Ukwakhiwa kweRenaissance. Imithombo yesehlakalo, umehluko kusuka ezitayeleni ezandulele, izinto ezijwayelekile.
Indlu yokuhlala yeRenaissance, eNgilandi. Amafasitela atholakala endizeni ye-facade ngokulinganayo. Ukugqwala okubonakalayo kusetshenzisiwe. Umnyango wangaphambili ukhonjiswa ngesitebhisi esiphakeme, esisebenza njengohlobo lwe-balcony. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungukuphefumula okunjalo okuphefumulelwe iShakespeare isimo sobusuku uRomeo noJuliet
Ukukhanyisa okuthambile, "Isihlalo" esihlalweni etafuleni lasendlini yangasese, umbhede obanzi onoshukela omncane - "Nangu uJuliet, futhi lezi zinzulu zinobuhle egumbini lesihlalo sobukhosi ezinhle kakhulu!"
IHholo Eliyinhloko ekhaya le-XVV. I-Vigray Yorkshire (England). Lapha kugcinwa ukugcwala kodonga lwangempela, ukusekelwa kokhuni esisekelweni samatshe nasengezelwe. Ibhentshi elide leluliwe ngaphansi kwefasitela, ngqo i- "PrapRababababushka"
Umlando we-renaissance wekhabethe wangaphandle wawubukeka njengesakhiwo sokwakha kunesingaphakathi
Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zendawo yomlilo - ama-pylons aphansi. Izindawo ezinkulu ezizolile zodonga lwemabula zigcizelela ubukhulu besakhiwo sonke
IKhabhinethi YeRenaissance Library. Ulahle itafula eliseduze kwasofa. Naphezu kwemithetho yezabaming izakhiwo, yena, naphezu kobukhulu obuncane, kukhiqiza umbono onzima, njengesonto lesonto noma isigodlo. Ngaleyo ndlela amafomu efenisha eRenaissance ahunyushwa ngayo. Umgomo ofanayo ulele futhi esisekelweni sezibani ezimile ngendlela yamakholomu afakiwe
Futhi kuleli hhovisi sibona isibonelo sedeski lokubhala elithi "Parade" elisebenza njenge "pulatifomu yedemo" yokubhaka okujabulisayo
Okunye ukufakwa kwesisusa seRenaissance engaphakathi kwanamuhla. Ukuma kokuhlobisa kusetshenziswa umnyango wesonto ngezithombe ezingokomfanekiso zabashumayeli basevangeli nasezingelosi. Yebo, njengendlela yesitayela, kungenzeka futhi, yize njengokwamukelwa okukhulu kunzima ukuncoma
"Ukuvuselelwa", "Renaissance" kanye nomculo omningi ozwakala kahle "Kreteno", "Quatrocheto", "Chinkvice" ... Yini elele kulemigomo ebabayo? Uhlobo luni lokubhujiswa oludingekayo ukuze luvuselelwe futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, yini? Siyavuma ukuthi kwakungekho ukubhujiswa. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-avota kwamasiko asendulo, kwehle kahle "ubudala", kwenzeke
Uyini umdlalo ozoza kithi?
Futhi ulungiselela okuthile okusindisiwe, amaqhawe, athathwe emthonjeni ojulile "wamaGrikhi" wemibono. Inquma ukwakheka okusha kwama-oda akwaRenaissance antique. Izinhlobo eziphambili zezakhiwo zicacile ngezilinganiso futhi ngasikhathi sinye ngokusobala izigodlo kanye nethempeli. Amaphupho abonisa ukuthi iRenaissance ayizange ifakwe ngokuphelele ekuhlelweni kwamadolobha, kuhlala kuhlala ephepheni kuphela. Isitayela esivela esimweni esithi "Umhlaba", sihlelwe ngokwezifiso ngokwengeziwe ngombono oshiwo, futhi hhayi isifiso se-gothic.Ngalesi sikhathi, umdwebo uyeka ukuba ngumdwebo osebenzayo kuphela futhi uphendukela ohlotsheni lobuciko obuhlukile. Umuntu ngamunye nge-smear kanye ne-stroke, umphumela wokungapheleli ("okungeyona inzuzo") namakhasimende we-supval ukuthulula aqala ukwazisa njengezakhiwo ezizimele zobuciko. Ngakho-ke, ubuhlakani boMlobi, ubuhlakani boMlobi buza butha kancane ukungaziwa kwangezikhathi zakudala.
Ukusungulwa okuyinhloko emsebenzini wezakhiwo kwakungukuvela kwephrojekthi uqobo njengenkulumo ephepheni lecebo lokuqala. Izici zesikhala esizayo, i-Cubature yayo, kanye nemishini yokuchayeka kumbukeli, - konke lokhu kwabalwa ngabaklami bemvuselelo ngokunemba kwezibalo.
Ingxenye ye-renaissance ingaphakathi enjani kusuka kubanduleli babo? Okokuqala, ekhuluma ngokomfanekiso, kwaba kancane ngokomzwelo, okungukuthi, kwaqeda imiphumela yokukhanyisa okungahleliwe futhi kwabuyisa imali esele yokuphakama, ububanzi, ukujula kwe-gothic. Izakhiwo zithole ubuhle obucacile, obuphelele, baba nengqondo. Okwesibili, ukwakhiwa kabusha kweRenaissance kwathola ukuqonda kwemingcele yesikhala futhi kwaqala ukudala ukwakheka kwemvume ecacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okokuqala ngqa emlandweni wokupenda kwezindonga ezindlini nasezindlini ezingenacala, hhayi ubuciko obungenakugwetshwa bakwaMalya baqala ukukwenza, kodwa abaculi abaziwayo.
Ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zokuhlala
Isetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Centric, i-anfladnic, kancane kaningi ukwakheka kwemisebe. Njengoba i-dome ikhuphuka kaningi ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo, ukufumbathisa isikhala kuphenduka leso sikhungo lapho lonke isakhiwo esisele "sokudansa". Njengomthetho, ngaphansi kwe-dome yihholo elikhulu elikhulu. Kuzungeze, ngokuya ngamasampula asendulo, imvuselelo yomakhi yokwakha yakha amavolumu amancane.
Ukubonakala kwe-Urban Palace-Palazzo esikhundleni senqaba "evinjelwe" efunwa zombili izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlela. Abasekeli be-European Bourgeisie Bankers, abathengisi, ababungcweti abacebile, babeyintsha futhi bathambekele kakhulu, "kuthuthukile" ikhasimende lezangaphakathi. Kufuze impilo yansuku zonke yokunciphisa imithetho yobuhle futhi inzuzo. Yebo, nokuphila kwezwe kuhlasela ngenkuthalo emkhakheni wangasese, kuchaze imithetho yabo kanye nemithetho kubakhileyo endlini. AmaHholo Omkhulu okhiye we-Feudal Feudal, lapho i-jelly ingathunyelwa khona, manje saseguqulwa ibe yinhle ukwamukelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala zasemadolobheni. Umnikazi wendlu manje uhlobisa hhayi ezakhiweni zamabhola ezilukhuni, kodwa futhi "nomsebenzi" wayo. Abanini bamabhange kanye nezindlu zokuhweba bancintisana ekubumbeni kokunambitheke ngezikhulu kanye nenkosana.
Isigodlo noma indlu yedolobha laseRenaissance, laliqukethe izakhiwo ze-parade, zokuhlala nezomnotho. Ingxenye yangaphambili yesakhiwo yayihlanganisa ukwamukela, amakamelo okudlela, amakhabethe namahholo okudansa. "Emkhosini wamakhabethe ajwayelekile" phansi kwambozwa imihlanga, amakhaphethi asetshenziswa njengamadrape kanye nemihlobiso yodonga. Ukufakwa bekuhanjelwe yimpahla - amakhabethe anesiliva elithulekile, i-Faience, ngisho ne-porcelain, i-ex-greater enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani namakamelo okuhlala, indawo emele inikezwe i-SCANTY. Isihloko esiyinhloko lapha kwakubhekwe kuwo wonke amabhentshi.
Njengomthetho, umnikazi waleli ndlu wayenekhabethe amabili - elijwayelekile nangaphambili. I-Daily yasungulwa egumbini lokulala futhi ayizange ihluke ekubizeni komhlobiso, akukho usayizi omkhulu, ngenkathi umqulu utholakala ngezansi, eduze kwamakamelo okuhlala kanye namakamelo okudlela, futhi wakhonza njengemali ekhokhwa yizivakashi ezisemthethweni. Ama-Kcabinets akwazi ukuxhumana nemitapo yolwazi, imfashini eyabiwe ngalesi sikhathi hhayi kuphela emvelweni yemvelo. Ukuhlelwa kwehhovisi elingaphambili kufakiwe, ikakhulukazi amatafula amakhulu. Babehloselwe kangako ukuthi basebenze ngokuqondene nombukiso wezinto ezingandile nezibizayo ezilethwe emazweni angaphandle. Amathebula ambozwe ngendwangu yetafula ekhaphethini esindayo kanye nezindwangu ze-brocade. Eduze bekukhona amabhentshi amakhulu ngaphandle kwemihlane, "ukuthambisa imicamelo" empumalanga "namakhaphethi.
Ngokuvamile, izinhloso ezisempumalanga zitholakala kakhulu emhlobisweni wamakhaya aseYurophu. Ingaphakathi leRenaissance sekwephuzile selivele lazi into ethandekayo ethandekayo, njengoba uSofa ebolekwe empumalanga ye-Arab. Kuliqiniso, kusengu- "prodivan", kepha vele unemicamelo nesihlalo esithambile. Yebo, iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu kamuva, inzalo yakhe izonqoba konke ngaphandle kwamakamelo okuhlala namakhabethe - kusuka ekunciphiseni okunesizotha kunazo zonke, "kusuka ku-pushk fafas izodumisa:" I-pushIntact Sofas yokudumisa kithi eSultanov! "
Amakamelo azimele atholakala ezitezi ezingenhla abonakaliswa ngosayizi amancane, kepha ahlukahlukene ngokwengeziwe. Umlando omkhulu weKhabinethi, ukhokho wezokuphepha wanamuhla ngokuqinisekile, ngokuqinisekile wayenehhovisi elifanayo. Kukhona nengubo, ikhabethe, i-bureau, ideski lokubhala. Ifenisha eyenzelwe ukusebenza iba lula kakhulu kune-medieval.
Ngokuvamile, amafomu wefenisha asebu-archaic kakhulu futhi afana kakhulu ne-facade yezakhiwo zokwakha. I-voucher yezinto ezahlukahlukene kukhona amakholomu, ama-eaves ngisho nama-totaths! Ungakhumbula iKhabhinethi okuthiwa yiFrankfurt, ebingalingana nefulethi elincane lesimanje. Ngasikhathi sinye kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ifenisha "ivuka ezinyaweni", iyakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bakhe be-wardrobe, incwadi, izitsha zokuhlanza zeza ukuzongena esikhundleni sezifuba eziphansi "ezidliwayo". Kwaze kwafika. Kodwa-ke, isifuba sisanikezwa endlini ehlonishwayo, ikakhulukazi umshado, okuyiziqhenya okukhethekile zomndeni. Angapendwe yizigcawu ezizalweni zevangeli noma zivela ezinganekwaneni. Umlandeli kanye nosofa, kanye nesifuba kwakuyi-bench-caisson ende, futhi uhlobo lwesifuba, kodwa ngomhlane nezibambo.
Indlu yokusebenzela
Ukuqalisa ukuphinda kabusha isitayela seRenaissance, khumbula ukuthi ngokwemvelo lesi sitayela asihlobisi, kepha sakha. Lokho wukuthi, kwakhiwa ukwakheka kwezokwakha, ukwakheka, ivolumu kanye nokulingana, hhayi ifomu, umhlobiso nombala.Ukwakha futhi
Uma uthatha isinqumo ukwakha kabusha izakhiwo, zilungiselele kanye nomqambi ukuze "ukholwe ukuvumelana kwe-algebra". Esithombeni se-bramte sokwakha, kuhle, njengoba kubalwa ukwakhiwa kweRenaissance. Yenza umdwebo kanye nokucwaninga kwefulethi lakho kuphelele futhi igumbi ngalinye ngokunye ukuze ukwazi ukubala futhi ubone ubukhulu begumbi ngalinye "i-alabramte". Uma kungenzeka, konke Amafomu kanye namavolumu kufanele alwele isikwele nombuthano. Akumangazi ukuthi ukufeza le nhloso kuzodingeka ulahlekelwe yikholomu.
Ngakho-ke, ukulinganiselwa kuyisikwele, isilinganiso sokuphakama nobubanzi begumbi bangenye kuya kwababili. Lokhu uma ungahlosile ukwakha i-dome phezu kwekhaya lakho. Uma kungenzeka nesifiso sokwakha isikhala sokufumbathisa siyatholakala, ukuphakama kuba ububanzi obulinganayo.
Into ebalulekile ebalulekile yekholomu yangaphakathi. Ubukhulu bawo kufanele bunqunywe ngokusekelwe endaweni yesikwele. Khumbula ukuthi abakwa-Revil Archites bavame ukusebenzisa i-colonnethi yesibili ye-tier, elele ehholo elizungeze i-perimeter. Ukuze uthole i-renaissance Palazzo, bekungekho amakamelo angajwayelekile, lapho amakholomu amancane e-tier yesibili aqokonyiswa khona umugqa ophezulu wamawindi. Isibhedlela, indawo efulethini lesimanjemanje akunakwenzeka. Sizoba namakholomu anele okuhlobisa avela ezintweni zokufakelwa noma zemvelo. Ikholamu noma i-Half-Column inika amandla agqamile ukuhlela ubukhulu obudingekayo ngezindlela ezincane. Faka esikhundleni se-tier ephezulu yekholonnade kungenzeka kube yi-mezzanine noma umhlobiso wokuhlobisa (uma igumbi livunyelwe).
Okufanele ukusho, ukusakazwa kabusha kweRenaissance kungukubhekana nobuso bendawo yokuhlala engaphansi kwendlu. Isithombe esiyingqayizivele se-romantic palazzo noma i-villa ukuvusa umcabango futhi sifana "nobusuku obushisayo beVenice, imvula enamanzi ngaphezulu kwe-milan. okunye ukuhamba.
Ukuhlobisa izakhiwo
Ngomklamo ongathi sína wefulethi sikucebisa ukuthi unake ngokukhethekile izinto zokwakha. Isitini esivelayo esikhanyayo esisetshenziselwa ukuqeda kwangaphandle kweRenaiss Master. Lokhu kusiza udonga lwathola umbono onesibindi, onesihluku. Umhlobiso wangaphakathi wahlukaniswa ngomusa omuhle kakhulu. Kepha njengoba sanquma ukuxhaphaza amasu ajwayelekile futhi aqhakaze kakhulu, i-rustic (ngokunembile, kuyangilingisa) kungafakwa ngaphakathi. Vele, ngokudla okukhethekile kanye nomuzwa wokulinganisa. Itshe lokufakelwa lifanelekile ngesitayela se- "rustic", "inqaba yangesikhathi eside", "i-feudal estate" noma "ubuso obuncane". Umbala, usayizi, ukuthungwa - ukuqonda kwakho. Ukulingiswa kwendawo ephuthumayo evuthayo kufaneleke ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphezulu eziphezulu (ukugwinya, igumbi lokuhlala). Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kuqeda kulawo "athathe okuningi kuwe" kunamandla kakhulu futhi kuzwakala, futhi uma kuhlukunyezwa, i-crush.
Idizayini yezakhiwo zeRenaissance yahlukaniswa ngemibala egqamile kanye nokuchichima kwemidwebo. Imfashini yokupenda okungekho emthethweni isabalale hhayi ngaphambili, kodwa futhi namagumbi okuhlala. Uphahla, ama-plafoons, imigqa yayihlotshiswe ngezigcawu zenganekwane noma iziza empilweni yamabandla endlu. Izindonga ezidwetshwe nophahla zazibonakala zisabalalisa amahholo wesikhala, shintsha izilinganiso zazo. Ukuhlolwa okunesibindi ezindlini zabo kungenza ukukushukumisela kusinyathelo esikhulu kangaka esinjengekamelo lokulala noma igumbi lokuphumula elinama-frescoes. Siphatha lokho ngokuthobeka okungadingekile ngeke kusolwe, kanye nasezingeni lokucabanga. Ngakho-ke ngokungabonakali sasondela esigabeni sokuhlobisa nesibukeka esihle somklamo wangaphakathi. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi isitayela seRenaissance sinikeza okuncamelayo kokuhlanza, amathoni amasha anama-accents ambalwa wemibala engaphandle.
Isigaba sesithathu sokuhlobisa i-stylist actent. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunzima ukuthi kuvusene ne-renaissance kunokuba kulingiswe ezinye izitayela, ngoba kuleli cala kungcono ukusebenza ngenani, ukulingana, ukukhanyisa. Okufanayo okufanayo nokudlala indima ye-accent yesitayela futhi ekhethwe ngefenisha efanelekile.
Incwadi Yomklamo WaseRussia-Designer
Ukuvuvukala (Renaissance) - U-Epoch emlandweni wesiko laseYurophu yamakhulu eminyaka we-XIII-XVI, omakwe ngokuqala kwesikhathi esisha. Isibonakaliso sokuqala, ngokuya ngokwezikhathi zabantu, kwakuyimbali yobuciko "ngemuva kwamakhulu eminyaka anciphayo" ekwehlile "kwenkathi yesikhathi sangemuva. Ukuchuma kwalokhu "okuvuselelwe" kobuciko ubuciko bokuhlakanipha kwalokhu, igama elithi Rinascita lokuqala lisetshenziselwa okokuqala (ukuvuselelwa kwesiFulentshi nayo yonke imizwa yayo yaseYurophu yenzeka). Ubuciko bulingana nelebhu, kanye nethempeli, lapho ulwazi lwesayensi luhlala luhlangana noNkulunkulu.
"Umuzwa wokuhle kakhulu", usijwayele kakhulu ukuba sakhiwe ngokunembile ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa. Vele, umthwalo wokuhlala wawungathandeki kahle ezingqondweni ezinhle kakhulu zesikhathi kunobuciko noma ubuciko, kodwa futhi wake washaqeka ukwethuka kwento entsha. Umhlobiso wezindlu ucetshiswe ngezinhlobo ezintsha zefenisha, njengokuphakela izitsha, ama-sombets ezinqolobana kanye namamitha ayimfihlo.
Isikhathi. Isikhathi eside, izigaba zobuciko be-Italy - indawo yokuzalwa kabusha yeRenaissance yanikezwa isikhathi. Ukwaba ngokukhethekile: isikhathi sesingeniso, ungukuphamba okufanayo noma "dante ne-gotto" (kulungile. 1260-1320), ingxenye yesikhathi somsebenzi (i-xiiiv), i-quatrochetto (i-XVV) neChinkento ( Xviv). Lawa magama amahle angathathelwa indawo okusemthethweni okuningana futhi okujwayelekile: Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwangaphambi kokuvuselelwa (amakhulu ama-XIV-XV), ukuphakama nakamuva.
Ukubona into ngendlela ethile . .
Isabelo senzuzo (Lat. Sportio) - ngokulinganayo, isilinganiso esithile sezingxenye zomunye nomunye.
Kredentz - isifuba noma ikhabethe eliphansi, elivamile e-Italy eRenaissance Epoch. Embozwe ngemidwebo nokupenda.
I-kesson - Bench ende, esifubeni.
I-LUNETA, LAADATA (UFr. Lunette- lunka) - arched ukuvulwa kwe-arch noma odongeni olunomkhawulo ovundlile. IWindows ibekwa ezifweni zokuvula, izithulu ezihlotshiswe ngomdwebo kanye nesibazi.
Ipulazi (Plafond) - Uphahleni oludwetshwe noma lweStucco; Umsebenzi wokudweba okuhlobisa okuhlobisa, ukuhlobisa ukugcwala kwekamelo.
IKhabhinethi yeFrankfurt - Into yefenisha, kusukela ekuqaleni (cishe ku-XIVV.) Kukhiqizwe eFrankfurt am Main. Amakhabethe anjalo ahlukile ekukhulumeni, ubuningi bokuhlobisa, izisusa zezakhiwo. Iminyango emile kanye namabhokisi aphansi abenze balungele kakhulu ukugcina inani elikhulu lezinto.