Izincomo zokwakhiwa kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Ukubeka ubuchwepheshe, amanani, izici zamamodeli ahlukahlukene amapayipi ama-drainage.
Izakhi eziphambili zohlelo lokudonsa amanzi.
1 - Inhlabathi evundile,
2 - Isihlabathi,
3 - Ama-Geotellits,
4 - Itshe elichotshoziwe,
5 - Drain,
6 - ukhonkolo wesikhumba,
7 - inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe.
Ukudonswa kwamapulasitiki kwanamuhla kuhlanganiswa kalula futhi kufakwe emhlabathini. Bamba imithwalo ebalulekile ohlangothini lwezendlalelo ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi.
Ezindaweni ezixhuma amapayipi amaningana noma ukuguqula kwabo ukuhlela imithombo yokubuka.
Ukususwa kwamuva endaweni yokuswayipha, umgodi usike ukusikwa. Umgodi uvalwe uphawu nge-patch tee ne-mastic.
I-Coconut fiber winding iyakwazi ukuhlunga izinhlayiya ezincane zobumba.
Ungayivikela kanjani indlu kanye nesakhiwo emiphumeleni elimazayo yamanzi aphansi komhlaba? Muva nje, ukuxazulula le nkinga kwakukhona ithuluzi elilodwa - ukudonsa. Kepha ngoshintsho lwezizukulwane zabakhi nokuhlaselwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokungenisa, indlela endala ehlolwe ngandlela thile yasikhohliwe. Kepha uhlelo lwe-drainage elenziwe ngokuqinile lungasindisa unjiniyela ezinkingeni eziningi zobuchwepheshe futhi sigcine ngisho nezindlela zalo namaseli ezinzwa.
Yini esivame ukuqala kahle kahle isayithi lakho? Khetha indawo efanelekile yesikhathi esizayo ekhaya. Futhi uma isivele yakhiwe, sibumbela insimu eseduze, yakha izimo zokuhlala okunethezekile. Konke lokhu kulungile. Kodwa ingabe abakhi banakekelwa kahle ukuqina nokwethenjwa kwendawo yokuhlala entsha? Inhlala-kahle yangaphandle imvamisa imvamisa - isiza singase sinciphiswe kakhulu.
Iqiniso lokuthi inhlabathi eduzane nendlu ihlushwa umswakama owedlulele, uzofunda ngezimila. Ngenxa yokugcwaliswa ngokweqile kwendawo ngamanzi, amakhambi amaningi, izihlahlana nezihlahla azikwazi ukukunakekela. I-Willow, i-poplar, i-cherry - izihlahla zomswakama. Kepha uhlelo lwabo lwezimpande olunezinhlamvu alwanele ukuqeda inhlabathi. Esikhundleni salokho, lezi zindawo zizoba ukufakwa kokuhlobisa endaweni yendawo. Izithelo-Berry Rocks (Cherry, i-Apple isihlahla, iplamu) azizithandi izindawo ezimanzi. Izimpawu zokuqala zesimo esibi salezi zihlahla zizoba yi-cleing of amagxolo, amagatsha omile, isikhunta eziqubeni, njll.
Ngokuqondene nendlu, kuphakama izinkinga ngokuyinhloko nengxenye yayo engaphansi komhlaba (isisekelo, isisekelo). Futhi njengomthetho, ngenxa yemvula yasezulwini nakumanzi aphansi komhlaba.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi inhlabathi akuyona enye indawo edlula ngaphandle kwamanzi. Lokhu kubonakaliswa ekuziphatheni kwenhlabathi eseduze nokwakha. Ungqimba olungenhla ebhendi eliphakathi leRussia lubanda ebusika ka-1.4-1.8 m. Ukuqandisa kubandakanya umdobi emhlabathini, kugcwaliswe umswakama. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhlabathi inyusa ngevolumu hhayi ngokuqondile kuphela, kodwa futhi ngokuvundlile. Ngenxa yalokhu, amashifu ezindonga, ukuqhekeka kwama-masonry, awenza buthaka isisekelo, agcwalise elingaphansi ngokudonswa nokubumba. Inhlabathi emanzi inendawo yokuqanda iqhwa nezingxenye ezingcwatshwe zendlu futhi, ukuvuvukala, zibaphakamise. Kanye nezimo zezulu eziphikisayo zingavusa ukwanda kwezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Imvamisa lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu ekwakhiweni.
Kepha akupheleli lokho. Ebona inhlabathi futhi uhambe kuyo, izulu kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ancibilikisa ama-solids namagesi ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi okuyingozi ku-portar kasimende, ama-masonry kanye nokhonkolo. Inqubo yokucekelwa phansi yalesi sisekelo ivelele, kepha imiphumela yayo ithinteke kakhulu esakhiweni: Ubuqotho bezakhiwo ezisekelayo buphazamiseka; Ukubumba nokukhunta kuphonswa ngendlu engaphansi kuya phansi kuya phezulu futhi kuthinte yonke indlu ekugcineni. Amabhokisi eminyango namafreyimu wewindows angakhubazeka kakhulu ukuthi kuyimbangela yokubonakala kwezikhala nezikhala lapho indlu izoqala ukusheshisa ukushisa. I-Parquet noma enye indawo ephansi ngaphansi kwethonya lokudambisa ukuzalanisa. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngaphakathi. Futhi lezi yizindleko ezintsha, futhi ngaphandle kwewaranti, ukuthi inqubo yonke yokutakula akudingeki ukuthi iphindwe kaninginingi.
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuvikela isisekelo kanye nesisekelo sesakhiwo esivela emanzini uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Uma akwanele, kuzodingeka ukuthi kungangeni manzi. Isilinganiselo esilandelayo sokugcina phansi kwendlu kuzoba yithuluzi esitezi esingaphansi kwezindawo zokungena komoya. Bazofaka isandla ekudonseni kwemvelo kokuhwamuka komswakama.
Ngaphambi kokwakha uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi, kuyadingeka ukuthola izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba (AGB) ahlobene nesisekelo kanye nesisekelo sesakhiwo. I-Corv ayihlali yembulwa yizimpawu zangaphandle. Ukuvuza odongeni, izimbotshana egumbini elingaphansi futhi nje umgodi ogcwele amanzi noma umsele ngeke unikeze inkomba enembile. Ukubalwa kwayo, ukusebenza kwe-Geodesists kanye nonjiniyela be-hydrogeologiogiegiogiopogiogioporogical bazodinga. Ama-Geodesists azokwenza ukudubula okuphezulu kwesiza, alungiselele idatha ye-hydrogeologists kanye nokuklama amanzi. Uma manje usuzokwanda ngempela indawo, uhlelo lwensimu luzodingeka kanye nomklami we-landscape.
Ukudubula kwenziwa ngababili be-geodesists besebenzisa izinsimbi zokukhanya. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3 uzothola uhlelo olunemininingwane (umdwebo) wesiza esibonisa ukuphakama okuphakeme. Lo msebenzi uzobiza u- $ 12-20 ngekhulu (uma usebenzisa izinsizakalo zokwakha noma zamafemu we-landscape). Izazi ze-hydrogeologists, i-Drumming 2-3 Imithombo Emincane (ijule kuya ku-5 m, ngobubanzi obungama-80mm) nokusakazeka ku-satin yokusikeka kwezindawo zesifunda, kuzokhipha isithombe esinembile sezikhumulelo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngalesi sikhathi nangezikhathi ezihlukile ze unyaka, kanye nezincomo enhlanganweni yohlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Ukushayela kwenziwa nge-rig yokumba ephathekayo encane (i-motobur). Isikhathi somsebenzi usuku olungu-1, ukulethwa kwemiphumela eqediwe kuKhasimende kuvame ukwenzeka ngesonto. Izindleko zale sevisi zisukela ku- $ 300 kuya ku- $ 700. Ukubuka okulinganiselwayo kwe-AFT kungatholwa eshibhile kakhulu - nje omakhelwane ababuhlungu. Uma inani le-agricis alimo lezolimo lingaphansi kuka-2,5 m, ukudonsa kwendawo kuyadingeka.
Manje luyini uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi? Ngokuvamile, lesi yisakhiwo esinamapayipi axhumene namapayipi axhumekile, atholakala nxazonke noma umswakama ovikelwe umswakama. Amanzi ageleza phansi emhlabathini. Empeleni ipayipi (ongoti balibiza ngokuthi yi-Drain) linenethiwekhi yezimbobo ezinobubanzi obucishe babe ngu-1.5-5 mm ezindongeni. Zitholakala kukho konke noma cishe kulo lonke umkhawulo wepayipi ebanga elithile komunye nomunye.
Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-80s wekhulu lama-20, asbestos-cement kanye namapayipi we-ceramic asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokudonsa amanzi. Ngaphambi kokulala, ukusikeka kwenziwa kubo noma izimbobo ezivuthayo, ezazithatha isikhathi esiningi isikhathi nesikhathi esiningi (kwamanye amazwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-asbestoscent kwenqatshelwe ngenxa yemiphumela yayo enobungozi umuntu ngamunye). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababi bamapayipi kulezi zinto zokwakha bafaka ukuvalwa okusheshayo kwezimbobo, isidingo sokugcwala njalo kanye nempilo yenkonzo emfushane. I-Drainage isebenza ngokubonakalayo kwavela ukuvela kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-polymer ze-hydrochloride. Manje imakethe yaseRussia iveza ipulasitiki, i-polyethylene kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) amapayipi e-polymer - ahlanganisiwe, ahlotshiswe, ahlome ngamanje izimbambo eziqinile. Lo mklamo kukuvumela ukuthi usabalalise umthwalo enhlabathini ephakamisa ngokulinganayo eduze nobude obude, ukuze kuhlale kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kuthembeke isikhathi eside. Ukujula kokubekwa kwamapayipi we-polyethylene akwedluli ama-3 m, kepha amapayipi e-PVC angabekwa kude kufinyelela ku-10 m kusuka ebusweni. Isikhathi sokudonsa kusuka kuma-polymers - iminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu. Amapayipi anobubanzi obungu-50-200 mm akhiqizwa, asebenza ngempumelelo futhi athandwa ngamasayithi we-cottage eyi-100-millimeter.
Amapayipi aphezulu we-drainage ahlinzekela emakethe yasekhaya amafemu anjengo-ANTOR noMabo (Finland), uRehau kanye ne-Frankische (iJalimane (iDenmark) ne-RustHekplast (iRussia). Ukulula kwale mikhiqizo kubenza bakhululeke kokuhamba. Isisindo Drama ama-50 m ubude cishe 25 kg. Ungasika nge-hacksaw ejwayelekile. Ukuvikelwa ekuhambeni, ukuvalwa ngesihlabathi nenhlabathi, ezinye izinhlobo zamapayipi ama-drainage zinikezwa ngezinto zokuhlunga ezinamagobolondo. Kunezihlungi ezimbili zezinhlobo ezimbili: kusuka kusizinda esikhethekile sokwenziwa sendwangu (i-geotextile) kanye nefayibha yemvelo kakhukhunathi. I-Geotexlexlexlles isetshenziswa emhlabathini weSandy, Samp kanye ne-Peat. Ukudonsa nge-coconut fiber Hlunga kufakwe ku-loam nobumba. Amapayipi ngaphandle kokuhlunga kufanelekile lapho kungabi khona amathuba esihlabathi kanye ne-sludge. Intengo 1 M polyvinyl chloride tube nge-geotextile Filter - $ 1.9; Skokosov - $ 3.6. Izindleko 1 M polyethylene pipes yi- $ 1.5.
I-drainage ingabekwa ngaphambi kwangaphambi kokuvimbela isisekelo nesisekelo esingaphansi komhlaba, kepha ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kwangaphandle kwesisekelo. Uma ikotishi lakho lingakaxhumekile kumapayipi, indle, ugesi, njll., Chaza izindawo zokuxhumana okusolwayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lolu lwazi ngemuva kwalokho luzogcina ubuqotho kanye nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi.
Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi isidingo sokudonsa amanzi sivela ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwezakhiwo zendlu. Esimweni esinjalo, ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba yesakhiwo kufanele imbize ngokuqondile. Indiza isho ukuthi indawo yokuhlala yakho iphendukela endaweni yokwakha. Ngendlela, ungakhohlwa ukuxoxa kusengaphambili ukuthi ngubani nokuthi ungabuyisa kanjani umbono wangaphambili wendawo eduze kwendlu.
Enye yezindlela ezifakazelwe zobuchwepheshe bokufakwa kohlelo lokufakwa kwamanzi lumi ngokulandelayo. Phansi komsele kubhekwe futhi kufakwe engxube esomile yetshe le-limestone elichobozekile nesihlabathi esikhulu (ukuqina kwesendlalelo 50 mm). Amapayipi angeziwe wokudonsa ahlanganiswe. Nokuchema ubuncane abakhwabanisi izindinganiso ukwakhiwa 0.002 (2 mm ku 1 m. M.) Ngaphezu ubumba nenhlabathi futhi 0.003 (3 mm ku 1 m. M.) Ngaphezu anesihlabathi. Cishe i-bias 0.005-0.01 (5-10 mm ku-1 P. M.) Ithathwa ukukhishwa kwamanzi okuhle. Ukuze umswakama ulula ukungena kumapayipi, afafazwe ngezinto ezihlosiwe zamanzi. Ukuchitheka kwenziwa ezingxenyeni ezithile. Itshe elinomlutha elichotshoziwe noma amatshe amatshe anesilinganiso sokusanhlamvu atholakala eduze kakhulu. Kusuka phezulu, i-geootextile ingalashwa ngokuhlukanisa okuphezulu kulolu ngqimba kusuka esihlabathini ngosayizi wokusanhlamvu ka-0.5-10 mm. Ubukhulu bokufafaza buguquguquka ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-300 mm (Amanzi amancane avumelekile inhlabathi ezungezile, ifriji enkulu). Phezulu upopped up ungqimba lwemvelo lomhlaba.
Ukubheka umsebenzi wokudonsa kanye nokuhlanza amapayipi okuhlanzekile, ukubonwa kanye nemithombo ye-swivel kuhlelwe. Imvamisa, baqoqwa ngamakhonkolo kakhonkolo noma aqinisiwe. Amadayimane agijimayo kakhulu angama-400 no-700 mm. Ukuphakama kwezindandatho eziphakeme kuhluka kusuka ku-0,5 kuya ku-2 m. Isisindo semikhiqizo enjalo ngu-230-3100 kg, inani lendandatho lingu- $ 30-150. Ukulayisha nokufakwa kwenziwa yi-crane noma i-othomathikhi yokulayisha ($ 18-30 ngehora eli-1).
Muva nje, imithombo yepulasitiki eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe nge-PVC ububanzi bama-315 mm kanye ne-1.25-3 m ngokuphakama kwe-1.25-3 m asetshenzisiwe. Intengo ephakathi ingu-1 k. M - $ 20. Imikhiqizo ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ilula, ukufakwa kwazo akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuphakamisa. Imithombo yepulasitiki inciphisa kakhulu umthamo we-arcworks, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yasindisa imali kanjiniyela. Ingasetshenziswa njengokuqhutshwa kwamanzi, kepha kuphela ezimweni lapho umthamo wokuqongelela umswakama mncane futhi ungasetha kabusha ngaphandle kwesiza.
Umswakama oqoqwe ngamapayipi amadeshi ungena emanzini anciphile kahle. Kumba endaweni ephansi kakhulu yokukhululeka, kucatshangelwa i-topography yendawo. Amanzi e-Water-eqhutshwa kahle aqongelela kahle ezingeni elithile, okuncike ekujuleni komdanso kanye nendlela yokususwa okuthe xaxa komswakama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanzi avalwa ukunisela noma ukusethwa kabusha emgodini oseduze. Enye inketho: Amanzi aphansi nangaphezulu angaqondiswa emthonjeni okhethekile wokumuncwa. Inokujula okungenani kwe-3 m. Ikhonkolo ezansi kuyo ayikho, esikhundleni salokho yenza ungqimba lokuxhaswa ngemfucumfucu kanye nesihlabathi. Amanzi adlula emgogodleni abe yizendlalelo ezisezingeni eliphansi. Amandla amancane inhlabathi, okujulile kufanele kube nokubuyiselwa emuva.
Amapayipi ohlelo lokudonsa amanzi agezwa ngemithombo ye-swivel. Amanzi alokhu andliwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela ku-hose yokunisela. Njengoba ukuzijwayeza, ukuhlanza okunjalo kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi kusebenza kakhulu enhlabathini eyinkimbinkimbi kuyadingeka njalo eminyakeni engu-5-10. Ukuze izigqoko zemithombo zingethina ukuvela kwalesi siza, zingambozwa ngezinto zokuhlobisa: ama-floral veses, amabhentshi, isithombe, njll. Enye indlela ukulala ungqimba oluncane lomhlaba, pre- ukuzichoboza nefilimu. Okulandelayo, le ndawo iwela ngotshani botshani.
Izinto zohlelo lwe-drainage
| Into uqobo lwayo | inombolokumayunithi. Izilinganiso | Intengo, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Concrete cap nge-hatch | 4 izinto. | 70.6 | I-280. |
| Ring kakhonkolo | Ama-PC ayi-12. | amashumi amathathu | 360. |
| Esinqeni | 4 izinto. | 25. | 100 |
| Ukucwishweni | 60 POG. M. | 3. | 180. |
| I-Pipe asbot (20 mm) | 40 POG. M. | ishumi nanye | 440. |
| Taypar geotextile | 130 m2 | 1,2 | 156. |
| Itshe elichotshoziwe (5-20) | 42 M3 | - | 1136. (ngokulethwa) |
| Isihlabathi (0.5-1) | 36 M3 | - | 540. (ngokulethwa) |
| Usimende m 400. | Izikhwama ezingama-26 ze-50 kg | 2,3. | 65. |
| Amatumu | 48 kg | 0.4. | 24. |
| Ingilazi ewuketshezi | 8 kg | 0.4. | 3,2 |
| Ingqikithi: | 3284,2. |
Ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwesakhiwo esivela emanzini aphansi komhlaba kunganikeza ukuhlela okuthe mpo kwensimu, noma, ngamanye amagama, ukudalwa kokukhululeka kokufakelwa. Kulokhu, imigodi ilala, futhi icebo liphakanyiswa ezinye izindawo, zakha imithambeka evela endlini ibheke emasimini noma emigwaqweni edude noma emigwaqweni. Ngokuphumelelayo, isimo kwesinye isikhathi sivame ukusondelana nesakhiwo. Amanzi avela ophahleni, iqhwa elincibilikayo ligeleza kulo kanye nokuphumula okukhethekile emathrekhi ku-Pre-Drank Drank Drank Drank, ezungeze umngcele wesakhiwo.
Ukuze ufundise okungenhla, cabanga ngesinye sezibonelo zesakhiwo sohlelo lokudonsa amanzi azungeze ikotishi. Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwe-hydrogeological, iphrojekthi yokususwa komhlaba kanye namanzi omhlaba yathuthukiswa. I-drainage yaxazululwa ngosizo lwamapayipi e-drainage, ebekwe ngasendaweni yesakhiwo sokuhlala ezingeni lokuphansi kwesisekelo.
Amadokhumenti wephrojekthi ecaleni elijwayelekile afaka:
1) Uhlelo lwesimo,
2) izincomo ze-Metha ezisebenzayo kudivayisi kanye nokwakhiwa kwamatshe,
3) Ingxenye Yokukhokha
4) ukubeka ithrekhi yohlelo,
5) Imidwebo yabasebenzi,
6) Uhlu lwezinto zokwakha kanye namavolumu omsebenzi,
7) Linganisa. Kuze kube yisakhiwo se-draina, ikhava ngesikhathi sonyaka we-oscillations sonyaka sikhuphuka ezansi kwesisekelo. Ukujula kwepayipi ukubeka, ngokuya ngezibalo zokuklama, kwakungu-1.6 m.
I-drain yatholakala ebangeni elingu-0.8 m ukusuka ngaphandle kwesisekelo seSisekelo futhi ngaphezulu kweleveli yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, indandatho yokudonsa yaba yi- "watershed" phakathi kwezinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba kanye nesisekelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi, ukukhuphuka kwenhlabathi capillars, umswakama ngokwemvelo uyancela ungene kupayipi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa i-funner yokudangala ngaphansi kwaso ngaphansi kwawo - isikhala esinenhlabathi ephelelwe ngamandla. Cabanga ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukujula kanye nobukhulu bokulinganiselwa kokudonsa kwalolokwakhiwa kunqunywe ngokuqondile. Kuphrojekthi ebhekwayo, imithombo emithathu yama-swivel enziwe kanye nokwenziwe ngamanzi okuqhutshwa ngamanzi ngezindandatho zikakhonkolo. Imithombo ifakwe amaveli akhethekile (amathileyi) achaza ukuqondiswa kwamanzi okugelezayo. Onke ama-seams angenamanzi i-wafix mastic e-wavin. Kusuka emthonjeni oqhutshwa ngamanzi, amanzi angena emgodini ojwayelekile, ukuphumelela kocingo ngemuva kwendawo yedolobha laseCottage. Lapho uphuma uye kulo mgodi, ipayipi livikelwe yi-sand-gravel efafaze ukuvikela ukuqanda.
Ngosizo lwama-drainage, awungonga indlu kuphela, kodwa futhi nenhlabathi ezindaweni ezihlushwa umswakama owedlulele. Izindlela zokwakha zizohlala zinjalo. Ukulungiswa kanye namapharamitha wohlelo kuphela angabuyekezwa. Indawo yokukhipha ku-1POG. I-M Drainage Pipe - kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-20 m2. Ukudonsa amanzi kungakhiwa nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kufaka phakathi ebusika, ebusika nje izindleko zizoba munye nesigamu noma kabili ngaphezulu. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwenziwa kumandla aphakathi kwabasebenzi abayisithupha.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezijwayelekile, kwakhiwa ama-drainage emavikini ayi-1-3. Izindleko zokuhamba zingama-5% enani elilinganisiwe lezinto zokwakha nomsebenzi okhiqizwayo (esimweni sethu - $ 337). Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwe-drainage kuhlotshaniswa nodaka lokududuza ngodaka, ukusika amapayipi, ukulayisha nokulayisha izinto zokwakha, izindleko zemishini yezobuchwepheshe zilingana ne-10% yenani eliphelele (esibonelweni esingenhla - $ 672). Kuyadingeka ukubeka ezilinganisweni zokulinganisa nezindleko ezingalindelekile. Kulokhu, babalwa ngama- $ 500. Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokudonsa kubiza u- $ 8226.
Ibha yentengo izoncika ekutheni u-oda ukwakhiwa kwama-drainage ngokusebenzisa inkampani, noma ukuqasha i-wizadi yangasese nge-brigade. Ngokwemvelo, izindleko ezilinganiselwayo zethayidi yangasese elingezansi, futhi kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nekhwalithi yomsebenzi, kuya ngokufunda komsebenzi wochwepheshe. Kungcono ukukhombisa ukuphaphama kwe-marginal lapha: futhi inkampani eqinile kwesinye isikhathi kuba nabantu abangafundile. Sesha izazi ze-hydrogeologists, ama-topographs-geodesists, abaqambi, amakhosi kanye nabasebenzi abanzima ikakhulukazi manje. Ngaphezu kwezingodo namaphephandaba, kanye nezingxoxo zazana, imininingwane mayelana nochwepheshe abadingekayo bangafundwa kumakhasi e-Inthanethi. Kanye nesincomo sakamuva: lapho ukhetha inkosi eqinile noma eyimfihlo, nakanjani uzobuza okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini komsebenzi wabo kule ndawo.
Izindleko zomsebenzi ehlelweni lomthombo oqhutshwa amanzi
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Inkokhelo ye-ral, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi (ukwakheka okungezansi), 6 m3 | ishumi nesishayagalombili | 108. |
| Ukufakwa kwamasongo kakhonkolo aqinisiwe, ama-4 ama-PC. | 56. | 224. |
| Isembozo esikhuphukayo, i-PC eyi-1. | 28. | 28. |
| I-Waterproofing yangaphandle, 4 m2 | 1,7 | 6.8. |
| Idivayisi yokufaka emithonjeni, ama-9 ama-PC. | ishumi nanhlanu | 135. |
| Izisekelo zekhonkolo ekhonkolo ye-Swivel Wells, ama-3 ama-PC. | amashumi amabili | 60. |
| Isihlabathi, i-1.6 M3 | ishumi nesishayagalombili | 28.8. |
| Ukubuyela emuva i-fillet ngophawu, 2 m3 | I- | 11,2 |
| Ingqikithi: | 601.8. |
Izindleko zomsebenzi ehlelweni lohlelo lokudonsa amanzi
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Inkokhelo ye-ral, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwembiwa kwemisele ngesakhiwo, 161.6 M3 | okune | 646,4. |
| Hambisa Umhlaba Endaweni Yomsebenzi, 100.6 M3 | 2. | 201.2. |
| Ukubeka phansi ukuchitha nokukhipha, amakhilogremu angama-92. M. | 2. | 184. |
| Imfucumfucu Entantayo, 73.3 M3 | Okuthenyalwayo | 733. |
| Ukuhlala i-geotextile, 130 m2 | okukodwa | 130. |
| Isihlabathi esintantayo esine-sal, 56 m3 | I- | 313.6 |
| Ukubuyela emuva kwe-fusion yenhlabathi yendawo, 30 m3 | I- | 168. |
| Ukuhlelwa komlomo (ama-Swivel Wells) womthombo, ama-5 ama-PC. | 55. | 275. |
| Ingqikithi: | 2651,2 | |
| Izindleko eziphelele zohlelo ngokulinganisa: | 8226. |