Izibonelo zokulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephansi. Izizathu zokuvela kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomshado wokwakha.
Mhlawumbe, wonke umnikazi wefulethi ulungisa amehlo ngenhloso eqinile yokubheka ngokucophelela inkambo yomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ezakhiweni ezichotshoziwe, zibheka ukuthi izicathulo zenza kanjani indlela yazo, kwenziwa ukwakheka okusha kwamapayipi amanzi, futhi izindonga emehlweni abo zimbozwe ngezendlalelo ze-tutty, ikhasimende livame ukulahleka. Ulwazi lwakhe lokwakha ngokusobala alukwanele ukunquma ukunemba kwalesi sinqumo noma leso sinqumo samukelwa yibo noma sibekwe ngokulungiswa. Ekupheleni kweziphetho, isifiso sokulawula isinyathelo ngasinye sosonkontileka sehla noma kumiswe ama-quidets amancane, noma ukukhishwa kwenqubo e-Samonek. Kuliqiniso, ngethemba elinethemba lokulungisa amaphutha esigabeni sokugcina sokulungiswa.
Kepha lapho ifulethi lithola ukubukeka okuthe xaxa noma okuqeda okuncane, kuqeda umshado wokwakha noma iphutha lephrojekthi kuzocishe kube nzima (futhi, kunoma yikuphi, kubiza kakhulu). Ukuze wenze lokhu, empeleni, kuzofanele uqale ukuqala konke: Susa iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni, uphinde ufake izindonga, punch izicathulo ezintsha nezinto zokuphumula zezitolo zikagesi, njll. Kepha ukubona ukunqotshwa kwakho bese uqala ukuguqulwa komhlaba wonke, ungena ngecala elide nosonkontileka, akuyena wonke umuntu okwaziyo. Kahle, uma "amakhosi" avuma futhi azokwazi ukufihla amaphutha akhona.
Efulethini lapho izithombe ezinyatheliswa kulawa makhasi zenziwe, imiphumela yokulungisa yaphenduka yaba nzima kakhulu. Ukwahlulela ngekhwalithi nezindleko zezinto zokuqedela (iminyango yase-Italy, ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kwethayela, imingcele eminingi, njll.) Futhi inani elibalulekile lokuvuselela kabusha (ukuxhumana kwamabhasikidi, umsebenzi we Isigaba esiphakeme sakhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, ekugcineni, ngenxa yamaphutha amaningi nomshado wokwakha, efulethini kubukeka sengathi ukulungiswa kwalo kwenziwa ngokungabizi kabi futhi akubizi. Kepha kulokhu, inani eliphelele lomsebenzi wokuqeda umsebenzi akufanele lidlule ama- $ 5,000, futhi empeleni kuphela ekukhokhweni kwamakhosi amabutho aphezulu kathathu.
Ukuhlushwa endaweni eyodwa yemishado namaphutha anjalo kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokucabanga ngezizathu zokubukeka kwazo.
Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamabakaki ezokwakha phakathi kwe-plinth kanye nodonga [2] . Zivela uma izindonga ziqondaniswe kabi. Ngokuvamile, ukungahambi kahle okuncane, okubushelelezi ngezingqinamba ze-tutty futhi uzibonakalise ikakhulukazi ngokukhanyisa okulandelayo, kwesinye isikhathi kuvunyelwe [3] . Isibonelo, uma udonga lutholakala ngendlela yokuthi ukukhanya (okungokwemvelo noma okwenziwe ngemvelo) kuwe ngawo ngama-engeli angakwesokudla. Kepha ezindaweni zokunamathiselwa kwe-plinth, indiza kufanele ibe bushelelezi ngokuphelele, ngoba iplastiki yepulasitiki ayikwazi ukwenza kube lula kokungahambi kahle, njengephepha noma iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni.
Ukucacisa ukuthi i-plinth izojoyina odongeni ngokuqinile, kuyadingeka ukunamathisela ibha ngisho noma umugqa okhethekile wokuhlola ngaphambi kokunamathela ku-wallpaper noma ukupenda noma kulayini okhethekile wokuhlola, mhlawumbe ubude be-1.5 m. UJesl phakathi kwakhe nodonga luzoba nemifantu ngaphezu kwe-1-2mm, kudingeka ufune ukuthi indiza yedwa.
Kuhle ukubheka yonke indawo efulethini. Izindlu ezihlangene zinaka ngokukhethekile emakhoneni phakathi kwamaphaneli nokuhlukaniswa. Ukonakalisa imibandela emalungeni amalunga, inyoka, egula ama-engeli ukugwema ukuvela kwemifantu, futhi izingqimba ezingeziwe ze-tutty zivame ukuholela eqinisweni lokuthi emagumbini alokwakhiwa ngu-2-5 cm.
Kuvela izinkinga ezifanayo lapho iminyango yangaphakathi isuswa. Izilayidi phakathi kwepulangwe kanye nodonga zibonisa ukuthi indiza ezungeze umnyango yayiqondaniswe kabi. Imvamisa, abadwebi, basiza umsebenzi wabo, badinga ukuthi amapulangwe abethelwe noma anamathele ngasikhathi sinye ngokufakwa kweminyango. Lapho-ke izikhala ezikhona zilula kakhulu ukugqoka nge-putty, futhi zizobe zingafinyeleleki. Kuliqiniso, ngemuva komnyango ombalwa ukotini ozungezile, imifantu izovela, bese ibeka i-putty. Kepha lokhu kuzokwenzeka ekugcineni kokulungiswa, lapho umsebenzi uzokwamukelwa futhi akekho umuntu oba nezikhalazo.
Ukubambelela emasikweni, empeleni, kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha i-plinth. Kodwa-ke, akudingekile ukungazinaki izici ezinjengokuhlanganiswa kwayo ngesimo nombala nezinye izinto zezangaphakathi, amapulangwe, ifenisha [Kune] . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- "EuropLoplutus" ibingasondela kangcono, izingxenye zazo ezingakwazi ukwenza ngaphezulu kwezibambo. U-Asleh, ubengahlangana nomnyango wase-Italy ngombala (ingxenye yawo ephansi iyabonakala esithombeni), ngokubambisana babezokwakha umjikelezo owodwa, igumbi elivumelanayo. Lokhu kwenziwa kanjani kwelinye ifulethi. [12] . Qaphela ukuthi ifenisha engenisiwe ivame ukungabi nalutho kumaphaneli angemuva ahambelana ne-plinth yasekhaya. Ifenisha enjalo ayinakuvalwa odongeni, eveza ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo.
Elinye iphutha elibi elibonakalayo esithombeni [Kune] - Lokho ngomnyango ovaliwe ngendlu yangasese yangaphandle, kwafika phansi kwaphansi. Uma umnyango uvulwe, futhi hhayi ngaphakathi, i-sash izoba ngaphezulu komngcele wephansi futhi uthayela oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngeke abonakale. Akukacaci ukuthi kungani ungamukeli isinqumo esisobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungashintsha uhlangothi lokuvulwa komnyango lula oluseduze nalo konke okungasebenzi.
Phansi kwendlu yokugezela kuphakanyisiwe okuhlobene nezinga eliphelele lefulethi. Lesi sixazululo samukeleka kakhulu ngokulungiswa okungabizi ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa kabusha. Ukuze ugweme ukushintsha izinga lesitezi, kuzofanele udilize futhi wakhe kabusha indlu yokugezela noma wenze ukuvumelanisa kodaka ngosayizi obukhulu be-5 kuye ku-10 cm. Qaphela ukuthi isitezi sokuqala segumbi lokugezela eline-ling (cishe elingama-5 cm) empini ezungeze i-perimeter eziningana zivimbela ifulethi ezikhukhubeni. Ukulalela le ngozi, ingozi ethile yayo ihlala inokulungiswa kwe-Ultra-Plate, isakhiwo esinjalo ngeke sivumele lonke igumbi kusuka ku-50 kuye kwayi-150 amalitha. Kodwa-ke, lapho kulungiswa, uhlangothi ngokwalo luvame ukusikwa (esithombeni [Kune] Ilahlekile), noma phakamisa phansi ezingeni layo. Kuvela ukuthi ngisho nangomphumela wenkinga encane ye-mixer noma umshini wokuwasha, amanzi avela egumbini lokugezela ngokushesha aphuthuma emgodini. Ngakho-ke, u-Aon akanayo ungqimba olungenamanzi, ngakho-ke, kukhona usongo lokuvuza ezitezi ezingezansi. Asikhulumi ngezinto ezinjengokuphumelela kokukhuphuka kwamanzi (noma ngabe phansi kuphakeme) noma ingozi yokuphahlazeka. Vele, izehlakalo ezinjalo azivamile, kepha imiphumela yazo ingaba sina kakhulu. Kulesi simo samanje, kuzodingeka ukuthi uphinde ulungise efulethini lakho, ebubini obubi kakhulu - uyikhokhela phansi phansi. Isibonelo, uma izinguquko ezenziwe ngokulungiswa kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi bezingavunyelwana ne-MVK (njengoba kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu).
Ukuze ungazibeki engcupheni, udinga noma wenze uhlangothi olusha (kepha khona-ke ukususwa kwesitezi esidala kuvame ukuncishiswa okushiwo), noma kushiye igumbi lokugezela elihlobene neleveli yefulethi. Ithuba elinjalo livela ngenxa yokuqondanisa okukhohlisayo (empeleni kwenziwa ngenhlokodolobha ngayinye noma, uma ufuna ukuvuselela), okuvuselela izinga eliphansi lamasentimitha amaningi. I-screed yenziwa kuleli gulu. Kuyazi, phansi egumbini lokugezela kungancishiswa.
Isidingo sokufihla umngcele phakathi kwephaphu nethayela ngombundu we-aluminium futhi kufakazele kahle ikhwalithi yomsebenzi. Empeleni, lezi zigqebhezo zokuhlobisa zenzelwe ukumboza amalunga ekhaphethi, i-laminate, i-linoleum kanye nokuxhuma kwalezi zinto zokwakha nge-parquet noma amathayili. Ngokulungiswa okungabizi, ukuqondisisa phansi kwephansi akwenziwanga, futhi amaconsi amancanyana avunyelwe ezindaweni zoshintsho kusuka kolunye uhlobo lokuqeda komunye. Ukuqhakaza amalunga afanayo kufanele kubekwe ngokuqinile ngaphansi komnyango. Ngemuva kwalokho, nge-sash evaliwe, abonakale. Kepha imasking ye-tile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuma emnyango ikunoma yiliphi elingelona iqiniso.
Ukufakwa kwe-balcony esikhaleni sokuhlala kudinga ukudluliswa kwe-radiator yokushisa, kanye nengxenye encane ye-liner kuyo yavalwa odongeni [ezinhlanu] . Ukuxhumana kwamapayipi kuvaliwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngasizathu simbe i-Riser eyinhloko ivulekile. Kuyacaca ukuthi iningi lamapayipi anezibambo ezibomvu zokuqothula ama-cranes azofihla ngemuva kwamakhethini futhi ngeke aphuthume emehlweni [One] . Kepha i-riser emngceleni we-balcony, yaphenduka i-erker, iphenduke ukuba ibe sendaweni ebonakalayo. Kungaba khona ukuvala ngebhokisi lokuhlobisa (elibiza u- $ 100-150) ngomnyango omncane, ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kuma-Cranes.
Njenge-Iceberg, kuphela "izinto ezincane" ezivame ukubonakala ebusweni, maqondana nokuqeda. Vele, bayakwazi ukonakalisa umbono wokulungiswa okubiza kakhulu, kepha namanje awenzi ingozi enkulu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuhlukile.
Isibonelo, esithombeni [ezinhlanu] Iphutha le-coarsest liyakhonjiswa, izisekelo ezifakwe endaweni eseduze nokuxhumeka kwamapayipi avalekile. Ngokusho kwamazinga okuphuma kagesi akhona, kuyadingeka ukubeka kude okungenani okungenani amamitha-metha kusuka kumapayipi epayipi lamanzi nokushisa.
Ingxenye engaphansi kwamanzi yokulungisa i-Iceberg ifaka inani elibalulekile lomsebenzi ohlobene namanethiwekhi obunjiniyela, indle, ugesi. Iningi lezinto zalezi zinhlelo zivikelwa ngokuqinile noma zivaliwe, futhi amawindi amancane kuphela asele, ahlinzeke ukufinyelela kwezindawo ezidinga ukulungiswa kwezikhathi ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, ama-cranes amanzi aphenyayo [isishiyagalolunye, ishumi nanye] . Isibonelo esilandelayo futhi le misebenzi kungenzeka yenziwe ngesilinganiso esilinganayo "izinga eliphezulu".
Izitolo zezingcingo nezikagesi zitholakala emazingeni ahlukene, yize zisondelene komunye nomunye [ishumi nanhlanu] . Kuyamangaza ukuthi azange zihlanganiswe kuyunithi elijwayelekile, njengakwezinye izindawo [Ishumi nane].
Izikhala (futhi ziphindaphindelana noma phakathi kohlaka lwe-rosette nodonga [Ishumi nane] . Esimweni sokuqala [Isithupha] Zingabangelwa ukunganaki lapho zifaka. Kepha, njengomthetho, kuvela izikhala ezifanayo uma kukhona ikhefu enganele ngaphansi kwebhokisi lokufaka, ingxenye ebonakalayo yayo eyayitshaliwe. Kungabuye kwabikwa ukuthi kulawulwa amaphutha, ngoba akekho ohlole ukuthi ngabe ipuleti lensimbi lisondele kakhulu odongeni ("inserdes" yesokhethi linamathele kwisoftware, futhi ekugcineni komsebenzi okunamathiselwe).
Ngokuqondene necala lesibili [Ishumi nane] Igebe eliphakathi kwethayela nohlaka lweRosette kwavela ngenxa yebanga le-concave elingajwayelekile le-tile. Lesi sici kungenzeka ukuthi asinakuqhathaniswa uma iqembu elikhukhulisayo lisenkabeni yesikwele futhi laliqonde ngqo, hhayi ngokuvundlile. Ukujula ngaphansi kwesokisi kugawulwa ezindongeni zikakhonkolo kwesinye sezinyathelo zokuqala zokulungiswa futhi ngokushesha kuyo yonke indlu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ukudlidliza kwe-perforgator kanye nezicucu ezimnandi zikakhonkolo zingalimazi izindonga zezindonga, amapayipi, iminyango, njll. Ngenxa yalokho, iphutha lingabikwa nge-akhawunti yokukhethwa okulinganiselwe kwendawo yezisekelo ngaphandle kokucabanga ngosayizi wethayela nendlela yokubeka kwayo. Ngenkathi, kucatshangelwa ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kwethayela, izixhumanisi zazo kuphrojekthi (uma kukhona okukhona) kwakudingeka ukukhomba kuze kube semathenimitha. Isivuno sasizoba ama-resense esenziwe ngesikhathi sodonga, lapho indawo ngqo yokufaka yesokhethi ngalinye kulula ukunquma. Kuliqiniso, bekuzodingeka ukuthi kusebenze ngokucophelela futhi kuthathe ikhefu elibhekene nalo ukuze i-tile ethathwe kabusha ihlushwe ihlushwa ngokudlidliza kwe-perforator.
Ngokusobala, uhlobo lwethayela alunakwa ngokuphelele lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sebenzanisa i-tile egumbini lokugezela lesibili (elinezitezi ezihlangene) lenziwa ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi umnyango uzofakwa kanjani. I-ATEA ifakazela kuphela ukuthi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwakungekho isikhungo sokuxhumanisa esisodwa noma kulesi sikhundla kwakuyinduna engahlangene.
Uhlobo lokugezela lwendlu yokugezela luyathandwa yizakhamizi zethu (ukufaka izitolo kanye nokushintshwa kwalo, okungukuthi, umakhelwane kagesi namanzi noma umphunga wamanzi) uyisihloko sengxoxo ehlukile ehlukile. Endabeni yokugezela efakwe ama-Integer 4elects. Noma ungacabangi imithetho ekhona yokufakwa kwamasokisi kanye nokushintshwa kwamakamelo amancane futhi amamanzi futhi uqondiswe ngomqondo ojwayelekile, lapho isibuko esijwayelekile, isibuko sesibuko singacabanga ukuthi sihlale ebusweni futhi "ukugcwaliswa "wamadivayisi. Okwamanje, ukuphepha kwabo kuhlinzekwe nge "esitafula" (ngokunembile, kungaba ukuwubiza ngokuthi "ukuqiniswa" okuphindaphindiwe) nokufakwa kwe-RCD. Kodwa-ke, unikezwe iqiniso lokuthi "isisekelo" kanye ne- "zero" akufani ncamashi, futhi iqiniso lamadivayisi amaningi amadivaysi e-UDO athengiswa ezimakethe zethu angabhekwa ukuthi umagazini wokuphepha ezimakethe usekhona .
Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, lapho kulungiswa kwehla ikakhulukazi ukupenda iminyango nokuwela kwangemva kwalokho, izinkinga ezinjalo, njengomthetho, akwenzekanga. Namuhla, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthambekela "kokuncipha kwabantu abaningi", izinguquko ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela zezindlu eziningi ezinamateki zenziwe ngokulungiswa kwesibili. Lokhu, lokho kuzokwenziwa ngokomsebenzi le misebenzi, ukuphepha kwabakhileyo efulethini nakomakhelwane babo kuncike kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulungiswa akuqalile kahle ngaphandle kokuthenga ukuhamba ngezinyawo lapho ufuna izinto zokuqeda noma ifenisha entsha, kodwa kusukela ekuqasheni kosonkontileka ochwepheshe. Njengoba izinga lokulungisa linqunywa ngekhwalithi yomsebenzi futhi kuphela ngokwamukela izinto zokwakha.
Abahleli babonga "isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezokwakha" ukuze kusiza ekuhleleni izithombe.