Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yama-boilers asendlini aqinile kawoyela ahlose ukufudumeza namanzi ashisayo okunikezela ngamanzi kanye nezindlu.
Ama-boilers kawoyela aqinile asevele efakelwe ukufudumeza kanye namanzi ashisayo amakamelo nezindlu ezitholakala ezindaweni ezingafakwanga kagesi eRussia, lapho kungekho gesi eyinhloko futhi akunanzuzo ukuthenga uphethiloli.
Ukukhetha kufanelekile!
Inzuzo eyinhloko yama-boilers aqinile kaphethiloli phambi kwawo, asebenza kudizili negesi, atholakala esidlangalaleni futhi anentengo eqinile kaphethiloli. Ama-boilers anjalo, njenge-chopper, asiza ukudala ukushisa okunethezekile kulezo zindawo lapho amagatsha amapayipi egesi nemigqa yamandla engafinyelelwa khona. I-Russia inenkulu enkulu ngokweqiniso, izinqolobane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni zamalahle, ihlathi kanye ne-peat. Ngeke kwesabe ukuthi "ukuqweqwe" kwendlu ekotishi kuzogcwaliswa. Ekupheleni kweziphetho, iningi labantu basemakhaya baleli lizwe lethu basathuthukisile izindlu ezinophethiloli oqinile - ngo-100 km ukusuka eMoscow yedolobha namadolobha amancane alikashoni. Ukukhetha okunobuhlakani phakathi kwedizili kanye nophethiloli oqinile (ugesi njengoba umthombo omkhulu wokushisa ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwangempela) inani labantu benza ukuthandwa yiqiniso.Ukushisa kokhuni kushibhile kunasemalahle, cishe izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 kunobhizi, - izikhathi ezi-5-8 futhi kunalokho kusuka kugesi, izikhathi eziyi-12-17. Ngisho nasemaphepheni aqinile aphezulu afana ne-anthracite ehleliwe, intengo imvamisa iphansi kunasedizili. Ama-boliers afanayo kawoyela aqinile angasebenza nhlobo ngaphandle kukagesi (ongakwazi ukusho ngama-boilers kugesi, uphethiloli we-diesel noma nge-electrocottis).
Imishini esebenzisa uphethroli oqinile ihlukahlukene impela. Noma kungekho ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ihlukaniswe yimihlangano yalawa madivayisi abe ngamaqembu amathathu: ama-boilers endabuko (amafutha aqinile kuphela asetshenzisiwe: amalahle, izinkuni, i-Peat, njll.) Inzuzo eyinhloko yokuhlanganiswa ne-Universal ukuthi kulula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila zasendaweni. Isibonelo, ukuqala ukulahla indlu ngezinkuni zezinkuni, nangemva kokukhishwa kwendawo, faka i-shirter yegesi ku-boiler (uhlobo lwe-armoskeric olungadingi ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, noma i-fan).
Ngama-boilers we-Universal, ungasebenzisa i-4-Engineer: uphethiloli oqinile, uphethiloli, uphethiloli nogesi. Lawa madivayisi athandwa kakhulu enyakatho yeYurophu (CTC, Jama, Japa). Kunentuthuko yasekhaya: IZiosab-45, CS-TGV-20E. Ugesi njengomthombo wamandla ashisekayo kuwo usetshenzisiwe usebenzisa ama-heater kagesi ama-heater kagesi ashumeke ku- "Shirt". Lesi sakamuva sisetshenziswa 'njengabasizi', imvamisa ebusuku, lapho kunesilinganiso esishibhile, noma 'sibukela' ukubukela phansi, uma izinkuni zokuqwashisa zishise phansi noma abashisi bacishiwe.
Umnyombo wenqubo yokwakheka kwegesi
I-air oxygen inikezwe inani elilinganiselwe egumbini lokuhlelwa kwegesi, lapho ingxenye yezinkuni izofuthelwa khona ngamalahle ashisayo izinkuni, iza nayo ekuphenduleni. Umphumela wesihlahla ukhala ngekhabhoni, umphunga wamanzi, u-resin namafutha. Ukusabela okwengeziwe phakathi komoya-mpilo kanye nekhabhoni kunikeza izinga lokushisa elanele ukwakha i-carbon monoxide (Co) - isakhi esiyinhloko segesi ekhiqizwayo. Ama-resins namafutha abola ngamagesi aqukethe i-hydrogen nenani elithile le-methane. Igesi ye-generator ephumela inenani eliphakeme le-calorific.
Ukwakheka okujwayelekile kwegesi elomile ye-generator
| Izakhi zeGaza | Ngakho-kunjalo | CO2. | CNO | H2. | O2. | N2. |
| Ingxenye yevolumu,% | 14-22. | 8-15 | 1-4 | 10-17 | ngaphansi kuka-5. | 50-60 |
Amaphutha amakhulu ama-boilers ohlobo olucatshangelwe ahlotshaniswa nenani elincane le-caloric kaphethiloli. I-Vtop kufanele ilayishe ngezikhathi ezithile izingxenye ezintsha zamalahle (imvamisa ngemuva kwamahora ayi-6-8) kanye nezinkuni (amahora ama-2-3). Lo uphethiloli awulingani, ngokuqina okuguqukayo, kungashisi ngokuphelele, ukugqamisa i-soot. Ama-chimneys ayavalelwa futhi awohloka ngenxa yokugqwala. I-Ash yakhelwa okuningi, futhi kumele kube khona ukususa ngezikhathi ezithile. Amandla afanayo e-boiler atholakala ngo-25-30% ngaphansi kwalapho usebenzisa uphethiloli wegesi noma udilizeli kuzo. Imvamisa emaphepheni asebenzisa ama-Apps awanamandla angama-30kw anamandla amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imakethe inamadivaysi kanye nama-75kw (Kiltanf ethandwa kakhulu, i-Italy), kanye ne-100kw (!). Banikezwa ku-Firewood Pyromat101 boiler kusuka eKobschafer (Germany) abanobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu (hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-1.51.51.5 m).
Lawula inqubo yokushisa uphethiloli oqinile kunzima, ngakho-ke ukunemba kokugcina izinga lokushisa elifunwayo liphansi. UVitoga uvela ukuthi ukunakwa kwama-boilers adinga okuningi, futhi induduzo yesimo sezulu ayinakwa ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, engadini noma endlini yasemakhaya, kunengqondo ukungena ngemvume kwi-aubsivel kaphethiloli e-boiler ngaphandle kwamathuluzi ezenzakalelayo (ngokwesibonelo, ama-ks-TV-12,5), wokulahla lapho kunemidlalo eyanele, futhi ulondoloze ukusebenza Isimo, izingxenye ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zikaphethiloli ngosuku.
Ku-150-200m2 Cottage, kusizakala kakhulu ukufaka isicelo sokuhlanganiswa noma ama-boilers ahlanganisiwe. I-VNI Firewood noma amalahle angasetshenziswa njengesipele (ukulahleka kokuhluleka okushisayo) noma uphethri owengeziwe (ngokubanda okuqinile). Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinkinga ngokulethwa kanye nokugcinwa kwamalahle futhi, ikakhulukazi, izinkuni, ukubhekwa kwesithando somlilo, ukususwa komlotha (izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku) kuzoshintsha izakhamizi ze-boiler. Ngempela, ngokushisa indlu enjalo, izinkuni kuphela ezizodinga cishe ama-22m3, futhi namalahle aze afike ku-16t ngesizini.
Isizukulwane sama-boilers athuthukile wegesi siye sasiza ukusebenza ngokusebenza kwegumbi le-boiler, kepha akuzange kusule zonke izinkinga. Uma ubungqabavu bokuxhumana kobunjiniyela bunenani lomnikazi wasekhaya, kunengqondo ukunikeza okuncamelayo ku-boiler yendawo yonke engasebenza kugesi, uphethiloli kagesi kanye nophethiloli oqinile. Ngokomnotho ibhekiswe inketho yokufaka ama-boilers amabili: igesi noma kaphethiloli kanye nophethiloli kanye nophethiloli oqinile onama-automatic othoma-othomathikhi, oxhunywe kuphela kumakhaza aqinile, okuvame ukubiza isikhathi eside. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani eliphelele (izindleko ze-capital) zeSleast Fuel Boiler ne-Boiler yegesi zivame ukwedlula izindleko ze-applatus eyodwa enamandla egesi. Ukubhuka okufanayo kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukwandisa ukwethenjwa kohlelo lokushisa, noma ngabe i-main heath generator yehluleka, ngisho ne-angle izokwelula izinkuni ze-brigade, ngisho nangaphambi kokushisa.
Abanikazi bamakhethini amakhulu kufanele bathinte ezinye izinketho zokushisa. Uma kuhlukahluka kwegesi noma i-liquid her boiler ngesizathu esithile akwamukeleki, kungenzeka ukusungula, ngokwesibonelo, igumbi lesimanje elizenzakalelayo likaphethiloli. Vele, kubiza kakhulu kunama-boilers, kepha mhlawumbe isikhathi eside (kungenzeka ukuthi ubusika bonke) busebenza ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ngaphandle komuntu.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izici zezemvelo zama-boilers ophethiloli onamahlahla emaphepheni avuselelekayo amandla avuselelwa aya ngokuya ebaluleke kakhulu. Isemuva nje, kwavela ukuthi ukugxila okunamandla kakhulu kwe-benz-a-Pyrene (ingozi yengozi) emikhiqizweni yokuvutha igesi yemvelo kanye namafutha aphezulu kawoyela aphezulu yizikhathi eziyi-100 kuya kwezingu-100. emoyeni. Zonke lezi "ezinhle" zixazululwa endaweni yendlu. Entwasahlobo ngamanzi ancibilikisiwe, okuqukethwe ubuthi kuvunyelwe ngokwengeziwe ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5-6. Ngaphezu kwalokho indlela eya kuye echibini eliseduzane noma kahle, lapho into yobuthi ithola khona kithi etafuleni. Ama-boilers ngowokuhlanza izinkuni awangcolisi umoya nendawo ezungezile yendlu enokuphuma okulimazayo. Emazweni amaningi, njengeFinland, eNorway, Sweden kanye neCanada, ama-boilers aqinile kawoyela namuhla abhekene nokuzalwa kwesibili ngenxa yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwemvelo. Amamodeli amahle kakhulu afakwe amakhaya afudumele emvelweni, izakhamuzi zazo zikhathazeke kakhulu ngesimo semvelo nempilo yazo. Izinto eziningi ezintsha zivela nathi. Kepha emakethe abakakakeki "okunqunyelwe" (izitifiketi zikhahlela futhi zinqunywa ngamanani).
Ngendlela yezengezo, siyaphawula ukuthi i-boiler eqinile kaphethiloli ayifuneki ngekhwalithi yomoya enikezwe isithando somlilo. Ngakho-ke, le divayisi ingasetjenziswa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa indlu lapho kunothuli oluningi emoyeni. Amathuluzi kagesi amaningi wegesi kanye noketshezi angqubuzana.
Ukwabelana kwamandla
Lonke umndeni obanzi wama-boilers aqinile kagesi esicini esakhayo ungahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: ngegumbi elilodwa lokushisa namakhamera amabili. Labo kanye nabanye bahlukaniswa baba yingxenye eyodwa neyembili. Owokuqala ukuhlinzeka ngokushisa kuphela, kanti owesibili usengakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo asendlini.
Amadivayisi wenkinobho eyodwa. Leli yiqembu eliningi kakhulu lama-boilers. Ngokwenziwa kwezinto zabo, izinto ezimbili zisetshenziswa ngokwesiko: i-cast iron nensimbi. Isisekelo se-cast-iron boiler iyibhulokhi yezigaba eziningana ezakha "ihembe" le-boiler, i-firebox ne-duct yegesi. Umklamo onjalo wenza kube lula ukukhetha amandla ofiselekayo nokulungisa izingxenye zehlulekile. Ababili be-Iron Boilers baphikisana kahle nokugqwala. Kuyadingeka ukuyilungisa kaningi kunensimbi, yize impilo ephelele yenkonzo yabo icishe ibe yiminyaka engama-25-50, nensimbi - iminyaka engama-30.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi wensimbi anezici eziningi. Okokuqala, bayakwazi ukusebenza ekushiseni amanethiwekhi ngokujikeleza kwemvelo kwe-coolant, okungukuthi, akunasidingo sogesi (ama-boilevers amile analelo anikezwe wonke amamodeli). Okwesibili, abanalo i-Exchanger Exchanger eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze banikeze amandla uhlelo olushisayo lwamanzi (DHW). Okuhlukile ukuphela kwe-boiler engenisiwe enesithando se-cast-iron (v25fg kusuka ku-CTC), ifakwe i-boiler ye-CTP ehlanganiswe ngo-115L yokuhlinzeka ngendlu ngamanzi ahlanzekile, kanye nesigaba esisha se-cast-iron-5 "combi" isigaba esine- "Drock". Ababili be-Iron Boilers basindayo, badinga phansi okuhlala isikhathi eside noma isisekelo. Yebo, futhi i-cast iron iyaziswa ibiza kakhulu.
I-Cast Iron Boilers emakethe iya kancane. Ngemodeli eyodwa noma amabili anikezela nge-dakon, Czech Republic (Modelfb); I-CTC, iSweden (Model V25FG); Viadrus, Czech Republic (Model U22C); I-Roca, Spain (Model P10 ne-P30); Hogfors, eFinland (imodeli hogfors20); I-Slant / Fin, USA (imodeli yama-21sseries); kanye ne- "Kirov Plant" (amamodeli we-KCHM-5R).
I-boilers yensimbi yethulwe kakhulu. Akancane kakhulu kune-iron, ngokushesha anganaki imodi echaziwe ebekiwe futhi isekele ngokunembile. Ngasikhathi sinye, bafuna ukulahla insimbi ngohlobo lwamafutha. Akukhona kuwo wonke amamodeli angashisa amalahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele bahlomise nge-Iron ye-Iron, njengasezindlini ezifuywayo zochungechunge lweCop, noma bapholile, njengasemodeli yeJunior (JASSIMAKINEn), i-Grate. Enye inketho yenziwe ngensimbi ebilisiwe. I-Vernerp45 (verner, Czech Republic), isithando somlilo sensimbi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngekhonkolo eqiniswe kabusha.
Ama-boilers ensimbi afakwe ikhoyili ehlanganisiwe yokulungiselela amanzi ashisayo asendlini (i-Senior1040ks, Juniork, KS-TGV, ATV-23G, njll.). Ukwabelana ngamamodeli kuhlinzekelwe ukufakwa kweTan (ngo-6-12 kw) ukwelapha amanzi e-offseason noma ukusiza isithando somlilo lapho kubanda.
Isici sama-boilers asetshenzisiwe okusetshenziswa okukodwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kusuka kolunye uhlobo lwamafutha kuya kwelinye adinga ukulungiswa kabusha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uphethiloli ngamunye unomlingiswa wayo wokuhlanganisa, nokwenza igesi, udizili kanye nezinkuni ku-Chamber efanayo ngokusebenza kahle, kunzima kakhulu. Ithi, igumbi lomlilo ngokhuni kufanele lube amavolumetric futhi ngaphandle kwama-chimneys ahlukahlukene anciphisa ukugcwala. Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okushayayo kuyabalalisa ngokuphelele amapharamitha ekhamera. Azidingi throutt kusuka ku-chimney, kepha iziteshi zentuthu ukukhulisa ukubuya kwe- "Shirt" yokushisa - kuyadingeka. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwakulula futhi kuba namandla kuMnikazi uqobo. Kwenye indawo lapho udinga ukususa (ukubeka) amabhodi ahlazekile (njengaku-fb kusuka ku-dakon), endaweni ethile - izitudiyo (njengasemodeli kaJama). I-DOR (DAKON) ne-V25UB (CTC) ne-V25UB (CTC) ngisho nokuhlinzeka ngenguquko kusuka phezulu (komhlaba) imodi yokuvutha evuthayo ezansi lapho izinkuni zezinkuni zishintsha emakholi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukubuyiselwa kabusha kuncishiswa kuphela ukufakwa komseshi emnyango ongezansi wesithando somlilo, lapho umgodi ofiselekayo osuvele wenziwe (njengasemoyeni wasekhaya ochungechungeni lwamakheli nama-CCM noma ama-JAMA boilers). Kepha i-shirter yegesi ukufaka noma ukususa kuphela uchwepheshe olungile nelayisense elifanele.
Ama-boilers e-single-Chamber ahlinzekwa njalo ngamathuluzi okuhlanza nokulungiswa, kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlola ingcindezi kanye nokushisa okushisa okushisa kohlelo lokushisa (thermonometer), ngesikhathi sokushisa kwamanzi, ngesikhathi sokushisa kwamanzi, amagesi athambile. Ama-boilers aqinile kawoyela aqinile avame ukusetshenziswa yi-germostat mechan (thermobalon), induku yayo exhunywe yiketanga nomnyango ophoqelekile. I-thermobalon ilawula ukulethwa komoya endaweni evuthayo kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa le-coolant ku- "Shirt" ye-boiler noma kumazinga okushisa amagesi.
Phakathi kwama-boilers anamuhla, iqembu lamadivayisi anokulayishwa kwamafutha okusetshenziselwa ukushiswa okusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinkuni nokungcola kwezinkuni (okungelutho ngegesi generator, sizobheka kubo ngezansi). Ukusebenza kwalawa madivayisi kungafinyelela kuma-78%. Ama-boilters we-ktakim afaka, ngokwesibonelo, i-DORD ne-FBD evela kuDakon, i-U22D kusuka ku-viadrus kanye nomkhiqizo we-ATV yaseRussia ATV-23.2).
Izindawo ezinama-bood boilers ziguqulwa ukuze zilayishe umthamo omkhulu wokhuni (ibhukumaka elilodwa lingamahora angama-6-10). Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkuni, njengomthetho, izikrini ezivinjelwe ukushisa ezikhuphukile noma ukufakwa kwe-ceramic nezinhlelo ezimbili zokuhlinzekwa komoya - okuyinhloko neyesibili. Enye yezinto ezintsha zezobuchwepheshe zama-boileers wanamuhla uhlelo oluphansi lokuhlanganisa. Ukugeleza komoya ukuze izinkuni zezinkuni ze-tolere engxenyeni engezansi yesithando somlilo, ebangeni, futhi imiphumela yemikhiqizo yokuvutha inikele egumbini elengeziwe ngaphansi kwegumbi elingezekile ngaphansi kwe-grate. Inikeza umfaniswano owengeziwe nokushiswa kwesikhathi eside kwezinkuni, ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuphelele. Uhlelo lungasebenza nomugqa wemvelo (njengaku-DOR Boilers kusuka ku-Dakon ne-V25 UB kusuka ku-CTC), futhi lapho kuphoqelelwa (njengaseKillana enakekela). Ngisho nezinkuni ezimanzi ezimanzi ziyahamba. Ukuze kube lula ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa, ama-boilter wozinkuni ahlinzekwa nge-ashtel eyandisiwe kanye nomgodi omkhulu wokulayisha (imfoloko).
Ama-boilers wezindlela ezimbili. Ziyindawo yonke, zivame ukuhlanganiswa, amadivayisi. Bonke banamagumbi amabili ahlukene wekhoyili: ngokushisa uphethiloli oqinile nokufaka igesi evuthayo noma i-liquid Fuel Burner. Isithando ngasinye sinomklamo wawo oqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhle kakhulu kwamafutha awo. Akudingekile ukwakha noma yini kumabiliji anjalo (njengakukodwa-iwindi), konke kuqoqwe efektri futhi kulungele ukusebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Izimgcwabe zixhumeke kuphela endaweni yomqokeleli wentuthu, ophuma ku-chimney, ngakho-ke ungaphazamisi omunye nomunye. Amakhamera enziwa ngensimbi. Ukukhululeka kwamamodeli kuhlinzekela ukuthi kungenzeka ukufaka i-Tan (1-3 izingcezu ngesilinganiso se-6-18 kW). Onke amadivaysi anganikeza indlu ngamanzi ashisayo. Inkampani yeBosch Polyflam355 isetshenziselwa lokhu, isetshenziswa i-120 l boiler, nakumadivayisi asele, geleza i-heater yamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okushisayo kuncike emandleni edivayisi. Kepha ngomphefumulo omuhle nokugeza izitsha zamanzi ngokwanele (600-1200 l / h).
Amanye ama-boilers angalayishwa kakhulu kumakhilogremu ambalwa we-calrogram anamafutha aqinile, isitoko sawo sanele amahora angama-6-12. Ngokunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, i-KRM50R kusuka kuKiturami noma ngo-2200Trio kusuka ku-CTC. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo lokulawula ngogesi lwama-olers we-KRM luzovula ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-shisayo lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha aqinile. "Imivimbo emibili" ngokuvamile ifakwe ngomusa ngamadivayisi azenzakalelayo okuphepha kanye nokuphepha kunemishini ye-single-Chamber, ngoba banokushisa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, bazwela kakhulu amaphethelo amandla kaphethiloli kanye nogesi. Lapha, uma kwenzeka kuphazamiseka kulokhu kudla okunempilo, ama-boilers ahlome nge-backup Header generator.
Unganciphisa kanjani ukulahleka kokushisa
Ngisho ne-boiler eqinile kakhulu eqinile kaphethiloli ingamiswa ngaphezu kwamahora ambalwa ezinsukwini ezi-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzokwazi ukuthola ukusebenza okuphezulu kokusetshenziswa kwamafutha, inani elincane le-soot namagesi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuxhuma ibhethri lethangi elifakwe ukushisa kwamanzi ashisayo umthamo omkhulu (amalitha ngo-500 noma ngaphezulu). Ithangi lithatha amanzi kusuka ku-boiler lapho uphethiloli usekukhule kakhulu, ukugqamisa ukushisa okuningi. Lapho uphethiloli ushisiwe futhi i-boiler iyaphola, ibhethri lidla amanzi "ihembe" le-boiler kanye nohlelo olushisayo lokushisa kwamanzi. Amazinga okushisa abushelelezi endlini asekelwa isikhathi eside, futhi izimo zigcinwa ku-boiler ukuze zivutha amafutha angcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boiler ingenziwa kaningi, enikeza umnotho kaphethiloli. Xhuma ibhethri nge-boiler ngezindlela ezimbili: ngqo, ngaphandle kokuqiniswa okuvaliwe, njengoba kwenziwa umjikelezo we-JAMA, noma usebenzise umjikelezo olawulwa yi-bypass ngokujikeleza okuphoqelekile, njengoba kunikezwa i-STS.Masenze igesi?
Muva nje, izinhlobo ezintsha zemishini kaphethiloli eqinile - ama-boilers akhiqizwa igesi avele emakethe. Kusetshenziswa i-pyrolysis evuthayo. Lawa ma-boilers angenazo olunye lwezinzuzo eziphambili zabakhiqizi bokushisa bendabuko ekuzimeleni kukagesi okuqinile kugesi. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa zibe: ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, ubungane bezemvelo, amandla okulawula inqubo yokuvusa uphethiloli. Bukela amadivaysi amadivaysi ngeke avuke ngelangabi, kepha yi-tweet kuphela, futhi inqubo ingenziwa isebenze noma "ukuphazanyiswa", kuguqula inani le-air linikezwe.
I-Wood Gasification kudala yaziwa futhi yasetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni kwezimboni. Wonke amalahle omkhonta e-bunny for fuel fan fan umoya ngu fan (Primary). Umphumela wakhelwa igesi ekhiqizwayo yokudla equkethe ikakhulukazi ye-CO. Igesi idlula nge-nozzle ye-ceramic lapho ihlanganiswa khona nomoya owengeziwe (wesibili). Ingxubevange yegesi enomoya ovuthayo egumbini lokuhlangana, ukuxhumana ne-catalyst, kanye nezinhlanganisela ezisindayo, nezinhlayiya zamaphothi zishisiwe. Isiliva elinama-busibi we-surfar yokuvuka, ama-boilers generator generator akhiqiza amagesi we-flue, empeleni awanawo anobuthi kanye nokunye ukungcola.
Ama-boilers ancibilike ngokwesiko noma ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokulahla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, amalambu omile kuphela asetshenziswa njengophethiloli (umswakama kuze kube ngu-20%). Yize esesimweni esijwayelekile, ama-brightte owomile, ama-sawdust, ama-chip, ama-chips, ukunquma, inhlanganisela yokungcola kwezinkuni, inhlanganisela yokungcola kwezinkuni, i-peat yokudla embonini equkethe i-cellulose, ingasetshenziswa ngegesi. Uma uphethiloli, kanye nezinga lokugeleza komoya wesisekelo nokwesesibili kukhethwa kahle, igesi ye-generator ivulekile ngelangabi elicishe limhlophe. Ngomswakama okhulayo wamafutha aqinile, inani le-calorific of igesi liyancipha, ukwakheka kwe-soot, tar kanye nokwenyuka kwe-condensate.
Iningi labakhiqizi lihlinzeka ngethuba lokulawula i-boiler kusuka kuhlelo lwegumbi. Iphaneli yokulawula ikhombisa amapharamitha we-boiler (lokushisa lama-coolant, ama-alamu wezimo eziphuthumayo, imodi yesenzo sabalandeli).
Njengomthetho, ama-boilers generator generator asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokushisa ngokujikeleza okuphoqelekile okuphoqelekile. Zonke zingamanzi asekhaya afakwe ekhaya futhi ashisayo awakhiqizi. Kepha, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle okukhulu kanye nobungani bezemvelo, umbuthano wabo wabathengi (nabahlinzeki) uyanda. Imodeli yasekhaya ye-CCMG-KZ "WENNER" izovela emakethe. Ukwahlulela ngezinto zokwakha kwi-Intanethi, futhi inkampani yaseCzech verner yaqala ukufundwa kwemakethe yethu ekulethweni kwamamodeli ayo amane, kepha imininingwane ethile mayelana nama-boilers, abamele bawo benqabile ukuhlinzeka abahleli.
Amakamelo we-boiler azenzakalelayo
Ukusindisa umthengi kusuka kusidingo sokubeka uphethiloli ebhokisini lomlilo le-boiler, amafemu amaningi athuthukise amagumbi ezenzakalelayo (i-ATA). Njengoba uphethiloli uhlanganiswe, ingxenye yaso entsha ihlinzekwa kusuka e-Hopper Hopper ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kepha lapha uphethiloli kuleli cala akusekho lutho, kepha oluncane oluncane. I-Wood Chips (5-50 mm) noma i-granuralar sawdust (pellets) ifaneleke kahle. Lesi sakamuva sitholwa ngokucindezela sawdust nama-chip amahle. Ngendlela, ama-12-15M3 Chips abuyisela uphethiloli we-1T Diesel.Le divayisi ifaka i-boiler lapho amanzi afudumeza khona, i-shirter enendlela yokusebenzisa uphethiloli othomathikhi kanye nomlandeli ovunguzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwamafutha. Njengomthetho, ikhasimende lihlinzekwa yi-MonoBlock design eqediwe, kepha ngokwesisekelo ungakha igumbi le-boiler futhi kusuka ezintweni ezitholakele ngokwahlukana. Kuwo kuphela kuzofanela ukuthola isitifiketi sokuphepha somlilo.
Izinkampani eziningi zakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni wonke zibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni okunamathiselwe kwasendlini amakhethini namuhla. Imikhiqizo evela e-Wahi (Italy), i-Arimax-Bio (Finland), iBentone (Sweden), iVerner (Czech Republic) iqala ukuvela emakethe yaseRussia. Ngokusho komklamo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza, amadivayisi we-monoblock wabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene afana kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-ATA evela e-Arimax-Bio ene-40kW inamayunithi amabili: i-boiler enebhokisi lomlilo kanye ne-acker burner. I-Stokecker (Bunker) i-Burner ifaka phakathi i-bare bunker enomthamo we-0.5-1M3 (ngokwesimiso ingandiswa kunoma yiluphi usayizi), lapho i-Pull Chip Screw Tonveyor ixhumeke kumsele ovuthayo. Ngokwesikimu esifanayo, i-R12 Burner ethuthukiswe yi-Bentone. IVolumu ye-bunker yanele ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo igumbi le-boiler ngolunye usuku. Kunamadivayisi asebenza ngokuqhubekayo izinsuku ezingama-2-5 ngisho namasonto amabili (i-VAP25ZEUS evela eVerner).
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elifakwe endaweni yokuphuma kwe-boiler lilandelela i-thermostat. Uma ngabe izinga lokushisa lehlelwe ngo-5 ° C lifakiwe, i-auger motor ivuliwe ngemizuzwana embalwa imizuzwana embalwa, futhi ingxenye kaphethiloli ihlinzekwa kudivayisi eshisayo lapho icala lokushwabana ligcinwa njalo. Amaphethelo avuthayo aphenya umoya ungene ku-burner, futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-boiler likhuphuka. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho kufinyelela umkhawulo ophezulu, ezenzakalelayo zivala fan.
Ukuze umlilo esikuluyeni ukuze ungene e-bunker, amasistimu amabili anikezwe ekwakhiweni kwe-ATA. Owokuqala abaqaphi izinga lokushisa lesikulufo sokuphakelayo. Lapho amazinga okushisa ephakanyiselwa ku-40-45, i-thermostat ekhethekile icisha umlandeli we-blower kanye nokunikezwa kwamafutha. Uhlelo lwesibili ukucima umlilo okuzenzakalelayo. Emazingeni okushisa okumboza okuphakelayo kukaphethiloli 70-80c, isikulufa sokuphakelayo bese umshisi uthele amanzi.
E-Russia, ama-boileer azenzakalelayo amakamelo akayona awakwenzi. Ukusondela kulokhu kwasondela ku-'Flet "eqinile, lapho bakhiqize khona uchungechunge lwe-generator generator generator yokushisa ye-GG (enomthamo we-40kvt) ngokudla okuzenzakalelayo kwemfucuza yokhuni. Uma nje i-firm ihlanganisa abashiseli abanama-boilers ezimboni, futhi ukuguqulwa kwababili bendlu akumeleli ubunzima. Ngezindleko ze-ATA ziqhathaniswa nama-boilers wegesi (mhlawumbe kubiza kakhulu). Ngakho-ke, idivaysi i-Multi-Heath 2.5 kusuka ku-baxi ku-25kvt kubiza ama- $ 3200. Ukunwetshwa okusabalele kwalawo mabhulokhi kuphoqelelwa ukukhiqizwa okukhawulelwe kwama-chip kanye nokhuni lwe-granular.
Enjabulweni yeDacnis
Ngaphezu kwama-boilers athathwayo, enzelwe amakamelo okushisa amanzi, kunezinto eziqinile zikaphethiloli emakethe ezihlinzeka ngomoya ofudumele emakamelweni. Lawa ama-oveni e-Domedy Production "Bulleryan" ("Prokkin Energetk") ne- "Sisel" ("inkampani" ("inkampani"), esebenza izinkuni, imikhiqizo ye-peat, imikhiqizo enamakhabethe, amalahle aphansi futhi angafuni ukunikezwa kwamakhalori. Zingabizwa ngokuthi izikhungo zokubopha uphawu. Bayakwazi ngokushesha (imizuzu engama-20-25) bakhanyisa futhi bagcwalisa igumbi ngokugeleza komoya ofudumele, okhiqizwa ngevolumu elungile (ngaphezulu kuka-4,5 m3 / min). Ngakho-ke, kulawo ma-dacisiti, athi ngezikhathi ezithile etholwa futhi athumele "ukuphakamisa", amadivaysi anjalo amane nje asemqoka.
Emakani asebenzisa umgomo wokuvutha kwe-pyrolysis, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu olayisha odlayo wanele ukulondolozwa ukushisa kobusuku bonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha - 6-8 kna amahora angama-8-12, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi - 75-80%. Amakamelo afudumele ngenxa ye-air convection, eshisa ngokudlula ebhokisini lomlilo. Ukugeleza komoya kuphela kudlula emafa ahlukene ngezindlela ezihlukile: ku- "Flelleriane" - ngokohlelo lwepayipi, indandatho yezindlu zesithando, nakwisilinda phakathi kwesilinda sesithando kanye umzimba wangaphandle wedivayisi.
Izimgcwali zifakwa njengenjwayelo, bese kufakwa uphethiloli ophambili emakhoneni ashisayo kanti ama-DAMPERS abeka imodi yokuvutha oyifunayo. Ama-colonsets awanikeziwe. Imisebenzi yabo yenza ungqimba lomlotha, ukunqwabelana okungenakugwenywa ezansi. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza umlotha ngokwesilinganiso ngemuva kuka-5-6 wesithando somlilo, kushiye ungqimba ka-5-6 cm ukuvimba ukuzivocavoca okungezansi.
Izindela "ISine" zikhiqizwa osayizi eziyisithupha abanomthamo we-13.8 kuya ku-28kW kanye nezindleko ezivela ku- $ 77 kuya ku- $ 318. I- "Bulleroans" inamandla ka-6-36 kW futhi ibiza ama- $ 175-650.
Igesi yegesi (igesi kagesi)
| Umkhiqizi * | Isifanekiso | Amandla, kwt | Ububanzi, ukujula, ukuphakama, mm | Intengo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inyoni | I-SOSEGEN24. | 10-24. | I-56011751380. | 1155. |
| Czech Republic (6) | Pyro KP-32 | 20-33. | I-6869861185. | Ayikho idatha |
| I-Olimp, Germany (3) | Hvk 30. | 15-30 | 6368951540. | 4120. |
| I-CTC, Sweden | V35 | 20-35 | 5509631525. | 4000. |
| I-Foretatal, Italy (4) | UKiltan F 29. | 20-34. | 5507001280. | Ayikho idatha |
| I-Kobschafer, Germany (10) | I-Pyromat55 | Ngo-18-48 | 79511601460. | Ayikho idatha |
Izici zama-boilers anamandla kagesi aqinile
| Umkhiqizi * | Isifanekiso | Amandla, kwt | Impahla yokudubula | Ukutholakala kwe-contour yama-GV | Ububanzi, ukujula, ukuphakama, mm | Intengo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isitshalo se-Green Engineering, esifundeni sase-Alexseevka Belgorod. (ezine) | I-KS-TG (B) -12.5 "FLACE" | Okuqophele imali | Insimbi | nakhu | I-420650700 (950) | 130. |
| "Konord", Rostov (4) | KS-TGV-16 "Don" | ishumi nesithupha | Insimbi | nakhu | 450650950. | 150. |
| "Red Koelker", Tanganrog (2) | I-KS-TG-25 "Gefest" | 25. | Insimbi | nakhu | 4505501100. | 240. |
| UDakon, Czech Republic (14) | Dakondor12. | Okuqophele imali | Insimbi | -I | 424691920. | 358. |
| Dakondor32D. | 32. | Insimbi | -I | 5268301040. | 545. | |
| UJaspimakinen, eFinland (7) | Junior 2k. | 40. | Insimbi | nakhu | 6406501500. | 3423. |
| "Isitshalo seKirov", esifundeni saseKaluga. (7) | Kchm-5r | 40 (5 isigaba) | Insimbi | -I | 4608001100. | 340. |
| -Gesi I-Mechan Plant N122, Russia | I-ATV-23,2 | 23. | Insimbi | nakhu | 5105101086. | 550. |
| I-STS, Sweden (4) | V25 ub. | 28. | Insimbi / Insimbi | -I | I-6628871190. | 3990. |
| I-Roca, Spain (6) | P30 9. | 37 (9 isigaba) | Insimbi | -I | 4859391007. | 1600. |
| ViaDrus, Czech Republic | U22 C. | 11.7 (2 isigaba) | Insimbi | -I | 5205601005. | 690. |
| I-Zio-podolsk, eRussia | Ziosab-45. | 45. | Insimbi | nakhu | 934934540. | 850. |
| Hogfors, eFinland (4) | Hogfors etna combi. | amashumi amabili | Insimbi | nakhu | 5906501380. | - |
* - Kubakaki kuveze inani lamamodeli avezwa emakethe yaseRussia.
Izici zama-boilers kaphethiloli aqinile amabili
| Umkhiqizi * | Isifanekiso | Amandla, kwt | Izinto ezilungisiwe | Ukutholakala kwe-contour yama-GV | Ububanzi, ukujula, ukuphakama, mm | Ukuqondisisa Intengo enjalo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-CTC, Sweden | 2200 trio. | 35. | Insimbi | nakhu | 9006051200. | 5600. |
| UJASSIMAKINEn, eFinland (4) | Super235s. | 35. | Insimbi | nakhu | I-690815110 | 3299. |
| Minitson 2000. | 28. | Insimbi | nakhu | 6907301370. | 3150. | |
| Kaukora, eFinland (4) | I-Jaspi-Tupla 1S | amashumi amabili | Insimbi | nakhu | I-7206101420. | 2550. |
| Bosch, Germany (2) | I-Polyflam TC35 | 40. | Insimbi | nakhu | I-8666301465. | I-2050. |
| Kiturami, South Korea (3) | Krm 30r | 35. | Insimbi | nakhu | 8557001360. | 1980. |
* - Kubakaki kuveze inani lamamodeli avezwa emakethe yaseRussia.
Abahleli babonga inkampani ethi "Rostterm", STS, "STAN", "STANEng", "isitshalo se-kirovsky", "ocinniport", "i-HeatimiPort" ukuthola usizo lapho kulungiswa khona izinto ezibonakalayo.