Internet yangaphakathi yaseJapan ithinta umsindo wanamuhla. Yini eyenza lesi sitayela sifaneleke kangaka?
Inhlanganisela yeRattan ne-bamboo isilethela emvelweni futhi icime ukoma "ubumsulwa bemvelo." Iminyango egoqiwe eyenziwe ngama-slats - olunye uhlobo lokugoqa ukwahlukanisa. Bahlanganisa umgomo weShirma, kepha ngokungafani ne-static, njengoba ukuhlukaniswa
I-dresser eno-inlay ekhombisa enye yezindawo zendabuko zobuciko baseJapan
Inhlanganisela yesikrini nama-hanger ngokuhlobisa okufingqiwe ku-Japanese iveza izithombe zendabuko ezinamandla. Kodwa-ke, imfashini ngesitayela seJapan yabangela izithombe ezintsha empilweni, kwesinye isikhathi i-avant-garde
Amafomu aqinile we-geometrism namamigqa wethula esinqumweni sezangaphakathi saseJapan-
Izinkulumo, ezikhathini zanamuhla, ukugcina amanani endabuko waseJapan kanye namagugu epulasitiki. Interior yangaphakathi ikwazile ukubopha esikhaleni esisodwa esiqediwe esiqediwe, ivolumu kanye nezinkondlo zesitayela
Ithonya lesiko laseJapan lizwakala ezindizeni ezinkulu ezizolile zesifuba
Izithombe zezangaphakathi zaseJapan zifakwe emigqeni ecacile. Ukuhlelwa ngokuqinile, lesi sigameko sihlanganisa izingathekiso zasempumalanga nasentshonalanga. UKimono odongeni usebenzela imininingwane yokuhlobisa
Isithombe sezangaphakathi esitayelwe ngaphansi kwesiJapan sithuthukise ngenxa yethebula lezingxenye eziningana, izesekeli, phansi
Lokhu kungu-100% egumbini laseYurophu kukhona ukwahlukanisa okuslayida kwaseJapan, okwenziwe ngama-slats anezinto ezilula ezilula. Ku-Half-square mat
"Isifiso sokukhetha izinto ngokuhlangeneKukhona umsebenzi ongazi. Kungcono kakhulu uma ehlakazekile.
Lokhu kubangela umuzwa wokuqina wokuphila.
Ngisho ekwakhiweni kwe-Imperial Palace
Indawo eyodwa yashiywa ingapheli ... "
Kenko-Hoshi. "Amanothi avela EBoredom"
Namuhla kuzoba ngamasiko e-exotic aseJapan kithi. Isiko, ukuhlanganisa amasiko amakhulu eminyaka ajwayelekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu bezimboni. Ngisho nokujwayelana okusheshayo ne-Japan Medieval Intendeal Intendeal Intendeze ngomsindo wanamuhla. Izakhiwo zangasese ezingemuva ezidalwe emakhulwini eminyaka we-XV-XVI, kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi zivela ekhasini lezindaba zangaphakathi.
Yini eyenza ingaphakathi laseJapan langezikhathi zangaphakathi lifanele namuhla? Amazwe ahlangene nokukhanya okudala nokusha, ngokuvamile, yizindlalifa zesiko lasendulo, kunzima ukumangaza ubucwebe obuningi bezakhiwo. Gwema ukungabikho kokuhlobisa okwenziwe ngokuhlobisa, ukucolisiswa okukhethekile, kungenzeka. Iphuzu kungenzeka ukuthi iJapan, ngenxa yesiqhingi sayo sokuhlukaniswa, ifakazelwa igatsha elikhethekile lokuthuthuka komuntu. Hhayi ulimi kuphela, kepha okuthandayo, umsindo, iphalethi yombala wamaJapan ahluke kakhulu e-European. Okufanayo kungabikwa ngokuphepha eMfundisweni yezakhiwo - Imfundiso yendawo yendlu yaseJapan, ayinalo "imvelo yethu ngokuphelele.
Isitayela se-Biography
KwabaseYurophu ababephila ngaphambi maphakathi ne-XVIIIV. Kuyazenzela, isitayela saseJapan njengoba umthombo wezithombe zangaphakathi avuke kamuva nje muva nje. Igama elithi "isitayela saseJapan", kunjalo, ngokwesimo. Ekupheleni kokuqala kwe-XV. Ukufika kokuqala eJapan futhi, into esemqoka eyabuyisa izifundo ezenziwe ekhaya (ato kwakukhona izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaPutukezi) zalethwa ezweni elingaziwa, ake sithi, "Izikhumbuzo". Lokhu kwakuvame kakhulu ukuba no-silk kimono, fan, izikhali, ama-statuette we-nepec, amakhabethi kanye nama-shrinds. Akulona yini iqiniso, uhlu aluzange lushintshe kakhulu eminyakeni engama-500 edlule? Vele, akukho ukwanda kwamasiko okungaba yinkulumo. AmaJapan, ngendlela, futhi maqondana nabafokazi abaziphethe ngaphezu kokucophelela, futhi abafunanga ukushintshana ngamasiko, amanxusa nabathengisi abathunyelwanga. Ngakho-ke isinyathelo sokuqala solwazi kuleli cala kungowethu.Ukunyuka okulandelayo ngentshisekelo ezweni lelanga elikhuphukayo (iJapan kunengqondo ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuphela kwe-XX-Fereming XXVV, isikhathi sokuphinda sicabange kabusha amasiko kanye nokusesha imithombo emisha yokuphefumlelwa. Izinhloso zaseJapan zingavakashela ngokucophelela, zitholakala ezithombeni zeModigliani, Van Gogh, Picasso. Mhlawumbe, ngalesi sikhathi, izakhi zezangaphakathi zaseJapan zingena okokuqala empilweni yaseYurophu, imvamisa ngesimo sezithombe ezisonweni. Ukuqoshwa kwamaJapan nabanye baphumelela ngempumelelo, izincwadi zaseJapan zihunyushwa. Ngaphambi kokucacisa okuqondile nokulingisa, kunjalo, kwakusekude. Kodwa-ke, obaba abasungula izakhiwo banamuhla nokwakhiwa kuka-F.l. URyt, uLekorbysier noMakintosh babejwayelene nemigomo eyinhloko yenhlangano ye-Insior of the Japan kanye nokusebenzisa ngamdlalweni. Sizokwenza ukubhuka ngasikhathi sinye ukuthi ikakhulukazi sinentshisekelo emlandweni wokuthuthuka kwesitayela saseJapan yingaphakathi laseYurophu.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi sekuvele ekuqaleni kweXviiv., Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zaseJapan, sekusungulwe izimiso eziphambili zokwakha nokuklama indlu. Ukuchuma okulinganiselwe komnotho wezwe kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwakha izigodlo eziqinile, izindawo zokuhlala zakwaSamurai kanye nezinqaba ezinamatende amaningi. Ekugcineni, amandla empi aphakathi nendawo ekugcineni aphikisana ekwakhiweni: B1606. U-Himedezi Castle wakhiwa, kwathi ku-nida castle yaseNida edume ngo-1626 eKyoto. Kuyiqiniso, ukwakhiwa kwe-Japan kumazi izinkathi kanye neRenaissance, namashumi eminyaka. Kodwa-ke, silalela izeluleko zembongi enkulu yaseJapan Matsuo Bass: "Musa ukudonsa ezinyathelweni zakudala, kepha funa lokho ababekufuna."
Isikhala njengesiyalo
Isikhala esijabulisayo, esinethezekile futhi esijabulisayo sangesinye sezinto zalowo owayefuna okwasendulo. " Umehluko omkhulu wezangaphakathi kwendabuko yaseJapan kusuka e-European, ifilosofi yalo ekhethekile ingumbuso oyinhloko, ukuhlukahluka. Ingaphakathi lezindlu zaseJapan liyakwazi ukuguqula kalula futhi ngokushesha. Umongo wemibono yaphakade nezimoto (FUEKI RYUKU) enyunyana yamanani amangalisayo ngezimo ezimangalisayo. I-Sweere iyisibonakaliso salo mcabango iba yinhlanganisela yohlaka lwesakhiwo esinqunyelwe sesakhiwo kanye nokuhlukaniswa okushelelayo, okuvumela cishe khona manjalo ukuguqula amahholo asemthethweni emikhosini esondelene kakhulu. Kepha ukuguqulwa akusona ukuphela ngokwako. Ubuhle bezixazululo zendawo yomakhi wangezikhathi zaseJapan ukuhlela kwabo ngokuqinile. Amavolumu e-AIR akhiwe ngohlaka lwamapulangwe aluhlaza acatshangelwa ngokucophelela futhi alulame ngokuya ngokwesakhiwo okujwayelekile kwesakhiwo.
Kuyaphawuleka omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwendlu yaseJapan evela e-Europe - ukungabikho kwesikhungo esiyinhlanganisela esishiwo ngaphakathi. Okuvumela umbukeli ukuthi acabange ngokwakhe, njengoba nje azicabanga ngaso lisendaweni yonke yendawo yonke, ebekwe endaweni yemvelo. Lesi sici sesikhala sokuhlala sokwakha saziswa ukwakhiwa kwanamuhla futhi siwusebenzise ngokuzithandela.
Kukhona futhi amasu okwakha, afanele impela namuhla. Izinto eziphambili nezokwesintu zokwakha kwakukhona ngaso sonke isikhathi isihlahla, lapho kwakuvela khona ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwesipikili esisodwa, kwenziwa isipikili esisodwa. Ukugqagqana kwakungekhona ezindongeni, kodwa kuhlaka. Uhlelo olulula futhi olunengqondo lwama-tectonic lunamathiselwe ukwakheka kokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba. Izinto ezengeziwe zokwakha ezengeziwe, ezingajwayelekile zokwakha zaseYurophu zenziwa iphepha. Qaphela ukuthi izindlu ezivela ezinkuni nasephepheni zazilula ngasikhathi sinye futhi zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zigcinwa zinhle kakhulu iqhwa kanye nokugeza. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kuvula amathuba okuba sekwejwayelekile, ekwenziweni kwezingxenye zokuhlanganisa indlu ngokuya ngemodyuli eyodwa. Umqondo wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kusuka ngokhuni nasephepheni awutholanga izicelo eYurophu, futhi ikakhulukazi eRussia, kodwa waphenduka elula kakhulu esikhaleni sanamuhla sezindlu zanamuhla.
Kusukela esendulo, izindonga zendlu yaseJapan zinemibala emnyama yemvelo emnyama. Efakwe ngaphansi kophahla, iwindi elincane, njengomthetho obheke enyakatho-mpumalanga. Ama-Rims amabili ayabusa, ngoba izindonga zangaphandle ezimbozwe ngephepha (sedzi) ngokusho ngokulingana ngokukhanya kusuka emgwaqweni. Ukuhlolwa kweJapan Brightnight Daylight kuyaphazamisa, kuvimbela ekuqondeni nasekuhloleni lonke uhlobo lwesimo. Kwadlula isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhashana, izindonga zangaphandle zavalwa ngokwahlukaniswa ngokhuni- amado. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihlahla ngaphakathi nangaphandle sahlala singangenile: bitch, imifantu, ukuthungwa kwe-fibrous kwakha umphumela wokuhlobisa wemvelo. Ama-Matties of Tatami ahlanhlamule kanye nesakhiwo esiphambili, kanye nezomnotho. Ukuba nosayizi we-1.80.9m, bakhonza njengemodyuli yepulani yangaphakathi. Isikhala sendlu yaseJapan siphila ngokwemithetho yemvelo, ngokuqhubeka nemvelo yendawo ezungezile futhi kwesinye isikhathi sihlanganisa naye. Ngakho-ke, kaningi ezindongeni kuboniswa izihlahla, izinyoni, izimpophoma ezincane, zivumela ukuhumusha indlu njengengcezu encane yemvelo. Udonga lwangaphandle luyashintsha, ifektri isivele yangempela, izihlahla futhi, iqiniso, uFuji waphakade oba yingxenye yegumbi. Uma ucabanga ngemvelaphi yezindonga zengilazi neminyango yesimanje eshelelayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo, khona-ke ukuxhumana kwalo kofuzo nge-fususum yaseJapan kubonakala. I-FUSUM inguhlukaniso lwangaphakathi lwe-sliding, olunguhlaka lokhuni, oluqiniswe ezinhlangothini zombili ngephepha eliminyene. Ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kuthunyelwa kuma-grooves akhethekile akhona phansi kanye nophahla lwephahla. Umqondo wezindonga ezishelelayo ezasungulwa emalini ethile yesikhala saseJapan futhi wasebenza kakhulu ezikhaleni ezisondele kakhulu zamafulethi anamuhla aseYurophu.
Okunye okulungele thina into yezangaphakathi yaseJapan yisikrini esingaziguqula futhi sithinte isikhala esizizungezile. I-lubrication yendlu shirma iyindawo ethe xaxa ukwedlula ukwahlukanisa. Ukuhlwa okuthambile, ukubusa endlini, kuhlangene ne-fainting fusum futhi unamandla. I-Gilding ibanikeza i-flicker encane, ibonakalisa ukukhanya kwemvelo. I-Gamut Colour Gamut Yezindlu ZaseJapan idalwe ekubalweni kokukhanyisa ngaphandle kwezithunzi nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okungenzeka ngenxa yezindonga eziguqukayo nophahla oluphambili.
UShirma uqukethe ama-sash ambalwa (kungenzeka abe amabili, amathathu noma ngaphezulu). I-sash ngayinye inguqalo noma uzimele wokhuni, oqine ezinhlangothini zombili ngamasilika, amaphepha noma umbhangqwana. Ama-Sheres ahlelwe nge-angle komunye nomunye. Ama-Giants asebangele ama-shrinds ngaphambi kwe-12 kanti ifomu elandisiwe lifinyelele ku-8m. Bapenda i-mascara yabo, bahlobisa ama-motifs akwama komhlaba, ama-calligraphy, okubhaliwe kwezinkondlo ngemuva kwesibonelo nezinyoni nezimbali. Lezi zinto zokuhlobisa izindlu zazinguhlobo lokuqoqwa kwemidwebo namaqoqo wehluzo. Izilinganiso zeShirma zihlala zihlotshaniswa nezilinganiso zendlu, nemidwebo yayo yokuhlobisa cishe esikhaleni esingenalutho iba matasa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, isikrini sisebenza ngokungenamkhawulo - sinemvelaphi yaseChina, kepha kamuva ngokuhamba ngemvelo singena ngaphakathi kwendawo yaseJapan. Uma ukwahlukaniswa kwe-fusum sliding ekuqondeni kwe-Europe kuwudonga olunemibandela kakhulu, isikrini sincane kakhulu odongeni. Iqhaza labo ekwahlukanisweni kwangaphakathi lilinganiselwa kakhulu. Isikhala sihlala sinye, futhi i-shirma ihlukanisa okwesikhashana ingxenye eyodwa noma enye ingxenye yezidingo zayo ezithile (zeholide, ukwamukela, umsebenzi, ukulala).
Njengoba kuphawuliwe, ngokungafani neYurophu, ingaphakathi laseJapan lenziwa njengokungazinzile. Okusho ukuthi, kuya ngesimo, kuvela ezinye izinto egumbini, kanti ezinye zihlanzwa. Ama-aesthetics aseJapan athi: "Konke akudingekile kabi." Kuyacaca ukuthi amaJapan anqotshwa umhlaba ajwayele izinto eziphansi. I-vase eyodwa kuphela, noma i-shirmara eyodwa, noma umqulu one-hieroglyph okubhalwe nge-hierogly. Uma itafula lingeniswa egumbini, khona-ke enye into iyakhishwa. Khumbula ukuthi iziqhingi zaseJapan bezilokhu zithambekele ku-cataclysms yemvelo: ukuzamazama komhlaba, i-tsunami, isivunguvungu. Manje kungani uthola izinto eziningi?
Izakhi ezinzile ezakhelwe ngaphakathi
Ngakho-ke, i-Japan Intentiors, ngokungafani ne-European, yancishwa inani elikhulu lezinto ezinobuhlakani besimo. Indima yefenisha yenziwa niches namazinga amazinga phansi. Esikhaleni esingenalutho esingenalutho futhi samahhala, noma yimuphi umklamo we-laconic noma into eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (ngokwesibonelo, i-niche) ibonakala ngokuzwakalayo. Ubukhulu bezinto buncane. Igumbi lonke libonwa kusuka kwi-Visual Corow etholakala ku-70cm kusuka phansi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuphakama okuphelele kwendlu.Sikweleta izindlu zaseJapan nokunye okutholakele, ngakho-ke kufakwe empilweni yethu yansuku zonke esingacabangi ngemvelaphi yayo. Sikhuluma ngefulethi elifudumele. Abahlali ngokuzimela ngemuva kwezivakashi abacwaningi baseNidz Castle abacwaningi bathola i-chimney emangalisayo ebekwe phansi.
Engxenyeni yaseJapan, sinemfashini namuhla, umbono wokuqothuka wawuzwa futhi wavezwa kuwo wonke amazinga-okuphelele kwabangokomfanekiso. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu kumaJapan nanamuhla wonating kuyinto yezenhlalo. Lo mqondo uhlanganisa isikhundla esicacile sezindawo ezisendlini ngelungu ngalinye lomndeni, kunezindawo ezihlonishwayo, zihlonishwa kancane, kumnikazi wabesifazane, abezi zinceku. Indawo ehlonishwa kakhulu itholakala eduze nokwakheka okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwama-nicheloconomAme amathathu, i-tsuke-isono kanye ne-tigaydan. Le yingxenye eyihlane ede kakhulu yendawo enezinga eliphakeme kakhulu eliphansi.
UNiche Laconism wakhe ugcizelela ubuhle bendiza yodonga, uphahla noma phansi. Anganikeza ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene. Ama-niches aseJapan angenziwa ngendlela yama-rectangles alula noma aqonde mpo. Imvamisa kuba nokwakheka okumangazayo kwama-niches aqonde mpo nasezivundlile.
Ekwakhiweni kwendabuko kwendlu yaseJapan kwakukhona izinhlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-niches. Phakathi kwezinto ezishumekiwe ezishunyekiwe kungabizwa ngokuthi ama-niche akhethekile ngewindi kanye ne-sill yewindows esetshenziselwa ukufundwa nokubhala (tsuke-sy). Bhala niches (Toconom) abekwe ababhemayo, ama-vases anezimbali noma imiqulu yokupenda ne-calligraphy. Imvelaphi kanye nokuba khona kwale nto yezangaphakathi kubuyela emfanekisweni we-altare ethempelini lamaBuddha. Into yesithathu eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yaba amashalofu atholakala ngama-asymmetricals for ezincwadini (Tigaydan). Lezi zinto ezintathu zisatholakala kuzo zonke izinto zangaphakathi zokuhlala futhi zinikezwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, okushiwo okungokomfanekiso. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube namuhla, i-niche yemiqulu noma ababhemayo bagcina ukubaluleka kwayo okungcwele, okungcwele.
I-workshop. Asidlale ngesikhala
Namuhla, sikhohlwa ngombala, ukukhanya nokuhlobisa, sizobhekana nesikhala. Umsebenzi awelona lula, ngoba isikhala asitholakali uqobo.
Okokuqala, ake sizame ukwenza lokho abaculi basemanzini okubizwa ngokuthi yi-slurry. Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kungukuhlelwa okukhulu kwegumbi elenziwe ngephepha noma ngegwebu. Kumele kube mhlophe, kuphela ngakho-ke kuzokwazi ukuzizwa hhayi ubuningi bezinto ezibonakalayo, hhayi ukwakheka kwezindonga noma phansi, kepha umthamo womoya, lezi zindonga zigcwalisa, noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yindawo. Njengoba isikhala esingaqondakali asikho, thatha umsebenzi wethu noma yiliphi igumbi elisithakazelisa futhi lenze izilinganiso ezifanele. Ngemuva kokwenza uhlelo esikalini, sidlulisela lolu hlelo kwikhadibhodi ukuze imitha eyodwa ifanelana ne-3-5 cm. Ezungeze i-perimeter yakha udonga lwephepha. Bese ususe enye yezindonga futhi ... Ukunakwa, umdlalo waqala! Kwavela indlu yemidlwane, ngaphakathi esinquma indawo yokwahlukaniswa okusha okusanda kwakhiwa, ama-niches, anda futhi anciphe kwezinga eliphansi. Siphinde futhi sifeze lezi zinto ephepheni futhi, sihamba ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, sifuna indawo efanelekile kubo bobabili ekwakhekeni nasekulandeleni okulandelayo kwangempela. Sizama ukudala izinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhala: ukusondelana, okuthembekile, kwebhizinisi. Umsebenzi wethu ukuthola isikhala semizwa yakho, indlela yakho yokuphila, indawo yomsebenzi kanye nesikhala sokungcebeleka.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, into esemqoka ukugcina indawo eyodwa enkulu yendlu. Ukuhlukanisa ezikhulwini kuzoba ukwahlukanisa amaselula kanye namazinga waphansi wehla. Lezi zimiso zokwanda zazane ngokwanele ngabaklami bethu. Izinga laphansi lingasetjenziswa ngokuhlukanisa i-Hallway Zone kusuka endaweni yokuhlala, indawo ekhishini ukusuka egumbini lokuhlala noma egumbini lokulala. Iningi lezomnotho kusuka endaweni yokubuka imizamo namathuluzi - asetshenziselwa isikrini sokwakhiwa kwesikhashana. Bakhululekile futhi egumbini lokulala, nasendlini yokuhlala. Uzishintsha nje, uvuseleleke ngezikhathi ezithile ingaphakathi. I-Winterrier, ukukhiqiza isithombe sendawo yokuhlala yaseJapan, kufanele kugcizelelwe ngokuthungwa kwephepha nokhuni. Zonke izinto zokhuni zishiya zinomusa. Ukukhishwa kwenziwa ngeShirma. Kungaba isilika, iphepha, i-wicker, kwesinye isikhathi elahliwe ngokhuni olubunjiwe.
Incwadi Yomklamo WaseRussia-Designer
Tsuke-isono - Engxenyeni yaseJapan ye-niche enewindi ne-sill yewindows, edlala indima yedeski lokufunda nokubhala.
Uhlobo lwenkemba noma Toconoma - Niche, lapho izimbali, ababhemayo, ama-scroll abekwe khona.
Tigaydana - Niche yezincwadi.
Tatami - Ama-Mats okwenziwe ngotshani be-iGussa futhi abe nesendlalelo sotshani belayisi. Kusuka kuTatami athile, umbhede wenziwa lapho umatilasi wekotoni futan ufakwa ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, i-futun ngomunye wamatatilasi wasendulo wemvelo wamathambo.
Isitibujo - Ikhabethe lesinyathelo.
Umgodi - Songa uSofa nge-suton ethambile.
Ifushuka - Ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi. Kwenziwe ngobunye, imvamisa iphepha lerayisi noma amakhadibhodi ohlakeni lwamapulangwe. Embozwe ngomdwebo.
Bbu - Shirma.
Umbuso wezwa - Udonga lwangaphandle lwendlu eyenziwe ngephepha eliminyene ngaphandle kwemidwebo noma amaphethini.
ISan Suery ("Izintaba Zamanzi") - Uhlobo olubanzi lwendawo efanelekile. Imvamisa le nkulumo isetshenziswa nje ukucacisa indawo.