Amakhaphethi: Ukuhlukaniswa, izici, izimfanelo zokusebenza, amathiphu wokunakekelwa okusebenzayo. Umlando wekhaphethi.
Kude kude nezintaba, lapho ukushisa kufunwa, ukudicizelela nokuthile okuthambile, okukhumbuza umuthi omusha. Ngakho-ke, kwase kuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngekhaphethi labajwayele, kodwa futhi kuyimfihlakalo kangako. Izithunzi zazo ezimangazayo, ukwehlukahlukana kwenqwaba ependwe, ama-Arabequ angenakuqhathaniswa sekuyisikhathi eside ekhangelwa yizimfihlo ...
Yini ukhaphethi?
Ikhaphethi ingumkhiqizo (imvamisa i-multicolor, iphethini) ye-Woolen, i-Silk Yarn, imvamisa ngenqwaba. Isetshenziselwa isembozo saphansi, imihlobiso yodonga.Okokuqala, ake sikuthole kunendlela ekhaphethini yehlukile, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ku-tapestry noma mat. Imicu yomugqa ihlelwe ngesisekelo sezindawo. Okufanayo, noma, njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, ngokuthepha imbewu, amafindo awabopha idada avele adonswa ezisekelweni zesisekelo, bese kuba yimfoloko ekhethekile yondliwe komunye nomunye. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezimbali nemihlobiso ziyehluka. Ikhaphethi yenziwa ngamasu abalwe ngokuqinile, ngokunemba kwezibalo. I-tapestry, kunalokho, ngokungqubuzana, akukho ochungechungeni, kunenkululeko ethile kanye nenganekwane emigqeni yephethini.
Hlukana kusuka kumakhaphethi nama-tapestries. Indawo ihlala ngama-mat. Zihlukaniswa ngendlela yezintambo ze-weave (ezifana kakhulu nalezi ezisetshenziswa ngokushaya) kanye ne-Materied-Sibers (eyomile ye-agave). Kepha nokho, kwakuyindlela yekhaphethi, ngakho-ke sizobuyela kuyo.
Uhambo oluncane endabeni enkulu
Owokuqala emlandweni wesintu wavela ezithombeni ezilukiwe emlalweni watholakala ethuneni likaFaro waseTumosiv. Babheka isikhathi sombuso omusha (amakhulu eminyaka we-XVI-XI. BC.). U-Ana Omunye weFrescoes kaBen Hassan wabhalwa ngekhulu leminyaka. Bc E., yonke inqubo yokweluka iboniswa kwifomu lapho sazi khona namuhla.
Osemdala kakhulu wamakhaphethi agciniwe wadalwa ku-V C. Bc e. Izazi zemivubukulo zakuthola ekuvuthweni okudumile kurgan e-Altai, manje kugcinwa eHermitage. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhiqizo kungenzeka ukuthi e-Asiriya, elibonisa ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwamakhaphethi asevele ngesikhathi esikude. Uhlaka lwekhaphethi luhlotshiswe ngomhlobiso omfishane onama-anthropomomorphic kanye nezinto ezisondeza amahhashi (amahhashi egibele amahhashi). Kuyacaca ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-coating alusebenzi hhayi kumhlobiso kuphela, kodwa futhi nomgcini wemininingwane ebalulekile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuqaphela ukuphepha okuhle komkhiqizo - ngesitoreji esifanele, amakhaphethi angaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ngisho nenkulungwane.
Ensimini ye-Asiriya eliphukile, kwavuka umbuso wasePheresiya, wazuza njengefa ubuciko obukhulu bokubandakanya. I-Iran yanamuhla ne-Iraq yanele konke ubukhulu bezandla zasendulo.
Ukuzalwa kwekhaphethi emvelweni yabantu abanovalo kungenxa yezingalo zabo uqobo. Ukusika izinsuku zezulu zezulu ze-Horny ezinamazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-40s athathelwa indawo ubusuku obubandayo (kuze kufike ku-0c). Ukungabikho kwezindawo zokuhlala unomphela waphoqa abantu ukuba balale ematendeni nasematendeni. Isidingo sokufudumeza umhlaba floor ezindaweni ezinjalo zichaziwe. I-radianesss imvamisa yasetshenziswa uvolo. Kamuva kwavela amakenti alukiwe. Ngakho-ke indlela yesintu ekhaphethi ekuqondeni kwakhe kwanamuhla yathatha isikhathi eside. Izinto eziphambili zokwenziwa kwamakhaphethi kwakunguboya bezimvu.
Ngokwesimo, umlando wekhaphethi ungahlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezimbili. I-preferichene yokuqala, lapho zenziwa izidingo zomndeni owodwa (noma abazali). Ekushintsheni komkhiqizo ogqokile futhi uphonswe imikhiqizo nje izindwangu ezintsha. Amakhaphethi alesosikhathi ahlukile ngosayizi amancane futhi ancishiswe kakhulu - kusukela nge-40 kuye ku-180ises nge-skwele eyisikwele. Imikhiqizo yadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ngezizukulwane ezinohlobo olulodwa noma umndeni, nonkulunkulu womakoti noma ozuzwa njengefa. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sentsha yekhaphethi, kwesinye isikhathi kwakukhona ama-oda asemthethweni okusalela, amahholo we-parade, ama-mosque. Kepha ukuphela kwethuba lekhaphethi lokuhamba ibanga elikhulu kwakuzoba kwelinye izwe ngendlela yesipho noma sokuhlengwa, uDani. Amacala anjalo avumelana, akunakwenzeka ukubizwa njengokujwayelekile.
Isikhathi sesibili sekhaphethi, sokuhweba, ekugcineni senzeka phakathi kwe-XIX kanye nenhlanganisela yokukhiqizwa komshini, okususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwebhukwana, okuvela ekuvuseleleni amakhono amasha ezokuthunyelwa kanye nokwenza kusebenze ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Isikhathi se-WTO siphakamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamakhaphethi, okuhloswe nje ukuthengiswa. Kakade maphakathi kwaleli khulu leminyaka, ukuhweba kwangaphandle ngale mikhiqizo kuba yigatsha lomnotho wezwe, ngokwesibonelo, i-Persia-First Massive Press.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ubuciko bokuchuma kwe-carpetdom buyenzeka. Imali ehehwa embonini, ngokwemvelo, yadala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukisa ubuciko. Kepha ukuvuselelwa kwekhaphethi kungakapheli. Maduze nje "shaft" onamandla "onamandla wokufunwa usushintshe imigomo yalolu buciko obuhlungu. Amakhaphethi adinga okuningi, futhi kukhanya, ukuheha ukunakwa kwabathengi. Imibuzo esezingeni eliphakeme yaqala ukubuyela emuva ngemuva. Ukuvela kwamapende we-aniline, ukwenza lula kakhulu futhi kuncishiswe izinqubo zezobuchwepheshe zamakhaphethi nazo zibambe iqhaza elikhulu. Ukulingiswa kwamakhaphethi aseMpumalanga aqala ukukwenza eYurophu nase China.
Uqede isikhathi sethu sokuvakasha esifushane sendaba entsha. Namuhla, i-geography yamakhaphethi ibanzi kakhulu. Amakhaphethi weLureadea akhiqizwa eduze kwaseMoscow Lyrubrertsy. Vasia, China, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, India. I-VAFRIKE - Tunisia. I-PRENOP- FRANCE, Belgium, Germany. Siphawula isici esibalulekile: iningi lamakhaphethi aseYurophu neyaseRussia enziwa ezimweni zefekthri, imikhiqizo yase-Asia ikakhulukazi yehlukile ngesandla.
Ukuhlela ngohlobo oluthile
Kuyafaneleka ukuhlukanisa amakhaphethi ngendlela yokwenziwa. Ngemuva kwalokho iqembu lokuqala lenza imikhiqizo yenziwe ngokuphelele. Lapha, sizothatha namakhaphethi enziwe kule ndlela ebizwa ngokuthi yi-tuffing inqubo, okuzoxoxwa ngayo. Indlela yesibili yi-Manifct (imikhiqizo idalwe ngesigamu ngesandla). Umshini omncane, manje ovame kakhulu, lapho zonke izinqubo zezobuchwepheshe zisebenza.Konke kumakhaphethi wemvelo ahlukaniswe inqwaba nasendlini yokuphumula. Ungenasiphelo, futhi, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili: i-kilima ne-sumora. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhaphethi okuphumula avele ekuqaleni kwe-v c. n. e. Amagama abo amahle aseMpumalanga asho kuphela izici zobuchwepheshe. I- "Progenitor" yekhaphethi yokuphumula yi-mat, eyokuqala emlandweni wesintu ungaphandle kwenhlanganisela. Kuliqiniso, endulo yakudala, ufana kakhulu nekhaphethi yenqwaba yakhe enamathiselwe isisekelo se-wicker ngosizo lwezindawo.
I-Kilim - i-rover eyenziwe ngezandla, hhayi ubuchwepheshe, okungukuthi, uhlangothi olungalungile. Ukuthayipha Umbala wentambo, ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlanganiswa okutholwa yi-bolateral. I-ornament yakhiwa kusetshenziswa ama-node abonakalayo ngokuhlolwa kokunaka. I-Kilim ayikwazi ukuqondiswa phansi kuphela, kepha futhi isebenzisa njengendwangu yetafula, umbhede, ukudonsa. Ukuntuleka kwenqwaba kukuvumela ukuthi ubeke ifenisha esindayo kuyo ngaphandle kokubandlulula ebusweni. I-kilima imvamisa amaphaphu kakhulu futhi imane ihlanzwe. Zenziwe kuphela ngesandla, ezizenza zihlukile futhi zibiza kakhulu.
Olunye uhlobo lwamakhaphethi okuphumula ama-Summa. Ekwakheni umhlobiso, intambo eyakha umhlobiso isuka ngasesisekelweni ngesimo sengulube, ukuphela kwayo okukhonjiswa ngakolunye uhlangothi. Umphumela ubangelwa, njengomthetho, ube nezinhlangothi zobuso nangobuchwepheshe.
Amakhaphethi wezinqwaba namuhla athandwa kakhulu. Kumiswa inqwaba ethambile, yakhiwa emaphethelweni angaphandle emicu ehambisana namaqhubu. Zisikwa, noma zishiya ziqinile.
Ubuchwepheshe
Ekuqaleni, amakhaphethi enziwe ngesandla. Thes kubo ohlakeni olujwayelekile lwamapulangwe. Umhlobiso wabahleli beziqubungi bagcinwa bekhumbula, bedlula "i -ruk yesandla". Kamuva, kwavela amaphethini akhethekile, afakwe kumadada. Imodeli ingasebenza ukhaphethi olungiselelwe.
Namuhla, le ndlela ebizwa ngokuthi yi-tuffing yathola ukusaba, lapho ama-pile nyubutela "adubula" ngesisekelo se-pistol ekhethekile. Le ndlela ibuye yacatshangelwa ukuthi iyincwadi.
Ngokufika kokuqala kwe-Weashing Awenuls, inqubo yokwenza amakhaphethi sekenze ngokwengeziwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi ngokwemvelo kwanda, noma kulimaza ubunye bemikhiqizo. Ibanga elisekude kusuka efekelini kwathuthukiswa ifektri, isisindo. Umshini womshini wanamuhla usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva bekhompyutha futhi ungakhiqiza kabusha umsebenzi wezandla, ulingisa ukungahambisani komuntu kwe-ornament.
Akukaziwa ukuthi kungani, kepha kusukela ku-xixvek, uphawu lwekhwalithi yekhaphethi lubhekwa njengobukhulu obuphezulu. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukunyezwa kungukujwayelekile kobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, okufanayo, ngokwesibonelo, ubukhulu noma ubukhulu. Kunqunywa ngenani lama-nodule ngasinye se-skwele eyisikwele (kwesinye isikhathi imitha yesikwele, centimeter noma amayintshi).
Indlela elula yokubala ubukhulu uqobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ohlangothini olungafanele lwekhaphethi, ulinganise isikwele sesikwele bese ubala wonke amaqhubu kuwo avela emigqeni. Inkomba enkulu kakhulu yezinye izikhathi ingadala ukucekelwa phansi kwekhaphethi yomkhiqizo kuzokwehla ama-bend (ngokwesibonelo, uma kuhlalwa uma kuhlalwa ukuwa), futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuyigcina.
Izinto zokwakha
Njengoba sekushiwo, izinto eziphambili nezingcono kakhulu zamakhaphethi ezikhathini zasendulo zinguboya bezimvu beqiniso. I-INXXEK, ngenxa yemikhiqizo eshibhile, ukotini, ifilakisi nezinto ezifanayo zaqala ukufaka isicelo. Okwenziwa amakhaphethi odonga olubizayo ku-silk endala esetshenzisiwe.Akuwona wonke uboya ofanele ikhaphethi elihle. Enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu yi-wool "Gazni", ifakwe ephuculwe ephulukiswa yewundlu le-afghan leminyaka yonke. Ekuseni, umholi ekhapheni waba yiNew Zelaland Wool, enobungane, obuncane, obuqinile, obumhlophe, abamhlophe futhi bathambile ekuthintweni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amandla oboya ngqo ancike ekudleni kwezimvu. Ukuhlolwa kwesiteleka se-Animal Wood Stger kuncipha futhi kungase kwehle. Ikhwalithi yokugeza umkhiqizo oqediwe nayo idlala ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ophelile. Ikhaphethi egezwe kahle ayinamenzi izimbotshana zezimvu, cishe ayifihli futhi igcina ukuqina kwesilika isikhathi eside. Namuhla, abahleli baya ngokuya bebhekene nezinto zokufakelwa. Akuyona imfihlo yokuthi amakhaphethi okwenziwa ngezimpawu eziningi aphansi kwemvelo. Manje kunezinzuzo ezithile: Kulula ukuhlanza, kunesisindo esincane, kushibhile. Inani lezinto zokwenziwa ezisetshenzisiwe likhulu impela: I-Suprim, Viscose, Terclone, Polyamide, njll. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi be-carpets zokwenziwa, enye yezindawo eziholayo ingeye-belgium, le mikhiqizo imelelwa kakhulu emakethe yaseRussia. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhaphethi zokwenziwa zaseBelgian namaFrance ziyatholakala ezitolo ze-Cart House e-Moscow Carpet Company.
Amadayi ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: okwemvelo namakhemikhali. Izilwane zemvelo zivela noma amaminerali. Izinto zokufaka imibala ngokweqile zisasetshenziswa. Ungashayela, ngokwesibonelo, i-purpur ikhishwe kusuka kuma-mollusks asemanzini. Izimfanelo zokusebenza kwamadayi emvelo ziphakeme impela: azihlali elangeni futhi ziyehluka ngombala wemvelo, omuhle.
Isikhathi eside, u-Anilina wabuswa phakathi kwemibala yamakhemikhali yezindwangu. Kusungulwe ngo-1847, baqala ukusakazeka ngokushesha kwathi ngo-1853 base befika e-Iran. Kungamadayi we-aniline avunyelwe ukuhlinzeka ukukhiqizwa kwezikhadeli emijahweni yezimboni. Kuliqiniso, ekuqaleni, lezi zinto azikakakwazi ukukulungisa, futhi zageleza emanzini. Kepha inkinga yaxazululwa ngokuphelele kuma-20 emikhunde emikhulu edlule. Abasengozini kakhulu ngomqondo wokuncibilikisa imibala ebomvu newolintshi.
Ukhaphethi njengendlela yokutshala imali
Njengotshalomali olunenzuzo lwemali, amakhaphethi atholakala endaweni ehlonishwayo ye-15, phakathi kwefenisha yasendulo neminye imidwebo yakudala. Kodwa-ke, khumbula: Kubiza kuphela ukuthi kubiza kakhulu. Konke okunye - kusuka ku- "Lubertsy" yesimanje kuya ku- "Belgium" yanamuhla - kuzoqala ukushibhile kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlola isheke. Ukuze ungabi se-acclating, thola imikhiqizo eyingqayizivele yevintage noma yombhali wanamuhla.Namuhla, ukupenda kwe-aniline kudilizwa kancane kancane yi-polymer nokwenziwa, okungadingi ukulungiswa futhi ungalahli. Isizukulwane sanamuhla, sesithathu sikadayi-chrome. Ngokwezakhiwo, zicishe zihlupheke kusuka kumvelo, kepha hhayi ngombala onamanzi kangako.
Ukusongoza icebo
Umdwebo ungenye yezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi ukhaphethi, noma ngabe kuyisithiyo sokuvuselelwa noma i-Lyubertsy. Umlando wokubukwa komlando Isimo sibukeka kanjena: Eminyakeni yase-Eastern Middle Ages, isithombe esikhulu sasingumhlobiso; E-stylization yaseYurophu ngomoya we-Ampire noma iRococo, iphethini yezimbali noma isithombe esinemininingwane. Izithombe zesimanje zejometri ebabazekayo kumakhaphethi ezingezokwakheka zokuhlobisa izindiza.Endulo, umhlobiso akazange adlale indima yokuhlobisa. Yini ebonakala isethi yezigcawu kanye nama-romboseses angaba nencazelo ejulile esondelene.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uhlobo lomhlobiso lomhlobisi wekhaphethi luhlotshaniswa nokwenqatshelwa kwamaSulumane ukuveza umuntu. Kepha emva kwakho konke, umhlobiso wavuka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwe-Islam. Kungaba, lolu hlobo lwesithombe lungenxa yenqubo yokuluka ngebhukwana, lapho izinto zangempela nezithombe kufanele ziklembise khona, zenze lula, zibanikeze amafomu ejometri. Kukhona enye inguqulo: imihlobiso yabahedeni yayinawo, njengomthetho, incazelo yesiko. I-AmitVolo eyethulwe amaSulumane igcinile izinhloso zobuqaba zobuciko. Kodwa-ke, inani lezithombe eziningi manje sesiyazi. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zelanga ziyimibuthano elula, imibuthano enemisebe nezinkanyezi ezenziwe ngesitayela - zifanekisela ukuchuma; Kuvunguza kuvumelana namanzi, oasis; Uphawu lwamanzi lubili izithombe zedada lezithombe; Izimpondo zisho iqhawe lezinganekwane zezizwe eziningi.
I-Islam iguqule kakhulu ulimi lwesibonakaliso. Manje ibhulashi yesandla seliphenduke umfanekiso we- "Dlalan Allah." Kuyaziwa umkhiqizo otshela i-hajj ibe yi-mecca ngokuningiliziwe. Ngisho nezici zezindawo zohambo ziyabonakala ngisho nomhlobiso. Lolu hlobo lwekhaphethi luthole igama le-maraz.
Namuhla, izintambo ezikhethiwe zihlobisa ngokuphelele. Kumangaza ingcebo yazo zonke izinhlobo zemihlobiso - ama-arabesque anamagama anjalo anezipayisi, njenge- "Cashmere", "uTheshi", "uBakhtiz", "uTaj Mahal", "uTaj Mahal", "Nin, "Kimman" njll. Kukhona futhi okuqhubekayo komhlobiso mgqila, kugoqwe phezu kwamakhulu eminyaka: "Bakhtiyar" - Ingadi Yepharadesi, "Koba" - DOME, njll.
Iqembu elilandelayo lezithombe zokutayela kwaseYurophu. Amasu aseMpumalanga avele eYurophu emakhulwini eminyaka we-XVII-XVIII, ngemuva kwalokho ahlala eguqulwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zemfashini, ukunambitheka, amasiko. Inqaba eboniswe i-baroque, i-amprir, i-rococo, i-classicism, yesimanje. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umhlobiso wekhaphethi njengokungathi ugxile ezintweni ezijwayelekile zezitayela. Lo mkhuba uyakhula namhlanje. Kuliqiniso, izitayela nezinkomba zihunyushelwa ebusweni bemikhiqizo, njengamanje ubuchwepheshe obuphakeme, ubuchwepheshe, izwe, i-safaris. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bakha imiklamo yabo yokuklama, yakha amaqoqo noma imigqa yangempela. Ukukhetha okucebile kwamaqoqo kungabonakala endlini ye-Russian Trade House House. Izindawo ezi-Knamore ezingacacile zifaka amakhaphethi wokufakelwa eBelgian (i-laguna ne-arte imigqa).
I-Arte iyinhlangano ebabazekayo emoyeni yabaculi abakhulu beXXVek juan Mirino, Pablo Picasso, Vasily Kandinsky, KaZasimir Malevich nabanye. Umugqa weSerengeti, ohlonishwayo ngokuhlonipha ugwadule lwegama elifanayo, ehlanganisa izinhloso zemihlobiso yase-Afrika emikhakheni eBhula. Uchungechunge olunelukuluku nochungechunge lwePinto, ngesizotha isibonakaliso sekhaphethi ka-motopy de Voyage futhi, yiqiniso, idolobha lezingane legolide kanye nesikole sethrafikhi.
Idizayini yamakhaphethi wanamuhla icebe kakhulu kangangokuba wonke umthengi uzokwazi ukwenza isinqumo esihle ngokuya ngokunambitheka, amathuba kanye nengaphakathi elisunguliwe. Sizozama kuphela ukugubha ezinye izindlela namuhla.
Isikolo sokugcina sibomvu okuvundlile. Noma ngabe kukhona ulaka oluthile futhi iqiniso lokuthi "uthatha ngokweqile." Ungamisa ezinguqulweni ezinzima kakhulu, amathoni e-pastel we-pastel-linen asatholakala ngemfashini. Namanje kufanelekile ngemikhiqizo ehlotshiswe ngayo. Bangaphansi komhlaba wonke, bangena kalula kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi futhi abazibaziseki, okungukuthi, ngendlela yabo yentando yeningi. Inkampani yekhaphethi ye-Moscow (ZALEGOROROGRAD) ibheka imikhiqizo ye-Economy Class. Lezi akuzona izinhlobo ezibizayo ezibizayo, kepha imikhiqizo engazisoli ukushintsha okusha. Imfashini nangesikhathi esifanayo izixazululo ezingabizi zethulwa ngabathengi baseRussia abanamakhaphethi anodonga olwangewona kanye nowokwenziwa. Imivimbo yokwakheka kwe-design bayehluka ngemisebenzi emincane ebizayo. Ngamanye amagama, ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi namuhla kuvame amakhophi ama-copyright nama-vintage amasampula.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi "amakhaphethi" acwengekileyo ", avele ngokuthuthuka komshini. Ngenxa yokucela izinwele ezikhethekile zezinwele, indawo yazo ingathola ukwakheka kosizo. Kwesinye isikhathi, noma kunjalo, amakhaphethi "acwebezelayo adalwe ngesandla, futhi ukuphakama kwenqwaba kungaba ngu-10-15 cm.
Imakethe yanamuhla inikezela ngensizakalo ekhethekile yamakhaphethi emidwebo yamakhasimende. Ngendlela, abahlobisi bezangaphakathi bavame ukuphendukela kulolu hlobo lwenkonzo. Ngaphezu komdwebo, ungakhetha usayizi nokwakheka komkhiqizo, ukuphakama kwenqwaba, ukuqina kanye namanye amapharamitha.
Amathiphu kumthengi
Isitayela. Engaphakathi kwe-minimalist, ukhaphethi ukulingisa umlolo azofakwa kahle. Ukuthungwa kwayo okulula nemibala yemvelo kuhambelana kahle nezitayela eziningi zesimanje. I-AESLEY Ungumuntu othanda ukushisa nenduduzo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukwazisa ukuthamba ngawo wonke umuzwa wegama, uzobe ulungele imikhiqizo yoboya neyasesigabeni. Isibonelo, i-Iranian, ePakistan noma iNdiya, ngemihlobiso nemibala yendabuko. "Amakhaphethi anjalo" ngokomlando alungile kuma-Interiors ohlobo lwe-classic. Kuyaqapheleka uchungechunge lwesiFulentshi lwemikhiqizo yoWomperial Woolen, eyenziwe ngokususelwa ku-Obusson Vintage Carpets yakudala.
Isitoreji. Onke amakhaphethi esaba ngamanzi, amanzi abilayo, ilanga namabhu. I-Eleaches ingagwenywa uma iphelele futhi isheshe imikhiqizo esomile ngemuva kokuhlanza imanzi futhi ungazifaki emisebeni yelanga elifanele. Uma ukhaphethi ugcinwe kwivolumu evaliwe (ngokwesibonelo, egumbini elilodwa), izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka owabelana ngalo, sebenzisa nakwa-Naphthalalene noma izindlela zesimanje zokuvikelwa emabhuloyeni.
Ukuhlanza. Leli yibhizinisi elinomthwalo wemfanelo. Ngakho-ke uma ungumnikazi ojabulayo we -lim yasendulo, thintana kangcono nochwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ama-carpets aleveli anjalo awavamisile ukuwela ezandleni ezingahleliwe, futhi abaqoqi bavame ukuba nobudlelwano obusondelene nababukeli.
Uma ungumnikazi wekhaphethi obizayo womsebenzi wanamuhla, ungazihlanza wena. Lapha kwaziswa ngendlela yokuhlanza iqhwa. Estate the carpet eqhweni elisha, uthele phezu komhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho hambisa ibhulashi ngezindlela ezihlukile, uphonsa iqhwa elingcolisiwe bese ulifaka okusha. Into esemqoka ukukhumbula ukuthi amakhaphethi woboya awolukiwe asaba kakhulu amanzi ashisayo, ikakhulukazi amanzi abilayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho qhwa eseduze, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ukhaphethi ngamanzi abandayo angathathi hlangothi, uqala ngokwemvelo ekhoneni. Ehlobo, kwangqongqoza futhi womisa umkhiqizo ebusweni belanga ngaphakathi, ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa ngamandla.
Kwesinye isikhathi ungathela usawoti omncane othuli ebusweni (umunca uthuli kahle). Ngemuva kwalokho kulula ukuyikhipha ngesicoci se-vacuum. Kepha akufanele ihlukunyezwe yilokhu, ngoba lapho ihlanza ukhaphethi ohlangothini lwangaphambili, kungenzeka ilimaze inqwaba. Kungcono ukukhiqiza ngesihlanza se-vacuum ngesicoci se-vacuum, lapho, ngendlela, sithanda ukulungisa imvukuzane.
Uma kwenzeka kungcoliswa kakhulu, izixazululo zensipho ezikhanyayo zamukelekile kakhulu ngokuhlanganiswa nebhulashi, elinomswakama ngesisombululo se-dennature noma i-ammonia. Ukuhlanzwa okuqinile kwekhaphethi kunezindlela eziningana. Imikhiqizo yoboya emsulwa igezwa kahle emanzini anosawoti ngokufakwa kotshwala be-ammonia. Usuqedile inqubo, ukhaphethi ulenga ngentambo futhi ahlanze ekunisweni kwamanzi anisela nge-acetic escence (isipuni samalitha ayi-5). Uma kukhona izindawo ezinamafutha ebusweni, kufanele zisuswe ekuhlanzeni okujwayelekile ngamanzi afudumele ne-ammonia (1: 1 solution). I-Hemp, i-jute neminye imikhiqizo engeyona eyobiwe akufanele igezwe, ngoba ingozi ukuthi impova. Kungcono ukuzihlanza nge-vacuum cleaner, inyakazisa noma ungqongqoze. Izikhala ezivela ezingxenyeni zazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhaphethi zihoxisiwe ngophethiloli.
Ukubuyiselwa. Uma kunezimbobo ezincane kukhaphethi, ukubuyiselwa okulula komkhiqizo kusuka ohlangothini olungalungile kuvunyelwe. Indawo yokuphumula ingaphindwa kabili nge-canvas noma ukungena ngemvume. Kodwa-ke, umgomo oyinhloko wanoma yikuphi ukubuyiselwa, njengomuthi, awunangozi! Ungenzi lutho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulungisa. Akunakwenzeka ukunqamula ukhaphethi lonke. Uma okungenani unokukholwa okuncane okuthi ukhaphethi wakho uhlukile, xhumana nochwepheshe.
Imakethe yaseMoscow kovrov
| Umthengisi | Ukukhiqiza Izwe | Into uqobo lwayo | Intengo 1M2, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indlu yekhaphethi. (amakhaphethi ezenziwe ngezandla) | Iyini | uvolo | kusuka ku -300 |
| usilika | OT750 | ||
| I-france | uvolo | OT250 | |
| ama-Synthetics | I-74-500 | ||
| I-belgium | uvolo | 204-870 | |
| ama-Synthetics | 62-300 | ||
| Indawo ebabazekayo | uvolo | OT240. | |
| "Umgwaqo kasilika" (amakhaphethi ezenziwe ngezandla) | Iyini | uvolo | kusuka ku -350 |
| usilika | kusuka ngo-1000. | ||
| Izitsha zokudlela zebumba uqobo | uvolo | OT200 | |
| usilika | kusuka400 | ||
| Indawo ebabazekayo | uvolo | OT200 | |
| I-India, Nepal | uvolo | kusuka ku -150 | |
| usilika | OT200 | ||
| "Ukhaphethi oasis" (amakhaphethi ezenziwe ngezandla) | Iyini | uvolo | OT500. |
| usilika | kusuka ku-1000. | ||
| Indawo ebabazekayo | uvolo | OT250 | |
| I-India, Nepal | uvolo | OT230. | |
| "Inkampani kaRoscow Carpet" (amakhaphethi womshini womshini) | Iyini | Uboya (30%) | I-58-82 |
| usilika | OT545. | ||
| ama-Synthetics | OT34. | ||
| Ipolitiki | ama-Synthetics | 19-41 | |
| I-belgium | ama-Synthetics | kusuka ku -20 | |
| Yugoslavia | Uboya (30%) | kusuka41 | |
| I-India, Nepal | uvolo | OT58. | |
| I-Saudi Arabia | ama-Synthetics | 26-31 | |
| Moldova | Uboya (30%) | 17-20. | |
| IBelorussia | uvolo | 29. | |
| Uboya (50%) | ishumi nesithupha | ||
| ama-Synthetics | ishumi nane | ||
| IsiRussia | uvolo | ishumi nesithupha | |
| ama-Synthetics | 14-15 | ||
| "Salon of the parade ingaphakathi" (amakhaphethi womshini womshini) | I-Thailand | Uboya (30%) | I-700-1000 |
| usilika | 1600-2000 | ||
| a acrylic | 450-700 |
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga ngosizo lokulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nenhlangano yezithombe design studio "UZili", Isitayela Sezinsuku ZesiJalimane ".