhethela kwesikhathi
Lapho ukhetha iwashi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqondiswe hhayi ngentengo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezici zenqubo. Umthetho lapha ulula: Inkampani edume kakhulu yinkampani, ingcono indlela. UVernimchi ovela ku-wristwatches, lapho umqhudelwano ungowaseSwitzerland, kumadivayisi angaphakathi ahola izindlela ezivela eJalimane. Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amahora hhayi emazweni abo kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Isici esibalulekile lapho ukhetha iwashi kuwukuphela kokwakheka kwecala. Imakethe inikezela ngamaqoqo ezinkomba ezimbili - Classical and zanamuhla. Idizayini yakudala ivame ukuphindaphinda amasampula adumile esikhathi esedlule, noma isitayela ahlukahlukene. Izinto zokwakha zisetshenziswa zakudala: izinkuni, zethusi, i-porcelain. I-Classical mechanics imvamisa isetshenziswa kakhulu, yize izindlela ze-quartz zitholakala. Idizayini yanamuhla incike ekunambithekeni kwabaculi benkampani. Amahora we-plush ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinto zesimanje: ipulasitiki, insimbi, i-MDF. Indlela isebenza kakhulu-quartz. Isikhathi sokwenza iwashi lesimanjemanje lishiya okungaphansi kakhulu kune-classic, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngokwayo kusebenza kanzima, ngakho-ke amahora anamuhla ashibhile kune-classic. Lapha kubalulekile ukuqhubeka kusuka ezifisweni zakho, ukheshi, kahle, kusukela kumklamo ophelele wefulethi noma ekhaya.Isikhathi se-East
Izitolo eziningi ezithengisa amahora angabizi kakhulu zinikeza amaShayina, amaJapan kanye nemikhiqizo yaseKorea. Lawa mawashi alula, anamuhla, abizi, izinto zokwakha kuzo zisetshenziswa zanamuhla kakhulu futhi, singasho izinto zokufakelwa kakhulu. Amamodeli weKTakim athuthukisa uthando oluningi lwabathengi kuqala kubo bonke ngenxa yamanani. Kepha, lapho sesifunde yonke imikhiqizo eyethulwe emakethe yethu, singabiza kakhulu ngokungasebenzi, ngoba amafemu amaningi asentshonalanga enza amawashi abe ngcono kakhulu futhi angcono, kepha akubizi kakhulu.
Ummeleli wethu wokuqala we-East yi-gastar (Japan) "ukudla" iningi lamahora angelona iqiniso emhlabeni wonke. Kepha uma izindlu zingahlanganiswa, indlela eyenziwe yinkampani ayikaphindwanga. Izivakashi zisebenzisa indlela ekhethekile yokuthula ye-quartz. Isondo ngalinye linokushaywa kwamazinyo ama-2566, ngakho-ke ukulawulwa kwezinhlangothi kuhamba kusuka emazinyweni kuya emazinyweni buthule. Ukuze uthole i-pendulum, kwasungulwa uhlelo olukhethekile lwama-magnets oluvumile olukuvumela ukuthi luhambisane nezindleko eziphansi zamabhethri.
Amaqoqo we-Clock Clock ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kukhona amamodeli odonga afana ne- "Plate", eyenziwe kaningi kusuka kwensimbi futhi ebonakala ngokunemba nokuqina kwesimo (indawo yokuhlala kusuka kwimikhiqizo efanayo yamanye amafemu). Amamodeli aphezulu ngaphezu kwewashi lifaka i-hygrometer (imitha yomswakama) kanye ne-thermometer, namasampula ngamanye anefasitela lokubonisa izinsuku. I-Ufirma ineqoqo elikhethekile lamawashi odonga ama-oval noma ukwakheka kwesikwele nge-magnetic pendulum, la mamodeli anezingoma zokulwa okuvela wukulwa komshini osetshenziswayo ngomculo. Izingoma zenziwa njalo ngehora, futhi ebusuku zicima ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwewashi le-Wall, iqoqo elibanzi eliphakeme (kuze kube ngu-1m ukuphakama) liyanikezwa, kusuka ethusineni noma kusuka kupulasitiki eliphakeme, ngokuya ngekhwalithi yetshe elifanayo. Lawa madivaysi ane-pendulum enamathiselwe ekushayweni nasekujikisweni naYo, okwenza iqoqo le-gastar libonakale kakhulu. I-Wall Clock Gastar UmswakamaProof futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, ebavumela ukuthi isetshenziswe hhayi efulethini kuphela, kodwa futhi emahhovisi nasezichibini. Izinhlobo zedeskithophu, kunalokho, zidinga ubudlelwano obucophelela futhi obucophelela. Izipho zedeskithophu zinezindlu ezinkulu zengilazi ngokuqopha, zingasetshenziswa njenge-alamu. I-Wall Clock Gastar ibiza kusuka ku- $ 20 kuya ku- $ 20 kuya ku- $ 40, kanye ne-desktops yethusi nge-pendulum - kusuka ku- $ 300.
EClolops, kanye noGastar, uzohlangana ne-Acetime (China). Lo mkhiqizo ubheka kakhulu iwashi elilula kakhulu iwashi- "amapuleti" - amancane ububanzi (20-25 cm), isicaba. Ifomu alindilinga ngempela, i-octagonal ngisho nesikwele kungenzeka. Izindlu zenziwa ngopulasitiki, izindawo zezinhlanganisela zangaphandle zezingxenye zimbozwe ngama-gaskets akhethekile, angavumeli umswakama ukungena ngaphakathi kwendlela. Kusetshenziswa indlela ye-quartz, ebenza basebenze (badinga ukushintshwa kwamabhethri ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela kwamabhethri, okumele kwenziwe minyaka yonke nesigamu). Ukunemba kwenkambo kunomthelela endaweni ekhethwe kahle odongeni, mhlawumbe kungekho ngaphansi kwelanga elilungile hhayi umanzi. Ukuvumelanisa Ukuhambisana kwalezi zimo inkanyelo yewashi kuzonemba, i-backlog ngeke yedlule imizuzu eyi-1, okujwayelekile ngezindlela ze-quartz.
E-Direl Acetime isebenzisa izinombolo zama-Arabhu kuphela, okwenza iwashi libe lula ekuboneni. Imicibisholo ivaliwe nge-Special, ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kepha futhi ibonakala kakhulu, ngokubona ngokucishe kube yi-Glass Plastical. Umbala we-gamut kanye nezinketho zokuklama zihlukahlukene kakhulu kangangokuba akukho lutho oluchazayo lapha. Kunamawashi i-monochromatic, enephethini lemabula, izinkuni, termine kanye strip, ngenhlanganisela yensimbi yegolide nesiliva, nemidwebo esobala. Kepha inqwaba yezinsimbi zihlanganisa imibala emhlophe nemnyama. Lolu hlobo luthandwa kakhulu maqondana namanani alo: kumawashi alula - "amapuleti" - kusuka ku- $ 10, kuya ku- $ 10, kuya ku- $ 30.
Abathandi bamahora angabizi kakhulu e-classic design nge-quartz mechanism bangalulekwa yinkampani yeSINO-KOREN Sinix.
Isikhathi saseNtshonalanga
Simelelwa emazweni amabili kuphela, iJalimane ne-Italy, yize ngesikhashana nje bathembisa ukuvela kwemikhiqizo yaseBelgian.I-Elegant Flat Wall kanye namahora wedeskithophu avela e-Italy anikeza iDayantininomeniconi (DD) eqoqweni laseMeridiana. E-VMOSKwe, leli ndondo seliveziwe iminyaka emi-3, kepha inkampani ngokwayo isivele ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Sonke lesi sikhathi, ubheka amawashi alula ezindlu ezilula. Isingeniso esivela kweminye imikhiqizo yase-Italy, leli ndondo likhona "nalo lonke", okungukuthi, akukho sigodlo se-pomp kanye nobuntu obuzayo, kepha kukhona ubuhle nobuhle. Iqoqo laseMeridiana lifaka ngaphezu kwama-300mowers ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala yephalette. Izinto eziyisisekelo, ezingabizi kakhulu, kepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme zepulasitiki, i-array and veneer ngokhuni, i-MDF, ingilazi, ceramics, i-Metal. Kuwo wonke amahora, kuphela izindlela ze-quartz zenkampani yaseJalimane iHermle ezisetshenzisiwe, eziqinisekisa inkambo enobunzima nekhwalithi. Ubukhulu bamamodeli odongeni busuka ku-25cm yendabuko kuya ku-1m. Iwashi likachungechunge lwe-Artepovera kuma-hulls kusuka ku-ventilation oluvela futhi lwenziwe ngobuciko ngokhuni, kanye nochungechunge lweVetro engilazini kanye nama-ceramics kanye nemibala kudumile kakhulu. Le mikhiqizo inenhle futhi ifudumele kakhulu kunozakwabo baseMpumalanga, nansi isandla esibonakalayo soMklami kanye nomthuthukisi womculi. Amanani Amahora anentando yeningi kakhulu: kusuka ku- $ 10 kuya ku- $ 60- futhi ancike kakhulu ngosayizi womkhiqizo.
Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele iwashi nge-cuckoo. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lelo hlobo lenziwe eSouth Germany, ehlathini elimnyama, cishe ngo-1730g. Ngemuva kwalokho, iwashi eline-Cuckoo laqala ukwenziwa eSwitzerland. Ekuqaleni bamelela okuthile okufana nokudoba abantu ngokuhlanganiswa nomsebenzi oqondile we-watchmaker. Isidumbu senziwa ngesandla esivela esihlahleni, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sendlu noma yenqaba, lapho kungenzeka khona lesi sigameko kwakuyizimo ezivela ekuphileni kwezingcweti zezingcweti, nezigcawu zothando nohlobo lwe-knights, kanye nohlobo lwe-knights kanye Amantombazane amahle, kanye nezithombe ezingokomfanekiso zokuphila nokufa, ubusha kanye nokuguga. Ngokuvamile, iziza zingakhombisa ngandlela thile ukugeleza kwempilo. Ukukhiqizwa kwamahora anjalo kukhuphuke ngemuva kwe-1840, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthekelisa eMelika, lapho bekujabulele khona ukuthandwa okukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indlela yaba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ngaphezu kwe-Cuckoo ye-jumping, kwasungulwa, yaqhutshwa ngesisindo noma ukuswayipha kwe-pendulum.
Iwashi langempela nge-Cuckoo alinalutho oluzokwenza imodeli empunga yeSoviet, iyingqayizivele futhi akhiqizwa kuze kube namuhla, ucezu. Iwashi lanamuhla lifakwe i-automatic ne-Manual Cuckoo switchch, kanti amawashi aholwa ngokuyeka ukupheka ebumnyameni. I-UNAS yaziwa amafemu amabili amele ama- "Cuckoo" emakethe - I-Altobel Antonio evela e-Italy (iwashi elinemishini, eyenziwe ngezandla, ngokhuni, i-thwea) ne-sonix Mechanism nge-LED, MDF). Kepha kungcono ukuletha lewashi elivela eJalimane naseSwitzerland.
Ummeleli odume kakhulu futhi omkhulu weMikhiqizo Yewashi - Inkampani yaseJalimane iHermle. Uyakhazimula ngezindlela zabo ezivele zikhiqiza iminyaka engama-80. Le nkampani yenza izindlela ze-Quartz ikakhulukazi zamawashi ezakhiwe zanamuhla kanye nodonga olubekwe, kanye nemishini yamamodeli waphansi kanye namahora okuqamba ama-classic. Amacala akhiwa ngabaklami benkampani futhi bakhiqizwa efektri emaphathini amakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukubiza ukubukeka okuthile kwamahora aqondile kulo mkhiqizo, kukhiqiza yonke into: udonga, odongeni, amamodeli wedeskithophu ngisho nezindawo ezihlangaziwe kanye namasampula ahlazisayo. Futhi, amawashi abizwa nge- "Skeletal" amawashi enziwe kulokhu, indlela yayo ephucwa ngokuphelele emzimbeni, noma ifakwe obala. Amaqoqo avuselelwa njalo ngonyaka, kepha enzelwa ukukhiqizwa kungayalwa kungakapheli iminyaka embalwa ngemuva kokunqanyulwa kokukhishwa. Umuthi wemvelo usetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwezindawo ezifakiwe: Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, uhlu lwamalungu amancane agobile - i-veneer. Futhi, i-veneer isetshenziswa kumamodeli ashibhile wokwakhiwa kwanamuhla.
Imodeli ngayinye yenziwa ngezinguqulo ezine ezivela esihlahleni semibala ehlukene. Ithandwa kakhulu - oki, nati, i-cherry, i-mahogany. Inkinga kuphela lapho ukhetha umbala ukuthi ngenxa yokucubungula okukhethekile, izinto ezibonakalayo ziguqula umbala wazo futhi azihlali zihlangana ngombala ojwayelekile wefenisha kusuka kuhlobo olufanayo lwefenisha. Kuwo wonke amahora we-classical design, kusetshenziswa indlela yomculo, equkethe i-tubular noma induku. Izingoma ezijwayelekile zidlalwa: Westminster, St. Smichael, Shipkington, kanye nempi ephoqelekile. Ama-Battlelments wempi ahlukile emizuzwini eyi-15 ngaphambi kwesigamu sehora, kepha uma efisa, impi ingakhubazeka ngesandla. Kukhona nomsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi wempi ekhubaza ezenzakalelayo ubusuku bonke. Isitshalo samawashi emishini ngaphandle kwempi sanele izinsuku eziyi-14, lo msebenzi ungokwezinsuku eziyi-8.
Lesi sitshalo sinezinhlobo ezintathu zikaHermle: 1) Isitshalo sentwasahlobo edongeni lesishinini ngaphandle kwesisindo futhi edeskithinip nge-mechanics, lapho intwasahlobo iqhubeka nokusonta futhi; 2) Ukhiye wefektri wekhebula ngomgodi wokudayela, ngaphandle kokuxhumana namaketanga nesisindo; 3) Ifektri yamaketanga "ngendlela yakudala" - ukudonsa izinsimbi ngesandla. I-Avota Ukunemba kwewashi lemishini kuncike ekufakweni okulungile nokucushwa. Le misebenzi izosebenzisa inkosi ekhethekile enedivayisi ekuvumela ukuthi uguqule iwashi lapho uthenga futhi ufaka endaweni ehlala njalo. Okulandelayo, ukunemba kwendlela kuqinisekisiwe. Vele, ungakwazi futhi ngokuzimela ukufeza lezi zilungiselelo amahora amaningi anikezwa imiyalo eningiliziwe, kepha kulula futhi kusheshe ukubiza i-Master, ikakhulukazi njengoba izinsizakalo zayo zivame ukufakwa ngezindleko zamahora. I-Master efanayo izohlola wonke ama-verticals ukuze kungabikho ukuhlanekezela noma kuphi, ngoba noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kwe-angle kuzobonakala ngokunemba kwesifundo.
Amahora amakhulu angaphandle awakwazi ukuhanjiswa - ngemuva kwalokho kuzodingeka uphinde ufake futhi uwamise. Izindonga ze-Avot azithathi hlangothi kangako ekuguquguquni ngaphandle, ngakho-ke kungahunyushelwa kwenye indawo. Uma usadinga ukuhambisa iwashi, udinga ukwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukukhulisa izinsimbi kanye ne-pendulum ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uzame ukungqongqoza ihange. Uma ushiya isikhathi eside eholidini, ungamisa nje iwashi, futhi ngemuva kokubuyela ukuze uqale futhi usethe isikhathi esifunekayo, ukunemba kwesifundo kuleli cala kuzosindiswa. Onke amahora anikezwa iwaranti yeminyaka emihlanu, kepha umshado wenzeka kakhulu, zonke izinkinga zincike ekusetshenzisweni kwewashi nohlobo lomnikazi wazo. Umkhiqizo ugxile kumthengi ophakathi nendawo onokunambitheka okuhle nekhwalithi ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, amanani entengo yamahora angaphandle asuka ku- $ 1500 kuya ku- $ 5,000, efakwe odongeni - kusuka ku- $ 50 kuya ku- $ 1000.
Inkampani yase-Italy Gallo ishayisa umhlobiso wemikhiqizo yayo. Ukuhlala kukaHermle kusebenza ngokuvota kwezindlela zewashi zokukhiqizwa kwamaJalimane naseBelgian. Ibandakanyeka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamawashi, kusuka kuma-Consoles kuya ngaphandle, Design - Unhlolovo kuBaroque neRococo. Abaqambi bomkhiqizo bathuthukisa amamodeli ngokuya ngemidwebo yamahora wesigodlo samakhulu eminyaka ye-XVII-XVIII. Kusetshenziswa izinto ezahlukahlukene: izinkuni, i-porcelain, insimbi, itshe. Amasu ayinkimbinkimbi we-mosaic lokhuni - I-Itaria ne-Marketer (yecala lokuqala, imibala ehlukahlukene, imibala, ukuthungwa nokuzala, izingcezu zokhuni zinqunywa esisekelweni, zidilizwa kukho). Kunentuthuko ephelele yokuklama- ngokwesibonelo, amahora kanye netafula kubo ngesitayela esisodwa kanye nomhlobiso wombala; I-Clock yangaphandle kanye ne-Wall-ifakwe nge-pendulum kanye nesisindo emklamweni oqinile. Amamodeli we-Gallo enziwe ngokhuni, futhi, ngokungafani noHermle, umenzi ugcizelela umbala wemvelo nephethini yokhuni, ngakho-ke ungathatha amahora afanayo kwifenisha yakho. Amanani amawashi aguquguqukayo ebangeni elifanayo ne-hermle brand: ngaphandle- $ 1500-5000, ideskithophu kanye nezindonga- $ 70-1000.
I-Farbel (Italy) idume ngedeskithophu yayo ebabazekayo kanye namahora omlilo ngesitayela se-baroque kanye ne-classic. Zenziwa ngokwethusi zisebenzisa iSpivang esebenzisa isiliva, ama-giling ayi-24-carat, amatshe emvelo, afaka kusuka kubuso ne-koqweqwe lwawo. Cishe wonke amahora ongawathatha ama-headset-amakhandlela noma ama-vases ngesitayela esifanayo. Njengamafemu amaningi, uFarbel akasebenzisi izindlela zawo, namaJalimane avela ebukhosini. Yonke i-Fatbel Buka Mechanical, ngempi yemishini ekhawulelwe noma i-chime yezinsimbi noma iculo elifushane. Amaqoqo afaka amakhophi amasampula adumile avela kuLouvre, izinqaba eziLoire, i-Versailles, iVenetian Palazzo. Umhlangano wenziwa efektri, amaqembu mancane, kepha amanani awo aphezulu ngenxa yokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ezibizayo namasu. Izindleko zamahora - kusuka ku- $ 200 kuya ku- $ 2000, amakhandlela kanye nama-vases athengiswa ngokwahlukile.
Enye inkampani yase-Italy, u-Altobel Antonio, kanye ne-Farbel, yenza amawashi ngesitayela samakhulu e-XVII-XIX., Kepha lezi aziwona amakhophi wobuciko, kepha yibona kuphela mbumbulu. Ngokuvamile, abalindi be-Italiya base-Italiya bahlukaniswa uthando olukhulu kubo bonke abalulekile nabahlotshiswe ngokucebile. Iwashi Altebel Antonio lidonga olukhulu futhi lingaphandle, linomhlobiso olibandayo ophanayo, umakekethi, ithusi kanye nemininingwane yethusi, umdwebo we-lacquer. Abanye banobuhlakani kangangokuba ekuqaleni bangabonakala ama-antie avela kwangempela. Ama-hulls enziwe ngohlangothi lwezinkuni ngokuhlanganiswa ne-veneer ebomvu engavamile i-rock-red, pink, izinkuni ezimnyama ze-karisian birch. Izindlela zenkampani yaseJalimane iKieniger-Sbem kanye neWestminster Melody ziyasetshenziswa. Iwashi lifakwe imisebenzi yokuxhumeka okwenziwa ngesandla yempi kanye nokuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo kuze kube amahora wobusuku. Lesi sitshalo sanele izinsuku eziyi-14 uma iwashi lingenawo umculo, naku-8- uma ngengoma.
Le mikhiqizo inesifundo esifanelekile, ngokwemvelo, inqobo nje uma ukufakwa nokucushwa kufakwe kahle. Ukuphela kokuqhekeka, okuthiwa yi-pendulum kuguqula, kuphela ngenxa yephutha lomsebenzisi ongathandeki, ohamba kakhulu futhi aqediwe, kepha lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kulungiswa ngokushesha. Amakhosi enkampani angelaka njalo eminyakeni engu-5-10 ukugcoba iwashi ngesithako esikhethekile sokwenziwa. Le nsizakalo inganikezwa ngabasebenzi abathengisi noma umhlangano wamaranti. Amanani amawashi aqala kusuka ku- $ 600 kuya ku- $ 5000, kuya ngosayizi nobunzima bokuhlobisa, kanye nasesihlahleni sesihlahla esisetshenzisiwe.
Abalandeli besikhathi samahora angaphakathi esimnandi bangalulekwa ukuthi baxhumane nemikhiqizo K.mozer (Germany) neMassoni (Italy).
Iwashi lalihlala lihle, kepha noma kunjalo isipho esiqinile esingethulwa ngendoda nowesifazane. Ngale njongo, kungcono ukusebenzisa amaqoqo akhethekile amafemu angenayo ngokukhethekile iwashi. I-Mass of Designer Izinkampani kanye nabaklami bemfashini banikeza amasampula wezipho amahle kumaqoqo ekhaya. Bukela imikhiqizo sebenzisa kuphela izindlela ezaziwayo zemishini. Futhi kaningi, izindlela zehora zenziwa uku-oda eSwitzerland naseJalimane. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ama-Waterford Collections (e-United Kingdom), i-Villeroyboch (Germany), i-Alessi (Italy), iLalique (iFrance), i-Webino Marzi (Italy), I-SEBINO (Italy) kanye nabanye. Emikhiqizweni Izinkampani ezinjalo zizoba yimishini yokumaka (ngemuva kwamahora) nama-rims (ohlangothini lwangaphambili). Futhi isipho esihle futhi esingajwayelekile kakhulu singaphenduka kube yiwashi lamafomu okungewona ajwayelekile (ngokwesibonelo, asendulo, njengama-Astrolabies) nokuqukethwe okujwayelekile. Uzothola indlela enhle kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphezu kwesikhathi esibonisa, ngokwesibonelo, ukunyakaza kwezikhanyiso zezulu, ukudlula kwenyanga, ilanga kanye nomhlaba ngezibonakaliso eziyi-12 zodiac, i-lumens kanye nekhalenda lenyanga, njll.
Isikhathi saseRussia
Iwashi labakhiqizi baseRussia abafani ngekhwalithi ethile, futhi ukwakheka kanye nomhlangano wezinqubo nakho kuyathinteka. Yize muva nje kunezinkampani eziningi ezihle noma ezingaphansi ezenza amawashi asezingeni eliphakeme esakhiweni sokuqala. Yebo, futhi izindleko zalo mkhiqizo ziphansi kunalezo zemikhiqizo yozakwethu zangaphandle. Amahora anjalo athandwa kakhulu ngabezinye izizwe ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-Khokhloma kanye noPane Painting, GZHEL, DECIFTH, VARNish, Enamels, Izinkinobho. Kepha lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo yaseRussia kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi izinga le-ASSHA LAMAHHALA lingaphambanisa kakhulu, ngoba amakhophi ayi-5 kwabangu-10 anomshado wezimboni. Ngakho-ke hlola iwashi ngokunemba kwentuthuko, isitshalo, impi nakho konke okunye kuyaqikelela. Enye inkathazo yababukeli baseRussia inguna eqoqweni elincane kakhulu lamaqoqo. Kusuka ekuthini ukhulume ngokufanele abakhiqizi baseRussia, sibiza inkampani "intwasahlobo" (G.Vladimir), "chaika" (g.uglich) kanye ne- "Cascade" (nizhny novgorod).
Okuhle kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwenkampani "intwasahlobo" - Imikhiqizo ene-Manual Palken Varnish. Amantombazane, ama-birchings, amahhashi - amabutho, ama-bouquets, konke okudume nge-wacquer miniature, kukhona ezindlini zedeskithophu kanye namawashi odonga kusuka esihlahleni semvelo. Izindlu zihlukaniswa nomklamo wangempela - lapha kanye ne-desktop fold-fold-fold-fold (evaliwe yi-Doors, njenge-eydijithali), kanye nokudayela ngaphansi kwengilazi eyindilinga (iwashi-iGlobe), kanye namahora asesithombeni. Ngenxa ye-handicraft, intengo yemikhiqizo iza kuma-ruble ayi-15000., Kepha ungathenga futhi unesizotha kakhulu - ama-ruble angama-3000.
I- "Seagull" eqinile, kunjalo, idume kakhulu ngesihlakala sayo kanye namawashi ephaketheni afunde ukuwenza kahle. Uma sikhuluma ngeqoqo langaphakathi, kufanelekile ukunaka amakhethini ahlukile wewashi kusuka ku-ceramics (DelA Porcelain, GZHEL, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, qaphela, lokhu akulona igama elingokomfanekiso, kepha umshini wokubuka we-quartz wangempela ufakwe epuletini yangempela, onqenqemeni lwalo luyi-dial. Iningi layo yonke imikhiqizo enjalo ilungele ikhishi. Sidinga ukuqaphela kakhulu, ngoba ama-ceramics antekenteke, futhi ngokuqhekeka okuncane, ama-chip avela emshalweni. Kepha ngokusetshenziswa okufanele nokuhlanzekile, iwashi lizosebenza isikhathi eside.
Inkampani "i-Cascade" ikhiqiza kuphela izindlu zamawashi, izindlela zisebenzisa amaShayina, ngakho-ke ukunemba kwale mikhiqizo akusona isibonelo esingcono kunasekhaya. Into esemqoka ka-Isaoy, le ndlela inokuhamba okuntantayo, okungukuthi, ayithathiki, ngokungafani namanye amamodeli aseRussia ayaziwa ngevolumu yawo ekhuphuka. Inkampani isebenza ngokukhethekile iwashi eliyindilinga eliyindilinga ngohlaka lweplastiki, izinkuni nama-ceramics. Babukeka befuywe futhi bathokomele imikhiqizo yepulasitiki epulasitiki kusuka e-acetime, enakekela iwashi lohlobo olufanayo. Futhi imikhiqizo yethu nase-rormitory yamanje evala ukudayela. Ukuba semthethweni kusuka epulasitiki, ingilazi ayiklibhula, ngokuqinile futhi ayithintwa yimvelo, ebaluleke kakhulu ekhishini noma ehhovisi.
Kulabo abafuna ukuxhasa umenzi waseRussia, singancoma iTransalpina, bazibandakanye ngempumelelo amakhophi eminye imikhiqizo.
Abahleli babonga inkampani "Ancona", "iLunart-design", "ama-Laniks", "Stiks", "I-Grand Standard" kanye neSalon "I-Elsa-Fashion" ukuze balungiselele lokho.